132 II T R U a N G BAI HOC THLI B O HA NOI
Sir DUNG TRO CHOI HOC TAP GOP PHAN NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOC UCH SD 01 TIEU HOC
Le Thuy Mai' Trudng Bgi hoc Thii do Hd Noi
Tdm tdt. Su dung tro chai hoc tap trong gid hoc Lich su Id viec ldm quen thudc cua nhieu gido vien, nhung su dung hieu qud phuang phdp ndy gdp phdn tgo hung thii, phdt huy tinh tich cue nhdn thue ciig hoc sinh la vdn de khdng dan gidn. Xudt phdt tir yeu cdu thuc tien cita viec day hoc not chung vd day hoc mon Lich sua Tieu hoc noi rieng, bdi viet de cgp, chia se mot sd bien phdp cu the nhdm ndng cao hieu qua ciia su dung trd chat hoc tdp.
Tiekhoa Tro choi hoc tgp, lich su, tieu hoc
l . M d D A U
Vcri tu each la mot mon Idioa hoc, Lich su co vai tro quan trong trong viec giao due nhan each hgc sinh. Lich su chinh la thay day ciia cuoc song, la tam guang soi cua muon dai, giup hoc sinh co y thuc giir gin ban sac van hoa va ke tue sir nghiep each mang eua dan toe trong cong cuoc xay dung va bao ve dat nuae. Tuy nhien, ban chdt eua mon hoc nay gan lien vai cae m6c thai gian trong tien trinh lich sir, nen viec lam no s6ng lai trong nhan thiic ciing nhu &i cae nhan vat, su kien hien len mot each chan thuc, sinh dong d6i voi hoe sinh Tieu hoc la dieu khong don gian. Ben canh do, thoi lugng danh cho mon hgc nay eon it, loi day hoe truyen thong "thiy dgc tro ehep" cung lam hgc sinh nham ehan, khong muon hoc.
Viec sit dung tro chai hgc tap trong tilt day Lich sit la diSu khong moi ddi voi mot giao vien, nhung viec nang no len thanh mot kT nang va gay himg thu cho hgc sinh trong qua trinh hgc la mot vin da khong don gian. Thitc tiln day hgc a Tiiu hgc hien nay cho thay, da so giao vien eon gap kho khan trong qua trinh day hgc mon Lich su. Nhilu giao vien chua nhan thiic dung dan vl hieu qua cua viec su dung tro chai hoc tap, chua nim dugc quy trinh sii dung tro chai hgc tap nen chdt lugng mon hgc nay con thSp. Vl phia hgc sinh, eac em khong thich hgc mon Lich sir vi cho rang do la mon phu, khong quan trgng.
' Nhan bai ngay 13.01.2017; giii phan bien, chinh siia va duyet dang ngay 20.02.2017 Lien he tac gia Le Thuy IVIai; Email Itmai@daihocthudo edu.vn
TAF CHI KHOA HOC - SQ 13/2017 || 133
lai cd qua nhidu mdc thdi gian va sir kien khd khan, khd nhd. Vi vay cac em khong hmig diu trong hpc tap hoac chi hpc qua loa ddi phd. X u i t phat tu yeu c^u thirc tien cua viec nang cao chat lupng day - hpc ndi chung va mdn Lich sir d Tiiu hpc ndi rieng, viec siJ dung trd chcd hpc tap trong day hpc Lich sir trd nen c§n thilt. Bai viet xin chia se mdt sd ho choi hpc tap gdp ph4n nang cao hieu qua day hpc Lich sir d Tieu hpc.
2. NQI D U N G 2.1. Khai niem
Trd chai la hogt dgng bdy ra di vui chai, gidi tri [7, tr.l037]. Tro chcri thudng cd chu dh, CO npi dung nhat dinh, co nhiing quy djnh bupc ngudi chcd phai tuan thii. Tro chcri hpc tap la trd choi co npi dung gan vdi hoat dpng hpc tap cua hpc sinh. Tro choi hpc tap cd the dupe to chiic trong khuon kho mpt tiet hpc, ciing co the to chiic qua cac buoi sinh hoat ngoai khoa, hoat dpng ngoai gid len Idp.
Sii dung tro chcri hpc tap la hinh thuc to chiic day hpc ma trong dd, hpc sinh Iinh hpi dupe cac kien thiic can thiet nhd tham gia tich cue vao cac hoat dpng cua trd chai. Vdi mon Lich sii d Tieu hpc, trd choi hpc tap chiia cac npi dung kien thuc Lich sir lop 4, 5;
dupe the hien d mot khau nao do trong qua trinh day hpc nham muc dich dan dat. hinh thanh kien thuc mdi, cung cd, on luyen npi dung kien thiie da hpc cho hpc sinh. Noi each khac la chuyen ndi dung kien thiic ciia bai hpc Lich su thanh cac nhiem vu hpc tap thong qua tro choi va each thiic chcri de ITnh hdi tri thiie eiia bai hpc.
Nhu vay, trd choi hpc tap trong day hpc Lich su hieu theo nghia hep la tro choi do giao vien to chuc trong khuon kho mdt tiet hpc Lich su dua theo phan phoi chuong trinh de phuc vu cho viec linh hpi tri thiie lich su ciia chinh tiet hpc do. Hieu theo nghia rpng, thi day la hinh thiic td chiic trd choi vdi npi dung lien quan den cac tri thirc lich sii; co the ia tro chcri duac td chiic khi cae em tham gia mot buoi ngoai khoa, tham quan rapt di tich lich su, hoac cung co the la tro chai ciia cac phan thi trong cuoc ihi tim hieu ve lich su dupe to chuc trong pham vi nha trudng.
2.2. Y nghia ciia viec su' dung trd choi hpc tap trong day hoc Lich sir
Da cd nhieu nghien cuu khang dinh vai tro. hieu qua ciia viec su dung trd chai hpc tap trong viec nang cao chat luong day hpc Lich su. Phuong phap na}- gdp phan lam tang himg thii, tmh tich cue chii dpng cua hpc sinh trong qua trinh hpc Lich sii cung nhu ni§m yeu thich mdn hoc nay cua cac em, cu the nhu sau:
Thic nhdt, trd chcri hpc tap giup cac em thay ddi hinh thuc, phuong phap day va hpc truv^n thdns. lam cho gid hpc bdt cang thang, tao cam giac thoai mai cho hpc sinh.
13^ II TRLTdNG SAI HOC THLI S O HA NOI
Thic hai, trd chai hpc tap ren luyen them kT nang sir diing ban dd, lupc do, ve sa do, hinh thanh ki nang lam viec nhdm, bdi thuc tl cho thiy, khong it trd choi cd lien quan den cac kinang sir dung ban do, lupc do, sa dd.
Thu ba, tro choi hpc tap con kich thich hpc sinh van dung kiln thuc, sir nang dpng, ren luyen tri nhd, phat hiln kha nang phan doan, suy luan. Tir dd, phat trien hr duy ddc lap, hoc tap each xir ly thdng minh, cac tinh hudng phuc tap, tang cudng kha nang van dung trong cudc sdng.
Thic tu, tro chai hpc tap phat triln cho cac em cac pham chat dao dire, tinh each, kT nang nhu: tinh nhanh nhen, tinh doan kit, than ai, sir phdi hop nhip nhang, long trung thuc, tinh than trach nhiem... Qua tro chai, ngoai npi dung kien thuc cac em ITnh hdi dupe, day cdn la ea hpi de cac em tu hoan thien minh.
2.3. Nguyen t5c sir dung tro choi hoc tap trong day hoc Lich su- Ve phia gido vien:
Giao vien phai co kiln thue vung vang, thudng xuyen trau ddi vdn hieu biet ve Lich sir ciia ban than. Ben canh do, giao vien cUng can nang cao nhiing kT nang td chiic tro choi Lich sir cho hpc sinh Tieu hpc.
Doi vdi tirng bai day Lich sir cu the, giao vien nen van dung sang tao cac hinh thirc tro chai, khong nen dap khudn, may moc. Trong qua trinh td chuc trd chai, giao vien co the chen them cac bai nhac soi ddng, cac hieu ung am thanh de trd chai them phan hap dan.
Trong ke hoach bai day Lich sir cd sir dung trd chai, giao vien phai chuan bi chu dao ke hoach day hpc, du kien cae budc tien hanh, dy kien cac tinh hudng cd the xay ra, thiet ke tro chai vira loi cudn hpc sinh, vira phii hpp vdi npi dung, muc tieu kiln thiic bai hpc va dieu kien nha trudng, dia phuang.
Khuyen khich, dpng vien dong dao hpc sinh tham gia trd choi, dac biet luu y tdi nhimg em nhiit nhat.
Giao vien can phan bo thdi gian hpp ly de khong anh hudng din tiln trinh len Idp;
kiem soat hpc sinh, tranh tinh trang hpc sinh choi gay mdt trat tu, dn ao, anh hudng tdi cac Idp xung quanh.
K.et thiic tro chai, giao vien can danh thdi gian de khen ngpi, bieu duong nhirng ca nhan, tap thi tham gia tich cue va choi cd hieu qua,
Ve phia hgc sinh:
Hpc sinh can chuan bi tit theo yeu cAu ciia giao vien (yeu cau tim hieu trudc budi hpc;
yeu cdu ve luat chai, each choi...). Khi choi, hoc sinh can phai tuyet doi trung thuc, doan
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 13/2D17 135
ket, khdng an gian; giu tinh thdn "thing khong kieu, bai khong nan", tranh midng hop hieu thang, qua coi trpng k i t qua thing, thua, cd thai dp cay cii vdi ddi phucmg h-ong khi choi.
Sau khi k i t thuc mdi trd choi, dudi su hudng ddn cua giao vien, hpc smh can phai biet tu danh gia, nhan xet, nit kinh nghiem cho ban than va ghi nhd cac kiln thiic can thiet.
2.4. Mot so trd choi hoc tap gop phSn n a n g cao hieu qua day hoc Lich su- fr Tieu hoc
Can cir dac tnmg mdn hpc va dac dilm tdm Ii cua hpc sinh Tieu hpc, cd the xay dung dupe he thong cac tro choi rdt phong phu va da dang, vdi nhieu ten gpi, muc tieu khac nhau. Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chung toi de cap mot sd trd choi mang tinh khai quat, de dang ap dung d nhieu dia ban, nhieu tiet hpc Lich sij d Tieu hpc, cu the la:
Nhdm trd choi khdi dpng: trd choi biic tranh bi mat, trd chai truyen tin.
Nhdm tro chai kich thich hpc tap: trd choi nac thang Lich sir, trd choi dien lup^c do trong.
Nhdm trd choi kham pha tri thiic: tro choi nha dien kich tai ba (ho choi dong vai).
Nhom trd choi dn tap kien thiie: trd choi doan chir, trd choi 6 chir bi mat, trd chai nha sir hpc ti hon, tro choi do vui ve nhan vat Hch sir.
Dudi day la mpt so vi dii ve cac tro chai:
+ Tro chai: Bite tranh /dnh bimat
Ndi dung: Hpc sinh lan lupt tra ldi nhung cau hoi ve kien thiic cii, md ra biic tranh khai quat npi dung bai hpc mdi. Trd choi nay yeu cau hpc sinh xau chuoi dupe ndi dung kien thiic cua cae tiet hpc trudc. Tir dd, giao vien cd the ket noi dupe vdi kien thiic mdi sap hpc.
Chudn by. Giao vien chuan bj he thong cau hdi, biic tranh bi mat cho moi dpi chai. Du kien cac tinh huong xay ra de giai dap thac mac ciia hpc sinh. Giao vien thiet ke tro choi lat md tranh tren Power Point.
Phd biin lugt chai: Hpc sinh chpn va lan lupl md cac mieng ghep, sau khi giao vien dgc cau hdi, cac dpi se suy nghT nhanh de gianh quyen tra ldi, tra ldi dimg dupe cong diem va mpt phdn biic anh bi mat se duoc md ra, sai khdng bi trir diem va dpi khac cd quyen tra ldi. N I U khdng dpi nao tra ldi diing, mieng ghep do se khong dupe md ra. Giao vien mdi mpt hpc sinh lam trpng tai, mot hpc sinh lam thu ki tinh diem cho tro choi.
Td chiec trd char Hpc sinh cac dpi tham gia choi theo luat da phd bien, tra ldi het cac cau hoi, biic tranh/anh bi mat dupe m d ra.
136 II TRUclNB BAI HOC THCI B D HA NO]
Tdng kit tro chai: Giao vien tong ket diem, cdng b6 dgi chiln th5ng. Sau do, giao vien ket noi cac su kien va gioi thieu biic anh / tranh bi mat.
Vi du: Trg chai "Buc dnh bi maf dugc tg chiic a dau tiSt day Bdi 23: Sdm set dem giao thira [2, tr.49]. Giao vien ciin chuto bi 4 ciu hoi nhu sau:
- Cdu 1: Cuoc tiln cong ciia quan ta nam 1968 dien ra vao thai diSm nao, tai sao quan ta lai chon thM diem do?
- Cdu 2: Sau don bit ng6 TSt MSu Than, thai d5 ciia MI nhu thS nao?
- Cdu 3: Nam 1972, MT 6 at nem bom huy diet Ha Ngi trong bao nhieu ngay dSm?
- Cdu 4: Tai sao chiln thing cua qu&i ta nam 1972 tai Ha N6i lai dugfc ggi chien thang lich su "Dien Bien Phu tren khong"?
Sau khi thuc liiSn cac buoc cua tro choi, biic tranh bi mat se dugc hien ra chinh la Ll kl Hi6p dinh Pari 1973. Giao vien t6ng ket tro chai va ket noi kien thiic, m6f r6ng vl biic anh nay.
+ Tro choi: Truyen tin
Ndi dung: Cac dgi thi truyen tin voi ngi dimg la nhung cau hoi liSn quan din kiln thiic trong bai moi. Trong tiet hgc, co va tro se ciing giai dap cac caiu hoi do.
Chudn bi: Giao vien chuin bi cac "thong di$p" dl cac dgi truyin tiu. Y6u ciu cac
"thong diep" CO do dai tuong duong nhau, mSi thong diep la mot c4u hoi hen quan din n6i dung cua bai hgc; nhihig bang giay de dan ngi dung cau hoi len bang phu.
Pho biin lugt chai: Em diu tiSn cua timg day len nhan "thong diep", ghi nha chinh xac timg tir ngQ trong "th3ng diep" do. Khi co hiSu lenh "Bit diu!" cua giao viSn, cac em se chay ve noi nho vao tai cua ban 6 ban ngay dudi sao cho nhOng ban xung quanh khong nghe thay. Cac em tiep tuc truyin tin xuing cull day. Khi nhsin dugc "thdng diep", ban cuoi ciing cita day gia tay va noi "Xong!". Day nao nhanh nhit va truyin chinh xac "thong diSp" se la day chiln thing. Moi 1-2 hgc smh lam trgng tai.
Td chuc chai: Giao viSn ggi ban ban diu cua mgi day len nhin "thong di6p" va hgc thuoc ngi dung "thong diep". Giao vien bit diu cho hoc smh truyin tin. Cac em lin lugt tmySii tm tir ban diu cho din ban cull ciia day. Sau khi hgc sinh truyin fin xong, giao vi6n yeu cau nguoi cu6i day noi to "thdng diep" minh nhan dugc; so sanh voi. thong diep ban dau xem chi'nh xac hay khdng. Giao vidn gin nhiing "thdng diep" (ciu hoi) do len bang, tdng ket trd choi, toyen bd day thing cuoc, vao ngi dung bai dl lin lugt giai dap cac cau hdi tren.
+ Trd Choi: Ndc thang lich sir
^ Ndi dung: Hgc sinh dua vao thdng tin trong sach giao khoa vl hilu biit cua ban thin, dien hep siic nhung thdng tm vio cac nic thang Ijch sur. Nic thang nao sai se khdng dugc tiep tuc tinh dilm nQa.
TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SQ 13/ZD17
1 137
Vi du: Trd choi "Ndc thang lich sty' dugc ap dung vao hogt ddng 1: Thdi ca cdch mgng trong Bdi 9: Cdch mgng miia thu [2, ti.l9].
Muc lieu: Qua trd choi, hgc sinh n i m dugc thdi co Hch su ciia each mang miia thu nam 1945; kich thich hgc sinh tun hilu va ghi nhd thdng tin trong sach giao khoa; tao siic hiing thu cho tiet hgc.
Chudn bi: Giao vien chuin bi "nic thang lich sir" va 2 bd the tir, mdi bd gdm cac tir ngii nhu sau:
Ddi J Su kien lich sit Bdi 2 Cac cuoc khdi nghia dien ra d nhung thanh pho nao?
Nhat dau hang dong minh vao thdi gian nao?
Nhat dao chinh Phap vao thdi gian nao?
Quan Nhat keo vao xam lupc nirac ta vao liic nao?
Cuoi nam 1940
HaNoi
Ddp dn:
- Quan Nhat keo vao xam lupc nude ta vao liic nao? (Cudi nam 1940) - Nhat dao chinh Phap vao thdi gian nao? {3/1945)
- Nhat dau hang ddng minh vao thdi gian nao? (8/1945)
- Cac cudc khdi nghia dien ra d nhijng thanh phd nao? (Hue, Sal Gon, Ha Ndi) Thdi gian chai die tinh: 3 - 4 phut
Tiin hdnh trd chai:
- Giao vien yen cau hpc sinh dpc tham thong tin d phan chir nho trong sach giao khoa Lich su vd Bia li 5, tr.l9) trong vdng 2 phiit, chii y ghi nhd cac su kien quan trpng
- Giao vien chia Idp lam 2 day va phd bien luat chai: moi day gpi 4 hpc sinh len tham gia tro chai, gan cac the tir vao vi tri dung trong ndc thang lich su, gan lan lugt tir dudi len tren, thi gdn theo hinh thiic tiep sire (em thir nhdt len gan, quay ve dap tay vdi em thii 2 va em thir 2 tilp tuc len gan, cii nhu vdy den het). Moi nac thang gan diing, diroc 10 diem, neu sai, cae dap an ben tren khong dupe tinh nira.
- Giao vien mdi 1 - 2 hpc sinh lam trpng tai.
138 II T R U d N G BAI HOC THLI BO HA NDI
- Giao vien tdng kit tro choi, cong bd dpi chien thang, ket luan nhimg kien thirc quan hpng ve thdi ca lich su cua Cach mang Viet Nam nam 1945.
+ Tro chai nha diin kich tdi ba (tro chai ddng vai)
Noi dung: Giao vien cho hpe sinh tim hieu trudc su kien lich su trong bai hoe va dong vai theo diing bdi canh lich sir do.
Vi du: Trd chai "Nhd diin kich tdi ba" duac ap dung trong hoat ddng 2: Chien dich Hd Chi Minh lich sic vd cudc tiin cdng vdo Dinh Ddc Lap trong bdi 26. Tien vdo Dinh Doc Idp [2, tr.55,56]
Muc diu: Thdng qua tro choi, hpe sinh hieu dupe su vi dai, tam quan trpng cua cuoc t6ng tiln cong gidi phdng miln Nam th6ng nhat nhat nude. Hieu duac tinh the ddu hang vo dilu kien eiia Duong Van Minh; thay doi khong khi tiet hpc; kich thich sir hung thu ciia hpe sinh trong gid hpc.
Chudn bj-
• Ve phia giao vien:
- Giao nhiem vu tir budi trudc cho eac td, yeu cau cac em dpc bai, dua vao thong tin trong sach giao khoa va tap dien xudt canh Duong Vdn Minh, qudn ddi vd chinh quyin Sdt Gdn ddu hdng khdng diiu kiin. (sach giao khoa Lich sir va Dia 11. tr.56);
- Du kien cae tinh hudng, cdc thac mac ciia hpc sinh de giai dap cho cac em; chudn bi he thdng cau hoi sau phdn dien xuat ciia hpc sinh.
• Ve phia hpc sinh:
- Dpc trudc npi dung trong sach gido khoa Lich sii va Dia li, tr.56.
- Tap dien xuat, chuan bi nhung dung cu phuc vu viec diin xudt (nlu cd thi).
Tien hdnh trd chai:
- Gido vien gpi 2 - 3 nhdm tren tinh thdn xung phong, dien xudt canh Duong Van Minh, qudn dpi va chinh quyen Sai Gon ddu hang khdng dilu kien.
- Giao vien cho ca Idp nhan xet, binh ehpn nhdm dien kich tai ba nhdt.
Tdng ket Pd chai: Giao vien nhan xet phdn chudn bi va dien xudt cua cac nhom, kit luan ve diin bien cua chiln dich Hd Chi Minh lich sir, dua ra cdu hoi cho ca Idp:
- Sir kien qudn ta tien vao Dinh Dpc Lap thi hien dilu gi?
- Tai sao Duong Van Minh phai ddu hang vo dilu kien?
- Gid phiit thieng lieng gidi phdng miln Nam, nude ta hoan toan dpc lap la liic nao?
+ Tro chai: Bd vui vi nhdn vat, su- kien lich sd.
h'gi dung. Giao vien suu tdm va dpc cac cau dd, cdu tho, cdu van viit v l cac nhan vat, sir kien lich sir tieu bieu dl hpc sinh doan xem dd la nhan vdt, sir kien lich sii nao.
T A P C H I K H O A H O C - S D 1 3 / 2 D 1 7 || 139
Trd choi nay, giao vien cd t h i td chiic cho hpc sinh choi trong cac tilt ngoai khda hoac gid smh hoat lap. Giao vien ldn luat dpc cau hdi d l hpc smh giai dap, hoac thilt ke thanh ho choi Chgn sd tren Power Point (hpc sinh chpn timg s6 va md ra cac cau do ve nhan vat lich su), hoac trd choi Hdi hoa ddn chit.
Mpt sd cdu dd v l nhan vat, su kien lich su:
1. Vua ndo mat sdt den si?
Vua ndo trong thud hdn vi d chiia?
(Ld nhimg ai? - Vua Mai Hdc Be (Mai Thuc Loan) vd vua Ly Thdi Td) 2. Bd ai tren Bgch Ddng giang,
Ldm cho cgc nhan doc ngang sdng ngdi Phd qudn Nam Hdn tai bdi Cricam thdn ddc lap giua trdi vang len?
(Ld ai? - Ngd Quyen) 3. Do ai ndi sdng sdng, rimg
Dd vui Hdm Tic lgi mieng Chuang Duang Vdn Don cudp sgch binh luang Ndi Bdng mgi phuc chgn dudng giac lui?
(La ai'' - Himg Dgo Vuang Trdn Quoc Tudn) 4. Mudn cho nude mgnh ddn gidu
Tdu vua xin chem hdy ddu mgt ddn Mu cao do rgng khdng cdn Lui ve dn chon ldm san mot minh?
(Ld ai? - Chu Vdn An) + Tro chai: Nhd sd hoc ti hon
Ndi dung: Trd choi nha Sir hpc ti hon md phdng lai chuong trinh Rung chuong vdng tren VTV3. Npi dung cac cdu hdi lien quan den cae nhdn vdt, su kien lich sir. Tro choi nay CO the to chirc trong pham vi cac tiet hpc ngoai khoa.
Mi,ie tiiu: Thay doi khong khi hpc tap, giiip cac em co budi hpc ngoai trdi bo ich va li thu. Cung cd kiln thirc Lich sii lop 5 cho hpc sinh Tieu hpc.
Chudn bi:
• Ve phia giao vien
- Giao \ ien chudn bi he thong cau hoi, ddng ho dem ngupc tinh thdi gian tra ldi. ke lai ban ^hl sao cho hop li, bd tri cho ngdi de hpe sinh kho nhin thdy ket qua ciia nhau.
U P II TRUdNG BAI HOC THU B O HA NOI
- Du tinh cac trudng hop xau ve thdi tiet, cac phuang tien ho trp: den tin hieu, may chieu, am thanh,...
- N p i dung cdu hdi:
1. Ai la ngudi sang lap ra Dang Cong san Viet Nam? (Bac Hd)
2. Bac Hd dpc Bdn tuyen ngdn ddc Idp tai dia diem nao d Ha Ndi? (Quang trudng Ba Dinh)
3. Chien dich Dien Bien Phu dien ra nam nao? (1954).
4. Cuoc Tong tien cdng va noi day Tet Mdu Than dien ra nam nao? (Nam 1968) 5. Can cii dia nao duac xem la "md chdn giac Phap" vao nam 1947? (Viet Bac) 6. Chien dich bien gidi thu - dong dien ra vao nam nao? (1950)
7. Chien dich nao ket thuc cudc khang chien chdng MT cim nude? (Chien dich Ho Chi Minh)
8. Nude Cdng hda Xa hpi chii nghTa Viet Nam dupe chinh thiic mang ten tir nam nao?
(1976)
9. Chien dich Dien Bien Phu tren khdng di^n ra d dau, khi nao? (Ha Npi - 1972) 10. Con dudng huyet mach noi lien Bac - Nam trong khang chien cua dan tpc cd ten la gi? (Dudng Trudng Son hoac dudng Hd Chi Minh)
• Ve phia hpc sinh
- Chuan bi bang con, phan trdng, khan lau bang - On tap lai kien thuc lich sir lap 5.
Thai gign chai du kiin 20 - 25 phiit.
Tiin hdnh trd chai -
- Giao vien on dinh chd ngoi cho hpc sinh theo vi tri dir kiln va ph6 biln luat choi: Co 10 eau hdi lien quan den kien thirc lich sir Idp 5. Sau khi gido vien dpc cdu hoi, cae em co 20 gidy de viet dap an vao bang con. Khi cd hieu lenh tra ldi, cac em gio bang con da ghi ddp an ciia minh. Em nao co dap an sai, bj loai ra khdi san chai, cac em tra ldi dung tilp tuc den vdi cau hdi tilp theo. N l u chua hit 10 eau hdi ma khong cdn em nao ngdi lai sdn choi, cac giao vien cd quyen cuu tra. Sau khi ciiu trp, cac em tilp tuc trd chai. Ai trd ldi het eac cau hdi dupe phong danh hieu Nhd su hgc ti hon.
- G i a o vien to chiic tro choi. phdi hgp vdi cac giao vien khac trong trudng dilu khiln he thong trinh chieu cau hoi, quan sat eac ddp an tra ldi cua cac em. I n djnh, kilm soat sir cdng bang cua tro choi; tham gia vao tro choi d l cuu trp cdc em.
- Tong ket phan thi, trao phdn thudng cho hpe sinh chien thang.
TAP CHI KHOA HDC - SD 13/2017 141
3. K E T L U A N
Nhu vdy, cd t h i khdng dinh rdng su dung frd choi hpc tap trong day hpc Lich sir la viec lam cdn thilt. Ddy dupe xem nhu mot phuong phap huu ich nhSm tao sir hao hiing, soi dpng cho gid hgc Lich su. Trong gid hpc, trd choi chinh la dieu kien can de cac em linh hpi tti thiic lich sir tdt hon. Bk td chirc thanh cdng mdt tro choi hpc tap ndi chung va trong gid day Lich sir ndi rieng, giao vien phai chuan bi kT ke hoach bai hpc, du kien cac tinh huong CO the xay ra de giai quyet hpp li va nhanh chdng. Giao vien ciing phai thiet ke trd choi khoa hpc, hieu qua, tao himg thii hpc tap cho hpe sinh. Co nhu vay, viec sir dung trd chai hpc tap mdi thuc su gdp phan nang cao hieu chat luong day hpe mdn Lich sir.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Marzano, Debra J. Pickermg, Jane E. Pollock (2005), Cdc phuang phdp dgy hoc hieu qud, Nxb Giao due. Ha Ngi.
2. Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Lich sic vd Bia li 5, Nxb Giao due.
3. Nguyen Thi Coi (Chu bien) (2011), Cdc con dudng, bien phdp ndng cao hieu qud dgy hgc Lich sic a trudng phd thdng, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham.
4. Nguyen Thi Bich Hong (2014), '"Phirong phap sir dung tro choi trong day hpc'\ Tgp chi Khoa hoc Dgi hgc Suphgm Thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh (54), tr.174-178.
5. Phan Ngpc Lien (Chiiblen) (20\2), Plnrang phdp dgy hoc Lich sic,^^^ 1, 2, Nxb Dai hpc Supham.
6. Nguyen Tuyet Nga (Chu bien) (2008), Tro chai hoc tap mdn Lich sir xd Dia li 4.5. Nxb Giao due, 2008.
7. Hoang Phe (Chii bien) (2000), Tic dien Tieng Viet, Tmng tara Tir dien hpc, Nxb Da Nang.
8. Nguyen Thi Than (Chu bien) (2015), Gido trinh Phuang phdp dgy hoc cdc man hoc ve Tu nhien vd Xa hdi, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham.
S O M E S U G G E S T I O N S T O I M P R O V E T H E E F F E C T I V E N E S S O F U S I N G L E A R N I N G G A M E S IN T E A C H I N G H I S T O R Y
A T P R I M A R Y S C H O O L S
Abstract Using learning games in teaching History is familiar to many teachers.
However, in order lo use this method effecliviely aiming lo inspire and promote positive perceptions of students is a difficult matter. Based on the practical requirements of improving the quality of teaching and learning in general and leaching and learning History in primaiy in particular, this article melions and shares some solutions lo improve the effectiveness of using learning games.
Keywords. Learning games. History, primary.