TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTdNG D^jJ HQC HONG PtJ'C - S 6 40.20)8
M Q T S O C H I TIEU CHAT L^gfNG TRITNG CUA GA BAN DIA DAI LOAN THEO CAC HUdNG CHON LOC KHAC IVHAU
Nguyen Thi H u o n g ' , Lg Thi Anh Tuyet^
TOM TAT
Nghien cieu dug'c tien hdnh trin 4 ddng gd bdn dia da dug'c chgn Igc theo cdc hu&ng sdn xudt khac nhau cua Ddi Loan: Ddng gd duac chgn Igc theo hu&ng tdng khdi luang ca thi (ddng B vd S) vd dong gd duac chgn Igc theo huang tdng ndng sudt trung (ddng L2 vd D) tgi thdi diim 30, 40 vd 50 tudn tudi Kit qud cho thdy khdi lugng, chi so hinh dgng, chi so Haugh, ty le long trdng vd do cicng ciia vd tricng tic cdc dong gd duac chgn Igc theo huang tdng khdi lugng ca thi (ddng B vd S) cao han so vai cdc dong gd duac chgn loc theo huang sdn xudt trung (dong L2 vd D), trong khi ty le vo trimg vd ty le long do lgi thdp han (P<0,01). Khi tuoi de cua gd mdi tdng, khoi lugng tricng gd tdng, tuy nhiin % khdi luang vd vd dg ddy mdng vo gidm nen do cimg cua trimg gidm.
Tix khoa: Chdt luang tricng, chdt liegmg vo trung. hu&ng chgn Igc. gd bdn dia.
l . D A T V A N D E
Chat lugng tning la mdt trong nhiing chi tieu quan trpng trong viec danh gia kha nang sinh san eiia gia cam. Nd khdng nhiing quyet dinh den su phat trien eiia phdi eung nhu quySt dinh tdi chdt lugng gd con mdi nd (Tona va cdng s\r, 2003) [13] ma cdn quydt dinh ddn gia cd, Igi nhudn kinh td va thi hieu cua ngudi tieu diing. Chdt lugng tning duge xae dinh bdi eac ehi tieu nhu khdi lugng tning, chi sd hinh d^ng, chi sd Haugh, khdi lupng long trang, khdi lugng Idng dd va khdi lugng vd tning (Robert, 2004) [9]. Theo Curtis vd edng su, (1985) [5] eae gidng, ddng gia cam chpn Ipc theo cac hudng san xuat khac nhau thi ed chdt lugng tning khac nhau va ed mdi tuong quan vdi nang suat va khdi lupng tning. Do dd, khi chpn Ipc chi tieu nay thi ed the lam dnh hudng tdi cdc chi tidu san xudt khac (Falconer and Maekey, 1996) [6].
Cac gidng gd bdn dia eiia Dai Loan da duge chpn Ipe trong thdi gian dai theo hai hudng tdng khdi lupng co thg (ddng B va S) va tang nang sudt san lugng tning (ddng L2 va D). Qua trinh ehpn Ipc da ldm thay ddi tdc dd sinh trudng, khdi lupng ca thd cung nhu nang sudt tning cua ga (Tai, 2004 [11]; Yen, 2004 [15]) vd cung cd thS lam thay ddi chdt lupng triing theo cac hudng chpn Ipc khac nhau. Do do, muc dich ciia nghidn ciiu la danh gia mdt sd chi tieu chat lugng tning khi gd da duge chpn loc theo hudng san xudt thit va san xudt tning.
Gidng vien khoa Ndng - Ldm - Ngir nghiep. Truang Dgi hoc Hong Due
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TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRVitfiG B/il HQC HONG BtTC - SO 40.2018
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Phirffng phap nghien cmi 2.1.1. Doi tuang thi nghiem
Trung ga thi nghiem la hung ciia 4 dong ga ban dia cua Dai Loan da duge chon Ipc theo cac huong san xuSt khac nhau qua nhieu the h^: Dong ga L2, dong gd D duoc chgn loc theo huong tang nang suat hung, dong ga B va dong ga S duoc chpn loc theo huong tang khdi lupng co th6 (Tai, 2004 [11]; Yen, 2004 [15]; Lee, 2006 [8]). Cac dong ga nay dupe nuoi tai trang trai thuc nghiem cua khoa ChSn nuoi, Trudng Dai hoc Nong nghiep va Tai nguyen - Dai hpc Quoc gia Chung Hsing - Dai Chung - Dai Loan.
Ga thi nghiem dupe nuoi theo phuang thuc cong nghiep, su: dyng thijc an cong nghipp CO thanh phan dinh dudng nhu sau: Protein tho: 18,2%; Nang lupng trao d6i:
2760 Kcal; Ca: 4,6%; P:0,7%.
2. J.2. Bo tri thi nghiem vd cdc chi tieu nghien ciiu 2.1.2.1. Bo tri thi nghiem
Trimg ga sau khi de, dupe thu nhat vao bu6i sang sam. Sau do dupe dua vS nghien cuu tai phong thi nghiem cua khoa Chan nu6i, Truong Dji hpc Nong nghiep va Tai nguy8n, Dai hpc Qu6c gia Chung Hsing.
Thi nghiem dupe tiSn hanh khi g i de 6 30, 40 va 50 hiln tadi tit thang 6 nSm 2016 din thang 12 nam 2016.
2.1.2.2. Cdc chi tieu vd phuang phdp nghien cuu
Khoi lupng tnmg va chi s6 hinh dang: M6i hiing sau khi thu nhat dupe can dS kiSm tra khoi lupng. Sau do dupe do chiSu dai va chiSu rpng bing thuoc compa co dp chinh xac d8nO,01mni.
Mau sac cua vo trung: Mau sjc cua vo tning dupe do bang may Color reader CR 10 Operation Manual, Koniea Minolta. Sii dung he th6ng do mau sde L' a' b.
Dp Cling cua vo tning: Dp ciing cua vo tning dupe xac dinh bang may do histton measurement machine-Model-HT-8116 of HUNG TA instrument Co., Ltd.
Khoi luong long tring, long do, khdi luong v6 tning dupe can bing can di$n tu co dp chmh xac ± 0,01g vi chi si Haugh dupe xdc dinh bing cong thiic:
HU = 1 0 0 x l o g [ H - , / g P ° " ° ' " - ' ° 0 ) + 1 9 1 V 100 ' •' Trong do, HU = Haugh unit;
H = Chieu cao long hing (mm);
G = 32,2
W = Khdi lupng tning (g).
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T ^ P CHl KHOA HQC T R l T ^ G PAl HQC HONG BlTC - SO 40.2018
2.2. Xu- iy $6 lieu
Sd lieu sau khi thu thap duge xii ly bdng phdn mdm SAS (Phien ban 9.3.1) sii dung md hinh tuyen tinh tdng quat General Linear Models dd so sanh cdc chi ti8u chat lugng tning cua 4 ddng ga nghien ciiu.
2.3. K^t qud va thdo lu^n
2.3.1. Anh hu&ng ciia hu&ng chgn Igc den mot so chi tiiu chdt luang trung Mdt sd chi tidu ehat lugng tning ciia cac ddng gd ban dia Dai Loan chpn Ipc theo cac hudng sdn xuat khac nhau dupe thd hien d bdng 1. Khdi lugng, chi sd hinh dang, chi sd Haugh, ty 1^ Idng trdng vd dp eiing cua vd tning td cac ddng gd duge ehpn Ipc theo hudng tang khdi lupng ea the (ddng B va S) eao hon so vdi cac ddng ga duge chpn Ipc theo hudng sdn xudt tning (ddng L2 va D) (P < 0,01). K6t qua ndy tuong tu k6t qud nghidn eiiu ciia Curtsi va cpng su, (1985) [5], nghien eiiu anh hudng cua chpn Ipc ddn kha nang san xudt vd chat lugng tning gd, nhiing ddng ga khae nhau duge chpn Ipc theo nhihig hudng khac nhau thi chat lupng tning cung khde nhau. Nhung gidng ga hudng tning thudng ed khdi lupng tning, ty If Idng trang nhd hon so vdi cac gidng ga hudng thjt do dd chi sd Haugh ciing thdp hon. Theo Tharrington vd cpng su, (1999) [12] khdi lugng tning tang ciing nhu ty lp long trdng tang do bi anh hudng bdi chpn Ipc di truydn.
Bdng 1. Trung binh bmh phvffng nhd nhdt vd sai s6 chuan cua cdc chi tieu chdt lugng trfrng cua cdc dong B, S, L2 vd D (n = 35) Chi tiSu
Khdi lupng tning Chi so hinh dang Ty 18 long tiing Ty If long do
Ty 1? vd Chi s6 Haugh
Dp ciing Dp day vo
DVT g
%
%
%
Kgf 10-3 cm
B 51,95±0,66a 75,60 ± 0,55a 62,09 ± 0,58a 28,89 ± 0,45b 8,98 ± 0,16ab 78,26 ± 1,35a 2,79 ± 0,10a
2,95 ±0,17 S 51,70 ± 0,59a 74,54 ± 0,49a 62,02±0,51a 29,16 ± 0,39b
8,71 ± 0,14b 74,07 ± 1,18b
2,67 ± 0,09a 3,07 ±0,15
L2 45,20±0,31c 73,07 ± 0,26b 60,45 ± 0,26b 30,38 ± 0,20a 9,27 ± 0,08a 73,78 ± 0,62bc
2,22 ± 0,05b 3,25 ±0,10
D 46,47 ± 0,38b 72,24 ± 0,32c 61,21 ± 0,33ab 29,67 ± 0,25b 9,28 ± 0,09a 71,63 ± 0,71c
1,96 ± 0,06c 3,13 ±0,10
P
**
**
**
**
**
**
"
NS f'^Cdc chu cdi khac nhau tren ciing mgt hdng thi sai khac co y nghia thdng ke(P < 0,05)
NS not significant; ** P < 0,01) Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, cac chi ti^u vd chat lugng tning ddu b} anh hudng bdi tudi de Clia ga mai (bang 2). Khdi lugng va ty If Idng dd ciia trung ga tang ddn theo dp tudi trong khi khdi lupng vd, khdi lugng Idng trdng va dd day vd giam ddn theo dO tudi (P<0,05). K6t qua nay tucmg ty ket qua nghien ciiu cua Anderson va cpng sy, (2004) [1];
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRlfPNG BAI HOC HONG BlfC - S6 40.2018
Tumova, (2012) [14] va Robert (2004) [9], khdi lupng tning tang khi tudi de cua ga mai tang, trong khi chi sd vd hinh dang v i dp ciing ciia vd tning lai giam. Theo Brook va epng su, (1995) [3] ty 1? vo tning va chi sd Haugh giam khi tudi de cila ga mai tang.
BSng 2. Trung binh binh phutfng nhd nhat vh sai sS chuin ciia cac chi tieu chit l i r ^ g trirng ciia cSc ddng B, S, L2 va D theo tuSi de (n = 35)
Chi tiSu Khdi lupng tning Chi s6 hinh dang Ty 1? long tiing Ty 1$ long do Ty 1? vd Chi so Haugh Dp Cling Do day vd
DVT g
%
%
%
Kgf 10' cm
30 tuin tudi 44,27±0,27' 75,56±0,27' 61,79±0,41"
28,21±0,25' 9,49±0,10' 77,95±0,77' 2,67±0,06"
3,72±0,14"
40 tuan tuoi 49,34*0,34"
73,71±0,34''' 61,07±0,51"
29,12±0,31'' 9,03±0,13"
74,68±0,95'' 2,63±0,08*
3,21±0,17''
50 tuin tudi 52,88±0,20"
73,32±0,20' 60,88±0,29'' 31,04±0,18' 8,06±0,07' 70,68±0,54'' 2,31±0,04' 2,37±0,10°
P
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
C^Cdc chir cdi Ididc nhau tren ciing mot hdng thi sai khac co y nghia thdng ke(P< 0,05);
NS not significant; "P< 0,01) 2.3.2. Anh hudng cua do tuoi vd hu&ng chon loc din chdt luang vo trimg Dp Cling cua vd tning la mot chi tieu quan trpng cd y nghia ca vd kinh tS va ky thuat, lien quan dSn ty le dap vo trong cac thao tic nhu thu nhat tning, ddng gdi, van chuydn, bao quan, Sp tning vk ty le nd cua gia cim. Kdt qui danh gii dp eiing cua vd ttiing theo dudng cong luc tic dpng v i sv biSn djing ddi vdi eic ddng g i va theo dp tudi eho thay cd su khac nhau (P < 0,01) (bing 3). Ddng L2 v i D ed l^c tic dpng tai didm vd thip hon so vdi ddng B v i S (P < 0,05). Trimg gi de d 50 tain tudi cd luc tac dpng tai didm va thip hon so vdi trimg de d 30 vi 40 tain tadi (P < 0,05).
Ket qui nghien ciiu cua Buss, (1988) [4] cho ring dp ciing ciia vd trung giim hong qui hinh de li do khdi lupng ttiing tang hong khi luong vd hiing tao thinh khdng ddi. Khdi lupng va dd Cling cua vd trimg bj inh hudng bdi lupng Ca v i P cd hong vd (Lampkm, 1997 [7];
Blades v i cpng su, 2009 [2]) do do lupng Ca va P trong vd tning giim lim vd triing trd nen xdp, nh^ hon; lupng Ca v i P niy cd inh hudng ttvtc tidp tir khi ning thu nhan thiic an va nang suit cung nhu khdi lupng Wmg. Dp ciing eua ddng L2 v i D (chon Ipc theo hudng tang nang suit ming) thap hon ddng B v i S (Chpn Ipc theo hudng sin xuit thit) cho diiy cd mdi toong quan giiia dp ciing vd tiling v i ning suit tiling.
Tudi de cua g i ed anh hudng ro ret ddn dp ciing eua vd triing. Theo Roland vi cpng sir, (1976) [10], su giim dd cimg cua vd tning theo tudi de do qua trinh tang khdi lupng Clia trimg. Brook v i cdng sir, (1995) [3] cho ring nhiing tiling dupe de ra tir nhftng ga cd tadi de cao hon thi cd do diy cua ming tning thip hon so vdi ga ed tadi de it hon do do dp Cling se thip hon.
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TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlfONG B » I HQC HONG BlTC - S 6 40.2018
3. KET LUAN
Khdi lupng, chi sd huih dang, chi sd Haugh, ty le Idng tring vi dp ciing eiia vd tning ta eic ddng gi dupe chpn loc theo hudng ting khdi lupng co th6 (ddng B va S) cao hon so vdi eic ddng ga dupe chpn Ipe theo hudng sin xuat tning (ddng L2 va D), trong khi ty le vd tning va ty le long dd lai thap hon.
Khi tadi de ciia gi mii ting, khdi lupng tning ga tSng, nhtmg % khdi lupng vd va dp day mang vd giim nen dp ciing cda tning giim.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Anderson, K. E., J. B. Thamington, P. A, and F. T. Jones (2004), Shell characteristics of eggs from historic strains of single comb White Leghom chicken andthe relationship of egg shape of shell strength, L Poult. Sei. 3: 17-19.
[2] Blades, J. L. S, J. L. Maclsaac, D. R. Korver, and D. M. Anderson (2009), The effect of calcium source particle size on the production performance and bone quality of laying hen. Poult. Sei. 88: 338-353.
[3] Brooks, J. and H. P. Hale (1995), Strength of the shell of the hen's age, Natiire.
London 175:848-849.
[4] Buss, E.G (1988;, Correlation of egg shell weight with egg weight, body weight and percentage of shell. Page 3448-350 in. Proceedings of the 18* World's Poultry Congress, Japan.
[5] Curtis, P. A., F. A. Gardner, and D. B. Mellor (1985), A comparison of selected quality and compositional characteristic of brown and white shell eggs, I. Shell quality. Pouh. Sei. 64:297-301.
[6] Faleonor, D. S.and T. F. C. Mackay (1996), Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4 ' , edi. University of Edinburgh. Scotland.
[7] Lampkm, N (1997), Organic poultry production. Final report to MAFF, National Institote of Poultry Husbandry Harper Adams Agricultaral College.
[8] Lee, Y. P (2006), Taiwan Country chicken; A slow growth breed for eating quality. Pages 121-132 in: Proceedings of Symposium 2006 Scientific Cooperation in Agriculture between Council of Agriculture (Taiwan, R.O.C.) and tostitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), 7-10 November, Tainan, Taiwan
[9] Robert, J. R (2004), Factor affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens, J. Poult. Sci.41:I61-177.
[10] Roland, D.A (1976), Recent developments in egg shell quality, Feedstuffs. 48:
31-32.
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T ^ c m KHOA HQC TRtTdNG D ^ HQC HONG BLTC - SO 40.2018
[11] Tai, P. S (2004), A study on the genetic variability of egg production traits in Taiwan Country chicken. Master's thesis. National Chung - Hsing University, Taiwan.
[12] Tharrington, J. B., P. A. Curtis, F. T. Jones, and K. E. Anderson (1999), Comparison of physical quality and composition of egg from historic strains of single comb white leghorn chicken. Poult. Sei. 78: 591-594.
[13] Tona, K., F. Bamelis, B. De Ketelaere, V. Bruggeman, V. M. B. Moraes, J.
Buyse, O. Onagbesan, and E. Deeuypere (2003), Effects of storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality, and chick juvenile growth. Poult. Sei. 82:136-1^1 [14] Tiimova. E., and C. Gouts (2012), Interaction of hen production type, age, and
temperature on laying pattern and egg quality. Poult. Sei. 91: 1269-1275.
[15] Yen, C. J. (2004), Comparison of follicle growth rate and oviposition lapse among commercial Taiwan Country chicken, selected Taiwan Country chicken and Single-Comb White Leghorn. Master's thesis. National Chung - Hsing University, Taiwan.
S O M E E G G Q U A L I T Y T R A I T S O F T A I W A N L O C A L C H I C K E N S EV D I F F E R E N T T E N D E N C Y S E L E C T I O N S
Nguyen Thi Huong, Le Thi Anh Tuyet ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in 4 lines of Taiwan local chickens for different tendency selections; For meat production (line B and S), for egg production (line L2 and D) at 30, 40 and 50 weeks of age. The results show that egg weight, shape index. Haugh unit, egg white percent (%) and eggshell strength from the line selected for meat production (line B and S) was significant higher than the one selected for egg production, while shell percent (%) and yolk percent (%) were lower (P<0.01). As the hen age increased, their eggs increased in size but without increase in the weight of egg shell. In addition, the shell membrane thickness also decreased, therefore, the egg shell breaking strength decreased at older age.
Keywords: Egg quality, eggshell quality, tendency selections, local chicken.
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