Sy hieu biet cua ngu-oi dan nong thon ven do hien nav
ve chinh sach bao hiem y te *
Trutmg Xuan T n i ^ g * ' '
Tom tat: Arc vao kit qud khdo sdt thuc ti. bdi viit di sdu tim hiiu vd phdn lich thuc li venhgnth.^ vd lain thuc cua ngudi ddn ndng thdn ven dd hien nay a cTZca^Su h'fubietye cac logt bao hiim xd hdi (BHXH). kiin thuc vi bdo Mimyti (BHnirnic dg hieu bietve cdc vdndi liin quan din chinh sdeh BHYT. kenh tiip 'nhdniSStiT^
ThZZoZi'd ^ ? "^^ ''" "''" "'^ "^ ^*^ "'^* ^^ '^- '^^bdng
hgc van, nghe ngh,,p, quy md gia dink tinh trgng hdn nhdn vd mite sdng Tit nZir chmg BHYT no, rieng a rdt hgn chi. Mg, bd phdn ddng ki ddn cu h^n nay khdng hTil biel hogc hieu biel phiin diin. ihgm chi hiiu sai vi BHXH vd Bmr Da sd nZliZ chl nghe not hogc cd kiin thuc khdng ddy di. vi ede chi. tnrang chinh slh pS^luZ Inh vuc nay. Mo, trong nhirng nguyen nhdn ca bdn cda ,huc Uang ddldZatdJnl thong tin. tuyen ti^i„ vi BHXH BHYT cdn nhiiu bdt cap vd hgn chl
Tir khda: Bio hiim y ti. Bio hiim xa hpi, Chinh sich bio hiim y ti, Ndng thdn ven dd Theo BHXH Vift Nam, tinh din ngiy
31/5/2016, ci nudc da cd 70,95 uifu ngudi^ cd BHYT, dat ty If bao plvi 77%
din so. Tuy nhien, ben canh mpt sd nhdm doi tupng thuan lpi tham gia BHYT nhu lao dpng khdi hinh chinh sy nghifp, ddi tupng dupc ngan sach nhi nudc ddng thi mpt sd ddi tuong khic van cdn van dpng khd khan nhu hp cfn ngheo, hp ndng, lim, ngu nghifp, hpc sinh, sinh vien... (Bio hiim xa hpi Vift Nam. 2016). Nhiiu nghien ciiu gin day da cinh bio con dudng phd cfp BHYT toin dan ttudc mit
'•' TS.. Vi^n Xi hfli hpc, Vi^n Hin lim KHXH Vi^ Nam: Email: [email protected]
cdn nhieu cam go, mfe dii Luft Bio hiim y te siia ddi nim 2014 da cd nhiiu diim mdi tien bd hom, mang lai nhiiu li^i ich han cho ngudi su dyng. Mdt ttong nhihig khd khan bat cap dupc neu len gin day li nhan thiic vi sy hiiu biit ciia mdt bd phan dan cu ndng thdn vi BH-iT cdn nhiiu han che. Ket qua diiu tt-a xi hdi hpc cua chung tdi ttong khudn khd di tii "Nghien ciru muc dg hdi long cua ngudi ddn ddng bdng sdng Hong ddi vdi chinh sdeh BHYT' sS gdp phin nio cho thiy id hon vi thyc tr^ng niy'*'
'' Khio sit trudng hpp ngufli din nflng thfln ven do dupc Chung tfli thyc h i ^ tai xi Tin U p (Dan
26 ThOng ttn Khoa hpc xa hOi. sd 12.2016 1. Hilu biet ciia ngudi dan ve cac loai bao
hiem xa hpi
BHXH li loai hinh bio hiim do nhi nudc td chiic vi quin ly nhim thda man cic nhu ciu vft chat, dn djnh cudc sdng ciia ngudi lao ddng vi gia dinh hp khi gfp nhiing nii ro lim giim hoac mat khi ning lao ddng. Cd thi ndi, BHXH li phuomg tifn ca bin de dim bio an sinh xi hpi eho cic thinh vien trong xi hdi hifn dai. Vdi phuang cham xay dyng mdt nhi nudc cua dan, do dan vi vi dan, tir nhieu thap nien qua. Dang vi Nhi nudc ta da xay dyng vi hoin thien nhiiu chinh sach, phip luft BHXH nhim dim bio loi ich ddi sdng ngudi din.
Khio sat ciia chiing tdi cho thiy dien m^o chung ve nhfn thuc ciia ngudi dan d khia c^nh niy. Trong cic loai hinh BHXH dupc ngudi din de cfp, xep theo thii ty uu tien tir cao den thip ve sy hieu biet la:
BHYT, Tn? cip huu tti'*'. Bio hiim thit nghifp, Trp cip tai nan lao dpng-bf nh nghi nghifp, Trp cip om dau, Trp cip tti tuit vi cic loai bio hiem khic. Diiu ding luu y li cd mpt bp phfn ding ke dan cu ndng thdn tai dja bin khio sat hoin toin khdng hiiu gi vi cic lo?i BHXH da neu (Hinh 1).
Hhih 1: Muc dg hiiu biit ve cdc logi BHXH (%)
Tmcip Tr7cipt&Ciclo<IBH Uifc
&ndM TNLO-BNN tuit
•BKldiydii •BKtmftphan •Kh6ngbl«t
i Nfli) vio thing 8/2016 vfli 218 bane PVS.
^Tiirflng dupc gpi bing thu?t ngCr rieng "Bio
Xem xet d miirc dp hieu biit ddy du, biit cfn kS vi cac loai BHXH, ty If la rat thip, ttong dd cao nhat li BHYT ciing chi chiim gin 1/3 sd ngudi tri ldi (30,7%), tiip theo li cic loai BHXH khic nhung trong do khdng cd loai BHXH nio ngoii BHYT cd dupc sy hieu biet diy du vupt qui 10%. Cy the theo thir ty im tien li:
Trp cap huu tri 9,2%, Bao hiim thit.
nghifp 6,9%, Trp cip tai n?n lao dpng- benh nghi nghifp 3,7%, Trp cip 6m dau 3,2% va Trp cip tii tuit 2,8%.
Tit sd lifu d hinh 1 cd thi di din nhfn dinh: Cho den nay, ngudi dfn ndng thdn, ke ci d nhihig vung ven dd dang cd toe dp do thj hda manh mg, nhfn thiic vi cic chinh sich, phip luft vi BHXH van lit h?n chi. Vi dy mpt sd y kiin tri ldi phiing vin nhu sau: Thinh thodng di hgp hdnh hogc d nhd xem ti vi ihi cOng nghe ndi din cdc logi bdo hiem ndy ng. Tuy nhiin noi rieng timg logi mgt thi cUng chi chung chung thdi Ldm sao chiing tdi hiiu dugc trong dd nd cd nhirng gi, chi biit vgy thoi (PVS chii hp gia dinh, nam, 47 tudi, trinh dp THCS, kinh ti trung binh). Cdc chii truang, chinh sach ciia Nhd nudc. ki cd ve cdc logi BHXH thi d dia phuang vdn dugc phd biin cho cdn bg va nhdn ddn. Tuy nhien di hiiu dugc sdu sdt, ddy du vi cdc logi chinh sdeh thi rd, khd. ki cd cdn ho ciing vdy thdi Cht nhu-ng ngudi rdt quan tdm. hg tim tdi tdi li?u.
sach bdo dgc ky thi hg mdi hiit ro rdng cu thi (PVS dai difn iinh d?io Hpi Phu nii xa).
Cudc khio sit niy dupc trien khai d mpt vimg ndng thdn ven dd trong mau djnh lupng dupc chpn nglu nhien la d^i difn cic hp gia dinh cd dp tudi chii yeu ngoii 40 tudi (74,2%) vdi ty If ngudi tra ldi cd nghe chinh lim ndng
Svhi&bid...
nghifp vin ttrong doi Idn (39,9%), do dd su hieu biit han chi vi cac chinh sach BHXH li diiu de hinh dung. Mac du vay, tu dd cd thi thiy hoat ddng phd biin, thdng tin, ttiyen ttuyin dudng ldi chinh sich, phip luat, nhit li phip luat vi BHXH hifn nay cdn cd nhiiu han chi, bit cfp d cdng ddng dan cu ndng thdn.
2. Hieu biet cua nguwi dan ve bao hilm y tl Nhu kit qui hinh 1 cho thiy, ngudi dan tai vimg ndng thdn duac khio sit nhm chung nhfn thiic vi cac chinh sach, phip luft BHXH cdn rit han chi. Mic dii sy hieu biit vi chinh sich BH"VT cd chi s6 cao nhit thi sd ngudi thuc sy hiiu biit vi lo^ BHXH niy ciing khdng cao, chi chiim
^ ^ 7 % . Da sd ngudi tt-i ldi chi hiiu biit mpt phin (61,0%). Diiu dd cd nghTa Ii phin ddng ngudi dfin ndng thdn chi nghe ndi hofc biet mpt cich sa bp vi BHYT.
Tim hiiu mirc dp hiiu biit vi chinh sich, phip luft BHYT theo tuang quan da bifn (nrong quan cheo) cho thiy nhiing chi sd ding chii y:
vi gidi tinh: Nam gidi cd ty If hiiu biet diy du ve BHYT cao hom hin nCt gidi (35,8% so vdi 28,5%), sd hoin toin khdng biit gi ve chinh sich niy d nam gidi chi chiem 1,5%, thip han nhieu so vdi nii gidi (11,3%).
Ve do tudi: Nhdm dp tuoi tt^ nhit trong nhflng ngudi tt^ ldi (18-40 hidi) cd chi so mirc dp hieu biit diy dii li cao nhit (51,8%), tiip theo li nhdm 41-60 mdi (31,0%), nhdin cao tudi (ngoai 60 mdi) cd chi sd hieu biit thip nhit (6,2%).
I c' tinh trgng hdn nhdn: nhdm nhirng ngudi dang cd vp/chdng cd ty If hiiu biit diy du vi BHYT li cao nhit (35,5%), tiip theo la nhdm d gda (da mit vp hofc chdng) 18,2%, nhdm chua kit hdn 9,1%
vi khdng cd ai d nhdm ly thin/ly hdn li hieu biit mpt each diy dii vi BHYT.
27 vi quy md gia dinh: nhung gia dinh CO sd ngudi cang it thi t> If hiiu biit vi BHYT cing thip. Cu thi clii cd 8,9% sd ngudi tri ldi mi gia dinh cd tii 1 din 2 thinh vien Ii hiiu biit diy dii vi BHYT, trong khi ty If nay d nhdm gia dmh 3-4 thinh vien li 36,3% va nhdm gia dinh tir 5 thinh vien ttd len l i 36,6%. Ngupc lai, ty If nhimg ngudi tta Idi hoin toin khdng biet ve BHYT d nhdm gia dinh cd tir 1 den 2 ngudi li cao nhit (15,6%), tiip theo Ii nhdm gia dmh 3-4 ngudi (7,7%) vi thip nhat li nhdm cd tii 5 ngudi trd len (4,9%).
Nhung chi sd tren li giii thich dupc, vi nhdm nhiing gia dinh it ngudi nhit tai diem khio sat la nhiing gia dinh ngudi gii, neo dan.
vi hoc vdn: Diiu dl nhan thiy li trong sd nhung ngudi tti Idi, hpc vin cing cao thi sy hiiu biit vi BH'YT cd ty If cing cao vi ngupc lai. Cy thi li: nhdm cd ttinh dd tieu hpc tto xuong (tam gpi li nhdm hpc vin thip) cd ty If hiiu biit diy du vi BHYT la thip nhit (7,0%), ty If nay nang cao din len theo ttinh do hoc vin li- THCS 21,1%, THPT 48,5% va cao nhit d nhdm cd ttrinh dp cao ding/dai hpc ttd len (tam gpi la nhdm hpc vin cao) (68,4%).
Ngupc lai, ty If hoan toin khdng biit gi vi BHYT d nhdm hpc vin thip la cao nhit (18,6%), cdn d nhdm hpc vin cao khdng cd ai tri ldi phuong in nay.
Ve nghe nghiip: Cic nhdm nghi nghifp cua ngudi tta ldi cd ty le hiiu biit diy du vi BHYT li: Cdng chirc/vien chirc (50,5%), cdng nhin (55,0%), budn bin/dich vu/tieu thu cdng nghifp (52,2%).
Ve muc sdng-. Co hom mpt nira nhdm gia dinh cd kinh ti khi gia hiiu biit diy du ve BHYT (52,4%), ty If nay d nhdm gia dinh cd miic sdng ttomg binh li 32,5%, nhdm ngheo vi can ngheo chi cd 3,6%.
Ngupc lai, tta ldi hoin toin khdng biit vi
28 Th6ng Hn Khoa hpc x6 hdi. sd 12.2016 BHYT cd ty If cao nhit li d nhdm thit
nghifp (25,0%) va nhdm lim ndng nghifp l i i 2.6% (Hinh 2).
Hinh 2: Tirang quan mic sdng vd mite do hieu biet BHYT(%)
nhdm hpc van cao (84,2%), cdng chirc/vifn chiic (91,7%) vi cdng nhan (85,0%).
Cic phucmg an tra ldi tiip theo li dinh gii nhimg thdng tin vi chinh sich.
Bittdiydii Bieiinfllphin Khdngbiet
• Khi cii •TmncbMi BNghio/cfn nchio
Tdm lai, tir sd lifu khio sit cd thi thay. t^i dja bin dupc khio sit, cic nhdm xf hpi khac nhau cd miic dp hieu biit khac nhau ve BHYT. Cy the nhu: nam gidi, nhdm tudi 18-40, nhdm quy md gia dinh Idn han, cd hpc vin cao, cd cac loai nghi nghifp nhu cdng chiic/vien chiic, cdng nhin, budn bin/djch vu/tieu thu cdng nghifp, ngucri cd mirc sdng cao hem li cac nhdm hieu biet day dii hom, ky cing han ve BHYT. Ngupc lai, nhihig ngudi hieu biet kem hon, hiiu biit khdng diy du hofc cd sai Ifch vi BHYT li cac nhdm:
cao tudi, gia dinh cd dcm/neo ngudi, cd hpc vin thip vi ngudi ngheo hofc cfn ngheo.
3. Hieu biet cic van de lien quan den chinh sich bao hiem y tl
Khi kiim tra, dinh gii mirc dp hiiu biet cy thi timg vin di lien quan din chinh sich BHYT, kit qui khio sat ciia chiing tdi nhu sau.
Da sd ngudi dupc hdi diu khing djnh lgi ich rd ring mi chinh sich BHYT mang l?i cho ngudi dan (71,1%), chi cd 17% y kien cho ring diiu do dung mdt phin.
Trong dd, ly If cao thudc vi cic nhdm:
nam gidi (86,6%), dd tudi 18-40 (78,6%),
Tit ndm 2015 quy dinh hdi bugc tham gia BHYT do! vdi mgi ngudi ddn: cd 49,1% y kiin khing djnh dung, 17% cho la diing mdt phan. 6,4% cho ring khdng dung va cd din 1/4 s6 ngudi tri Idi khdng biit vi diiu nay (24,8%).
Tit ndm 2015 khuyin khich tham gia BHYT theo hg gia dinh: c6 60,1% khing djnh diing, 14,2% cho la diing mpt phin, 2,8% cho la khdng dung vi cd 22,9% tri ldi khdng biit. Trong sd cic y kiin khing djnh diing, cic nhdm c6 ty If cao nhit li: nam gidi (73,1%), dp tu6i 18-40 (69,6%), budn bin/djch vy/tiiu thu cdng nghifp (69,6%), lao dpng ty do (70,3%) vi miic sdng gia dinh ngheo/cfn nghto(71,4%).
Theo Lugt Bdo hiim y li sua ddi. tit nam 2015 ngudi tham gia dugc huimg Igi nhiiu han: cd 52,8% khing djnh dung.
12,4% cho li diing mdt phin, 5.5% cho ii khdng diing v i cd tdi 29,4% tri Idi khdng biit.
Tit 1/1/2016 md thdng luyin khdm chUa b$nh tuyin huy?n/xd ciing dia hdn linh se thudn lgi han cho ngudi Iham gia BHYT: cd 71,6% khing djnh dung, 8,3%
cho li dung mpt phin, khdng cd ai tri Idi cho phuang in khdng diing vi cd 20,2%
tri ldi khdng biit. Trong sd nhihig ngudi khang djnh dung, cic nhdm cd ty If cao la: nam gidi (82,1%). 18-40 tudi (75.0%), nhdm hpc van cao (78,9%), cdng chiic/vien chirc (83,3%) vi budn bin/djch vu/tiiu thii cdng nghifp (82,6%).
Svhl^bid..
29 - Quy dinh Idng gid viin phi lit ngdy
1/3/2016 mang Igi nhiiu lai ich cho nguai tham gia BHIT: cd 28,9% khing djnh dung, 17,9% cho la diing mdt phin, 11,0%
cho li khdng dung vi cd tdi 41,7% tri ldi khdng biit.
Nhu de cap d tren, tai dja bin khio sit da sd ngudi dan diu thira nhfn Ipi ich cua chinh sach BHYT vi diim mdi ciia Luat Bao hiim y ti sira ddi nam 2014. Tuy nhien diiu ding luu y la ngudi dan ndng thdn hifn nay, ngay ca a nhiing vung ndng thdn ven dd phai triin, van cdn mdt bd phfn dang kc chua thiy dupc lpi ich cua chinh
^ i c h BHYT (11,9%) v i e d tir 1/4 fl/5 sd y kiin tri ldi khdng biel nhiing thdng tin lien quan din Luai Bio hiim y ti siia ddi nim 2014.
Mft khic, vifc ting gii vifn phi tir ngiy 1/3/2016 cung da cd nhihig tic ddng xa hdi nhit djnh.
Nhin chung da so y kiin khio sal nghifng vi ung hp nhan djnh ting vifn phi s6 mang lai lpi ich cho ngudi tham gia BHYT, cy thi: 28,9% sd y kiin ddng tinh; 17,9% cho li diing mpt phin;
vi 11,0% cho ring khdng dung. Trong cic nhdm ddng tinh, nam gidi chiim 43,3%, dp tudi 18-40 chiim 33,9%, hpc vin THPT 39,4%. Co mdt ty If kha cao cho ring khdng biit/khd danh gii vi vifc ting vifn phi cd mang lai lpi ich cho ngudi tham gia BHYT hay khdng. Vi vin de niy cd le can tiip tuc cd nghien cim ky hom.
4, Kenh cung cap thdng tin an sinh xi hfi vi bao hiem y te
Tir khio sit mirc dp hiiu biit cua ngudi dan ndng thdn doi vdi cac chinh sich BHXH ndi chung vi BHYT ndi rifng, cd the thiy muc dp hiiu biit siu
sac, toin difn v i diing din vi chinh sich.
phap luft BHYT cdn chiim ty If khiem tdn. da sd ngudi dan chi hiiu mdt phin.
hieu chung chung vi thfm chi cdn hiiu sai Ifch vi chti truong, chinh sich niy. Thyc te dd phan inh cdng tic thdng tin, ttuyin thdng vi ITnh vuc nay cdn ton tai nhung bit cap. Khio sat vi kenh cung cip thdng tin chinh sach, phip luft vi cac loai BHXH cho kit qui d hinh 3.
Hinh 3: Kenh cung cdp thong tin ve cdc chinh sach, ph^ lugt BHXH (%)
T^i dja ban nghien ciru, ngudi dan tiep nhfn thdng tin vi chinh sich, phap luat BHXH chii yiu qua cic phuang tifn tmyen thdng dai chiing (55,0%), tiip theo li cic kenh ttvc tiip nhu: cin bd chinh quyen/doin thi (34,4%), hpp thdn/xf (24,8%), gia dinhlip hing (17,4%) vi ban be/hing xdm (11,0%). Ding chii y li cd tdi 10,6% tiep nhfn thdng tin tir Internet.
Khio sit ve kenh tiip nhfn thdng tin ve BHXH ndi chung vi BH'V'T ndi rieng theo cic nhdm xi hpi d cpng dong dan cu ndng thdn cdn cho thiy mdt sd diim ding chii y:
Kinh Iruyin thdng dgi chiing a dja bin khio sit bao gdm cic loai thdng tin truyen hinh, dii phit thanh (bao gom dii phit thanh trung uong vi thinh phd.
30 TbOng tin Khoa hpc xt hdi. sd 12.2016 huyfn. xi), sich bio vi tii lieu lien quan
dupc quing bi. Cic nhdm nhfn thdng tin vi BHXH, BHYT nhiiu nhit li: nam gidi (65,2%), nhdm 18-40 mdi (73,2%), nhdm hpc van cao (78,9%) vi nhdm cdng chiic/vien chirc (83,3%). Ngupc lai cac nhdm it nhfn thdng tin loai nay tren cac phuong tifn truyen thdng dai chung li:
nhdm chua ket hdn (27,3%), ly hdn/ly than (20,0%), hpc \in thip (32,6%), nhdm gii yiu/huu tri (29.2%) vi nhdm cd miic sdng ngheo/cfn ngheo (35,7%).
Kenh tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng tii cdn bg chinh quyin/dodn Ihi chiem hon 1/3 sd y kiin tri Idi (34,4%), ttong dd cic nhdm cd chi so tiep nhfn ndi ttpi la: nhdm nii gidi (35,8%), nhdm cao tudi (45,8%), nhdm hpc vin thip (51,2%), nhdm gii yiu/huu tri (50%) vi nhdm cd miic song ngheo/cfn nghto (50%). i-igagc lai, cic nhdm it tiip nhfn tt^n kenh niy li: nhdm 18-40 tudi (23,2%), hpc vin cao (10,5%), cdng chirc/vi6n chiic (25,0%) va cdng nhfn (25,0%).
Kenh hgp ihdn/xd xep thii 3 ttong cic kgnh tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH ndi Chung, BHYT ndi rieng, chiim 1/4 y kiin tti ldi (24,8%). Trong dd, cic nhdm cd chi sd ndi ttpi li: nam gidi (31,3%), df tudi 41-60 (27,4%), hpc vin THPT (31,8%), cdng chirc/vifn chiic (33,3%) vi nhdm cd mirc sdng khi gii (33.3%). Cic nhdm it nhfn thdng tin qua kenh niy li: nhdm chua kit hdn (9,1%), hpc vin thip (18,6%), lao dpng ty do (18,9%) vi nhdm cd miic sdng nghfo/c4n nghto (17,9%).
Kenh gia dinh/hg hdng cd cic nhdm tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng ndi ttpi li: nhdm tudi 18- 40 (23,2%), chua kit hdn (27,3%), hpc vin cao (36,8%) vi nhdm cdng chiic/vif n
chiic (25,0%). Cic nhdm cd chi sd thip nhit li: hpc vin thip (7,0%), gii yfu^uu tri (4,2%), miic sdng ngheo/cfn ngheo (7,1%), nhdm ly hdn/ly than vi nhdm thit nghifp (0%).
Kenh bgn be/hdng xdm cung cip thdng tin vi BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng cd cic chi sd ndi trdi li: nam gidi (19,4%), 18-40 tudi (17,9%), nhdm hpc vin cao (31,6%) vi nhdm cdng chiic/vifn chiic (25,0%). Cic nhdm cd ty If thip li:
nu (7,3%), cao tudi (6,2%), hpc vin thip (2,3%), cic nhdm ly hdn/ly than, gda, gii yiu/huu tri va miic sdng ngheo/cfn ngheo diu khdng tiip nhfn qua kenh niy (0%).
Qua kenh thdng tin mdi dang phit ttiin nhanh chdng d nudc ta hifn nay li Internet, ciing df cd mpt bp phfn ding ki ngudi dan ndng thdn ven do tiip nhfn thdng tin vi BHXH ndi chung vi BHYT ndi rieng. Trong do ding chii y Ii nii gidi cd chi s6 tiip nhfn thdng tin loai niy cao hom hin nam gidi (11,9% so vdi 7,5%).
Cic chi s i vupt trfi khic la: 18-40 tudi (28,6%), miic sdng khi gii (19,0%). Dfc bift cd 2 nhdm cd chi sd rit cao vi tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH vi BHYT tren Internet li: hpc vin cao (63,2%) vi cdng chiic/vidn chirc (66,7%).
Tyu trung lai, so lifu khio sit tai dja bin cho thiy kfnh tiep nhfn thdng tin BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng cua ngudi dan la khi da dang, tir truyin thdng giin tiip din truyin thdng tryc tiip, tir truyin thdng chinh thirc din truyin thdng phi chinh thiic. Xdt vi mft gidi, nam gicW tiep nhfn thdng tin vupt trpi hem so vdi nil gidi d cic loai kfnh nhu: ttuyin thdng dai chiing, hpp thdn/xf vi kenh ban b^hing xdm. Ngupc 1^, nii gidi tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng cd chi so cao hon nam gidi d 2
Sv h i ^ tuit..
31 kenh la Internet vi qua cin bp chmh
quyen/doin thi.
Cic nhdm nhu: tudi tte han (18-40), hpc van cao, cdng chirc/vien chiic vi nhdm co miic sdng khi gia diu cd cic chi sd cao hom vi tiip nhan thdng tin d cic kenh ttuyin thdng dai chiing vi Internet.
Nhdm tudi 18-40 vi nhdm hpc vin cao cdn cd chi sd cao han d 2 kenh la gia dinh/hp hang va ban be/hing xdm. Nhdm cdng chiic/vien chiic vi nhdm cd miic song khi gia ciing cd chi sd cao han vi tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH, BHYT qua kfinh hpp thdn/xa.
Cic nhdm thudng dupc xem la yiu thi (hofc la dfc thii) trong cpng ddng ndng thdn nhu: cao tudi, hpc vin thip, gia yiu/huu tri, thit nghifp vi mirc sdng ngheo/cfn nghfo thudng cd cac chi s6 thip hom trong vifc tiip nhan thdng tin BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rifng qua cic kenh neu tten. Tuy nhien, ding luu y Ii d kenh qua cin bd chinh quyin/doin the tiip nhfn thdng tin BHXH/BHYT thi a cic nhdm doi tupng yiu thi lai cd chi sd cao vupt ttdi. Diiu niy ndi Ien vai ttd, trich nhifm vi tinh hifu qua dang ghi nhfn ttong ho?it dpng tuyen ttuyin vi BHXH ndi chung, BHYT ndi rieng ddi vdi cic nhom xa hpi yiu thi d dja bin dupc khio sit.
Trong ho?t dpng thdng tin, ttmyin thdng tuyen ttmyin vi BHXH mi ttudc het li BHYT, vai ttd cua cic phuang tifn truyen thdng dai chiing, vai trd cua cin bd chfnh quyin/doin thi dja phuang li hit sire quan ttpng. Tuy nhien, kit qui nghien cim cho thiy chat lupng hoat dpng niy cdn nhiiu bit cfp. Cd y kiin cho ring, hiin nay nhieu hogt dgng a dia phuang id theo tinh phong trdo... Trong khi dang phong trdo ihi liin luc id chirc hgi hgp. rdi loa ddi phdt thanh. rdi pano. dp phich.
Nhung md ndi dung hdi hgp hay bdi phdt trin ddi phdt thanh cSng chi Id hd hdo phdt ddng ma thdi thdng tin vi ngi dung cOng chdng cd nhiiu (PVS Dai dien linh dao Mat ttan xa). Vi chti iruang. chinh sdeh BHYT thi chung tdi cung duac phd biin. thi di hgp thdn dgi nghe ngudi ta ndi: a nhd ddi khi xem li vi cUng nghe ndi nd^ no nhung cd gi khdng hiiu ihi khdng biii hdi ai Hdi con thi cdi gi no bii, nd bdo, cdi gi md nd cUng khdng bii, ihi ddnh chiu thdi (PVS nil, 42 tudi, hpc vin THPT, kinh ti can ngheo).
Cd the ndi, hoat ddng thdng tin, tuyfn truyin chinh sich BHYT cho ngudi dan d ndng thdn cdn mang tinh hinh thiic, chua thyc hien sau rpng. Cic dja phuang chi thuc hifn theo hinh thiic thdng bio chii khdng thyc sy di siu giii thich, phan tich cho ngudi dan. Cic bin tin dupc phit ttfn dii ttuyin thanh vdi tin suit, so lupng cd han nen vifc giiip ngudi dan nim bit thdng tin sau sat cdn nhiiu khd khan. Vin de niy ddi hdi chinh quyin dja phuang vi cic CO quan, doin thi cd lien quan cin cd nhihig bifn phip khic thiit thyc vi cd hifu qui hem, nhu td chiic hpp dan d cic thdn, ling de phd biin, phan tich, giii dip thic mic cua ngudi dan...
Luft Bio hiim y ti mdi sua ddi nim 2014 quy dinh bit budc tham gia BHYT theo hd gia dinh. Tuy nhien hifn nay, vifc niy chua nhfn dupe sy ddng thuan cao cua ngudi din, nhit li cic ddi tupng trudc day da tham gia BHYT ty nguyfn theo timg ci nhin. Nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang nay li do vifc tiip can thdng tin vdi nhihig quy djnh mdi sira ddi, bd sung cua Luft Bio hiim y ti cua ngudi dan ndi chung, cic ddi tupng da tham gia BHYT ty nguyfn theo ci nhan ndi rieng chua kjp thdi vi cdn nhiiu han chi.
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