NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI
CAN DD TIEN KICH CAU VON CHO PHAT TRIEN CHAN NUOI
San xua't nong nghiep tinh ta trong nhflng nam g i n day cd sfl p h a t trien vfldt bac, nang s u a t lua lien tuc tang. Den nay, mac dfl cd cau ty le gieo cay gan 50% dien ti'ch cac gio'ng lua chat lUdng nhUng n a n g sua't lua van dat 12,5 ta'n/ha, dam bac on dinh lUdng thiic binh quan d i u ngUdi tren 480kg/nam. N g a n h chan nuoi cc toe do t a n g trudng kha, t r u n g binh 2 n a m 2006-2008 dat 7,8%, da thiic hien "nac" hoa dUdc 55%
dan ldn va "sind" boa 90% dan bb, hien dang trien khai cac mo hinh chan nuoi theo hudng an toan sinh hgc, p h a t trien ben vQng. Ddi vdi n g a n h trdng trgt, san xua't cay lUdng thiic la chinh, cay lua ddng vai trd chu dad, nhUng dien tich, n a n g sua't va san lUdng gan nhU da tdi tran, kho cd dgt pha trdng tUdng lai gan, thi nganh chan nudi cdn r a t nhieu tiem nang, ldi the nhU: la nganh cd gia tri san xua't cao, khong gian san xua't hep, co chudng trai mai che n e n it chiu anh hudng trflc tiep bdi cac yeu to'thdi tiet bat thuan; De trien khai
flng dung cac tien bg khea hgc ccng nghe, nha't la cong nghe sinh hgc; Tiem n a n g tang trUdng ve n a n g sua't, san lUdng con ldn, trong tUdng lai nganh chan nuoi se la nganh san xua't chinh co ty trgng gia tri san xua't cao hdn nhieu so vdi n g a n h trSng trgt. Tuy nhien hien tai nganh chan nuoi dang phai dd'i m a t vdi mgt so ton tai thach thflc ldn la: Gia thflc an nguyen lieu dau vac con r a t cao, do vay hieu qua san
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Nguyin Hdi Tie'n SdNdng nghiep & PTNT xuat khong cao, khong k h u y e n khich ngUdi chan nuoi p h a t trien s a n xuat; To'c do phat trien chan nuoi thie'u ben vQng, dc moi trfldng chan nuoi Iuon tiem an nhieu cac loai m i m benh nen nguy cd bflng phat dich eao; Qui mo chan nuoi gia sue gia cam hien tai chu yeu la t h u cong, nhd le va manh mun, dan xen trong k h u dan cU rat khd k h a n cho n g a n h chuyen mon kiem scat dich benh triet de va trien khai ap dung qui trinh cong nghe chan nuoi tien tien; D i u ra san p h a m bap benh, he tho'ng giet md che bien gia sue gia cam con nhieu bat cap, chu ye'u giet mo t h u cong tai hg gia dinh hoac ngay tai chd, van de ve sinh an toan thflc p h a m con nhieu vKn de can quan tam... De khac phuc nhflng tdn tai kho k h a n nay nha nUdc can Uu tien von kich c i u cho cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa n g a n h chan nuoi, dau tu mua gio'ng tot, t r a n g bi may nghien, may trgn che bien thflc an gia sue, gia d m tai cho de ha gia t h a n h san pham Day
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THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE SO 3/2009
NGHIEN cUU TRAO DOI
^ nhanh toe do qui hoach xay diing mo hinh chan nuoi tap t r u n g xa k h u dan eU, trong do cong tac qui hoach dat, giai phong mat bang, xay dflng cd sd h a tang, dien, dfldng giao thong ngi bg, he tho'ng cap thoat nfldc va xfl ly moi trfldng chat thai chan nuoi c i n flu tien di trfldc mgt bfldc. Nen chang Nha nfldc tao mgi cd che thdng thdang nha't cd the, de ddng vdh de'n tay ngUdi san xuat n h a n h nha't, ddn gian n h a t nhfl; giad quyen sfl dung dat t r a n g trai lau dai eho chu hg, dfldc tin chap da't t r a n g trai lam cd sd vay Vd'n trong suot qua trinh san xua't... Vo'n Uu dai kich c i u c i n t r a n h dan trai, nen tap trung cho eac doi tUdng la cac chu hg dang chan nuoi t r a n g trai tap t r u n g qui mo ldn, giai quyet dUdc viee lam on dinh eho nhieu Iao dgng; Cac chu hg tam huyet vdi nghe, giau kinh nghiem chan nuoi, co dau 6c quan ly san xua't kinh doanh ldn, co kha nang tiep thu trien khai cong nghe ky thuat chan nuoi tien tien. Ngoai ra can Uu tien vay vdn cho cac doi tUdng cd nhu cau hgc nghe cbSn nudi va each phdng ngfla dich benh eho gia sue, gia cam... n h u vay se can ban giai quyet dUdc nhflng tdn tai, khd khan thach tbfle hien tai. Thflc te, trcng nhflng nam qua, tren dia ban tinh da cc r a t nhieu md hinh trang trai chan nudi xa khu dan cU, nhd ap dung dong bg cae tien bg ky t h u a t chan nuoi tien tie'n nen van duy tri san xua't on dinh, co lai cao, tao dUdc nhieu viee lam chd lac dgng tai cho. T r a n g trai gia dinh anh Vu Nggc Giang thon Xuan Ciu, xa Nghia Tru (Van Giang), tren khuon vien dien tich gan 1 ha da d i u tU xay diing lOOOm^ chudng trai, thue mUdn 6 lae dgng thUdng xuyen, nudi 60 ldn nai (gidng chat lUdng cad) va 500 ldn thit, thiic hien qui trinh chan nuoi; liia chgn con gio'ng tot, tiem vac xin phong benh dinh ky, theo ddi phat hien phdng ngfla sdm cac ca the ed dau hieu mac benh, t u a n thu chat che cac qui
trinh ve sinh, tay t r u n g chuong trai, bao bg ve sinh ngUdi chan nuoi va khach ra vac trang trai, tfl dgng hda mgt so' khau san xuat, dam bao cac dieu kien ve do am, anh sang, thong gio, che do nhiet. Dae biet de ha gia t h a n h san pham va chu dgng nguon tbfle an, anh Giang da d i u tu mua may nghien, may trgn tbfle an chan nuoi va cac nguyen lieu thflc an dau vao nhU: ngo, kho d i u dau tUdng, bgt ca, bgt xUdng, mgt sd' chat khdang vi lUdng, chat khang sinh Premix... nhd vay da giam gia t h a n h chan nuci 1000 - 1500 ddng/kg tang trgng. Dang chu y toan bg chat thai sau chan nuoi deu dugc xfl ly qua h i m khi sinh hgc Bioga, lUdng khi t h u dUdc qua may phat dien chuyen t h a n h dien n a n g phuc vu san xua't tai t r a n g trai, tae mgt chu trinh san xua't khep kin ben vQng, vfla ve sinh chuong trai, tranh 6 nhiem moi trUdng, giam dich benh vfla gdp phan dang ke giam chi phi san xua't, tang hieu qua chan nudi. Bang nhflng each lam nay t r a n g trai chan nudi ldn cua gia dinh anh Giang chUa xay ra cac dich benh nguy hiem, chan nudi cd lai, trung binh gan 100 trieu ddng/nam, nam cao eho lai tdi 400-500 trieu ddng/nam. Tai dia phUdng nay edn ed trang trai ed p h i n cua anh To Nggc Kien, la mo hinh chan nuoi tdng hdp (ldn, ga tap trung) xa khu dan eU, qui md san xua't kha ldn, dau tU bai ban, khda hgc, qui trinh san xuat d day chfla dflng ham Ifldng cdng nghe cad, lad dgng thUdng xuyen eua t r a n g trai tren 20 ngUdi khdng ehi la cac Iao dgng phd thdng ma edn 1 sd ky sU chuyen nganh tfl cac trUdng dai hgc cung ve lam viec lau dai tai day. Thanh cdng tfl eac mo hinh chan nudi tap trung ap dung qui trinh eong nghe tien tie'n hien dai nay, ed the noi Uu tien kich e l u vd'n vay dau tu eho CNH-HDH n g a n h chan nudi se dat hieu qua cao.
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