TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHB, Tnidng Dai hgc Kiioa hoc - DH Hui Tgp 7. S6 2 (2017)
TIEU THUYET NGON TINH TRUNG QUOC: DON NHAN HAY DAO THAI?
Le Thj Ngpc Tram
Khoa Ngir vdn, Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hgc Hui Email: [email protected] T O M T A T
Tieu thuyet ngdn tinh Trung Qudc id mgt thi logi dang dugc cong chung vdn hgc ddnh nhieu sy quan tdm, ddng thdi cSng dgt ra nhiiu cdu hdi bd ngd. Bdi viit su dung ly tht^it tiip nhgn di phdn tich, binh gid tieu thuyit ngdn tinh tir cdc khuynh hudng tiip nhdn cda dge gid Viit Nam. Dua trin S{r ly gidi sdc hap ddn cSng nhu nhiing mgt hgn chi cda tieu thuyit ngon tinh, bdi viit gdp phdn ddnh gid dung gid tri vd dinh hudng sifphdt triin cda trdo luu van hgc ni^ ddi vdi cdng chung vdn hgc Viit Nam.
Tit khoa: ly thuyit tiip nhdn. tieu thuyet ngon tinh Trung Qudc, vdn hda doc.
M O D A U
Thang 9/2015, Cyc Xuat ban ed lenh tgm dflng xuat bdn nhihig tmyen ngdn tinh Tmng Qudc. Trade thdng tin nay, ed hai quan diem ddi nghjeh nliau. Mgt sd y kiln bay td sy nhat fri, dong tinh vdi quyet djnh ciia co quan chflc ndng vi cho rdng loai tilu thuyet nay lam phuong hgi din dgo due, van hda dan tpc, "dau dge" tam hdn cua bgn dge, nhat la ban dge fre tuoi bang nhimg ehuyen tinh sudt mudt, phi thye te. 0 chilu nguge Igi, cd y kien cho rang vile dflng phat hanh dl biln tap, chinh sua thyc chit ta cim, la vi phgm cac nguyen tic xuit ban va dnh hudng din quyln hudng thy vdn hda ciia ddc gia. Dau la cau tra Idi thda dang eho vin dh nay? Ly tiiuylt tiip nhdn cho phep nghiln cuu ngdn thtii frong qud frinh dge ciia ddc gia: ve klidi dilm (tim ddn nhan, d$ng CO tiip nhan), diln bien eung nhu hilu qua ciia qua trinh tiep nhgn van hge.
Nhin tfl khuynh hudng tdn duong ciia ban dge, ngdn tinh mang nhftng gia tri can duge khang djnh. Tfl khuynh hudng lugn tpi, ngdn tinh thflc tinh nhiing van dl cdn dugc nhin lai.
NOI DUNG
L Truyen ngon tinh Trung QuIc va su- phii hgp vdi tam ddn dpi ciia ngudi doc Xuit hiln day dge tgi eac nhd sach hiln nay Id nhiing cudn sdch ngdn tinh vdi nhung cai ten diy "mdi ggi", gdn nhan best-seller, tde gid an khach, sach ban chay.... Tieu thuyet ngdn tinh la nhihig cau ehuyen ve tinh ylu, da sac mau, du cung bae. Day la mgt trao luu sang tac van hge eua eac tac gia fre Tmng Quoe, xudt hien each day khoang 10 nam. Cae tae gia viet ngdn
77eu thuyit ngon tinh Trung Qudc: ddn nhgn hay ddo thai?
tinh nli tilng cd thi ke din nhu Tdn Di 6, Dong Hoa, Tao Dinh, Cd Mgn, Dudng Thit Cdng Tii, Dilp Lgc Vd Tam... Djeh gia Trang Hg da mang Xin ldi em chi Id con dicua nha van Tao Dinh vao Viet Nam (2006), dilm td cho bd mdt van hpc mdt thi logi mdi. Tfl do, hogt d^ng djch tiiugt va xuat ban ngdn tinh diln ra mgnh ml, mang Igi doanh thu. Dilu gi da tgo nin sire hut ciia ngdn tinh ddi vdi gidi tre?
Vi^c ddn nhgn tieu thuyet ngdn tinh Trung Qudc tbI hipn sy rdng md frong giao luu van hda, sy cdi md frong cac quan ni^m van chuong. Song frong thdi dgi dk cao ty do ca nhdn, gidi hgn tiip nhdn eua dge gia da ed sy thay ddi. Van de tinh dye dugc nhin nhgn theo hudng khdc, ngudi ta thdnh that ddi mat va giai quyet nhiing vin de thugc vl nd, bdi "khdng ed gi thupe vl con ngudi ma xa la vdi tdi"( Marx). Ngdn tinli di eung vdi nhung "kilu yeu" hipn dgi, vi vdy nhdn dugc sy ddn nhgn eua ddc gia Vipt Nam. Dl sdng va sinh sdi frong c$ng ddng vdn hpc, ngdn tinh bilt gdy chii y frong phuang thuc luu hdnh. Sy phat trien eua tmyIn thdng vd eac phuang frpn thdng tin dgi ehung gdp phan khdng nhd tao nin "con lie ngdn tinh". Van hpc mang - mgt kenh tieu thy Idn - dua ngdn tinh den gan vdi ban dge bdng eac fanpage, blog nhu:
ngontinhcom, loidich.com, yfielrmd.com, tuthienquoc.wordpress.com... dang tai tmypn ngdn tinh Trung Qudc cho phep ngudi dge duge giao luu vdi tdc gid, dl ddng thi hipn y kiln qua eac binh luan cdng khai, duge tham gia kien tgo tae pham... Nlu xem tdc pham van hgc la nhimg dua eon tinh thdn cua tde gia, thi ngdn tinh ehinh la nhiing dfla con thdn thien vdi ngudi dge.
Sy hudng flng itiiilt tutii cfla ban dge cung la minh chiing eho vipe tilu thuylt ngdn tinh Trang Qudc da thda mdn dugc tim ddn nhan cua cdng chung Vipt Nam: gidi fre. Cdng chiing fri thudc nhilu thanh phan xa hOi va nghe nghilp kliac nhau nhung deu td md, thich khdm pha, thich mo mOng va tim kiim than tugng; cd xu hudng tiip e§n vdi cae van de tinh dye, tam ly, gidi thiing, cac hiln tugng gay shock. Khdng nggc nhiln khi ngdn tinh dac bilt thu hut doe gid nfl. Neu nam gidi thudng thieh nhiing eau chuypn giao chien, thi ddu thi thao, silu anh hiing,...
thi nfl gidi thich nhftng cau chuypn tinh cam tinh tl, nhftng kieu ylu duong Idng man. Ly giai sy bdp ddn cua tilu thuyet ngdn tinh, khdng thi phu nhan sue hut tu bdn thdn tdc phdm ddi vdi gidi fri. Cdc tae gia ngdn tinh cl ging khdng tao ra khodng cdch thim my gifla tac phim vd ngudi dge. Trin CO sd ndm bit thj hilu, tam l^ eua nhdm ddc gid ndy, tde gid ngdn tinli thudng viet ra nhflng tde phim thda mdn frinh dp, nhu ciu cua hg. Tam ly dam ddng, sy lay Ian frong tiip nhan eung ehinh la m^t yeu td khien ngdn tinh phdt friln vdi toe d^ chdng mat.
Ve de tai, ngdn tinh dap liiig kip thdi nhihig mdn an tinh tiian eua gidi fri bang nhung cau chuyln ve tinh ban, tinh ylu, gidi tinh, tuli fre, sy tmdng thanh, cuge sdng hdn nhan,...
Trayen ngdn tinh rat da dgng, cd den hmi 50 tilu logi tmypn ngdn tinh vdi rat nhieu mang de tai: ddng cd dgi (ndi chuyln ngay xua), ddng do thj hipn dgi (ndi chuypn hi^n dai), dong xuyen khdng (nhdn vgt tfl thdi hi^n dgi thudng sau mdt tai nan, bdng nhien thay minh quay ve qua kh6 cd xua), ddng vdng du (ndi chuypn tinh online tren mgng). Gidi tre cd ddi song tam ly da dgng, that thudng: liic budn, liic vui, khi hao hung, khi lo au, khi sang khoai,... Ngdn tinh ddn diu cac tam thi tiip nhgn cua ban doe bdi d dd cd dii eac mdn "hgp khau vj" de thda man ngudi dpc.
Kilu tmyen siing danh cho nhihig dge gia ua thieh nhihig eau chuyln nggt ngao lang man, ddc
TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHB. Tmung Dai hgc Khoa hgc - DH Hui Tgp 7, So 2 (2017) gia chudng nhiing cau ehuyen tinh frdc trd cd the dpc ngitac, nhihig tac pham the logi hdi lai giup bgn dge giai tda rtiiung cang thing, ap lyc... Nhu vay, ngdn tinh hudng tiida man dugc sy ddi hdi ve vipe tai tgo lai cdi dep quen thude, xac nhgn nhiing earn xiie than thilt, thua nhgn nhihig mong udc tudng tugng.
v l mat nghi thugt, ngdn tinh la mgt "mdn an dl tieu hda". Ngdn tinh thudng dugc kl theo mpt frinh ty mach lac, ro rang vdi mgt edt trayen de hieu. Cac tac gia ngdn tinh chu y din vile tgo ra nhung sy kiln, tinh huong hap dan, gia tang eac yeu td: M, hdi, dge, so'c,...thay vi mang den mgt each viet dac sac. Van hda dai ehung dem den nhieu hinh thflc giai fri, dge biet la sy phat frien eua eac loai hinh nghe, nhin. De "cgnh franh" vdi nhihig phuong tien iy, tilu thuylt ngdn tinh tap tmng xdy dyng nhihig cdt tiaiyen dien anh vdi nliieu finh tilt thgt gay cin.
Rit nhilu bg phim tao nin can sdt frIn man dnh Hoa ngu nhu: Bin nhau tron ddi, Yeu em tir cdi nhin ddu tiin (Cd Man), Hay nhdm mdt khi anh din (Binh Mac), Nhdt ky ldy chdng cua Tiin Da Da (Nhan Hai Tnmg)...
Cac tac pham ngdn linh thudng na na nhau d cae motif hay dugc vilt theo mdt khung sdn cd. Tdt nhiln, dd la nhiing motif duge bgn dpc mong dgi. Dd Id nhflng cdu chuyln ke vl khoanh khac gap nhau - ylu nhau - hilu lam - chia xa - doan ty cua nhiing ddi tinh nhan. But phap tuong phan, ddi nghjeh cflng thu phap phdng dgi duge sfl dung nhu mpt each tgo ra sy bat ngd, mdt each de khac hga khung canh dilm II. Klidng viet vl nhftng mdi tinh mdn dang hg ddi, ngdn linh ke vl sy lich pha: ngudi giau sang, ngudi ngheo hen. Tinh ylu cua hg lien tyc gap sdng gid nhung hg vugt qua dl din vdi nhau. Dac bilt, hudng den ddc gid nft, cae tae gid ngdn tinh tiiudng dgt nhan vgt nu vao vj fri trung tdm vd de cho cudc sdng cua nhan vat nam nhu vl tinh xoay quanh eai tmng lam ay. Ket thuc cfla ngdn tinh thudng ed hgu. Cau chuyen tinh yeu gifta chdng hoang tu Thieu Minh VT dep frai tdi hoa va nang heo eon be bdng Kieu An, ngdy tho nhiit nhat la mdt cau chuypn tinh yeu nhe nhang, ISng man va vd cung hai hude eua Hit Nhiln Chi Gian (Chi yeu cdy keo bdng nhd). Kit ciu ngdn tinh nham hudng den sy viln man, trude sau nliu mdt ciia tinh yeu. Phai chang khdng phai lang man, kjch tinh, bay bing ma chinh sy thiiy ehung frong tilu thuylt ngdn tinli mdi hut ddc gia nhilu din the?
Mgt dge dilm nfla khiln ngdn tmh frd thanh "best- seller" nim d chit lieu xay dyng tac phim: ngdn ngfl. Van phong cua ngdn tinh liie gian dj, khi dilm le nhung deu dl hilu, gin vdi khau ngft. Dge ngdn tuih vi vgy ed tiie dge mdt mach ma khdng bi vip vap, ddi khi khdng can dung din ly tri dl phan ti'ch, cit nghia. Khdng khd dl tim thiy "nhftng dinh lugt tinh yen ma ngdn tinh day ban", "nhiing can ndi nen dge khi tiiat tinh",... de chilu Idng nhimg bgn fre dang loay hoay di tim ldi giai cho nhiing vin dl mudn thud ciia tinh yeu. Tac phim cua hg vi vay la mgt san phim cua fri thdng muih chfl khdng phai nhihig biln ddng cua mdt sd phdn.
Tfl eit nghia ngdn tinh d gia fri hien than cung nhu frong qua frinh tiip nhgn, ed till kit luan ngdn tinh thugc vl van hda dgi ehung, van chuong ngoai bien. Chat lugng nghp thuat, chflc nang thim my, giao due eua van hgc ro rang bi tilt giam dl thay vao do la ehue nang giai fri.
Tieu thuyet ngdn tinh da dap ling dugc nhu cau giai tri, nhit la frong thdi dai ma con ngudi
77eu thuyit ngon tinh Trung Quoe: ddn nh$n hay dao thai?
ngay cang frd nin bgn rdn, ap lyc, chgy dua vdi thdi gian. Q dd gidi tri duqfc khda lip nhihig ude mo, thda man nhftng tam ly thudng nhgt Tren thyc tl, da cd nhilu cay but ngdn tinh tao dugc phong each riing, khing dinh dac tmng cua ngdn tinh - mgt trao luu van hge duong dgi - dk mang din nhftng tae phim cd gia frj, tao nen sy da dang, sdi ddng eho hogt ddng van hgc ndi chung. Dd la nhftng tac phim cua Tdn Di 6 : Anh cd thich nude My khdng?, Anh trdng khdng hiiu long tdi, Cho anh nhin vi em... vdi ngi dung khd sdu, thudng khic hpa dam net nhftng mli xung dgt gifla tmh yeu vdi hon nhan, tinh yeu vdi Iy tudng va hodi bao eua tuoi tre... Tmyen ciia Cd Mgn Igi mang din eai nhp nhang, im ap, khoi ggi dugc nhiing cam xuc nggt ngdo vl Idng chung thuy, qua Bin nhau tron ddi, Tdi nhu dnh duang rue rd. Neu Dong Hoa cd the manh vi mieu ta tam 1^ nhan vat thi Phi Nga Tu Tdn lai mang din mgt each vilt kha gin vdi ngdn ngfl diln dnh, giau hinh dnh va cdm xuc.
2. Truyen ngdn tinh Trung Quoe nhin tir nhung gidi han
Ngdn tinh da chflng td nliung dilm uu vipt eua the logi doi vdi ddi sing van hda duong dgi. Nhung thye tl eho thdy, day Igi la mgt hipn tugng van hgc "hay it, dd qua nhilu" (Bdo Tudi Tre). Vi vgy, ngoai sy tan duong, ngdn tinh cung vap phai sy phan ling cua dge gia; tfl de biu, che bai cho den len an. Ngdn tinh xuat hipn frong eac danh gia, bai bdo bdng nhiing cdi tin khdng may ml mieu nhu mgt logi tilu thuyet "ba xu", van chuong ddc dugc: "Logn sdch ngdn tinh" (Ngudi Lao Dgng), "Tiiu thuyit ngdn tinh Trung Qudc: Rde hay khdng rdc?" (An ninh the gidi), "Sdeh ngdn tinh Trung Qudc dang ddu doe gidi tre VN" (MOt till gidi), "Dinh dge"
vi...truyin ngdn tinh 7r«77ggwdc "(Ddi sdng va Phap luat)... Khdng till lam ngo tmdc sy lin at cua tilu thuylt ngdn tinh ddi vdi cac diu sach gia tri. Nha van Trang Hg eho bilt, chj eung hoan toan khdng ngd din sy phat frien nhanh chdng ciia thj trudng dich sdeh ngdn tinh d Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, sue anh hudng vd nhu cdu dge tilu thuylt ngdn tmh la rdt Idn. Thyc tl cho thdy, nhiing euln sach ban chgy khdng phai bao gid eung la nhiing tae pham cd chat lugng nghe thudt cao. Thuc nii PK xd hpi den (Thuan Gian Khuynh Thanh), Chuy4n cU (Ljch Xuyen), Bdy ngdy dn di, Trd chai nguy hiim (An Tam), Chd em lan nhe dupe khdng, Dpng phdng hoa ehuc cdch vdch (Dilp Lgc Vd Tam),... la nhung bdi chudng bao d^ng vl sy xudng cap cua ddng tieu thuylt ngdn tinh. Cang ddng bdo ddng lion khi ngdn tinh dang ddn anii hudng tryc tiip din nhdn thflc, suy nghT, quan diem ve tinh ylu, quan he hdn nhan cua ngudi dge. Nhin ngdn tinh tfl sy phdn khang, quy tdi ciia bgn dge, "con ldc ngdn tinh" thyc sy dat ra nliihig van de can- nhui- Igi.
Ngdn tinh hay thi gidi do? Xet tac phim frIn moi quan h$ gifla van chuong - hien thyc, ngdn tuih dgt ra vin dl gifla hu eau eua tae gia va nhan thuc thye tgi eiia ngudi dge. Van chuong la n ^ p thuat eiia hu eau, tudng tugng. Nhung chung ta cin phai phan biet rd sflc tudng tugng, hu cau cfla nha van vdi nhihig eau chuyen bja dat hodn toan. Van hgc chdn chinh hu ciu, tudng tugng fren co sd chdt lgc nhiing gi tinh tiiy nhdt cua ddi sdng vd tudn theo nhflng quy luat ciia ddi song xa hgi, quy luat ciia diln biln tam li eon ngudi. Nghia Id dung cdi vd ly de ndi eai hgp ly. Ngdn tinh diy ray nhiing dilu "vd ly. Cudn Du tinh eua tae gid An Tdm mieu ta nhan vat nfl luat su tai gidi, sdc sao khi bi quiy rli tinh dye nhilu lin lai dem Idng yeu ngudi quiy roi minh. Hay Anh trai em gdi cua nha van Tao Dinh kl vl tmh yeu don phuong diy dau khd cua
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CQNG NGHB, Tm^g Bgi hgc Khoa hgc-DH Hui Tap 7, So 2 (2017) Mai Mai danh cho chinh... anh trai minh. Dudng nhu ngdn tinh da bit chip, xem nhp cdi hgp ly: dgo ddc, cac ludn ly xa hgi, quy luat tam ly. Dd khdng phai la sy lac quan hda frong ndi dung ma chinh la sy vd nguyen tae trong hu cau. Tieu thuylt viln tudng duge xem la thi logi hu eau, tudng tugng mgnh ml nhit. Nhung Jules Verne, tac gid cudn Hai vgn ddm dudi bien phdi dya vdothanh tyu khoa hgc ty nhiln the ki 19 dl sang tao ra thuyin trudng NImd vdi con tdu ngam Nautilus trfl danh. Hu eau, tudng tugng trong ngdn tinh cdn dgt ra van de: ty do hay de dai trong sang tao van hgc. Mgt si tac gia ngdn tmh da nham lan gifla ty do va sy tiiy tien ea nhan. Nlu ty do cho nha van di din tgn eiing eua sy tudng tugng vd sy biln do eua ngdn tfl thi sy tuy tien tiip tay eho nhd van din sau vao sy ich 1^, phi y thflc vd phi thim my. Phai chang tae gia ngdn tinh ddi khi "ich ki" khi cim biit ehi de chieu Idng ddc gia?
Sy If eh ehuin vl quy tie sang tao - nguyin tie hiln thye dan din sy lech ehuin frong hipu qua tiip nhan ciia dge gia. Khdng it nhihig euon ngdn tinh da tgo ra mdt the gidi ao, ra ngu bgn dge. Thay vi hudng con ngudi din Chdn - Thien - My, ngdn tinh Igi tgo ra nhihig mdng mu§i, ngd nhan, do tudng cdc gid trj thudc pham trii dao dfle, van hda. So sanh ngdn tinh Tmng Quoe vdi "ngdn tinh kilu Phap" duong dai qua cac tac gia Mare Levy, Guillaume Musso,... cd thi nhgn ra mOt vai dilm tuong ddng vd khac bilt. Tdc phim tinh cdm cua Marc Levy kit hgp vdi dk tdi da dgng nhu frd vl tudi tho, dl tdi chiln franh (trong tac phamiV/wJwg dua con cua tu do, Niu dupe Idm Igi), tinh ban, chd dl nhdn quyln (Chdng vd ndng)... Neu van hpe phuong Tay dugc kiim duyft m^t cdch kha chat chi trude khi vao Viet Nam thi ngdn thtii Tnmg Qudc xam nhgp mdt each khdng kiim soat, bit chap.
Nlu hu ciu gin liln vdi nhiing hi luy vl nhan thue eua gidi fri thi yeu td sex, ylu td tinh dye frong tilu thuyet ngdn tinh Trung Qudc lai gan lien vdi van de tdm sinh ly, van de gidi tinh cua dge gia. Rit nhilu nhiing tilu thuylt xuit hipn mdt each ddm dac va thd thiin nhung chi tilt mui mdn, thdm ehi mgnh bgo vd dung tue trong md ta ti'nh due. Nlu tae pham vdn hgc ddc hai mOt each lg lilu dl ngan chgn thi loai dge hgi dugc che day kheo leo, Idng ^ e p , "mua dim thim Idu" lai rit khd kiim soat. Cd thi kl din bg he lilt tilu thuylt 10 chuong cua cae tae gid Van Nhgc, Tfl Nguypt; hay nhiing pha sex tao bao frong tilu thuylt Diep Lgc Vd Tdm...
Chim trong cupc yeu eua tac gia Thanh Ylu mieu ta ddi song tinh due diy eye doan, bien thai cua Dugt Tdn. Vi sao canh ndng, yeu to H (Hentai), sy md ta boat ddng ti'nh giao lai frd thanh mgt gia vi khdng thi thieu dl "che bien" mdt eau chuyen ngdn tuih hodn hao? Theo cae chuyen gia tdm ly, cdi gi cdng la, cang cim thi gidi fre cang mudn tim hieu, khdm pha. Dac biet, lira tudi ndy dang phat friln vl sinh ly, td md v l cam xiie gidi tinh nin nhiing cdnh ndng trong ngdn tinh dge bilt cudn hut. Cd y kiln cho ring gidi phi binh da qua kbit khe vdi tilu thuylt ngdn tinh, bdi nhilu kipt tac van hge the gidi viet cdn dfl dpi, bgo lilt han the. Lolita cua Vladimir Nabokov ndi vl iu ddm fri em. Rimg Nauy (Hamki Murakami) dl cap den ddi sdng quan he nam nft eua sinh viln Nhgt Ban. Sex gan nhu la mpt ehu dl xuyen suit tdc phim. Vgy dau Id dilm phan biet gifta tilu thuylt sex thuin tuy va mpt tac phim nghe thugt? Hieu qua tiip nhgn eua bgn dge la cau frd Idi thuylt phuc nhit. Trjnh Lft khi danh gia vl Rimg Nauy cho ring tilu thuylt da bit ngudi dge nhan thuc duge sy ngu xuin cua mgi dam tinh vd "giup gidi fre (vd cd
Tliu thuyit ngon tinh Tmng Quic: don nhin hay ddo thai?
nhiing ngudi khdng cdn fre nfta) nhdn ra eai cao cd theo nghia trilt hgc va ty nhien eua tinh ylu". Khdng klid de nhgn ra nhiing cdnh sex frong ngdn tinh chi don thuin gift vai frd mieu ta.
Bdi viet vl sex nhu mgt each chilu chugng dOc gid, ngdn tirtii khiln ngudi doc thda man thay vi thue nhgn. Mdt sy thda man mang tinh bdn nang thay vi hudng din nhiing cam xuc phat triln tdm hdn. Chdng chenh giiia ngudng cfla fri eon - ngudi Idn, khdng thilu nhiing dge gia ngdn tinh bj kich thich dan din tinh trgng yeu duong nhing nhit, chdng vanh, nhihig hdnh ddng thai qua, thilu suy nghi, ndng ndi. Ben cgnh dd, ylu t l tinh due kit hgp vdi ylu td "ki" frong ngdn tinh tgo nhflng cau ehuyen ndng bong, thda man ngay ea nhflng kilu tdm li cd phan "bien thai"
eua dge gid nhu su dd luyin (tinh ylu thay trd), dam m^ (tinh ylu ddng tinh nam), hu nfl (nir thich dam my),... Tu do, mdt bO phdn gidi fre ung hg, tham ehi ylu thieh mdi quan hp ddng tinh nam, keo theo dd la sy ngg nhan gidi tinh, sy bdt chudc. Den mgt muc dg nao dd, tac ddng tieu eye eiia ngdn tinh Id vipe danh mat bdn thi eiia mdi ngudi.
Ngdn tinh cdn phdn anh mgt van de khac niia, dd Id sy hinh tiianh van hda, thi hiln a each sfl dyng ngdn ngu va vipe tdn thd thin tugng cua gidi fri. Tmdc hiln tugng do, nhd van DiLi cho ring: "TmyIn ba ngdn ngu la trayen ba van hda. Dge trayen diing nghT Id gidi tri don thuin, do la sy hinh thdnh tu duy". Vdi vipe su dyng ngdn ngfl "ngpt den tflng dm tilt", sin sdm, uy mi hay ngdn ngfl qud trdn tnii, de dai; ngdn tinh dang dan khien ngdn ngfl ty hgn che kha nang bilu hien. Ngdn tinh ed ca hi thing "thuat ngft" rieng. Nhiing ki hipu, cdch ggi: 419. 52, dnh mat trdi thy/ cdng, dn cam mim,... di vao ldi dn tieng ndi eua nhihig eon nghiln ngdn tinh, tao nen thdi quen sfl dyng ngdn ngfl cfla mdt bd phan gidi fre mgt each "ty nhiln" va "cd chu y".
DOc gid nfl - ddi tugng chinh eiia ngdn tinh - ty xung minh la "thyc nft", "sic nft", "trach nii",
"hie thj thyc nft". Dich gid Dao Bgch Lien eho bilt, Bp hp kinh tdm (ingt ban dich ki cdng va nghilm tiic) bi dOc gia xem la qua thuan Vipt - vd chj khdng thi djch Viet hda hon. Cd thi tiiay mflc dg "ngam" Han vdn eua dOc gid ngdn tinh thye sy rat cao.
v i n dl dinh hudng thin tugng frong gidi fre eung la mgt van de ddng duge quan tam, bdi "T^Jgudng mg thin tugng la mgt net dep van hda nhung me mudi thin tugng lai la mdt tham hga"(Dl till Dai hgc mdn Van khdi D nam 2012). Gidi tre hiln nay tiiin tugng ai tiirdc thyc trang khdng it cdc ban fri chgn ngdn tittii ldm "sach gdi dau giudng"? Giao luu eua tdc gid Dipp Lac Vd Tdm tgi Hd NOi vd TP HCM diu tiidng 4 len eon sit frong cOng ddng gidi fre, nhdt la hang loat trang ham mO fren mgng xa hdi Faeebook. Khan phdng ddng nghet dge gia Id hge sinh, sinh viln. Gidi tri ngay nay khdng ngihig "hhih tugng hda" cdc cd nhan, va nhihig nhdn vat nay hoan toan triing khdp vdi hinh anh cdc "mJ nam", "my nft" hodn hdo trong ngdn tinh. La mpt fan - girl ngdn tinh, bin khdng ai ehua lin mo tudng din nhiing "soai ea" nhu Ha DT Tham (Bin nhau trpn ddi-Co Mgn) - mOt luat su thanh dat, ehung tinh; Tieu Ngi (Yiu em tit cdi nhin ddu tiin - Co Man) - mOt tiiiln tdi may tinh, Hdn Thgc Trin (Dong lang cdng ehdm) - dai ca xa hOi den nhung ea ddi sdng chit vi mgt ngudi con gdi... Cd rtiiilu cuon sdch ngdn tinh dl cao vSn hda Dgi Hdn, van hda Hoa Hg, xem nhp, mipt tiij van hda cac nude khae. MOt so lugng khong nhd ngdn tinh duge xay dyng dk ml mudi dge gia tiiay vi hudng hg den sy ngudng md tiian tugng, den vice nang hg Iln mOt gidi ban mdi.
TAP CHl KHOA HOC vA CONG NGHB, Tmdng Dai hgc Khoa hoc - BH Hui Tap 7. So 2 (2017}
Dge gia tieu thy sdch nhilu nhit tai Viet Nam hiln nay thude vl gidi fre: dO tudi nhgy cam nhimg eiing vdi vdng, bdng bdt, thilu tflng trai, thieu chin chan. Ngudi dge ngdn tinh dang dan "fre hda". Lilu vdi sy non not, nhdm bgn dge tilm nang nay cd du sue dl khdng de ty ve tmdc nhimg "lech ehuin"?
3. Tieu thuyet ngon tinh Trung Qudc: ddn nhan hay dao thai?
Tu hai khuynh hudng tiep nhdn, ngdn tinh da the hiln duge nhiing gia trj, vai frd eiing nhu nhflng ban chi vd hilm hga din ddi sdng van hgc duong dgi Viet Nam. Vgy, dau la xu hudng phdt friln cua ngdn tinh frong tiidi gian tdi?
Dl trd Icri eau hdi nhfle nhoi ay khdng the khdng djnh Igi gia fri vdn hgc cua tilu Ihuyet ngdn tinh. Vi dl cao chflc ndng gidi In nin ngdn tinh mang nhftng dac dilm cua vdn hgc giai fri.
La mdt the logi van hgc thj tmdng, ngon tinh ed nhftng tae pham chat lugng cao va cilng cd nhung thu khd chap nhan, an tiieo. Van de dgt ra la can ed nhiing giai phdp giam thilu tdc dgng xau tu ngdn tinh. Nhat Id sy xuong cap tram frgng eua frao luu nay hipn nay. H a y vi Iln an, ehung ta hay eung dilu chinh thj hilu eho dge gid qua nhiing phuong tien tiidng tin dgi chiing.
Cf dd, eai duge va ehua duge cua ngdn tinh deu duge neu len sdng phang, khach quan. Hoat dOng ra soat, xfl ly eac diu sach vd bo, tuyen tmyen loi sdng trdi vdi thuan phong my tyc cua Viet Nam di kem vdi vile Iln an nliiing kieu kinh doanh frIn bdn nang con ngudi, kiim duylt boat dgng djch thugt, nhat la nhiing djch gid khdng chuyln, ty phdt si giiip ngan chan, dao tiiai tu tudng lech Ige, thilu tinh thim my cua nhflng cudn sach ngdn tinh nham nhi. Bgn dge eung chinh la ylu td ddng vai frd dinh hudng gia tri tae pham, djnii hudng sang tae ciia nha van.
Ngudi dge cin phai tim din nliifrig eai hay frong traypn de nang minh len, lam eho eon ngudi minh thanh cao hon, sdng ed y nghia, dep hon. Chinh logi ngudi dge nay la doi tugng ly tudng nhit ma nha van tam huylt cin hudng tdi. Ddng tiidi hg eung thiie ddy sy phdt friln cua vdn hgc, vi hg ludn ludn ddi hdi nha van nang cao fruih do nghe thuat khdng ngimg.
Tiip nhgn ngdn tmh cung phan anh mgt cau chuyen Idn hon do la van hda dge. Ngoai thim djnh lai gia trj eua tilu thuylt ngdn tinh, can djnii hudng lai gia trj cua van hda dge. Khi cdng chung vdi thj hilu dl dai se rit ngai, rit khd tiep can cdc tae phim kinh diln. Vdy, ddy Id sy xudng cip cua vdn hda dge hay la sy bao hipu eho mOt van hda dge kieu nidi? Dl djnh hudng van hda dge, cin Idm rd vai frd djnh hudng cua nha phi binh va vai frd tiep nhan cua ddc gid.
Phi binh van hge dugc xem la mdt logi tiip nhan dge biet. Nha phe binh vdi sy sanh sdi, tinh tl frong cam thy nghe thuat dac biet nhay cam vdi nhirng tac phim nghi thuat dich thyc, dat cdc hiln tugng nghe thudt dich thyc vao vj tri xung ddng cua chiing. Vi vgy, cac nhd phe binh can len tilng, thi hien nhung phdn tich, binh gid mang tmh khoa hgc dl djnh hudng cho bgn dge, dac bilt la ddi vdi nhihig "con mgt" ngdn tinh. Ddng thdi, de den gdn hon vdi nhiing tinh hoa van hgc, ban dge cin ling nghe nhiing "ggi y" tu nhiing nha phe binh ed uy tin chuyln mdn.
Ngudi dge ddng vai frd vd eung quan frgng frong van hda dge cua mgt qudc gia. "Ndi eho tdi euln sach ma ban dge, tdi sS cho bgn biet ban Id ngudi nhu the nao" (phdng theo cdu ndi
77eu Uiuyet ngon tinh Trung Quoe: (Kn nh$n hay d3o thai?
eua Miguel de Cervantes), vi vgy, dge sdch nin tim nhihig cudn "khd" hon so vdi hilu bilt ciia minh de ty minh vugt len nhiing tam tu tudng mdi. Dieu nay cd le gidng vdi quan dilm ctia Joubert: "Ta khdng bao gid frd nen thdng thai dugc nlu chi chju dge hay chju hpe nhihig gi ta ua thich ma thdi", khi xa hgi khdng lam tdt vai frd "bO lgc" thi bgn dge se phai lam "ngudi tieu dung thdng minh".
KET LUAN
van hge trong nude, dudi sy tac ddng cua loi viet ngdn tinh, cho ra ddi nhieu tac phim an khach nhu: Ngudi yiu cQ cd ngudi yeu mdi (fris Cao); Anh se yeu em mdi chU (Gao); Yiu ngudi yeu ngudi ta (Gia Doan); Yeu di rdi khdc (Hamlet Tmong)... Day ciing la mgt hien tugng danh dugc sy quan tam khdng it eua cdng ehung van hpe, lipu trao luu ay cd frd thanh "ngdn tinh kilu Vilt Nam" hay khdng? Ngdn tinh la mgt frao luu van hgc khdng thi nim ngoai quy luat sinh tdn cua ddng chay van hgc. Neu tilu thuyet ngdn tinh Trung Qudc ggn Igc duge nhflng dilm ylu, nang cao chat lugng thi se ty nd vugt qua duge sy thoai frao. Neu ddng van hpe nay van ngang nhiln nhung hien tugng tra hinh, an theo, xuIng cdp fram trgng thi ngdn tinh se bi dao thai ra khdi ddi sdng van hgc. Cau hdi: ddn nhdn hay ddo thdi ngdn tinh Tnmg Qudc phai chang nin dl lai cho thdi gian tra ldi?!
TAI UpJ THAM KHAO
[1]. Tran Dhih Sfl (1999). "Li thuylt tiep nhan vd phi binh vSn hpc", Tgp chi Sdng Huang, so 124 (tiidng 6).
[2]. Bich Ngpc (ting hgp). "Tilu thuylt ngdn tinh Tnmg Qudc vd nhiing hilm hpa khon ludng", Bdo Ddn Tri (thdng 5 nSm 2014), http://danfri.com.vn/van-hQa/tieu-thuvet-ngon-tinh-tmng-quoc-va- nhung-hiem-faoa-khon-luong-1401601739.htm
[3]. Do Mai Quyln (tong hgp tu cdc trang mgng Trung Qudc). "Ndi khdng voi ngon tinh Trung Quoe, dupe khdng?", Bdo Tudi Tre ( thdng 4 nam 2015), httpj^tuoitre.vn/tin/van-hoa-giai- tri/2015041 l/noi-khong-voi-ngon-tinh-duoe-khong/732389.html
[4]. Tiki. r/-w>'enngd«r/nAitJrtcAa)', https://tiki.vii/bestsellers/ngon-tinh/cl521 [5]. Phgm Quang Trung. Vdn chuong-Doc vd viit. http://sites.google.com/site/pqtrungdIu.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHB. Tmdng D^i hgc Khoa hgc - DH Hui Tap 7, So 2 (2017)
C H I N E S E L O V E N O V E L : A C C E P T O R E L I M I N A T E ?
Le Thi Ngoc Tram
Department of Literature. Hue University College of Education Email: lethingoctraml402@gmailcom ABSTRACT
Chinese love navel is one of the favorite genres which are attracting society's attentions.
Also, it leaves many unexplainable questions due to its negative effects. The article uses approach theory to analyze and give meaning/ill thoughts fi-om approach tendencies of readers. By rationalizing the popularity and the limit of Chinese love novels, the article contributes to revalualing and navigating the potential pathways for the development of this literature trends towards Viemamese readers.
Keywords: Approach theory, Chinese love novel, reading culture.