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HOP TAC VlfiT NAM - CHLB DlTC:
Tiem nang con rat Ion • TA MINH THUY
CHLB DiJc la n^n kinh te manh nhS't trong 27 qude gia thanh vien EU. HiSn nay, DrJc la mpt trong nhSng ddi t^c thifOng mai hang diu cua Vi$t Nam va la ban hang Idn nhl^t cua Vidt Nam trong EU, chiem tdi 19% tong kim ngach XK hang ho^ cua Viet Nam vao thi trtfdng EU. Trao ddi thtfOng mai 2 chieu nam 2010 dat 5 ty USD, trong dd c^n can thtfdng mai dang nghiSng vi phla ViSt Nam. Nhilu nha d i u ttf Idn cua DiJc da sdm hi$n dien va l^m an cd hieu qud tai Vi$t Nam nhtf Siemens, Mercedes, Metro... Tridn vong hop t£c nhilu mat giffa hai ntfdc dang rattiem nang.
Theo thong tin cua DSQ Dtfc tai Vi6t Nam, tff khi thdng nha't ntfdc Dtfc (nSm
1993) den hdt nam 2010, Chinh phu Dtfc da cung clip cho Vi6t Nam khoan vien trd ODA tri gid khoing 1 t^ EUR, giai doan 2011 - 2012, dtf kidn khodn vi$n trd mdi ddnh cho Viet Nam Ik 300 trieu EUR, ttfdng dtfdng 400 trifu USD. Chfnh phi Dtfc cho rang, Vidt Nam dang trong giai doan tang trtfdng kinh td nhanh, ndn cin nhieu lao ddng. Nhvtag d Mdt Nam lau nay tinh trang "thffa thay thidu thd" vin la phd bidn, ndn Dtfc se t$p trung nhieu hdn vdo vide ddo tao lao ddng cho Vidt Nam, htfdng vdo cdc ngdnh nghd nhtf didn tff, cd
khi, gia cdng kim loai... Nhu eau sff dung nang Iffdng d Viet Nam dang tang nhanh, ndn Dffc se trien khai cdc dff dn ho trd tang nang Iffc sdn xud't didn, di doi vdi nang cao hidu sud^t sff dung didn trong san xuat va sinh hoat. Dffe dang giup Viet Nam tim cae ngudn nang Iffdng mdi nhff quang didn va phong didn, bdi do Id nhffng linh vffc md Dffc c6 nhidu kinh nghidm. Thdi gian tdi, Dffc se tridn khai cac dff an bdo vd rffng vd tfng ph6 vdi bidn ddi khi hdu. Md diu cho nhffng hoat dpng ndy trong tdi khod 2011 - 2012 Id dtf dn
"Bdo ton da dang sinh hoe ede hd sinh thdi rffng tai Viet Nam", dang chuIn bi khdi ddng vdi ngudn vdn 3 tridu EUR do Bo Hdp tdc vd Phdt tridn kinh td Dffc (BMZ) tdi trd. Bdn canh cdc cam kdt song phtfdng, Dtfc con tham gia vdi ttf cdch trffdng cdc nhdm ddi tdc hd trd qude td vd ffng phd vdi bid'n ddi khi hdu d Vidt Nam, th6ng qua vide soan thdo cdc gidi phdp nham han ehd tde dong cua bidn ddi khi hau ddi vdi kinh td-xa hoi efla Vidt Nam.
Tinh ddn giffa nam 201 l,c6 164dffdn diu tff cfla ede DN Dffc tai Vidt Nam eon hidu Iffc, vdi tdng vdn ddng ky Id 890 tridu USD, chii yeu vdo nhffng linh vffc cdng nghidp e6 khd nang canh tranh cao nhtf ehd tao mdy, dich vii ky thudt, cdng nghd
phin mdm, thdng tin truydn thdng...
Nhidu tdp dodn dau tff Idn cua Dffc dang hoat dOng hi^u qud tai Vi$t Nam, nhtf Amata Power (xay dtfng nhd mdy didn), Mercedes (edng nghidp 6 to), Industrie Werk (sdn xud't d bi), Metro (phan phdi hdng hod), Bager (cong nghidp hod ehdt)... Nhin chung, ede dff dn cua cdc nha diu ttf Dffc e6 qui mo nhd vd trung binh vdi khodng 5 6 tridu USD moi dff dn.
Mpt sd DN Viet Nam cung da bit dau ed dtf dn diu ttf sang Dffe. Hidn nay, ed 9 DN Vidt Nam dang diu tff tai Dffc vdi tdng vd'n d5ng ky khodng 16 tridu USD, ehil yeu vdo ede ITnh vtfe nhff Iffu tni, an udng, bu6n bdn, bat ddng sdn...
Tff khi Vidt Nam gia nhap Nhom ede nffdc ed thu nhap trung binh, nhieu nffdc trdn the' gidi da eo dieu chinh thay ddi chfnh sdch vidn trd ODA cho Viet Nam theo hffdng gidm din, nhifng Chinh phu Dffe cam kdt van khdng thay ddi trong chfnh sdch eiia ho vien trd cho Vidt Nam, tidp tue hd trd dd thffc hien nhffng mue tidu da dd ra. Cdc dff dn hd trd deu dtfdc thufe hidn theo ehtfdng tnnh va ke hoach hdp tdc do Chfnh phu hai ntfdc phdi hdp thod thudn vd xay dtfng. Hdp tde phdt tridn Vidt - Dffe dang hffdng vdo 3 trong tam la: Phdt tridn bdn vffng va ddo tao nghe; ehinh sdch mdi trtfdng va tdi nguydn thidn nhidn; phdt tridn dd thi vd y td. Hidn nay, Dffe dang hd trd Vidt Nam thife hidn cdi cdeh vd chuydn ddi ndn kinh td theo hffdng thi trffdng, xtfc tien hdi nhap kinh td khu \\ic vd thd gidi, trong dd ed vide tff van cho V d t Nam sffa ddi ede vdn bdn phdp luat cho phu hdp vdi flnh hinh phdt tridn, hd trd ndng cao trinh dd doi ngu cdn bo, hd trd ddo tao nghd theo hffdng ndng cao chd't Iffdng lao ddng.
Theo hffdng ndy, trffdng Dai hoe Viet Dffe (VGU) dffdc thdnh lap nam 2008 trong khudn vidn cfla Dai hoc qud'c gia TP. HCM tai Thfi Dffc. Mue tieu cua VGU Id xdy dffng trd thdnh trffdng Dai hoc khoa hoc - ky thudt cao dat dang el^p qud'c td' ngay tai VidtNam.
Ld mdt thi trffdng ddng dan (khodng 82 tridu ngffdi), ndn Dffc la mot thi trffdng tiem nang cho XK nhidu hang hod
THlAfNG MAI Sd 05/2012 1 1 3 '
QUOC TE
C ^ ^ thd' manh cfia Vi$t Nam, trong 66 c6 det may. Nhu cau eiia ngffdi ddn Dffe ddi vdi hdng det may rd't Idn, trung binh mdi gia dinh ngffdi Dffc chi tidu khodng 75 EUR cho hdng may mdc vd khodng 12 EUR cho ede sdn phd'm d0t may khdc trong 1 thdng. Nhin chung, hp chii trpng nhidu ddn chat Iffdng sdn phim, cdn mlu ma thi it quan tam hdn. Ldu nay, nhieu sdn phim d$t may ci5a Vict Nam dang dffdc tidu thu vdi doanh ,so Idn tai thj trffdng Dffc. Ddy cung Id thj trffdng "diu tdu"
trong EU, tff do hdng hod ciia Vi^t Nam c6 thd di sang cdc thj trffdng ISn cdn khdc.
Theo Hi^p h^i d^t may Vi^t Nam (VITAS), mudn tham nhdp thi trffdng Dffc, DN ddt may cin phdi nghien cffu vd chud'n bi ky vc nhidu vdn dd nhtf tieu chuIn cua sdn phd'm, nhan mdc, qui djnh vd NK..., trong dd c6 3 tidu ehuin ein ddc bi0t tudn thu Id chat Itfdng, v^ sinh an todn vd trdch nhi^m xa h^i cua sdn phim. Nhd XK nffdc ngodi mudn bdn dffdc sdn phim vdo thi trffdng Dffc cin phdi bdo ddm rdng hdng hod cua ho dat ede tidu ehuin qui dinh cua thi trffdng do Uy ban qui chuIn hdng d$t may Dffe (Textilnorm) dffa ra.
Cdc qui dinh ddi vdi hdng ddt may tidu thu tai th| trffdng Dffc ddu dffa theo nhffng qui dinh chung eiia EU, ngodi ra Dffc cdn ed mot bd luat ridng ddi vdi nhan mdc hang ddt may. Theo dd, tat cd cdc sdn pham ddt may dffdc sdn xuat, NK vd bdy bdn tai thi trffdng Dffc ddu phdi c6 nhan mdc chi ro thdnh phan xd sdi trong sdn pham; nguydn h^u sff dung cho df t may phdi trdnh cdc chat gay ehdy vd cdc chat tly trung. Neu sdn phim khdng dat cdc tieu chuIn qui dinh, khi NK bi hdi quan phdt hidn se bi xff 1^ bdng cdch tidu huy, moi chi phf tidu huy do phia nhd NK nffdc ngodi chiu. Cdc nhd NK Dffc ed thd cdn dffa ra ydu elu ddi vdi phia nhd cung d p nffdc ngodi (nhat Id tff cdc nffdc dang phdt tridn) vd nhffng vin dd lidn quan ddn sffc khoi ngffdi lao dOng, an todn cho mdi trffdng vd xa hOi. Gil^y chffng nhdn chit Itfdng thdng dung nhit ddi vdi sdn phim ddt may NK vdo Dffe vd EU Id Oeko - Tex 1006. Day Id vdn bdn chung nhit bdo ddm ede sdn phim may mdc cd thd dffdc XK vdo Dffe. Cdc nhd XK cung ein cd giay chffng nhan xuat xff ddi vdi hdng hod.Dd cd thd gidm bdt chi phf trong khau tidu thu hdng hod trdn thi tinfdng Dffc, cdc DN nen thdng qua mdt phdp nhdn dai dien hodc dai ly ky guTi, cung co the thong qua vi$c xay du'ng mang Itfdi lien he vdi cac nhd 1 4 1 THirdNG MAI So 05/2012
NK hay nhd bdn bu6n.
Hien nay, hdp tdc Vi^t Dffc dang hffdng vdo nhidu ITnh vi/c nhff gido dye - ddo t^o md bidu tffdng Id .si/ ra ddi cfla D^i hpc Vi^t Dffc; ITnh vi/c mdi trffdng: Vi^t Nam ed bd bidn ddi vd Id mdt trong nhffng ntfdc chiu dnh htfdng nhidu cfia bidn ddi khf hdu, ndn htfdng quan tdm eiia Dffc Id hd trd Vi^t Nam thdng qua ede di/ dn vd mdi trffdng nhdm gidm nh? tdc ddng ciia bidn ddi khf hdu; ITnh vffc y td: Dd cd truydn thdng tff ldu trong hdp tdc giffa hai nffdc; hd trd Vi^l Nam chuydn ddi sang ndn kinh tdthi trffdng, hOi nhdp khu vifc vd qude te. Ngodi ra, trong nhffng ndm qua, nhieu DN Dffc ludn Id ddi tdc tdt cua cdc DN Vi|t Nam U-dn mOt loat cdc ngdnh kinh tc quan trpng nhtf hdng khdng, ha ting ed sd. giao thdng dffdng sit, dffdng bd, cdng bidn... H(?p tde vd ndng Iffdng cQng rit tidm ndng, cdc DN Dffe dang quan tdm xdy dffng nhd mdy difn gid tai midn Trung cua Vi$t Nam. Ddy Id m^t ITnh vffc thd manh c i a Dffe vd hp dang mudn tridn khai hdp tdc tai Vi^t Nam. Ngdnh ehd bidn thffc phim Id mpt trong nhffng ITnh v\fc rit dffdc quan tdm d Vif t Nam vd dang trdn dd phdt trien nhanh. Nhidu DN Dffc dang mudn dm hidu vd thi trffdng vd nhu elu cua ngffdi ddn Vi$t Nam ddi vdi thffc phim che bidn, nhit Id cdc sdn phim dffdc ehd bidn tff thit. Cdc DN Dffc mudn diu tff mdy mdc, thidt bj vdo ngdnh ehd bidn thi/e phim d Vi^t Nam. Myc tidu cua ho Id khdng ch! sdn xuit ra nhffng thffc phim phuc vu nhu elu eiia thi trtfdng khdc nffa.
Hi^n nay, ed khodng 100.000 ngtfdi Vi^t Nam dang sinh sdng tai Dffe, dd Id mdt ydu t d r i t tiiudn l(?i cho phdt tridn hqlp tdc giffa hai nffdc.
Ngdy cdng cd nhidu DN Dffe quan tdm ddn thi Uifdng Vi^t Nam, ridng 6 thdng diu nam 2011, cd 15 dodn DN Dffc ddn tim hidu thi ti/dng Vi^t Nam dd tim kidm ed hdi diu tff vd kinh doanh. Thxfc tidn diu tff, kinh doanh tgi Vi^t Nam, nhidu DN Dffc cho bidt. hp dd gdp nhffng khd khdn, ti^ nggi bffdc diu, chii ydu Id do hp ddnh gid chffa diing vd chtfa d i y dii vd nhffng ydu td ciia thj ttiTdng Vi$t Nam, trong dd c6 nhffng khdc bidt vd vdn hod giffa hai nffdc, thidu hidu bidt tffdng tdn vd phdp ludt cua Vift Nam. Mdt vl'n dd khdc nffa Id, cd sff tdch bach giffa khdu NK vd phdn phdi hdng hod d thj tiifdng Vidt Nam, ti-ong khi d thj tii/dng Dffc tiff 2 khdu ndy Id mQt.a
ODA
Hi#n Vi$t Nam co 51 nha t i l tr0 (NTT) (trong do CO 28 NTT song phUOng va, 23 NTT da phUdng) cho cdc ChUdng trinh ODfii thudng xuy§n. Hau het cdc NTT ndy deu cd chil^n lUdc vd chUtfng trlnh hdp tdc trung han v l hdp tdc phdt trien vdi Vift Nam. Trong thdi gian qua, vi$c tiep nhan vd sii dgng nguon von ODA dUdc ddnh gia ve cd bdn id da dat hieu qua va CO tdc dpng tich ci/c ddi vdi SI/ nghidp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi va xoa doi gidm ngheo cua Vi^t Nam. Tuy nhien,
qua cdc CUQC hop k\im\