AlMH HUOIMG CLIA DAU D A U IMAIMH DEIM iVidi TRUO %IG DA c d , S U TIEIM HDA V A IXiAlVG S U A T CUA B D LAI SIIMD
Nguydn Thj Hdng Nhan' TOM TAT
De tai "anil huong cua dan dau nanh den moi tmong da co. sir tic^u ho:i va nang siuit cua bo Ini Sind" dime tliirc hien nham xac dinh muc dau dau nanh toi mi cho bo itcing \ao dnu giai donii vd bij-o va chon ra khau phan thich hop de nnoi vc") beo bo. Ba thi nghiem dime tien hanh tir nam 2003 den nam 2006 tai Can Tho-va An Giang. Ket qua thi ngliiein cho thay, su dung d.iu dau nanh (6 ml kg trong limng) nhu la mot t;ic nhan khir protozoa (sinh vat don l^ao) trong cla co bo cho an nhung khau phan ngheo dinh dirong va khcing can doi, nd klunig anh huong den pH da co nhung da lam thay doi sinh thai cua da co va khu he sinh v.it theo chieu liirong; giam MI,, giam so luong protozoa, tang so luong vi klni.in. tang luong thuc an an vao, tang tv' le ph.in giai va tang t\- \0 lieu hoa cac chat dinh duong cua thirc an va khau phan. Dung dnu d.iu nanh cho cac khau phan ngheo dinh duc'mg va khong can doi nhir khau i)ban CRC, CRU v.i CML' co hieu qua sinh hoc \'a kinh te ro rcj-t, nong dan co the tang loi nhuan tir M-2S% sau 3 thang vo beo bd.
Tir khoa: I ii beo bo. dau d:'m nanh. khu protozoa, sinh thai cua dn co. t\ • le tieu hoa. tang ti'ong. loi nhuan.
I. DAT UAl\l OE
O' nuoc ta, cung nhir cr cac nircrc clang phat trien khac, nganh chan nudi gia sue nhai lai gan lien vcri nganh ti'dng trot, trong do roni va cac phti iihani trdng trpt dong vai tro quan trpng trong viec giii quyet thiic an. Tuy nhic^n, cac loai thue an nay cd ham lucmg nito, cacbonhydrat va chit beo thip, ham luong xcr cao va ty le tieu hoa kem. Do dd, ndu mudn sir dung ngucm thuc an nay nipt cich cd hieu q u i cac nha khoa hpc dinh ducing gia sue da dua ra nhung bien jihiip tiic ddng nhtr xtr ly bang hoa chat, bd sung cac loai cluony chat thoat cpia. dac bic't la 1)0 siin,c;
thcMii chat beo (lipit) vao khiiu phan de lim timg ty trpng niing lupng hoac cai thien t\' sd protein/nang lupng cua dudng chat h i p thu b i n g each giam bcil luong i)rc)tozc)a (sinh v,at don bao) trong da cd cua gia sue. Di theo hudng niy, dii tien hanh de tai nghien ctiu inh hudng cua diu dau ninh den mdi trudng da cd, su tieu boa va nang suat cua bd lai Sind, qua dd tim ra khau jihan thich hop nham tang kha nang ticu boa va hiip thu thue an.
II. PHUDI\IG TIEN VA PHUOI\IG PHAP THI NGHIEM 1. Phucmg phap thi nghiem
77?/ nghiem 1: .-bih huong cac nnic dim dau minh den mdi truimg da co. luong thdc an an vao va t\' le lieu hoa thuc an obo lai Sind.
' Be) mim Clian nuoi. Kdioa NOIIL; nghiep \a Sinh hoc. Dai hoc Can Tho
Thi nghic^'m diroe ticMi hanh tren bdn bd dire lai Sind trpng luong 130-140 kg/con duoc md Id dd da cd theo thiet kc- hmh vudng Lit tinh gdm 4 bd x giai doan. Mdi giai doan thi nghiem gdm 30 ngay. Tir ngay 1 den 10 (nudi thich nghi), ngiy 11 cho bd tidng dim dim nanh. Cac bd so dupe udng diu dau nanh voi lieu 2, 1, (> hoac 8 ml/kg the trpng. Ngay 11-30 la thdi gian lay miu. Man dupe thu thap theo 4 giai doan: ngay 11-15, ngay 1(3-20, ngay 21 - 25 vi ngay 26 - 30. Tat ca bd dupe nudi ctmg khiu phin:
50% cd tuoi va 50% rom (tinh tren vat chat khd - VCK).
De bo thi nghiem cd mdi trudng da cd nhu nhau trong 10 ngay nudi thich nghi cua nidi giai doan, bo dtroe bd sung 200 ml dich da cd/con/ngay cua bo binh thuong qua Id do da cd va kiem tra sd lupng ]irotozoa, vt khuin dd bio dim su ddng deu giira cite bo.
Chi tieu k h i o sit: Thay ddi sinh ly v i trang thai bieu hien cua bo sau khi udng dau. pH dich da cd, NH;, sd lupng protozoa, loai protozoa va sd lupng vi khuan, kha nang phan giii vat chit khd cua thue an ti-ong da cd bo qua cac thdi didm 12, 24, 48 gid, luong thuc an, ty le tieu boa cua bd thi nghiem. Cic chi tieu khao sitt dupe thue liicL-n theo cac phuong phap thuong quy ap dung a cac phong phim tich thuc an gia sue.
777/ nghiem 2: Anh hudng cua dau dau nanh den nidi truong da cd, lugng thirc an an vao va ty le tieu hoa cua cac khau phan tren bd lai Smd
50 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2011
4 bo due lai Sind duoe md Id do da co va bd tn theo thiet kd hinh vuong La tinh vdi 4 giai doan voi cac khau phin: Cd: 100% cd turn; CMU: cd, mat duong, ure (50% VCK), cd, rom (50% VCK) va 300- 500 g dau nanh. Mdi giai doan thi nghiem gdm 30 ngay, trong dd cd 10 ngay nudi thich nghi vao ngay 11-30 thu thap sd lieu vcri 5 ngiy trude udng diu (tirong ung giai doan: 11-15) va 15 ngay sau khi cho udng dau vdi 3 giai doan: ngay 1(3-20, ngay 21-25, ngay 26-30. Tat c i cac nghiem thirc deu bd sung cung mdt lupng diu la 6 ml/kg the trpng vio ngay thd 16. Trong thoi gian thich nghi, bo thi nghiem ducrc phuc hdi protozoa gidng quy trinh cua dii nghiem 1.
Cac chi ti(;"u theo doi: pH, amoniac, sd luong protozoa, sd lucmg vi khuin dich da cd, lupng thue an an vao va ty te tieu h o i thue an cua bo thi nghiem.
777/ nghiem 3: Anh hudng cua dau dau nanh din timg Irong, he sd chuyen hoa thirc an, hieu qua kinh ti cua hd tint lai Sind dupc nuoi bdng cd, rom, mat dudng bd sung ure vii cam.
Ba muoi bd lai Sind (1-1,5 nam tudi vcVi trpng lupng 132-144 kg/con) dupe nudi dudng tai 5 ndng hd d xa My Hoi Hung, TP Long Xuyen, tinh An Giang de khio sit k h i nang sin xuat va hieu q u i kinh td cua bd khi cho udng 6 ml diu dau ninh truoe khi vd beo. Thi nghiem dupe bd tri theo the thiie khdi hoan toan ngau nhien vc3i 2 nhan td (3*2) gdm 6 ngbic'in thiie va 5 lan laji lai.
Nhan td 1: Kliiit phan thi nghiceni: CMU: 50%
cc), 50% mat duong vi ure; CRU: 50% cd, 50% I'oiii vi lire; CRC: 45% cd, 45% rom v i 10% cim. Nhim td 2:
Bd khdng cho udng dau hoac udng mot lan 6 ml dim dau ninh/kg the trpng vio diu thi nghiem.
Tit c i bd thi nghiem dupe tiem ngira tit liiiydt ti'iing. Id tiidm long mdng... v i tay giun sin trude khi till nghiem. Bd duoe nudi theo phuong thuc ca the CO mang itn va udng rieng. Bd cd sue khoe tdt, dieu kien chain soc nhtr nhau. Thue an phdi hpp tinh tren vat chit khd; ut-e bd sung 50 g/100 kg the trpng.
Khdi liem bd sung khoang cho mdi bd gdm thanh Iihiiii: Bpt xuong 15%, hot sd 15%, mudi 15%, vdi 15%, xi mang 20%, dit set 20%. Cac chi tieu theo dot tang ti"ong ctia bd thi nghic'tn, luong thuc an bd an vao, he sd chuyen hoa thue im va hieu qua kinh te.
2. ITianh phan thuc lieu va gia tri dinh duong cua cac khau phin nudi bd trong thi nghiem
Bing 1. ITiinh p h i n hoa hpc cua thtrc an trong thi nghiem
Tinic an
Rom Co long t;iy Cd mom Dau nanh Cnm min Mat duong Ure
VCK
91,7 19,2 21,4 91,55
84,9 71,5
-
Tinh tren % VCK CP
4,59 11,6 11,7 43,34
9,95 4,35 287,5
NDY 33,1 31,1 33,1 9,32 54,7 0,06 -
XDE 65,0 52,2 62,2 16,26
26,9 0,05
-
ME (Meal)
0,99 1,99 1,91 3,37 2,6 2,72
-
*ME (nang luong trao ddi) tmh theo Vien Chan nudi (2001); MU: ehiit xcr a\it: NFD: chat xo trung
tinh.
Sd lic?u dupe xu ly theo iiid hinh tuyen tinh tdng quat vi dupe thue hic?n tren Minitab (Minitab Release 13.2). Dd khac biet y nghia cua cac gii tri trung binh trong vi giira cic nghiem thirc dupe xic dinh theo Turkey, vcii alplia < 0,05.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Anh hucVng cua cac mirc diu dau n i n h den mdi trudng da cd, lucmg thirc an an vio va ty le tieu h o i thuc an b bd lai Sind
a) Tinh trang sinh ly cua bd sau khi cho udng dim
Trong 4 ngay dau sau khi cho udng diu, tinh trang cua bd cV nghiem thuc cho udng 6 va 8 ml/kg the trpng cd hidu hien giimi an, tic^u chiy, than nhiet hoi tang. Tuy nhien, den ngay thu 5 thi tmh trang bd cr tit c i cac nghiem thue deu trd lai binh thucmg. Ket q u i niy cho thay, cac mue dau thi nghicMn deu khdng gay i n h hucVng lim ddn sinh ly binh thuong cua con viit.
b) Anh hudng cac mirc dau dau nanh din mdi trudngda cd bd thi nghiim
Qua khio sit cho thiy, do pH da cd cua bd theo lupng diu an vio va giua cic nhdm ngay deu khac biet khdng y nghia thdng ke va dao ddng trong khoing 6,31 - 7,01. So vai h i m lupng amoniac giua cic nhdm ngiy cua 4 nghiem thuc tu ngay 16 den ngiy 30 sau udng diu khac biet co y nghia thdng ke (P = 0,027 - 0,001). Ham lupng amoniac dich da cd bo udng diu 6 ml va 8 ml cudi giai doan thi nghii'm thiip hon nghiem thue 2 ml va 4 ml khoang 20%.
Sd lupng protozoa giua cac nghiem thue cua 4 nhdm ngay ddu khic l^iet co y nghia thdng ke (P <
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2011
510,05). Sau khi cho bd udng diu, sd lupng protozoa giim nhanh d nghiem thirc 6 vi 8 nil so vdi nghiem thuc 2 va 4 ml khoing 7(5-59%. Sau 20 ngiy udng diu (ngay 26 - 30) protozoa cd khuynh hudng phuc hdi trd lai d nghiem thuc 2 va 4 ml, cdn b nghiem thuc 6 va 8 ml sir phuc hdi protozoa rit cham.
Thdng thucmg vi khuan chiem khdi lupng ldn nhit trong da cd va bao gdm cic nhdm chinh sau: Vi khuin ty do trong dich da ed (khoing 30%), vi khuan bam vao cac miu thuc an, vi khuan tru ngu d cic ndp gap bieu md, vi khuin bam vio protozoa (khoing
Bang 2. Anh hucmg mire diu dau nanh den
'7o;. Thue an lien tttc chuyen khdi da cd cho nen phan ldn vi khuin bam vio thirc an se bi tieu hoi di.
Vi vay, sd lupng vi khuan b dang ty do trong dich da cd rit quan trpng de xac dinh tdc dp cdng phi vi Ien men thuc an. Sd luong vi khuin giua cae nhdm ngay cua 4 nghiem thuc khac nhau cd y nghia thdng ke, va tang din sau khi cho udng diu (Bing 2). Giai doan tu 1(3-30 ngiy sau khi udng diu. sd lupng vi khuin d nghiem thue 2 va 4 ml tang khdng nhidu trong khi dd sd lupng vi khuin tang cao b nghiem thue udng 6 ml va 8 ml.
sd lupng protozoa vi vi khuan dich da cd bd
Ngay Lucmg dau (ml/kg the trpng)
2 4 6 1 8 P Sd lupng protozoa (lOVml)
11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
4,75"
4,88-^
4,58"
4,76"
4,58"
4,5"
4,5"
4,52"
0,88'' 0,53'' 0,79'' 1,12''
0,58"
0,53"
0,67"
0,9''
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 Sd lupng vi khuan (xlO'Vml)
11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
4,29 4,3 r' 4,91"
4,91"
4,14 5,13"
5,48"
6,05"
4,56 6,77"
8,37'' 10,26"
5,56 9,97^' 10,26'' 11,55''
0,74 0,005 0,001 0,001
Ghi chd: a, b, c cac gia tri & cung hang mang it nhit mot chu ky hieu chung khdng sai khac nhau dP= 0,05.
Trong cac nhdm vi khuin nhdm Holotrich bien mit trude so vdi loii cd kich thude nhd (Entodinia) va loai Holotrich phuc hdi trude rdi tdi Entodinia. Q nghiem thirc bd udng diu thi protozoa giam, vi khuin tiing do tac ddng giua protozoa va vi khuin.
Protozoa an va deu boa vi khuin, loai ra xic trdi ndi trong dich da cd.
c) Phan giai vat chit khd cua thdc an trong da cd bd
Khio sit cho thiy, khi nang phan giii vat chit khd cua rom va cd long tay trong da cd cua bd qua cic thdi diem deu tang theo thdi gian u miu trong da
CO.
O thdi diem 48 gid, ty le phan giii vat chit khd cua rom vi cd giua cac nghiem thuc d thdi diem 48 gid tu ngiy 21-30 cd sy khac nhau cd y nghia thdng ke va ty le phan giii vat chit khd cao nhit vin d nghiem thuc ebo udng 6 ml va 8 ml diu (41-43% ddi vdi rom vi 5(3-58% ddi vdi cd long tay) vi thip nhit vin li nghiem thuc cho udng 2 ml (35-38% ddi vdi rom vi 53-54% ddi vcri cd long tay).
d) Lugng vat chat khd va chat hiiii ca cua thuc an sau kin cho bd uong dau
Cd sy khac nhau rd giua nghiem thue cho udng 2 ml diu vdi 2 nghiem thuc cho udng 6 vi 8 ml diu.
Dieu ding luu y la lupng VCK an vio trong 5 ngay diu d tit ei cac nghiem thue deu thip hon nhung ngay sau dd, sy khic nhau niy li do cho bd udng mot lupng diu khi ldn, cd the con vat bi stress (ire che) nen giim lupng an vio. Lupng VCK an vio cua bd thi nghiem tang b nghiem thue 6 ml vi 8 ml diu b 10 ngiy sau udng diu vi ed mdi tuong quan vdi lupng vat chit khd an vao d bd thi nghiem (R- = 0,93 va 0,99) dgiai doan ngiy 11-15 vi ngay 16-20.
e) Tyle tieu hoa vat chit khd (VCK) va chat huu CO cua thuc an sau khi cho bd udng diu
Cd sy gia tang ty le VCK va chit huu co (CHC) tieu hoa sau khi cho bo udng diu va giua cac nghiem thuc. Dac biet, tir ngay thu 11 trd di thi sy khic nhau nay rit cd y nghia thdng ke (P < 0,05). Ty le tieu hoa VCK vi CHC ed sy tang len tu ngay 6 den ngay 30 b tit ei cae nghiem thuc (Bang 3).
Ty le tieu boa (%)
VCK
CHC
B i n g 3. Ty 1 Ngay 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
e tieu hoa VCK va CHC cuz I bd sau khi cho udng diu Lupng dau (ml/kg the trpng)
2 33,02"
40,44"
41,62" _^
40,06"
35,39 42,85"
44,05=
42,84"
4 34,69""
42.71"
45,22'' 46,08'' 39,37 45,24"
47,51""
48,46"
6 42,75"
45,38""
48,56"
53,63' 44,86 48,09""
51,13""^
56,07^
8 39,31""
49,13"
52,60'' 54,60^
42,05 50,48"
53,86'- 56,94''
P 0,03 0,02 0,001 0,001 0,064 0,012 0,001 0,01
Ghi chu: a, b, c cac gia tri o cung hang mang it nhat mpt chQ ky hieu chung khdng sai khac nhau oP= 0,05.
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2. Anh hudng ciia dau dau nanh den mdi trudng da cd, lupng thuc an an vao va ty le tieu hoi cua khau phin tren bd lai Sind
a) Anh hudng cac diu dau nanh den mdi truong da cd bd duoc nudi vdi cac khau phin khac nhau
Ket qui xac dinh pH dich da cd cua bd thi nghiem dao ddng trong khoing 6,07 - 7,3. pH trung binh cao nhit d khiu phin CRU (7,29) va thap nhit d khiu phin CMU (6,23). Khiu phin CMU ed pH thip nhit la vi trong khau phin cd ri mat, cd nhidu dudng hoa tan nen dudi tic dpng eua he vi sinh vat da cd se nhanh chdng thuy phan tao thinh nhidu
axit beo bay hoi va lam giim pH.
Him lupng amoniac giua cac nghiem thuc d thdi diem 0 gid trude khi an cd sy khac biet ve mat thdng ke (P=0,02), nhung sau 2 gid vi 6 gid sau khi an, amoniac cua cac nghiem thuc sai khic khdng nhieu. Him lucang amoniac cao nhit d khiu phin CRU b thdi diem 0 gid (184,54 mg/1) va thip nhat d khau phin cd b thdi diem 0 gid (131,15 mg/1). Sau khi cho gia sue an 2 gid, ham lupng amoniac cua tit ca cac khau phin ddu tang va hoi giim d 6 gid sau khi an. Tuy nhien, giiia cic giai doan udng diu bd d tat ci eac nghiem thtrc thi nghiem khdng bi thay ddi nhidu.
Bang 4. Anh hudng ciia khau phin thi nghic Khau phin
3m den sd lupng protozoa dich da cd cua bd Giai doan (ngay)
11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
P Sd lucmg protozoa (lOVml)
Cd CMU
CRU CRN
1,37"
3,75"
5,77"
5,62"
0,38"
0,62"
0,78"
0,0"
0,3"
0,29"
0,25"
0,46"^
0,4"
0,76"
1,14"
1,05'-
0,002 0,01 0,001 0,001 Sd lucyng vi khuin (lOVml)
Cd CMU
CRU CRN
1,07"
1,58"
1,03"
1,74
1,0"
2,29"
0,92"
1,58
1,35"
4,0^
1,51"
1,94
1,3.5"
4,19^
1,55"
1,79
0,04 0,001 0,009 0,07
Ghi chu: a, b, c cac gia tri o cung hang mang it nhat mpt chd ky hipu chung khong sai khac nhau op = 0,05.
Sd lupng protozoa trong dich da cd bd nudi bing cic khau phan khic nhau sau khi cho udng diu deu giim nhanh so vc?i giai doan trude udng dau (P < 0,05). Sd lupng vi khuan giira cic khau phan khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke. Sd lupng vi khuan cao d khiu phin CMU, khau phin CRN va d khiu phin cd, khau phin CRU thi thip hon. Sd lupng vi khuin cao nhit d khiu phin cd ri mat va thip nhit d khiu phin cd. Sd lupng vi khuan qua cac thdi gian cho an khac biet (P < 0,05), sd lupng vi khuin tang sau
udng diu d khiu phin cd, CMU vi CRU nhtmg khdng bien ddng nhidu b khau phin CRN.
b) Lugng vat chit kho va protein thd an vao va ty le tieu hoa ctia bd dugc nudi bdng cac khau phan khac nhau co uong diu dau nanh
Ket qui thi nghiem cho thiy, lupng VCK va protein thd an vio d giai doan chung (trude va sau udng diu) va giai doan 10 ngay sau udng diu khac nhau rit cd y nghia thdng ke (P = 0,001), cao nhit d khau phan cd rom cd bd sung dau nanh.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2011 53
Bang 5. Luprng vat chat kho va protein tho Chi tieu
VCK an vio hang
ngay Protein thd
an vao hang ngay
Khau phan Cd CMU
CRU CRN Cd CMU
CRU CRN
an vao (kg/lOOkg the trong) Giai doan (ngay)
11-15 2,33"'^
2,24"
1,97"
2,91"
0,270"^
0,307="
0,273"
0,338"
16-20 1,63"
1,42"
1,75"
1,89"
0,189"
0,195"
0,242"
0,220"
21-25 2,15=
2,44"
2,5""
3,79"
0,250"
0,335"^
0,347""
0,370"
26-30 2,44'- 2,55^
2,79"
3,3"
0,283^' 0,35r 0,387"
0,383"
P 0,001 0,001 0,01 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,01 0,001
Ghi chu: a, b, c cac gia tri o cung hang mang it nhat mpt chu ky hieu chung khdng sai khac nhau dp = 0,05.
Theo NRC (1996) yeu ciu lucmg protein thd an vao 525 - 573 g/bd/ngay so sanh vdi mirc an protein thd cua bd thi nghiem thip d khiu phin cd, CMU va CRU 9230-480 g/con/ngay) va cao b khiu phin CRN (530-600 g/con/ngiy). VCK an vio b cac khiu phin cd sy khac biet d eac giai doan thi nghiem (P < 0,05).
Tuy nhien, khiu phin cd va CRN, khdng cd sy k h i c biet giiia giai doan 11-15, giai doan 21-25 v i 2(3-30.
Dieu nay cho thiy, ndu khau phin can ddi protein thi viec udng dau khdng anh hudng len sy an vao d gia sue. Tuong tu vdi lucmg VCK an vao, lupng protein thd an vio cac khau phin cd sy khac biet giua cac giai doan cho udng diu. Tuy nhien, chi cd bd nudi b i n g khiu phin CMU, CRU khac nhau b giai doan trude v i sau udng diu.
Ty le tieu h o i VCK d cac khiu phin niy da tang hrong ling tir 61,5 ddn 69,83 (8,33%), 58,34 den 70,26 (11,92%), 64,26 den 68,91 (4,65%), trong khi dd khau phin CRN ty le tieu boa VCK chi tang tir 62,45 den 64,03 (1,58%). Tuong ty nhu vay ty le tieu hoa CP d cic khiu phin cd, CRU va CMU da tang tuong img hr 62,14 den 70,28 (8,14%), 59,33 den 71,59 (12,26%), 58,52 den 68,09 (8,57%), trong khi dd khau phin CRN ty le tieu hoa VCK chi tang tu 68,96 den 74,55 (5,59%). Tdm lai, khi cho bd udng 6 ml dau dau n i n h / k g the trpng, lupng vat c h i t khd v i protein thd an vio d nhirng khiu phin ngheo nang lucmg, thip
protein tang len. Tuy nhien kdt q u i cin phai ap dung vio dieu kien sin x u i t de theo ddi nang suit cua bd trong dieu kien cua ndng hp v i danh gii hieu qua kinh te.
3. Anh hudng cua dau dau nanh den tang trpng, he sd chuyen h o i thuc an, hieu qua kinh te cua bd thit lai Sind ducpe nuoi b i n g co, rom, mat dudng bd sung ure va c i m
a) Thay doi khdi lugng va tang trgng cua bd thi nghiem nudi tai ndng hp
Ket q u i tang trpng cua bd thi nghiem cho thay, sy khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke vd tang trpng hang ngiy giua nghiem thuc CMU so vcM hai nghiem thitc CRU va CRC (P = 0,001). O nghiem thuc CRU va CRU cho an 50% rom do rom la thiic an thd cd ciu tao xo ben vung do c i c ciu ndi hnhin vcri xenluloza, hemixenluloza v i protein r i t khd tieu hoi, mac dii cd bd sung ure de tang sd lupng vi khuan bam vio thuc an nhim tang k h i nang tieu hoa x a v i cim la loai thuc an cd nhieu c h i t dinh duong ein thiet cho hip thu nhimg tang trpng vin thip hon cac nghiem thtrc khac. Rom l i thuc an nhieu x a do dd cin nhieu thdi gian phan buy hon, ca quan tieu h o i phai boat ddng nhidu hon v i cin nhidu nang luong hon (Brid v i ctv, 1994; Leng, 1987; Nguydn Xuan Trach, Mai Thj Thom, 2004; Seng Mom v i ctv 2001; Nguydn Thi Hdng Nhan va ctv, 2001).
Bang 6. Tang trpng (kg/con/ngiy) ciia bd nudi thi nghidm tai ndng he Nhan td
Diu dau ninh Khdng
Cd P (diu dau nanh)
-
Khau phin - - CMU
Giai doan (ngiy) 1-30
0,502 0,537 0,09 0,575"
31-60 0,468 0,632 0,003 0,623"
61-90 0,406 0,544 0,001 0,544"
1-90 0,459 0,571 0,001 0,751'
_ - P (khiu phin)
CRU CRC
0,469"
0,515"
0,26
0,521"
0,506"
0,02
0,402"
0,476"
0,001
0,464"
0,499"
0,001 Ghi chu: a, b, c cac gia tri a cung hang mang it nhat mpt chu ky hieu chung khdng sai khac nhau dp = 0,05.
Ci hai khiu phin CRU v i CRC deu bd sung nhirng dudng chit cin thiet cho sy tang trucmg cua gia sue nhung muc dp sai khic khdng cd y nghia va khdng cao b i n g khiu phin d nghiem thuc CMU.
Khau phin CMU tang trpng cua bd la 0,751 kg/con/ngay cao hon d nghiem thue bd sung cam li 50,5% (0,499 kg/con/ngiy) va d nghiem thuc chi bd sung ure la 61,58% (0,464 kg/con/ngay). Giua nghiem thuc cd va khdng cd udng dau vao 30 ngay diu khdng cd sy khae biet ve tang trpng (P = 0,09), nhung tir 60-90 ngay tang trpng cua bd dupe udng diu cao hon bd khdng udng d i u (P = 0,003 va P = 0,001).
Ket qui tang trpng cita bd an khiu phin CMU cua bd cho udng diu cao hon 31% so vcri bd khdng udng diu va hrong hr d khau phin CRU: 28% v i CRC: 14%.
Bang 7. Lupng VCK an vao (kg/100 kg
b) Lugng thuc an an vao va he sd ehuydn hoa thuc an cua bd thi nghiem
Qua 3 thang nudi thi nghiem cho thiy, VCK an vao cua bd dupe udng dau khdng cd sy k h i c biet so vcM khdng udng diu. Lupng thue an vio cua bd d cic nghiem thuc deu cd sy khac biet nhmig sy khac biet cd y nghia chi the hien giua nghiem thirc CMU so vdi 2 nghiem thuc CRU va CRC. Theo ARC (1980) yeu ciu vat c h i t khd an vao/bd/ngay dao ddng tu 3,31-4,24 kg d bd 150-250 kg the trpng vdi tang trpng 0,5 kg/ngay.
Nhu vay, mue an vat chat khd d bd nudi d cic nghiem thiic trong thi nghiem dao ddng tir 4,11-5,14 kg/con/ngay phu hcrp cac nghien cihi trude day v i tieu chuan an ve lupng VCK an vio ddi vcM bd d giai doan 150-250 kg the trpng.
the trpng) ctia bd d cac nghiem thiic Nhin td
Diu dau ninh Khdng
Cd P (diu dau ninh)
- - - P (khiu phin)
Khiu phin - - CMU
CRU CRC
Giai doan (ngay) 1-30
3,2 2,3 0,01 3,54"
2,8"
2,88"
0,001
31-60 2,71 2,73 0,9 2,97"
2,46"
2,72"
0,006
61-90 2,49 2,44 0,6 2,72"
2,27"
2,41"
0,003
1-90 2,81
2,7 0,3 3,08"
2,51"
2,67"
0,001 Ghi chu: a, b, ccacgia tnd cung hang mang it nhat mpt chu ky hieu chung khdng sai khac nhau dp = 0,05.
He sd chuyen hoa thue an eua cac bd thi nghiem khdng cd sy khac biet thdng ke giira cae nghiem thuc chimg td r i n g k h i u phan thirc an d cac nghiem thirc deu cd the sir dung de cd the d i m b i o dit tdng lupng VCK cho 1 kg tang trpng. Tuy nhien, he sd chuyen h o i thiic an cua bd khi cd udng diu tir giai doan 31-90 ngiy deu k h i c biet cd y nghia thdng ke (P = 0,001) khi nudi cung dieu kien v i ciing khiu phin nhung khdng cho udng dau thi e i n 10,08 kg VCK cho 1 kg tang trpng so vcii udng dau la 8,13 kg VCK cho 1 kg tang trpng.
Ddi vcji ngudi ndng dan thi hieu qua cita viec tmg dung cic ky thuat chan nudi phii dupe danh gia thdng qua hieu q u i kinh te. Ket q u i tir nhirng thi nghiem tren cho thay, mac du ngudi dan phai diu tu
them mdt sd chi phi va cdng lao ddng so vcM phucmg phap nudi truyen thdng, nhung sau 3 thing nudi thi lpi nhuan cua hp cd the tang them 14-28% thdng qua tdc dd tang trpng eao cua gia sue.
Nhu vay, khi cho bd udng diu dau ninh sii dung ram ri mat cd bd sung ure da mang lai hieu q u i ve tang trpng tdt cho bd thit lai Sind, gdp phin giii quyet sy thieu cd v i khdng phi ngudn phu pham.
IV. KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Udng dau dau nanh b i n g cich cho bd udng mdt lin tnrdc khi vd beo khdng gay i n h hucmg nhieu den trang thii sinh ly va nhirng bieu hien binh thudng cita gia sue. Lucmg dau dau n i n h cho udng d muc 6 ml/kg the trpng la sy lya chpn thich hap nhit cho bd NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2011 55
trong thi nghiem: Lam tang lupng an vao cua con vat, tang ty le tieu hoa thuc an, dac biet la a nhirng thuc an ngheo dinh dudng v i khdng can ddi.
Co the khuyen c i o cho ngudi chan nudi nen cho bd udng them dau dau nanh vdi lupng 6 ml/kg the trpng trude khi vd beo nham lam tang k h i nang sin xuit cua gia sue va dem lai hieu q u i kinh td cao hon.
TAI UEU THAIVI KHAO
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Effects of lucerne supplementation and defaunation on feed intake, digestibilit}'. Nutrition and productivit}^ of sheep fid strawbased diets. Anini.
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PC Version, Release 13.2. Minitab Inc., State College, P. A.
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Practical application of defaunation of a. :e on fai-ms Ul Viet Nam: Response of young caihe fed rice straw and grass to a single drench of groundnut oil.
Asian-Aust. Journal animal science vol. 14, No.4, pp.
485-490.
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Responses of growing beef callie to a feeding regime combining road side grazing and rice straw feeding supplemented with urea and brewers' grams/ollowing an oil drench. Livestock Research for Rural Development (16) 07 2004.
http://www.cipav.org.co/lri-d/lrrdI617/trachl6053.
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http://\\^\-w.cipav.org.co/Irrd/hTdl3/4/sengl34.htm 9. Vien Chan nudi (2001). Thanh phdn va gia tri dmh dudng thuc dn gia sue - gia cam Viet Nam.
N'XB Ndng nghiep.
THE FOLLOWING STUDY AIMED TO BE AT DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF A SOYBEAN OIL DRENCH ON THE RUMEN ECOSYSTEM, FEED INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH
RESPONSE OF CROSSBRED SIND CATTLE
Nguyen Thi Hong Nhan Summarry
The use of 6 ml of oil/kg is suggested as the most appropriate dose level. Oil treatment removed most of the protozoa, lowered the concentration of ammonia and increased the numbers of bacteria. There were also linear increases in dr\- matter (DM) intake and DM digestibilitv'. In rations of low energ\- and protein, drenching of soybean oil stimulated cattle to consume more feeds in terms of DM and canton protein (CP).
Conversely, the advantage of oil administration was not clear when cattle were suppled feeds balanced in protein. Treatmeants balanced in protein/energi ratio and high content of soluble carbonbydrate resulted in high digestibilit\- in cattle. It is obvious that oil supplementation has improved digestion, particularly in poor protein and energ\- diets. The growth rate and feed conversion rate of defaunated animals was improved over faunated ones. The farmers could make a profit equivalent to 14-2896 of the additional investaient after 3 months thanks to the increase in growth rate of their animals.
Keywords: Cattie, soya bean oil rumen ecosystem, feed intake, digestibility, growth rate.
Ngudi phan bien: TS. Dinh Van Tuydn