KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
IMGHIEIM C L n j DAIMH G I A T H O A I H O A D A T
TilVH
D A K IVOINJG VUIVG T A Y IVGUYEIMNguy§n Quang Hpc', NguySn Bi Lim\ Nguyen Quang Huy' T6MTAT
Danh gia 606.364 ha dat cua tinh Dak Nong viing Tay Nguyen CO dien tich thoai hoa la 551.430 ha, gOm thoai hoa nang 31.205 ha, thoai hoa trung binh 242.760 ha va thoai hoa nhe 277.465 ha. Trong do, dat bi kho ban nang la 6.088 ha, kho ban tnmg binh la 426.762 ha, dat bi kho ban nhe la 111.419 ba. Dat bi suy giam do phi nang la 39.965 ha, dat bi suy giam do phi trung binh la 75.736 ha va dat bi suy giam do phi nhe la 237.470 ha. D^t bi xoi mon manh la 4.192 ha, dat bi xoi mon bung binh la 63.642 ha va dat bi xoi mon nhe la 485.546 ha. Dat bi k^t von nang la 653 ha, dat bi ket von trung binh la 198 ha va dat bi ket von nhe la 631 ha. Dat san xu^t nong nghiep co 346.424 ha bi thoai hoa, chiem 95,99% dien tich dat san xuat nong nghiep, gom: thoai hoa nang 24.858 ha, thoai hoa trung binh la 156.193 ha va thoai hoa nhe la 165.372 ha. Dat lam nghiep co 196.997 ha bi thoai hoa, chiem 84,01% dien tich dat lam nghiep. trong do, thoai hoa n§ng co 5.770 ha, thoai hoa bnng binh co 82.010 ha, thoai hoa nhe co 109.218 ha. Dat nuoi trOng thiiy san khOng tdng bop thoai hoa. Dat nong nghiep khac co 273 ha hi thoai boa, chiem 100% dien tich dat nong nghiep khac. Dat doi nui chua su dung co 7.737 ha bi thoai hoa, chiem 98,45% dien tich dat doi mil chua su dung, trong do thoai hoa nang 577 ha, thoai hoa trung binh 4.557 ha va thoai boa nhe 2.602 ha.
Tir kh6a: Tlioai hoa d^t, tinh Dak Nong, Tay Nguyen, suy giam do phi, xoi mon, ket von
1 . BAT VAN BE
Thoai hoa dat la qua trinh dat bi thay doi nhiing dac tinh va tinh chat vdn co ban dau cua dat theo hucmg bat loi cho sir sinh tnrong va phat trien ciia cay trdng. Cac nguyen nhan gay thoai hda dat gdm:
do dia hinh phiic tap, khi hau khac nghiet, quan ly va sir dung dat khdng hop ly va siic ep ciia phat tnen kinh td, ap lire cija sir gia tang dan sd, len tai nguyen dat...
Tinh Dak Ndng la mdt trong 5 tinh thudc khu viK Tay Nguyen, nam trong toa dd dia ly tir i r 4 5 ' den 12''50' vi do Bdc, 107°13'den 108°10' kinh do Ddng. Phia Bac va Ddng Bac giap tinh Dak Lak. Phia Ddng va Ddng Nam giap tinh Lam Ddng. Phia Nam va Tay Nam giap tinh Binh Phirdc. Phia Tay giap Virong qude Campuchia. Tinh cd dia hinh da dang va phong phii, bi chia cat manh, cd su xen ke giiia cac niii cao hiing vi, hiem trd vdi cac cao nguyen rdng lon, ddc thoai, luon sdng, kha bang phang xen ke cac dai ddng bang thap trung. Theo kdt qua thdng ke dat dai nam 2018, tdng dien tich hr nhien cua tinh Dak Ndng la 650.927 ha. Trong dd, cac loai dat trong pham vi dieu p-a lay mSu dat cd dien tich 606.364 ha, gdm: dien tich nhom dat ndng nghiep la 598.506 ha, chiem 91,95% dien tich Ur nhien. phan bd vdi didn
' Hgc vien Nong ngiiiep Viel Nam ' Cong ty Diu tu va Tu van Phuang Bac
tich Idn d huyen Dak Giong 132.662 ha, huyen Tuy Diic 104.896 ha, huyen Dak Song 75.414 ha... Dita tich nhdm dat chua sir dung la 7.858 ha, chiem 1,21S6 dien tich tir nhien, phan bd vdi dien tich Idn d huyen Dak Giong 3.276 ha, huyen Tuy Diic 2.301 ha, huyen Krdng Nd 1.044 ha,... Nghien ciiu nay nham xac dinh timg loai hinh thoai hda, khu vuc thoai hda va loai dat thoai hda lam co sd de dira ra cac giai phap kjp thdi nham giam thieu dien tich dat bi thoai hda, nang cao chat luong dat la mdt v i ^ lam het siic quan trpng.
2. PHUBNG PHAP NGHIBil CUU
2.1. Phmmg phip diiu tra, thu thSp ihdng tin tii hdu
Phuong phap dieu tra thu thap cac sd lidu thii cap: thu thap thdng tm, tai heu tai Sd Tai nguydn va Mdi tnidng tinh Bak Ndng, cac Sd, ban nganh cd Mn quan, cac Bd, ban, nganh Trung uong va cac co quan nghien ctm... Phuong phap dieu tra theo tuydn va didu h-a diem duoc ap dung frong dieu tra phuc vu xay dung cac ban do chuyen dd: ban dd loai su dung dat ndng nghidp; ban dd dd phi nhieu cua lial: ban do dat bi suy giam do phi: ban do dat bi xoi mon: ban dd dat bi khd han, hoang mac hda, sa mac hoa: ban dd dat hi ket von da ong hda, ban dd dat Phuang phap dieu tra phdng van bao gom. phdng van theo nhdm va phdng van ca nhan cac thdng tm ve phuong thuc sir dung dat, co can cay hdng, dau lir dau vao, thdi 20 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl vu, dau ra, tinh hinh su dung phan bon va thudc bao
v& thuc vat tai khu vuc lay mSu. Phong van ca nhan:
d6i tupng phong van la c^c chu sii dyng dat nong nghidp, lam nghidp, thiiy san... va nhimg nguoi co kinh nghidm (can bo dia chinh xa, can bp khuyen nongxa, truang thdn, ban...) de co the thu thap duoc nhOng thong tin quan trpng va c6 dO tin cay v6 cac van d6 CO lien quan den cac v ^ d^ quan ly, su dung dat cua dia phuong. Phong van theo nhom: co the tien hanh mpt each ngSu nhi^n bang each trao doi thong tin v6i nhung ngu6i gap n g o ^ thuc dia hoac co the phong van chinh thiic co chuan bi truoc. Cac nhom chinh thuc dupe lua chpn theo cac ddi tupng su dung dat khac nhau hoac dupe lua chpn hdn hop cua cac ddi tupng nay.
2.2. Phuong phAp l^y mhi, xu ^ , b&o quan m i u Phuongphap Idymiu dat:1mi chuan Vi^t Nam TCVN 4046:1985: Quy trinh di^u tra \%p ban do dat ty 1§ trung binh va lon ve dat trdng trpt - Phutmg phap lay mau do Uy ban Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Nha nuoc (1985) ban hanh.
Xuly, bao quan miu:Theo Tifiu chuan Qude gia TCVN 9487:2012 ve Quy frinh dieu tra, lap ban do dat ty 16 trung binh va lon cua Bp Khoa hpc va Cong ngh§ cong bd. Cac tiii dat, ti^u ban dat lay ve phai dupe hong khd trong khdng khi, bao quan noi thoang mat va co ghi nhan mSu dat chon de phan tich. Xu ly cac miu dat dd phan tich theo TCVN 6647:2007 ve chat lupng dat - xu ly so- b6 miu dd
phan tich ly hoa.
2.3. Phucmg phAp phan tich d^t trong phdng thi nghidm
Cac mau dat duoc phan tich tai Trung tam Phan tich va Chuyen giao cong ngh& moi trudng - Vien Moi truong N6ng nghiep. Cac chi tifeu phan tich gdm: dung trpng: phuong phap dng tru; dp chua cua dat (PHKCI): do bang may do pH; chat hihi ca tdng sd (0M%): phuong phap Walkley - Black; thanh phan ca gidi (cat, cat min, limon, set): phuong phap dng hiit Robmson; dung tich hap thu (CEC ldl/100 g dat) phuong phap am6n axetat pH = 7; nita tdng sd (N%) phuang phap Kjendahl; phdt pho tdng sd (Pz'^b^) phuang phap so mau; kah tong sd (K20%): phuang phap quang ke ngpn liia; lan dk tieu (P2O5 mg/100 g dat): phuong phap Oniani; kah d l tifeu (KgO mg/100 g dat): phuang phap quang phd phat xa.
2.4. Phuang p h ^ xAc dinh d^t bi suy gi&m dO phi
Dat bi suy giam dp phi duac danh gia dua tren ket qua phan tich mhi dat hi&n tai ciia cac loai dat va so sanh voi ket qua phan tich dat cua cac loai dat tai thoi ky xay dung ban dd thd nhuong dnh nSm 2005 (Vien Quy hoach va Thiet ke nong nghiep, 2005).
Suy giam (Ap) = Sd heu phan tich nam 2005 - ket qua phan tich dat nam 2017 va theo cac miic: khong suy giam, suy giam nhe, suy giam trung binh va suy giam nang.
B ^ 1. Phdn cap d^nh gia dat bi suy giam dO phi Chi hdu
1. D^t hi chua hoa (suy giam PHKCI)
2. Suy giam chat hiiu ca tdng sd (0M%)
3.Suy giam dung tich hap thu (CEC)
4. Suy giam nito tdng so (N%)
Mirc danh gia Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung bmh Suy giam nang Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung bmh Suy giam nang Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung bmh Suy giam nang Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung binh
Khoang bien ddng (A)
< 0 0-0,5
> 0,5 - 1
> 1
< 0 0 - 1
> l - 2
> 2
< 0 0 - 5
> 5 - 1 0
>10
< 0 0-0,05
> 0,05-0,1
Ky hieu SgPN SgP, SgP, SgP, SgON SgO, SgO, SgO, SgC„
SgC, SgC, SgC, SgNM SgN, SgN, NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HQC CONG HGHt Chi tieu
5. Suy giam ham luong phdt pho tdng sd (P20s%)
6. Suy giam ham linprag kah tdng sd QifiX)
Miic danh gia Suy giam nang Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung binh Suy giam nSng Khdng suy giam Suy giam nhe Suy giam trung binh Suy giam nang
Khoang bien ddng (A)
>0,1
< 0 0-0,02
> 0,02-0,04
>0,04
< 0 0-0,5
> 0 , 5 - l
> 1
Ki -.' " _ s,:\
ScPs _ S g &
SgP, _ _ S g P s _ _ 1 SgKN
SgK, SgK, SgK, 2.5. Ckc phuong phAp xSy dung hkn dd trong GIS: chong xdp ckc ban do thanh phan dang
vector di co ban dd chiia cac lap thong tin tong hpp Phuang phap so hoa bang phan mem ., , i
, , , , ™ , . , J ., theo sado sau:
MicroStation va Mapinfo. Phuong phap chong xep
Btrdv 1: Xay dvmg dit li^u dau vio —
ri
. Lira chpn vk phan cap cAc chi tieu 2. Xhy dv»g ibp thAng tin v£ d^ phi dAt trong quA ktitiBirdv 2: Tong hqrp xir \-y
I. Nh«p Ihdng tin t h u ^ tinh
>J 2. Ch&iig xep dQ li^u
3. So sdnh ihong tin vo dg phi dat quA khur va hi^n tQi
B u ^ 3: Pliiin cap ddnh giii theo phirong phap MCI-:
XAy dvnig ma t r ^ so sAnh c$p doi va xac djnh trpng so 2. Tinh gid tri suy giani do phi Si 3. Phiin cap tong giA trj suy giAm d^phiS
B v ^ 4: Bien iqp ban d^ dat bj suy
giam do phi
K
1. Tich h9p dii l i ^ theo phvrong phip MCE len ban do 2. Xiy dvmg he lh6ng chii diin vA bleu t9p ban doHinh 1. Trinh hi thirc hi«n x4y dvng ban dd dit bi suy giim dg phi
dat cay lau nam; khd han nang chid'm 0,13% va xay ra tren dia ban huyen Krdng Nd chiem 7,33%; huydn Cu Jut chidm 0,97%. Dat hi khd han trung bmh co 426.762 ha, chidm 70,38% dien tich dieu tra. Didn b'ch khd han hung bmh xay ra chii ydu ddi vdi dat chua s i dung 95,24%, dat rimg san xuat chiem 92,98% di{n tich didu ha ciia nhdm dat va xay ra chii ydu hdn dia ban huydn Dik Giong chiem 70,85%;" ^•(.n Tuy Diic 3. KET qUA NGHBII CIIU
3.1. Bit bi khd h^n, hoang m<ic hda Tren dia ban toan tinh cd 544.270 ha dat hi khd han, chidm 89,76% didn tich dieu b^i va cd 62.094 ha khdng bi khd ban. Trong dd; khd ban nang cd 6.088 ha, chidm 1,00%. Didn tich khd han nang xay ra chu yen ddi vdi dat h-dng ciy hang nam khac (dat trdng ngd, san, nuong rly...), khd ban nang chiem 6,00%,
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANi '2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
chiem 68,2496. Dat bi kh6 han nhe co 111.419 ha, chiem 18,38% difen tich di^u tra. Di6n tich kho han nhe xay ra chu yen ddi vdi d^t ning ph6ng hp chi^m 90,29%, d^t tr6ng cay lau nSm chi^m 20,9096 di€n tich dieu tra cua nhom d^t va xay ra chu y^u tren dia ban huyen D ^ R'lip chi^m 39,0596, huyen Tuy Diic chiem 29,96% dien tich dieu tra ciia huyen.
6^,0S4ti3; 111419h 10.2a% 18,3754 .00% " V ^ ' H ^ ^ ^
mm
Hinh 2. Ca cau, d i ^ tich dat hi kh6 h^in 3.2. Bkrih ffkv^ suy giam dO phi
Dat bi suy giam pRuck Hi§n nay co 400.380 ha dat bi chua hba, chiem 66,03% dien tich dieu tra va co 205.984 ha khong bi chua hoa, trong do: Chua hoa nang co 23.942 ha, chiem 3,95%, chua hoa trung binh CO 163.389 ha, chiem 26,95% va chua hoa nhe co 213.049 ha, chi^m 35,14% dien tich di^u tra.
Dat bi suy giam ham lupng ch^t hiiu c a tong sd:
Bat bi suy giam ham lupng chat hiru c a trong d^t la 45.539 ha, chiem 7,51% va 560.826 ha dat khong bi suy giam. Trong do, suy giam nSng co 5.408 ha, chiem 0,89%, suy giam trung binh co 17.407 ha, chiem 2,87% va suy giam nhe co 22.723 ha, chiem 3,75% dien tich di^u tra.
Dat hi suy giam dung tich hap thu: Hien nay tinh co 354.556 ha, chiem 58,47%, bi suy giam chat hiiu c a va 251.808 ha khong bi suy giam, trong do: suy giam nang c6 40.465 ha, chiem 6,67%, suy giam tnmg binh CO 126.371 ha, chiem 20.84% va suy giam nhe co 187.721 ha, chiem 30,96% dien tich di^u tra.
Dat bi suy giam nita tdng sd: Dat bi suy giam nita tdng sd la 103.550 ha, chiem 17,08% v^ 502.815 ha khdng bj suy giam, trong do, suy giam n ^ g co 40.561 ha, chidm 6,69%, suy giam trung binh co 22.784 ha, chidm 3,7696, va suy giam nhe co 40.204 ha, chiem 6,63% dien tich didu ti^.
Dat hi suy giam phdt pho tong sd: Tdng dien tich deit bi suy giam phdt pho tdng sd tr6n dia ban tinh la
226.261 ha, chiem 37,31% va 380.103 ha khong bi suy giam, trong do, suy giam nang co 135.091 ha, chidm 22,28%, suy giam trung binh cd 20.858 ha, chiem 3,44%, va suy giam nhe co 70.312 ha, chiem 11,60% dien tich didu tra.
Dat bi suy giam kali tdng sd: Tdng dien tich dat bi suy giam kali tdng sd la 362.106 ha, chiem 59,72%
va 244.259 ha khong bi suy giam, trong do, suy giam nang cd 4.268 ha, chiem 0,70%, suy giam trung binh cd 211 ha, chidm 0,03% va suy giam nhe cd 357.627 ha, chiem 58,98% dien tich didu tra.
Dat bi suy giam dp phi: Tinh c6 353.171 ha dat bi suy giam do phi, chiem 58,24% didn tich dieu ti-a va cd 253.194 ha khong bi suy giam. Trong dd: suy giam dp phi nang co 39.965 ha, chiem 6,59%, suy giam nang xay ra chii yeu ddi vdi dat trong liia chiem 26,45%, dat trdng cay lau nam chidm 9,70%
didn tich dieu tra ciia nhdm va xay ra chii yeu tren dia ban huyen Cu Jiit chiem 16,18%, huyen Dak Mil chiem 11,76% dien dch didu tra ciia huyen. Dat suy giam dp phi hung binh cd 75.736 ha, chidm 12,49%
didn tich dieu tra. Dien tich suy giam trung binh xay ra chu yeu ddi vdi dat ning san xufit chidm 17,98%, dat trdng cay lau nam chiem 13,82% dien tich dieu tra cua nhdm va xay ra chu ydu tr6n dia ban huy^n Dak Mil chidm 34,28%, huyen Cu Jut chidm 25,86% di&n tich dieu tra ciia huydn. Dat suy giam dp phi nhe co 237.470 ha, chiem 39,16% dien tich didu ti-a. Dien tich suy giam nhe xay ra chii yeu ddi vdi dat rung dac dung chiem 87,60%, dat trong cay hang nam khac chidm 62,22% didn tich dieu tra va xay ra chii yeu tren dia ban Dak Giong chidm 65,61%, huydn Tuy Diic chiem 49,74% didn tich dieu tra cua huyfen.
l9Sb5h3,\ ^ ^ ^ • '
»
Hinh 3. Ca c^u, tiidn tich d i t hi suy giam d0 phi 3.3. DStbixdinadn
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 23
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
Bang phuong phap chdng xep cac ban dd chuyen de theo phirong trinh mat dat phd dung da xac dmh duac tren dm ban tinh cd 553.379 ha dat bi xdi mon, chidm 91,26% dien tich didu tra va 52.985 ha kh6ng bi xdi mdn, chidm 8,74%, trong dd: dat bi xdi mdn manh cd 4.192 ha, chidm 0,69% dien tich didu tra.
Didn tich xdi mdn manh xay ra chii ydu ddi voi dat ddi mii chua sii dung chiem 3,44%, dat ti-dng cay hang nam chidm 3,24% dien tich didu tra va xay ra chu yeu trdn dia ban huyen Krdng No chidm 5,29%, huyen Dak Giong chiem 0,20% didn tich dieu tra cua huydn. Dat bi xdi mdn trung binh cd 63.642 ha, chidm 10,50%
dien tich didu tra. Didn tich xdi mon trung binh xay ra chu ydu ddi vdi dat ddi mil chua su dung chidm 41,10%, dat ti-ong cay hang nam chidm 36,50% dien tich didu tra va xay ra chii ydu tren dia ban huydn Krdng No chidm 24,01%, huydn Dak Giong chidm 18,01% didn tich dieu tra ciia huydn va dat bi xdi mdn nhe cd 485.546 ha, chidm 80,07% didn tich dieu ti-a.
Didn tich xdi mdn nhe xay ra chii yeu ddi vdi dat riing san xuat chiem 94,40%, dat trdng cay lau nam chidm 91,23% didn tich didu tra va xay ra chu ydu trdn dia ban huydn Dak Giong chidm 90,01%, huydn Tuy Diic chidm 83,81% didn tich didu tra ciia huydn.
Hinh 4. Ca c^u, didn tich dit hi xdi mdn 3.4. D^t hi kdt von, dk ong hda
Tinh cd 1.482 ha dat bi kdt von, chidm 0,24% dien tich dieu tra va cd 604.882 ha khdng bi kdt von.
Trong do: kdt von nang co 653 ha, chidm 0,11% didn tich dieu Ira. Dien tich kdt von nang xay ra tren didn tich cay lau nam va rimg san xuat d thi xa Gia Nghia va huyen Dak Mil. Ket von trung binh cd 198 ha, chidm 0,03% didn tich didu h-a. Dien tich kdt von trung binh xay ra trdn didn tich d^t trong liia, dat trdng cay hang nam d huyen Cu Jiit va huyen Krdng Nd va kdt von nhe cd 631 ha, chidm 0,10% didn tich
dieu tra. Didn tich ket von nhe xay ra trdn dat trong Ilia, dat trdng cay hang nam khac, dat trdng cay lau nam d dia ban huydn Dak Mil, huydn Cu Jut, huyen Dak Song va huydn Krdng Nd.
• Ket von nh^
• K^t von trung bi
• Ket von n|ng Khflng ket von
Hinh 5. Ca c^u. didn tich dat bi kdt von 3.5. D ^ h gl^ t h o ^ hda theo l o ^ sii dyng d^t Cac loai sii dung dat khac nhau cd miic dp vk loai hinh thoai hda khac nhau, trong dd: diit san xu^t ndng nghiep cd 346.424 ha bi thoai hda, chidm 95,99% didn tich dat san xuat ndng nghidp, gdm:
thoai hda nang 24.858 ha, thoai hda trung bmh la 156.193 ha va thoai hda nhe la 165.372 ha. Dat lam nghidp cd 196.997 ha hi tiioai hda, chidm 84,01% didn tich dat lam nghidp, trong dd: thoai hda nang cd 5.770 ha, thoai hda trung binh cd 82.010 ha, thoai hoa nhe cd 109.218 ha. Dat nudi trdng thtiy san khdng tdng hpp thoai hda. Dat ndng nghiep kh^c cd 273 ha bi thoai hda, chidm 100% didn tich dat ndng nghidp khac, toan bp didn tich bi thoai hda nhe. Dat ddi mil chua su dung cd 7.737 ha hi tiioai hda, chidm 98,4596 didn tich dat ddi mil chua su dung, trong dd tho^
hda nang 577 ha, thoai hda trung binh 4.557 ha va thoai hda nhe 2.602 ha.
Cac dia phuang trdn dia ban tinh deu xay ra hidn tupng dat bi thoai hda d cac muc dp trdn 50% difin tich. TTioai hda nang vdi dien tich Idn trdn dja ban huydn Cu Jiit chidm 24,24%, huyen Krdng Nd chidm 22,37%, huydn Dak Mil chiem 17,51%. huydn Dak Song chidm 11,87% dien tich thoai hda nang toan tinh,... Thoai hda h\mg binh vdi didn tich Idn trdn dia ban huydn Dak Giong chiem 29,23%, huyen Tuy Due chidm 18,53%, huyen Cu Jiit chidm 10,60% didn tich tiioai hda tiling binh toan tinh,... Thoai hda nhe vdi didn tich Idn tren dia ban huyen Tuy Diic chidm 21,32%, huydn Dak Song chidm 17,80%, huydn Dak
24 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHt
Giong chiem 14,32% didn tich thoai hda nhe toan ciia bien ddi khi hau, khd han didn bien phtic tap, dat tinh,... Day la nhOng dia phuong can dua ra canh bao dai lihd can cay trdng kem phat trien. Mat khac, khi qua trinh thoai hda dit xiy ra nhanh vdi dien tich trong qua trinh tham canh canh tac lam cho dat hi Idn do cac khu vuc thudng hi anh hudng manh me suy giam dd phi nhidu dang ke.
BSng 2. Didn tich Sit bi thoii hda theo lo^i su dung dit
Don vi tinh; ha S I T
I 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4 n 1 2
Muc dich sir dung
D i t ndng n g h i ^ D^ san xuik ndng nghi^
Dat trdng liia Dat trdng CEiy hang nam Dat trdng cay lau nam Bat Uan nghidp Dat ning san xuat Dat rimg phong hd Dat rimg dac dung B^tnudi trdng thuy san Bat ndng nghidp khdc D i t chtia stx dicing Dat bang chua str dung Dat ddi nui chua sir dung
Tdng
Ky hieu NNP SKN LUA HNK CLN LNP RSX RPH ROD NTS NKH CSD BCS DCS
Didn tich dat hi thoai hda Thoai hda
nhe 274.863 165.372 3.080 26.354 135.938 109.218 76.893 32.325 0 0 273 2.602
0 2.602 277.465
Thoai hda trung binh 238.203 156.193 450 60.996 94.747 82.010 79.716 2.294 0 0 0 4.557
0 4.557 242.760
Thoai hda nang 30.628 24.858 382 7.730 16.747 5.770 5.649 121
0 0 0 577
0 577 31.205
Tdng 543.694 346.424 3.912 95.080 247.432 196.997 162.257 34.740
0 0 273 7.737
0 inn 551.430
Didn tich Sit khdng bi thoai hda 54.812 14.469 4.870
987 8.612 37.509
1.304 2.834 33.371 2.834 0 122
0 122 54.934
Dien hch didu tra 598.506 360.893 8.782 96.067 256.044 234.506 163.561 37.574 33.371 2.834
273 7.858
0 7.858 606.364 4. KET LUAN
Danh gia 606.364 ha cua tmh Dak Ndng thi dat bi thoai hda la 551.430 ha, gdm thoai hda nang 31.205 ha, thoai hda tnmg binh 242.760 ha va thoai hda nhe 277.465 ha. Trong dd: dat hi khd ban nang la 6.088 ha, khd ban trung binh la 426.762 ha, dat bi khd han nhe la 111.419 ha. Dat bi suy giam dp phi nang la 39.965 ha, dat bi suy giam dp phi trung binh la 75.736 ha va dat bi suy giam do phi nhe la 237.470 ha. D^t bi xdi mdn manh la 4.192 ha, dat hi xdi mdn tmng binh la 63.642 ha va dat bi xdi mdn nhe la 485.546 ha. Dat bi ket von nang la 653 ha, dat bi ket von trung binh la 198 ha va dat bi kdt von nhe la 631 ha.
Cac loai su dung dat khac nhau cd miic dd va loai hinh thoai hda khac nhau, trong dd: Dat san xuat ndng nghidp cd 346.424 ha bi thoai hda, chidm 95,99% dien tich dat san xuat ndng nghidp, gdm:
thoai hda nang 24.858 ha, thoai hda trung binh la
156.193 ha va thoai hda nhe la 165.372 ha. Dat lam nghiep cd 196.997 ha bi thoai hda, chidm 84,01% didn tich dat lam nghiep, trong dd: thoai hda nang cd 5.770 ha, thoai hda trung binh cd 82.010 ha, thoai hda nhe cd 109.218 ha. Dat ndng nghiep khac cd 273 ha hi thoai hda, chidm 100% dien tich dat ndng nghidp khac, toan bd didn tich bi thoai hda nhe. Dat ddi niii chua su dung cd 7.737 ha bi thoai hda, chidm 98,45%
dien tich dat doi mil chua sii dung, ti-ong dd tiioai hda nang 577 ha, thoai hda tiling binh 4.557 ha va thoai hda nhe 2.602 ha.
Cac dia phuong khac nhau ciing cd dien tich dat bi thoai hda theo miic dp khac nhau, trong dd; Thoai hda nang vdi didn tich Idn trdn dia ban huyen Cu Jiit chidm 24,24%, huyen Krdng No 22,37%, huyen Dak Mil (17,51%, huyen Dak Song 11,87% didn tich thoai hda nang toan tinh,... Thoai hda tiling binh vdi dien tich Idn trdn dia ban huydn Dak Giong chidm 29,23%.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
huyen Tuy Diic chiem 18,53%, huydn Cu Jiit chiem 5. Bd Tai nguydn va Mdi hudng (-('' " ^^
10,60% didn hch thoai hda hung binh toan tinh,... qua Didu tra, danh gia thoai hda dSl i-ung Tay Thoai hda nhe vdi didn tich Idn trdn dia ban huyen Nguydn phuc vu quan ly, su dung dat ben ^^mg.
Tuy Diic chiem 21,32%, huyen Dak Song chidm 6. Cdng ty Dau hi vaTu van Phuong Bac (2018).
17,80%, huydn Dak Giong chidm 14,32% dien tich Bao cao tdng kdt du an dieu h a danh gia thoai hda thoai hda nhe toan tinh. ^jt 1 j „ ^^ ^^^ dia ban tinh Dak Ndng.
TM UBI m « M KHAO 7. Nguydn Ba Lam, Nguydn Quang Huy (2017).
1. Uy ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Nha nude Nghien cuu dac tinh ly, hda hoc cac nhdm dat chinh (1985). Tieu chuan Quoc gia TCVN 4046: 1985, dat hnh Phii Tho. Tap chi Ndng nghidp va Phat Wen trdng trot - phuong phap lay mau. ndng thdn sd 14/2017, tr 11-19.
2. Bd Khoa hoc va Cdng nghd (2012). Tieu 8. Vidn Quy hoach va Thidt ke ndng nghiep chufo Qude gia TCVN 9487:2012, quy hinh didu ha, (2005), Ket qua didu ha, bd sung, chinh ly va xay lap ban dd d i t ty Id trung bmh va lon. dung ban dd dat tinh Dak Ndng.
3. Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn 9. Vien Han lam Khoa hpc va Cdng nghd Viet Nam (2006). Cam nang Lam nghidp - Chuong Dit va dtah (2016). Adas tong hop vimg Tay Nguydn. NXB Tai duong dit, NXB Ndng nghiep, Ha Ndi. nguydn - Mdi hudng va Ban dd Viet Nam.
4. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat hien ndng thdn 10. Trung tam Khi toong Thuy van tinh Dak (2009). e l m nang su dung dat ndng nghiep, tap 3 Tai Ndng (2016). Sd heu ve do am, lu(mg mua, nhidt dO, nguydn dat Viet Nam thuc hang va hem nang su sd gid nang, lu(mg bdc hod tai cac ham quan hac cac dung. NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi. nam hi 2001 - 2016.
RESEARCH EVALUATION OF DEGRADATION IN DAK NONG PROVINCE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
Nguyen Quang Hoc. Nguyen Ba Lam, Nguyen Quang Huy .Summary
An assessment of 606,364 ha of Dak ^fong province in the Central Highlands region has degradation of 551,430 ha, including heavy degradation of 31,205 ha, average degradation of 242,760 ha and slight degradation of 277,465 ha. Of which, the area with severe drought was 6,088 ha, the average drought was 426,762 ha, the land was slighdy drought was 111,419 ha. Soil severely degraded was 39,965 ha, the average soil fertility reduced was 75,736 ha and the land was slighdy reduced fertility was 237,470 ha. Strongly eroded soil is 4,192 ha, average eroded soil is 63,642 ha and light eroded soil is 485,546 ha. The heavily agglomerated soil is 653 ha, the average agglomerated soil is 198 ha and the slighdy agglomerated soil is 631 ha. Agneultural production land widi 346,424 ha is degraded, accounting for 95.99% of agricultural land, including heavy degradation of 24,858 ha, average degradation of 156,193 ha and slight degradation of 165,372 ha. The area of forest land witti 196,997 hectares is degraded, accounting for 84.01% of die forestiy land area, of which, there are 5,770 hectares of heavy degradation, 82,010 hectares of degraded land, and 109,218 hectares of light degradation. Aquaculture land is not synthesized. 273 hectares of other agricultural land are degraded, accounting for 100% of other agricultural land. Unused hdly land with 7,737 ha is degraded, accounting for 98.45% of unused hdly and mountainous land, of which heavy degradation is 577 ha, average degradation is 4,557 ha and mild degradation is 2,602 ha.
Keywords: Land degradation. Dak Nong province, Centt^ai Highlands, fertility decline, erosion, agglomeration.
Ngudi phln bidn: TS. D5 TYung Binh Ngiy nhSn bai: 14/01/2020 Ngiy thdng qua phln bidn: 14/02/2020 Ngay duydt dang: 21/02/2020
26 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG IQ20