Tl/ TI/dNG V.I.LENIN VE QUAN HE GIAI CAP - DAN TOC VA sa VAN DUNG CUA DANG C 6 N G SAN VIET NAIVI
• TS PBL^M THI HOANG HA
• TS NGUYEN THI THU HUYEN Vien Chu nghia xd hoi khoa hoc.
Hoc vi$n Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tom tdt: Gid tri ben vting trong tii ttidng cua VL Lenin khi gidi quyet moi quan he gitia vdn de ddn tgc, giai cdp nhdn manh den vdn de ddn tgc d thdi dai ndo ciing dUdc nhan thtic vd gidi quyet tren lap trtidng vd theo quan diem cua mgt giai cdp nhdt dinh. Ddy Id cd sd If ludn vd phtidng phdp ludn cho viec xdc dinh chien lUdc, sdch liidc cua Bdng vd nhdn ddn ta ve vdn degiai cdp, ddn tdc trin cd sd vtia ddm bdo sU thong nhdt, vtia ddp ting sti khde nhau gitia ldi ich giai cdp, qudc gia vd nhdn loai tren nen tdng truyen thong yeu ntidc vd nhdn di cua ddn tdc.
• Tti khoa: V.LLenin, quan hi ddn tdc - giai cdp, Ddng Cgngsdn VietNam.
I. Quan diem cua C.Mac, Ph.Angghen ve quan he dan tdc - giai c^p
Trong Tuyin ngdn cda Dang Cdng san, C.Mac va Ph. Angghen da dg cap dgn vdn dd ddn tgc va vdn de giai cap. Cac dng cho rdng, cudc ddu ttanh ctia giai cap vd san d giai doan ddu mang tinh chat ddn tdc, vi phong ttdo vd sdn la phong ttao ddc lap eiia khdi dai da sd, muu lpi ich cho khdi dai da sd. Vi vay, cudc dau ttanh cua giai cap vd san chdng lai giai cdp tu san, khdng phdi la eugc ddu ttanh ddn tdc, nhung luc dau mang hinh tiiuc dan tgc. Tii do, CMac dd keu gpi: "giai cdp vd san mdi nudc tirudc het phai gianh lay chinh quyen, phai til vuon Ign thdnh giai cdp ddn tdc, phai tii minh ttd thanh dan tdc, tuy hoan todn khdng phai theo cdi nghia nhu giai cdp tu san higu"'".
C.Mdc vd Ph. Angghen cho rdng, khi chu nghTa tu ban budc vao giai doan dd quoe chu nghia, giai cap tu san ngdy cdng td ra ldi thdi vg mat lich sii, chi cd giai cdp vd san mdi thdng nhdt dupe lpi ich cua giai cap minh vdd lpi ieh cua nhan dan lao ddng vd cua ca dan tdc, cd kha nang xda bd triet dg tinh ttang bdc lot, dem lai ddc lap thuc sir cho dan tde minh va eho cdc dan tdc khac, ttic la cho todn nhan loai tign bd. Chi cd giai cdp vd san vdi ban chat edch mang vd sti mdnh lich su ctia minh mdi ed the thuc hien dupe digu nay. C.Mdc va Ph.Angghen da chi ra digu kien quan ttgng hang ddu cho thang Ipi cua cdch mang la sti dodn ket qudc te cua giai cdp vd san. Vi vay, cdc dng ndu khau hieu: "Vd san toan the gidi doan ketlai"^^\
LV LUAN CHiNH TRI-So 4/2020
m^
K f N I l M 150 NAM NGAY SINH V.I.LGNINV.I.Lenm - vi lanh ttivt dai cua giai cdp vo sdn todn the gi&i _ Anh: TL
Nhu vay, C.Mac va Ph.Angghen da thay diroc mSi quan he gSn bo giua van di dan tgc va van de giai c^p. Hai ong khong xem nhe van de dan tgc. Tuy nhien, hai ong khong di sau giai quyet van de dan tgc vi ve co ban. 6 chau Au. van de dan tgc da dugc giai quyet trong each mang tu san. Do do, tai cac nuac nay, mau thuan caban ciia xa hgi la mau thuan giiia hai giai cap ddi khang: tu san va vo san. Hon nira, vao thai ciia C.Mac va Ph Aigghen, he thong thuoc dia da co, nhung cac cugc dSu tranh gianh dSc lap chua phat trien manh.
Do vay, ttong su nghiep giai phbngxa hgi, hai ong nhan manh dSn giai phong giai cap cong nhan. Cac 6ngviet:"Hayx6a bo tinh ttang nguoi hoc Igt nguoi thi tinh ttang dan tgc nay boc lot dan tpc khac se dugc xoa bo" va: "Khi ma su doi khang giiia cac giai cap trong ngi bg dan tgc
khong con niia thi su thu dich gitia cac dan tgc Cling ddng thdi mSt theo"o'. Theo hai dng, di giai quyet su doi khang dan tdc, truoc het phai giai quyet su ddi khang giai c4p, giai phdng giai CEip la nhiem vu trang tam, la dieu kien dd giai phdng dan tdc Sau nay, V.LLenin da nhan xdt, doi vol Mac so vdi van de giai cap vd san thi van dS dan tdc chi la van de thu yeu.
2. Quan diem cua V.I.LSnin
Nlia cudi thd ky XIX, dau the ky XX, chu nghia urban chuyen sang giai doan chii nghia de quoc, giai cap to san ttathanh giai cap phan ddng toin dien: quan su hda ve kinh te, phat xit hda ve chinh Qi, gay chien ttanh xam lupc khap noi, the gidi xuat hien hai he thdng la cac nudc de quoc va cac nudc thudc dlaciiachil nghia de qudc. Ldc nay, van de dan tdc, dan tpc thupc dia tta thanh nhiing van de cap bach va ndng bdng ttpng
LYIUAN CHiNH TW-So4/2020
ja
phong ttao each raang the gidi va gdn bd chat che vdi cudc ddu ttanh giai cap ctia giai cap vd san.
Cudc ddu ttanh cda nhdn ddn cdc dan tdc thudc dia, phu thude chdng chu nghia de qudc ttd thanh mdt ndi dung ca ban, ed quan he hiiu co vdi cudc ddu ttanh chung cua giai cap cdng nhdn chdng giai cap tu san, ddu ttanh gitia bdc lot vd hi bdc ldt, gitia chd nghia de qudc va cdc ddn tde thudc dia, phu thudc. Phdt trien luan diem cda C.Mdc, PhAng^en ttong dieu kien Iich su do, V-LLgnin da vigt nhigu tdc pham ve van dg dan tpc, cdng nhu ban ve mdi quan he giua giai cap cdng nhan va dan tdc, tidu bieu nhu Vg" quyin din tdc tu quyit nam 1914 vd Sa thao lan thu nhit nhung van di din tdc vi van de thudc dia nam 1920. Trong cac tac pham dd, tu tudng ctia V.I.Lgnin vg mdi quan he giiia giai cap va dan tdc dugc thg hidn qua rapt sd ndi dung sau:
Mdtla, V.I.Lenin phg phdn chti nghia dan tpc ctia giai cdp tu san. Ngudd khang dinh, giai cdp tu san da gial quygt mdt each triiu tupng vd hinh thiic vdn dg ddn tde va quyen binh dang giua cdc dan tpc. Dd la mot sti ddi ttd, thu tieu dau ttanh giai cdp nhdm bao ve lpi fch cua giai cap tu san. Thuc chat chu nghia dan tdc cua giai cdp tu san la vi ky, hep hdi, cd Idn nudt ea be, tao ra nhiing qudc gia ddc lap vg phuang dien ehinh tii, nhung hodn todn phu thudc vdo chu nghia tu bdn ve phuang dien kmh tg, tai chfnh va quan s\f. Ngudi viet: "Che dp dan chu tu san, do ban chdt cua nd, vdn cd cdi Ioi ddt vdn dg mdt each triiu tiigng hodc hinh thuc ve quyen binh dang ndi chung, trong dd bao gdm ca quygn dan tdc binh ddng. Ndp dudi hinh thtic quyen binh ddng ciia ca nhdn ndi chung, che do dan chd tu san tuydn bd quyen bmh ddng hinh thtic hoac quyln bmh ddng tten phdp luat giiia ke hiiu san vd ngudi vd sdn, giira ke bdc lot vd ngudi bi bdc lot, do do lam cho nhiing giai cap hi dp biic bi
lua ddi mdt each ghe gdm. Yniem binh dang, - ban than nd chi la su phan anh nhung quan he san xuat hang hda, - da hi giai cdp tu san bien thanh mdt vu khi ddu ttanh chdng lai viee thu tidu giai cap dudi chieu bai ctia quyen bmh ddng tuyet ddi cda ca nhan. Y ngbia that sir cda viee ddi quygn binh dang chung quy ehi Id ddi thu tigu giai cap"''".
Tir dd, VI.Lenin phe phan chu nghIa ddn tdc cue doan, ehu nghia dan tdc sdvanh, vi Ngudi cho rdng dieu nay se cd hai eho phong ttao cdng nhdn cua chinh nudc dd ndi rieng va phong ttdo qude te vd san ndi chung: "ngudi nao diing tten quan diem cua chu nghia ddn tpc thi tu nhien la ngudi dd se di den chfl cd y thiic mudn dimg biic van ly trudng thanh de quay bgc Idy dan tgc minh vd phong ttdo cdng nhdn eua dan tde rainh, ngudi dd se khdng bdn khoan ngay ca trudc viee phai xay nhung biic ttidng rigng d timg thdnh phd, dia phuang, ldng mac, ngudi dd se khdng ngdn ngai dung ca sach lupc ehia re va phan tan dg biin thanh con sdkhdngW di hudn vi dai vg viec lam cho vd san tiiudc mpi ddn tdc, mgi chung tdc, mgi ngdn ngu, sdt cdnh vd thdng nhat nhau lai"'^'.
Ngudi cdn ndi: "Nhting thanh kien dan tdc cung tao digu kien thuan Ipi cho chien ttanh, nhiing thanh kien ndy dugc nudi dudng thudng xuygn tai nhtmg nudc van minh vi lpi fch cua cac giai cap thdng tri, nhdm lam cho quan chung vd sdn khdng chu y tdi nhiing nhiem vii giai cap cua ban thdn hg vd quen mdt nghia vu dodn ket giai cdp qudc te"'^'.
Hai la, edng vdd vide phd phdn chu nghia ddn tdc cda giai cap tu san, V.I.Lenin khang dinh, vdn de dan tdc phai dupe giai quyet tren quan diera cda giai cdp vd san. Bdi vi, chi cd giai cap vd sdn mdi bao ve quyen tii do thtic su cua cac ddn tdc va su thdng nhat eua cdng nhan thugc mpi dan tdc.
LYLUANCH1NHTRI-SO4/2020
n
KY N l | M 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LGNINNgudi khdng dinh:" Nhtmg, doi vdi gial cdp tu san thi yeu sach ve quyen bmh dang dan tde tten thtic te thudng Id sii tuyen truygn cho tfnh ban vi dan tdc va chu nghia sdvanh vd rat thudng hay gdn hgn vdi viic tuyen truyen eho su chia re ddn tdc vd viec lam cho cac dan tpc xardd nhau. Chu nghia qudc tivo san tuyet ddi khdng dung hda vdi lap trudng dd vi chu nghia qudc te tuyen truyen khdng nhiing cho sir gin gui giiia cac ddn tdc, md eho ca suhen hop cua cdng nhdn thude tdt ca cac dan tdc d mdt qudc gia ttong nhiing to chtic thdngnhd'teua giai cdp vd san"'^.
Tir do, V.I.Lenin ludn ddt quan he dan tdc - giai cap vao tien trinh eua cudc each raang xdhpi chti nghia dg xem xet.
Ba la, khang dinh mdi quan he chat che giiia ddn tdc va giai cap, V.I.Lenin cho rang viec gdn ket phong ttao edng nhan vdi phong ttao giai phdng ddn tdc Id van dg sdng cdn, la digu kien tien quyet ttong su nghiep ddu ttanh chdng chu nghia tu ban. V.I.Lgnin neu ra khau hieu keu ggi sir dodn kdt rdng ldn cua giai cap edng nhdn todn the gidi vdd cde ddn tdc bi dp hue: "Vd san tat ca cdc nudc va cac dan tde hi dp biic doan kgt lai".
Nam 1924, ttong "Lenin va cic dSn tdc phuong Ddng', Hd Chi Minh da danh gia: "Lenin la ngudi ddu tign dd hieu vd ddnh gia het tdm quan ttpng ldn lao cua viec ldi cudn nhan dan cac nudc thupc dia vdo phong ttao each mang.
Lenm Id ngudi dau tien ehi rd rang, neu khdng ed sir tham gia cua cdc dan tgc thudc dia, thi each mang xa hdi khdng thg cd dugc"'^'.
Tuy nhidn, V.I.Lgnm nhdn manh sir phti thudc cua van de ddn tdc vdo van dg giai cdp. Vi vdy, du thdy dupe vai ttd quan trpng cua cdch mang giai phdng ddn tdc, nhung V.LLenm van khang dinh su thang lpi cua cdch mang giai phdng dan tdc hi le thudc vao sir thdng lgi cua each mang vd san d chfnh qudc: "Neu khdng cd
chien thdng dd thi khdng the thu tigu duoc ach dp hue ddn tdc vd tinh ttang bat bmh ddng"'^'- V.LLenin cung phe phan xu hudng myet ddi hda vdn dg ddn tdc, dat vdn de dan tdc Ign tten vdn de giai cap, bign van dg dan tde thanh "bdi vdt"- Ngudi cho rdng, lpi ich ddn tdc phai dat dudi lpi ich giai cdp: "Giai cap tu san bao gid cdng dat nhiing yeu sdch ddn tdc cua minh len hang dau.
Nd ngu nhiing ygu sdch dd ra mdt cdch myet ddi.
Ddi vdi giai cap vd san, nhung ygu sach dd phai phuc tung lpi ieh eua cudc ddu ttanh giai eap""°'.
Bin canh do, Ngudi khang dinh van dg dan tdc cd vi tri vd tdm quan ttpng dac biet, giai quyet dung ddn vdn dg dan tdc se gdp phan quan ttpng vdo cupe dau ttanh giai cap, vdo cudc each mang xd hdi chu nghia. Do dd, Ong kien quyet ddu ttanh chdng xu hudng xem nhe van de dan tdc, chi thay van de giai cdp ma khdng thdy van de dan tdc va gpi dd la thai dp "hu vd ddn tdc".
"Kinh nghiera eua ehung tdi cho phep chiing tdi tin tudng sdt da rdng chi cd mdt sir quan tam Idn lao den lpi fch cua cdc ddn tdc khac nhau thi mdi loai tru dupe ngudn gdc eua mpi sti xung dot, mdi trir bd dupe ldng nghi ngd Ian nhau, radi trii bd dupe nguy co gdy ra nhung muu do nao do, mdi tao ra dupe ldng tui, nhat la ldng tm cua edng nhan vd ndng dan khdng ndi cimg radt thti tieng; neu khdng cd ldng tin dd thi nhihig quan he hda binh giua cae dan tgc cung nhu sir phdt trign thudn lpi ddi chut ctia tdt ca nhiing gi Id quy bau ttong nen van minh hien dai, dgu myet ddi khdng the cd dupe"'^".
Bdn la, V.I.Lemn khdng dinh phong ttao giai phdng dan tdc thudc dia la mdt bd phdn trong each mang vo san the gidi. Sau tiidng lai ctia cudc each mang xa hdi chu nghia Thang Mudi Nga, phong ttdo gidi phdng ddn tdc ttd thanh mdt ttao luu Idn tten the gidd. V.l.Lenm ddc biet nhan manh sti ket hgp giua cudc ddu ttanh cua giai cdp
LYLUAN CHINHTR!-So 4/2020
JI
vd san d cdc nudc tien tign vdd phong ttao ddn tpc, dan chu d cae nudc cham phat trien: "Cudc each mang xd hgi chu ngtua cd the tien hanh dugc dudi hmh thiic ket hgp cudc ndi chien cua giai cap vd san chdng giai edp tu sdn ttong cac nudc tien tidn vdi ca mdt loat phong ttdo ddn ehu cdch mang, kg ca phong ttao giai phdng dan tdc ttong cac nudc chua phat trien"'^^'. Tii dd, Ngudd ciing vdi Qudc tg cdng san bd sung khau hieu neu ttong Tuyen ngdn cua Dang Cong san:" Vd sin tat ca denude vi cic dan tdc bi ip biic doan kit laf'^^^K Theo dd, giai cap vd san d cdc nudc tu ban can ting hd phong ttdo dau ttanh giai phdng dan tdc d eac nudc thudc dia, ddng thdi, giai cap vd san d cde nudc thugc dia can cd sach lupc diing ddn dg lanh dao tdt phong ttdo giai phdng dan tdc. V.I.Lenm eho rdng neu dupe su iing hd, gidp da cua cac giai cdp vd san d cde nude tien tien, cdc nude lac hdu cd the khdng ttai qua giai doan m ban chu nghia md qud dd thdng ldn che dp Xd vigt (chu nghia xa hdi) ..."*. Cung vdi dd, giai cdp vd san d mdi dan tdc dgu phdi y thdc dodn ket, thuc hidn chti nghia qudc te vd san: "...cdn chu nghia qudc tgvd san thi ddi: thu nhdt, lgi ich cua cugc ddu ttanh etia giai cap vd san ttong mdt nude phai phtic tiing lgi ich cua cudc dau ttanh ctia giai cap vd san ttongphamvi toan the gidi;
hai la, cdc ddn tdc dang chidn thdng giai cap tu san, phai cd kha ndng va sdn sang chiu dimg nhiing hy sinh rat ldn etia ddn tdc minh de lat dd tuban quocte""^'.
Tu tudng neu tten cua V.I.Lenin la sir ddng gdp to ldn vd phdt tridn ehu nghia Mdc, cd tdc dung chi dao giai cdp vd san lanh dao phong ttdo giai phdng dan tgc d cac nudc thudc dia. Sau ndy, Nguygn Ai Qudc da khdng dinh: Lenin dd ddt tien dg cho rapt thdi dai mdd, that sir each mang ttong eac nudc thudc dia. Gii tri bin vung trong tu tudng cda V.LLenin khi giii quyit moi
quan he giua vin di dan tdc, giai cap la d ch6 dng ludn nhan raanh, van de dan tdc o thdi dai nao cimg dugc nhan thuc vd giai quyet tten lap trudng va theo quan digm cua mdt giai cdp nhat dinh. Trong thdi dai tu ban chu nghia da chuydn sang giai doan de qudc chti nghia phai diing tten lap trudng cua giai cap vd san va each mang vo san mdi giai quygt dupe dung dan van dg dan tdc. Do vdy, ddy la nhiing casdly ludn va phuong phap luan cho viec xdc dinh chien lupc, sdch luge cua cac Dang Cdng san ve van dg giai edp, dan tde tten ca sd viia dam bao sti thdng nhat, vua ddp ting su khac nhau giua lpi ieh giai cap, dan tpc va nhdn loai.
3. Su van dung ctia Dang Cpng san Viet Nam
Tidp thu quan diem cua V.I.Lenin, ttgn ngn tang truyen thdng yeu nudc vd nhdn di etia ddn tdc Vidt Nam, Ddng Cdng san Viet Nara da giai quyet mdi quan he giua dan tde va giai cdp mdt each hdi hda, hpp ly.
Mdtla, ttong giai doan mdd thanh lap, Hd Chi Minh - Ngudi sdng lap vd ren luyen Dang Cdng san Viet Nam - cd quan diem rieng, dde ddo ve vdn dg gial cdp va vdn dg dan tdc. Ngudi cho rdng: Phai ket hgp va gidi quyet hdi hda vdn dg dan tdc va vdn dg giai cap, song phai ddt lgi ich dan tde len tten het vd trudc hdt.
Ludn digm nay cua Ngudi xudt phdt tii co sd thiic tign cua phuongDdng vd Viet Nara. Hd Chf Minh cho rdng Viet Nam la mgt nude thudc dia ntia phong kien, mau thuan giiia dan tdc Viet Nam vdi chu nghia dg qudc va tay sai ndi trdi hon mau thuan giua giai cap ndng ddn vdi dia chu phong kien, giua tu san vdd vd san. Do dd, khdng phai giai quygt van de giai cdp rdi mdi giai quydt vdn dg ddn tpc nhu d phuong Tay. Ngupc lai chi cd thg giai quyet vdn dg dan tgc mdi gidi phdng dupe giai cap. Quygn Ipd dan tdc va giai
LVLUAN CHINHTR!-So 4/2020
^ J KY Nl|M 150 N A M NGAY SINH V.l.ieNIN
cap la thdng nhdt, quyen loi dan tdc khdng cdn, thi quyen Ipd mdi giai cdp, mdi bd phdn ttong dan tde eung khdng thg thirc hien dupe. Quan digm ndy sau nay thg hien ro d Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Trung uong 8, nam 1941 do Ngudi ehu tri:
"Trong ldc nay quyen loi cua bd phdn giai cap phai dat dudd su tdn vong sinh tii cua qudc gia ddn tdc. Trong luc nay neu khdng gidi quydt dupe van dg ddn tgc gidi phdng, khdng ddi duac tu do ddc lap cho todn dan tdc, thi chang nhtmg toan the qude gia ddn tdc chiu mdi kigp ngua ttdu ma quygn lgi cua bd phdn giai cdp dgn van ndm eung khdng ddi lai dupc""^'. Do vdy, Ngudi keu gpi: Du cd phai dot chdy cd ddy Trudng Son cung phai gidnh cho dupe ddc lap" va "Khdng cd gi quy hon dpc lap, tti do"'^^.
Sir van dting sang tao cua Chu tich Hd Chi Mmh vg mdi quan he bien chting giua dan tdc va giai cdp ttong chu nghia Mde - Lenin ed tdc dung ldn lao ddi vdd viec tap hpp Itic lupng vao sir nghiep giai phdng dan tde d Viet Nam cung nhu a cdc nudc thudc dia ndi chung.
Tuy nhien, cdn nhdn manh rdng, ttong khi neu cao van de dan tde, Nguygn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh khdng bao gid ha thdp hodc coi thudng vdn dg giai cdp va ddu tranh giai cap. Ddi vdd Nguygn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Mmh, chu nghia ddn tdc chdn chfnh va chu nghia qudc te vd san thdng nhat vdi nhau. Hon thg, ttong nhting digu kien nhat dinh, chu nghia dan tdc cd the phdt trign thdnh chu nghia qudc te vd san, "khi chu nghia ddn tdc cua hg thdng lgi, thi da lau ldm rdi, phan idn the gidi se xdviet hda vd luc dd, nhdt dinh chti nghIa ddn tdc dy se bien thanh chd nghia qudc tg"'^^'. Bdi vay, chu nghia ddn tdc theo Hd Chf Minh, hodn todn khdng phai Id thti chu nghia ddn tde phong kidn, tu san hay cda Qudc te II, ma la ehu nghia dan tdc ehdn chmh, theo lap trudng chd nghia Mac - Ldnm, gdn dan
tdc vdi qudc te, dan toe vdi giai cap, hudng tai tiiet de giai phdng ddn tdc, giai phdng xa hdi vd giai phong eon ngudi. Nhu vay, chu nghia ddn tdc rad Hd Chi Mmh dung 6 day, ndi nhu CMac, khdng phai nhu giai cap tu san da hieu, ma Id chd nghia ygu nude va tinh thdn ddn tdc chan chmh eua ngudi ddn ban xti.
Hai' la, dudng Idi each raang Viet Nam xuyen sudt va nhdt qudn qua cdc giai doan cdch mang vdi quan diem: Dgc lap ddn tdc va chti nghia xd hpi, cu the hda bdng chinh sdch ddn tpc tten 3 nguygn tdc: bmh ddng, dodn kgt, giup nhau cung phat trien.
Dai hdi VIII cua Dang da rut ra 6 bai hgc chu ygu cua 10 nam ddi mdi. Trong dd, bdi hpc dau tien Id "giu viing muc tieu dpc lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hdi ttong qua trinh ddi mod; ndm viing hai nhiem vu chidn lupc xdy dung vd bao ve Td qudc, kien tri chu nghia Mae - Lenin va tu ttrdng Hd ChiMinh""^'.
Dac biet, Dai hdi DC dd dua ra ludn digm mang tdm khdi qudt ly luan ve quan he giai cap, lpi ieh giai cap va lpi ieh giai cap dan tdc ttong thdi ky qua dp len chti nghia xd hpi d Viet Nam: mdi quan hg giua cac giai cap, cde tdng ldp xa hdi Id quan he hpp tae vd dau ttanh ttong ndi bd nhdn ddn, dodn kdt va hpp tac Idu ddi ttong su nghiep xay dimg vd bao ve Td qudc dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang. Lpi fch giai cap cdng nhdn thdng nhdt vdi lpi Ich todn ddn tdc ttong rauc tigu chung: Dpc lap dan tdc gdn hen vdd CNXH, ddn giau, nudc raanh, xd hdi cdng bdng, vdn minh.
Dai hdi X cua Dang (nam 2006) tigp tuc neu nhiing quan diem mdi ttong van dting tu tudng Hd Chl Minh ve mdi quan hg giua giai cap va dan tpc ngay ttong quan niem vg Ddng Cdng san Viet Nam: Dang edng san Viet Nam la dpi tien phong ctia giai cdp cdng nhdn, ddng tiioi la dpi tign phong cua nhdn ddn lao ddng vd cua dan toe Viet
LFLUAN CHI'NH TRI-So 4/2020
m
Nam, dai bi^u ttung thanh vdi loi ich cua giai cap cdng nhan, nhan dan lao ddng va ciia dan tdc.
Trong Cuong lmh xay dtmg dat nudc trong thdikyqtm ddlen cftung/ifaxaAoi (bd sung, phat trien nam 20il), Dang ta khSng dinh: "Ttt thuc tiln phong phii cua each mang. Dang ta da rut ra nhiing bai bpc kinh nghiem ldn: n&n virng ngpn cd dgc lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa hpi - ngpn cd vinh quang ma Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ttao lai cho the he hdm nay va cac thd he mai sau. Dgc lap dan tdc la dilu kien tien quyet de thuc hien chu ngbia xa bdi va chii nghia xahdilacasdbap dam virng chac cbo ddc lap dan tgc"™.
Ba ii, Dang Cgng san Viet Nam ludn giai quyet mdi quan he giita giai cap va dan tgc tten lap trudng giai cap vd san, dau tranh chdng chu nghia dan tgc cue doan. Do dd. Dang ta nhan manh, khi khang dinh dat lgi ich qudc gia dan tdc len tten het khdng eg nghia la bd qua chii nghia qudc td vd san, bo qua ttach nhiem qudc td vi su tien bd va phat trien ciia tat ca cac dan tgc. Can xac dinh rd ring, ngay nay, mgi viec lam vi tien bg va phat trien chimg ciia nhan loai deu lam cho nhan loai tien gan hon den chii nghia xa hdi. Dat lgi Ich qudc gia dan tpc ldn tten bet ddng thdi vdi ti'ch cue, chii ddng hgi nhap qudc te, mong mudn la ban, ddi tac tin cay, thatih vien cd ttach nhiem ttong quan hd qudc te vi ddc lap, hda bmh va tidn bd la lam tdt nghia vu qudc te ciia dan tgc Viet Nam.
Dan tdc, giai cap va mdi quan he gifla dan tgc va giai cap da va dang dat ra nhieu van dd ca vd ly luan va thirc tiln ddi hdi phai giai dap. Dieu dd cang cho thay su can thidt phai tiep tuc nghien cuu, hpc tap, quan tiiet quan diem cua cac nha kinh didn, to tuong Hd Chi Minh vd van de dan tdc va giai cap ttong tinh hinh mdi, lam ca sd vung chic cho vide v?ln dtmg, hoach dmh, td chiic va tiiuc hidn dudng ldi, chinh s4ch ctia
Dang va Nha nuoc, de dua dan tdc ta vugt qua mpi thu thach, vimg budc ttong qua trinh xay dung mdt dat nudc vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc matih, dan chu, cdng b ^ g , van minh •
(1), (3) C.Mac va PhAngghen: Toan tap, t.4, Nxb Chinh tiri qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2002, tt.523-624,624.
(2) Theo tieng Anh, khau lii§u nay duoc dich la:
"Nhung ngudi lao dpng tten toan ttai dat lien hiep lai" [Workers all of land unite).
(4), (13). (14). (15) VLLenin: loan tap, L41, Nxb Chinh tiri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2005, tt.l98, 198-199, 198-199,203.
(5) VLLenin: loan tap, t.7, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNdi,2005,tt.393-394.
(6) VLLenin: Toan tip, t.l7, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNdi, 2005, tt.227.
(7), (10) VLLenin: Toin tap, t.25, Nxb Chinh tti quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2005, tt.l67,319.
(8) Ho Chi Minh: Toin tap, t.2, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNgi,2000,tt.l36.
(9) V.LLenin: Toin tip, t.41, Nxb Tign Bd, Matxcova, 1978,tt.l99.
(11) VI.Lenin: Toan tap, t.45, Nxb Chlnh tti qudc gia,HaNdi,2005,tt.28I.
(12) VI.Lenin: Toin tip, t.30, Nxb TiSn Bp, Matxcava, 1981, tt.l46.
(16) Hd Chi Minh: Toin tip t.3, Nxb Chlnh tii qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2002, tt. 198.
(17) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.2, tt.l08.
(18) H6 Chi Minh: roan tap, t.l, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia,HaNgi,2000,tt.467.
(19) DCSVN: Van kien Daihdidai bidu toan qudclan thd Vin, Nxb Chinh til qudc gia. Ha Ngi,I996, tt.70.
(20) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hoi dai bidu toin quic lan thuXI, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2011, tt.65.
LVLUAN CHiNH TRj-So 4/2020