mien Trung Thai Lan
NGUYEN TUONG LAI*
NGUYEN QUE THUONG**
M
fla l i mdn i n tinh t h i n khdng the thieu dfldc cua ngUdi d i n Thii Lan. Mua l i c i e h t h i hien ndi raflng vui phi'n khdi, ndi budn, ndi lo i u , fldc mud'n, Idng kinb trpng, t i i n i n g , tinh yeu, lao ddng. T r u y i n thd'ng d i de lai cho ngfldi d i n T h i i Lan ca mpt n i n nghe t h u i t raua vd cflng phong phu v i da dang.Cd the ndi r i n g ngfldi T h i i Lan khdng nhflng cd rapt t a m hdn thd m i cdn cd ca mdt sd trUdng mua: Bi't ky ngUdi T h i i Lan n i o eung t i i m t i n g c i i kha n i n g trd t h i n h mdt thi si v i mdt nghe si raua.
Mua cua T h i i Lan cd the dUdc chia t h i n h bai loai l i nhflng d i l u mfla cd tinh chi't tdn giio v i nhflng dieu mfla d i n gian. Nhflng d i l u mfla tdn giio thfldng dfldc bilu d i i n trong cung dinh vdi nhflng vd kich ton giao, nhflng nghi l i eua n h i vua v i dfldc b i l u d i i n ngoii eung dinh vdi nhflng nghi l l k h i e trong dan gian. Cdn nhflng dieu mua dan gian l i nhflng dieu mua dfldc phd bil'n ri't rdng r i i trong cic cude vui, eupe hpp rait, trong cic budi lao dpng san xui't m i d day bi't ky ngfldi n i o eung ed t h i t h a m gia nhay raua.
Ngfldi ndng dan Thai Lan tuy quanh nim sd'ng vi't va va ciic nhpc nhflng v i n
ri't bdn nhien, yeu cude sd'ng. Trong nhflng Iflc b i n rdn nhi't cflng nbu trong luc n h i n rdi, ngUdi ndng d i n Thii Lan v i n khdng quen b i t mua. Nhflng dilu mfla dira d i ralu s i c d i n tde d i til'p thIra sflc manh eho hp ehiln t h i n g t h i i n nhien, bfl d i p eho hp rapt nilm tin v i o nhflng t h i n h qua do sflc lao ddng cua hp tao ra, nhan len trong tam bdn hp mdt tinh yeu con ngUdi v i yeu eudc sd'ng sau sac. Cbinb vi viy d i tfl xa xUa ngUdi ndng d i n T h i i Lan khdng ngflng sang tao nen nhflng dieu mua mang nhieu phong cieh k h i e nhau. Mdi l i n g lai cd nhflng dieu mua rieng do t i p the nhflng ngUdi dan trong l i n g s i n g t i c v i nhay mua vdi nhau. Nhd viy nhflng dieu mfla d i n gian cua T h i i Lan ri't phong phu v i da dang. NhUng tile thay, eho de'n nay ngfldi ta v i n chfla khai t h i e v i tim b i l u dfldc b i t chung.
Nhflng dilu raua d i n gian eua T h i i Lan d i bi bil'n ddi v i mi't di nhilu theo thdi gian. Hien nay chflng chi cdn lai mdt so' dieu mfla t i p the v i nhflng di'u tich cua chung chi cdn dfldc gifl lai trong nhflng dilu raua ed tinh chi't nghi li. Ndi ehung, nhflng dilu mfla dan gian T h i i Lan bat ngudn tfl nhflng dpng t i e lao ddng san
* PGS.TS. Nguyen TUdng Lai, TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH va NV, DHQG Ha Noi
** Nguyin Que ThUdng, Vien Ngien ciiu Dong Nam A
52 Nghien ciru Ddng Nam A 1/2012 xui't v i rad phdng lai nhflng hinh a n h eua
cude sd'ng sinh hoat h i n g n g i y eua ngfldi T h i i Lan, Cai dep trong lao dpng, eai dpp cua con ngfldi va cua thien nhien da dfldc triet d l khai thac d l dfla v i o cic dieu raua. Ngoii ra, nhflng tam tfl, tinh cam, ndi fldc mong cung dUdc the hien mpt each trung thUc v i m i n h liet trong cic dipu mua. NgUdi T h i i Lan qua l i mua de m i ndi; cic dieu mua d i ndi len nhieu, ndi len t i t ca nhflng gi m i ngfldi Thai Lan can ndi v i raud'n ndi.
Nhfl tren da ndi, mua dan gian phan Idn la nhflng dieu mua do nhflng ngfldi ndng dan T h i i Lan sang t i e vdi npi dung md ta lai nhflng ddng t i c lao dpng san xui't, tinh yeu trong lao dpng v i kdm theo dd l i nhflng ldi ddi d i p gifla eie ben trai gii. Mfla d i n gian g i n gui vdi nhflng sinh boat thfldng n g i y eua ngfldi d i n vdi rauc dich vui ebdi v i nghi ngdi thfl gian sau khi lira vile hoic dfldc b i l u diin v i o nhflng dip thu hoach rafla m i n g nhfl h i t g i t lua, mua l i l m , rafla vdng, mua trd'ng Trang phuc trong eac dieu mua dan gian cung ri't gian di vi thfle ra ngfldi ta rafla nhflng d i l u raua n i y trong khi edn dang lao dpng san xui't v i mua ngay t r i n hien trudng lira vide. Nhflng ngfldi mua l i nhflng ngfldi ndng dan i n van gian di b i n g nhflng t r a n g phuc t r u y i n thdng ciia dia phfldng minh v i hp cung dung cac loai nhae cu dan gian m i hp tvt c h i d l d$m cho eac dieu mua nhfl trd'ng dai, chiing, chum ehpe, phieb, cdng Khdng nhflng the cac dpng t i e raua, cac nhip d i l u mua cung khdng phflc tap nhfl nhflng d i l u mfla tdn giio eho n i n ai eung cd the mua dfldc, ai eung d i u bi ldi kdo vao eae d i r a mua vdi sfl hflng khdi, vdi sfl thoai mai say sfla.
Mua dan gian Thai Lan p h i n Idn l i nhflng dieu mua vui ve, sdi ndi v i khi cd
t i l n g nh^c ei't l i n k i m theo nhflng budc nhay rdn r i n g nhfl mdi nhfl gpi thi khdng ai ed t h i kim long dfldc. Ti't ca d i u bi ldi kdo v i o nhflng bflde nhay dilu mfla m i khdng t h i dflt ra dfldc.
Miln Trung T h i i Lan chinh l i vung ddng b i n g rpng Idn nhi't T h i i Lan. Dd l i vflng ddng b i n g thude Iflu vflc eon sdng Me-nam Chao-phra-gia. Cd t h i ndi diy la ndi t i p trung ddng dao nhi't efl d i n ndng nghipp trdng lua nude eua T h i i Lan.
Chinh vi viy, tfl l i u nay ndi d i y da san sinh ra bil't bao nhflng t h i n h tflu v i n hoa m i trong dd cd ea nghe t h u i t raua dan gian, Cic dilu rafla dan gian d miln Trung T h i i Lan cflng ed nhflng d i e dilm chung nhfl da ndi t r i n day. Chflng tdi xin neu ra d i y rapt sd' dieu raua tieu bilu, dd l i Mua Vdng (Rira Vdng), Mua Lilm, Mfla Trao k h i n (Rim Phat-pha), Mfla Trdng dii (Rim Kloong-dao Thoot-thoong).
M u a V o n g ( R a m V o n g )
Khdng bil'f da tfl bao gid, ngfldi Thai Lan railn Trung cung nhfl mpi miln khac eua di't nfldc Thai Lan eung d i u hay diing t h i n h vdng trdn de cflng nhau mua dieu mua R i m Vdng. Khdng cd mpt ngfldi Thai Lan n i o lai khdng biet m u a Rara Vong.
Di$u mua nay cd t h i thu h u t dfldc ri't n h i l u ngfldi t h a m gia vdi bi't cfl rapt loai nhae cu n i o . Nd vui, nhdn, hdn nhien, trong sang. Khi bfldc v i o nhay nhflng bfldc nhay d i u tien ngfldi ta da cam thi'y minh phi'n chi'n b i n len, yeu ddi v i y§u ngfldi hdn lin. Dong t i c Rira Vdng ri't nhe n h i n g , thoai mai nhflng lai khdng qua c h i m chap. Trong cuoc vui, nam nit dflng t h i n h hai vdng trdn; vdng trong la nhflng cd g i i dflng n i m tay nhau kit t h i n h , cdn vdng ngoai l i vdng ciia cac
ching trai. Mpi ngfldi d i u dflng quay rait h i t v i rafla cflng. Sau khi dfldc radi gpi, vio trong v i c h i n bflde nhip n h i n g theo nhdra nfl da ra rafla h i t cflng nbdra nara.
nhip cua ken trd'ng. C i n g v l sau dpng t i e Lue n i y hai b i n nara nfl chia nhau ra theo cua R i r a Vdng c i n g dfldc phong phu tflng c i p d l mua b i t . Ngfldi nam h i t t h i m . Nhflng ddng t i e u y i n chuyin, diu trfldc rdi nfl h i t ndi theo sau v i cflng rafla ding d i dfldc bd sung b i n g nhflng dpng phu hpa. Rdi tilp theo lai dl'n c i p thfl hai, t i c khoe, g i i t v i dflt k h o i t . Mpi ngfldi nara h i t mdi v i nfl b i t ndi cfl nhfl viy dflng t h i n h vdng trdn vd tay theo nhip tflng ddi eho d i n h i t b i i h i t . Nhflng ngfldi cua ken trd'ng v i phia trong l i cic ddi trai chUa d i n Ifldt h i t se hd phu hpa theo nhip gii radi nhau ra cflng rafla. Cude vui ed phieb: h i h i Do nam v i nfl bilu diin t h i keo d i i raii khdng dflt v i qua thfle, t h i n h tflng ddi rapt n i n sd Ifldng nara v i Rira Vdng ed rapt sflc h i p d i n v i ldi eudn nfl d i u b i n g nhau. Ngiy xUa, mfla lilm din ky la. Trong ti't ca nhflng n g i y vui, khdng gidi ban so lUdng ngUdi bilu diin, Rira Vdng l i d i l u mua khdng t h i t h i i u nbUng ngiy nay khi Mfla Lilm dfldc bilu cua ngUdi d i n Thai Lan. diin tren s i n khi'u thi thfldng dfldc ban dinh sd ngUdi l i 5 nara, 5 nfl de khdp vdi Mua L i e m npi dung eie b i i h i t dfldc sfl dung v i phu
- , , ,.^v ,, ^^ ^ , . .... , hdp vdi diin tich eua s i n khi'u.
Mua hem la mpt trong nhflng dieu raua
lau ddi cua ngfldi d a n m i l n Trung, nha't la Mua liira thfldng dfldc bilu diin v i o ngfldi dan d t i n h N a - k h o n - s a - v i n . Tfl n g i y mua. Trong nhflng ngiy g i t lua, xfla, ngfldi dan b day p h i n Idn d i u lira thong thfldng cic nara t h a n h nfl t u T h i i ndng nghiip v i d i u I i nhflng ngfldi y i u ca Lan se cflng giup nhau thu hoach rafla hit, thich vui ve vi v i y rai Mfla Lilra d i " i i n g v i cflng nhau h i t nhflng b i i h i t gat dfldc ra ddi tfl d i y . NgUdi ta vfla rafla vfla l^a, h i t ddi d i p vdi nhau gifla nara v i nfl.
h i t . Ndi dung tflng b i i h i t phan i n h sinh Khi nghi ngdi, thudng l i v i o Iflc rait trdi ddng ddi sd'ng ddi thfldng cua ngfldi d i n . b i t d i u l i n , Ifle dd radi chinh l i Iflc nam Cdn dpng t i c raua thi lai khdng t h i i n v l nfl b i t d i u b i i raua Uera.
nhflng dpng t i c u y I n c h u y i n nhfl nhflng Trang phue cua nhflng cap rafla l i dilu raua eung dinh, m i lai gid'ng nhfl nhflng bp q u i n i o lao ddng trong ngiy cieh raua cua da sd ngfldi ndng dan t r i n mfla. Nara raie q u i n dng Iflng v i i o cd di't T h i i Lan dd l i mua nhi'n manh v i o trdn, xe ngfle m i u den, ed k h i n ke d vi'n nhflng bfldc nhay vui ve, sinh ddng vdi ngang bung, dpi ndn v i khdng di dep. Nfl nhflng dilu m u a n h a n h , dflt k h o i t . Cd t h i raie v i y eud'n k i l u eo, m i u den v i raie i o ndi rang ngfldi ta vfla nhay vfla mua. Dilu tay d i i cung raiu den, cii hoa b i n tai phai mua nay rao phdng lai eie dpng t i e g i t v i eung ko di dep. Ti't ea nhdra raua diu lua. Ngfldi raua rapt tay cira bd lua, rapt eira lilra tay phai v i eira bd Ifla tay t r i i . tay e l m Ulm nen dieu mua n i y dfldc gpi Trfldc d i y khi b i l u diin raua lilra l i Mua Lilra. ngfldi ndng dan khdng dflng rapt nhae cu
Ngfldi mua chia t h i n h hai nhdra raua: n i o rai ehi ed t i l n g hd theo phich: h i nhdm nara v i nhdm nfl. D i u tien nhdra b l lira n i n p h i e b phu hpa. Nhflng hien nam se h a t trfldc v i mdi gpi nhdra nfl ra nay, khi Cue nghe t h u i t T h i i Lan dfla
54 Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 1/2012
Mfla Lilra ra bilu diin tren san khi'u thi da cd dflng din rapt so' loai nhae ey dia phfldng lira nhae nin cho bii bieu diin.
Dilu Mfla Lilm vd'n dfldc ngfldi dan miln Trung Thai Lan bilu diin ngay tai cinh ddng Ifla sau khi thu hoach. Ngiy nay, khi ngudi din quan tam tdi loai hinh niy ngiy rapt nhilu thi mua lilm mdi dUde dUa len bieu diin tren sin khi'u.
Mua Trao khan (Ram Phat-pha)
Mfla Trao khin l i rapt loai hinh mua tiiu bilu eua ngfldi Thii Lan dflqJe phd bil'n d mpt so' tinh tai railn Trung rai ndi khdi ngudn eua nd li tinh Can-eha-na Bu-ri. Tuy viy trong rapt thdi gian dii dieu rafla niy gin nhu bi ling quin. Vl sau niy cic n h i nghien cflu v i phi binh nghe thuit raua thude Cue nghe thuit Thii Lan da xera xet v i nhin thi'y ring loai hinh raua niy cd tinh nghe t h u i t cao vi nd cflng thude loai binh nghe thuit tieu bilu eho nin vin hda railn Trung Thii Lan. Dieu rafla Trao khin nhd dd d i dfldc khdi phuc lai, Iflu gifl v i phd bil'n rdng rai cho dl'n ngiy nay. Dl bao tdn v i Iflu truyin loai hinh bilu diin niy. Cue nghe thuit d i cxi mpt so' nghe si xud'ng eie tinh miln Trung Thii Lan trao ddi, hpc hdi, til'p thu tfl ngfldi dan dia phfldng dieu rafla Trao khin niy. Lin diu tiin cic nghe SI ciia Cue nghi t h u i t xudng hpc t i p tai dia phfldng li vio thing 6/1963. Sau dd loai hinh bilu diin niy dfldc dfla ra bilu dien lin diu tien nhin dip td chflc li til'p ddn vua Malayxia tai trfldng Dai hpc Thira-ma-xat ngiy 25/2/1964.
Dieu raua Trao khin khdng ban e h l so' Ifldng ngfldi tham gia, rafla cing ddng cing vui. Ngfldi tham gia eung dfldc chia thinh hai nhdra nara v i nfl. Mdi nhdra
diu cd nhflng ngfldi hit, ngfldi mua, ngfldi h i t phy hpa Bii bilu diin dfldc b i t diu bing nhip trd'ng vui ve, ddn dip lim cho ngfldi bilu diin v i ngfldi nghe cam thi'y hao hfle, rpn ra. Mpt luc sau tilt ti'u bit diu chim din de b i t diu cho phan bit vi mfla eua nhdm nam mdi gpi nhdm nfl, Cung vdi viec h i t mua radi gpi, cic ching trai raang khin de'n quing len vai cic co gii. Sau khi nhin khin quing eua ban trai, eie ed gii Iflc dd mdi ra hat dip lai vi mua cflng eae ban trai cua rainh.
Mua Trao khin dfldc bilu diin phi bil'n trong dip t i t Thii (tit Sdng-kran), hoic vio nhflng dip ll hdi Idn cua dia phfldng, thira chi ngay ea trong nhflng bfla tide vui eua cic gia dinh
Nhflng ngfldi bieu diin thudng mac nhflng loai quin i o truyin thd'ng ciia miln Trung Thii Lan. Nam mac viy eudn sdi bdng ddng miu vdi io cd trdn cdc tay.
Ngoii ra bp cdn van k h i n ngang eo vi vai.
Nfl raie viy eudn sdi bdng hoa vin nhilu miu cflng vdi io ed trdn, dii tay. Hp cflng vi'n khin v i cdn ed thera ea t h i t lUng, vdng tay, vdng ed.
Trd'ng dii, chiing, cdng, phieb, chum ehpe, sio, khen, cac nhae cu din gian railn Trung khac dfldc lim tfl dng tre li nhflng nhae eu khdng t h i thiiu dfldc trong di^u raua Trao khin niy. Khie vdi dilu Mua Lilm, dilu mua Trao khin khdng to chflc raua tren canh ddng, ngfldi ta thfldng mua tren mpt san rong. Mai sau niy khi dfl^c chinh thfle phuc hdi thi dieu mfla Trao khin mdi dfldc dfla len sin khi'u bilu dien.
Mua Trong dai (Ram Kloong-dao Thot-thong)
Cic n h i nghiin cflu Thai Lan cho ring
mua Trd'ng d i i ed ngudn gd'c tfl Myanma.
Vio thdi ky Krung Thdn-bu-ri cho d i n d i u thdi ky Rat-ta-na-kd-xin T h i i Lan v i Myanraa thfldng cd nhflng cude ehiln tranh thdn tinh l i n nhau. Trong cic cude ehiln, v i o nhflng Ifle tam ngflng giao tranh, linh Myanraa ftifldng rafla h i t vui ve v i sfl dung dl'n tiwng d i i . Ngfldi linh Thii ben kia ehiln tuyen nhin thi'y the v i cung hpc c i e h ebdi trd'ng eua ngfldi Myanma. Hien ngfldi T h i i v i n edn Iflu lai mdt ban nhae do cbinb ngudi T h i i s i n g tic dflng de ebdi trd'ng dii, cd nhip dilu, t i l t ti'u anh bUdng tfl b i i b i t cua Myanma dupe gpi l i "Bii h i t trdng d i i Myanma' Sau niy, b i i h i t cung d i dfldc sfla ddi thera nhilu. Khi rafla Trd'ng d i i ngUdi mfla phai van v i y eudn, d i u vi'n k h i n m i u hdng hoic ralu k h i e vdi raiu viy.
Cflng ed rapt n h i n dinh k h i e cho r i n g mfla trd'ng d i i ehi radi du n h i p v i o T h i i Lan v i o thdi ky Raraa 4 thude vfldng t r i i u Rit-ta-na-kd-xin. V i o thdi ky n i y ed rapt nhdra ngfldi Myanraa dUa mua Trd'ng d i i din bilu d i i n d T h i i Lan v i d i lUu lai rapt b i i h i t ca ngdi dpi q u i n Myanma. Ngay trong khi b i l u d i i n vd kich ndi tieng cua Thii Lan l i vd "Phra A-phay-ma-ni", ngUdi ta d i ebdi b i i b i t n i y trong ehUdng 9 cua vd kich.
Tuy v i y cae n h i nghien cflu d i u cd rapt n h i n dinh chung r i n g mua Trd'ng d i i dupe du n h i p tfl Myanraa. Ngfldi T h i i khi thi'y viee bieu d i i n raua Trd'ng d i i khdng khd, lai bet sflc vui ve, ldi eudn nen d i nhanh chdng t i l p thu v i phd bien rdng r i i trong cic ban l i n g . Trdng d i i dUde ebdi l i loai trdng rapt d i u hoc da, rapt d i u ed dudi dii. V l hinh thfle trd'ng cd p h i n n i o gid'rig vdi trdng d i i d Chiing M i y (railn Bae Thii Lan) nhflng trd'ng d i i d Chiing M i y
thi lai d i i hdn (dii khoang 4 raet). Cdn trd'ng dii trong b i i raua n i y chi dii khoang 150 era, n g i n hdn nhilu so vdi trd'ng d i i cua Chieng Miy. Ngfldi railn Bic thfldng gpi trd'ng n i y l i trd'ng dudi.
Trong khi dd trd'ng d i i loai n i y ngUdi Myanraa thfldng gpi l i Oxi, ed die dilra g i n gid'ng vdi trd'ng d i i railn Trung T h i i Lan. Cieh thfle bilu diin raua trd'ng d i i eua T h i i Lan v i Myanraa cflng ri't gid'ng nhau. Vi v i y ri't ed the cho r i n g ngUdi T h i i d i hpc theo nhflng ngfldi Myanraa.
Sau khi n h i nfldc T h i i giao cho Cue nghe t h u i t cfl rapt doin nghe si di bieu diin nbira t i n g eUdng quan be hda hao gifla T h i i Lan v i Myaraa v i o t h i n g 4/1966, n h i nUde Myanraa d i efl mpt n h i khao cd hpc d i n d i u doin bao t i n g v i di tich khao ed dl'n T h i i Lan tim b i l u v l vi'n d l "trd'ng dii" d railn Trung T h i i Lan v i dfla r a n h i n dinh r i n g chinh ngfldi Myanraa d i ed dfldc trd'ng d i i tfl ngfldi T h i i .
Trudc khi b i l u dien rafla Trdng d i i ngudi ta khdng q u i n td chflc nghi l i b i i sfl, gdra ed cic l i v i t nhU: boa, hUdng, nl'n, rUdu t r I n g , thud'c l i , bae... Sau dd dilu rafla Trdng d i i radi dfldc b i t d i u vdi ti't ca 33 vfl dilu. Ngfldi rafla ddng thdi cflng l i cic nhae cdng. Hp rafla cflng vdi nhflng nhae eu, die biet l i trdng dii. Dieu mfla ri't sdi ndi v i b i o hflng, nhi't l i vu dieu thfl 30 - 31. 5 cic vfl dieu n i y ngfldi ebdi cd t h i sfl dung cflng Ifle tdi 3 cii trd'ng. Tuy v i o kha n i n g d i e biet eua tflng ngfldi rai hp ed t h i rafla v i ebdi trdng vdi n h i l u tfl t h i , n h i l u cieh k h i e nhau v i thdi gian d i i ngan cung k h i e nhau. Ngoii ra, trong dilu rafla niy, ngoii cic diin vien mfla cbinb cflng ed ca nhflng ngfldi dan dia phfldng tfl nguyin
56 Nghien cim Ddng Nam A 1/2012 thara gia. C i e h t r a n g dilm, t r a n g phuc
eua nhflng ngfldi d i n dia phfldng cung ri't tfl nhien. Cic dia phfldng khac nhau sd ed nhflng trang phyc, t r a n g d i l m khac nhau v i thfldng la cieh t r a n g dilm v i t r a n g phuc la m i t , gay ng^c nhien cho ngfldi xem. Cbinb nhflng diem khae nhau dUdc the hiin qua dieu mua da cho chung ta thay dUdc cac ndt d i e trUng v i n hda eua tflng vflng v i tflng giai doan lich sfl. Hipn nay, cue Nghe t h u i t T h i i Lan d i nghien cflu v i dUa ra nhflng quy djnh cu t h i b i n g v i n ban v l t r a n g phuc ciia dien vien khi bieu diin mua trd'ng d i i , dd li:Nam tbi raie q u i n d i i d i n gifla bung c h i n , i o ede tay, k h i n q u i n tren d i u (trfldc day k h i n dpi d i u n i y thfldng dfl(?c dflng l i loai k h i n t r u y i n t h d n g ciia ngfldi Myanraa v i k i l u q u i n eung ciia ngfldi Myanraa. Nhflng n g i y nay, cue Nghe t h u i t d i thay ddi loai k h i n v i eich q u i n k h i n theo k i l u eua ngfldi T h i i ) . Ngoii ra, ngUdi bilu d i i n cdn dflng t h i t Iflng b i n g vai. Nfl thi raie v i y d i i den m i t c i c h i n cflng vdi i o tay s u i n g , ed cao. Phia trfldc i o v i t cheo ti'ra vai nhd (ti'ra vai v i t ehdo dd dfldc gpi l i Xa-bai). Ngoii ra phu nfl cdn sfl dung n h i l u t r a n g sflc k h i e nhfl t h i t Iflng, vdng ed, hoa tai. Tde dfldc budng d i i v i c i i hoa ben t r i i .
Mua Trdng d i i thfldng dfldc b i l u dien trong cic dip l i hpi Idn nhfl l i hpi ddn n i m radi, le hdi P h i t giio... Vu d i l u n i y thfldng dfldc bilu dien tai nhflng san Idn d dia phfldng hoic tren s i n khi'u Idn do sd Ifldng ngfldi thara gia k h i ddng.
Dfldng nhien trdng d i i l i loai nhae cu quan trpng nhi't trong khi bilu dien loai hinh rafla n i y . Trong khi mua ngfldi nghe si cd t h i dflng n h i l u trdng cflng mpt Iflc.
Ngoii trdng d i i ra cdn thi'y cd eie loai
nhae cv hd tr<? k h i e nhfl chum eboe, cdng, chiing, v.v Cd khoang 4 ngfldi ebdi trd'ng gdra 2 ngfldi d i n h trd'ng dflng, 2 ngfldi rafla trdng, ngoii ra cdn cd them 2 nfl mfla phu hoa.So' ngfldi thara gia dieu mua n i y phai tfl mfldi ngfldi trd lin trong dd ft nhi't phai ed 4 nhae cdng v i 2 nfl mua phu boa. ('hinh vi cd ,sd Ifldng ngfldi ddng nhfl v i y nen dia dilm bieu diin phai l i mdt s i n rdng tai dia phfldng hoic nlu bilu dien t r i n s i n k h i u thi s i n khi'u phai l i loai s i n khi'u Idn.
Qua rapt sd dieu mfla tren d i y cua ngfldi d i n m i l n Trung T h i i Lan chflng ta cd t h i n h i n xdt r i n g : Phong phfl v i dieu luy^n, mfla Thai Lan d i t h i hien mpt p h i n t i i n i n g nghe t h u i t ciia n h i n dan Thai Lan. Tuy v i y , nhflng dieu mua tfl xa xfla vd'n ehi dfldc c i c t h ^ he t r u y i n dat lai cho nhau mpt eich trflc t i l p . Nd it dUdc ghi lai t h i n h v i n ban v i vi v i y rai bj mai mdt d i n . Cic n h i nghien cflu d i thi'y ro nguy cd dd v i d i b i t d i u tien b i n h cdng viec sflu t i m n g h i i n cflu. Mpi ngudi khdng mudn d l mdt di san v i n hoi quy ciia n h i n dan Thai Lan bi l i n g quen./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Q u i Lai (chu bien). Thdi Lan Truyen thdng vd Hien dai. Nxb. Thanh niln, H i Npi, 1999.
2. Trfldng Dai hpc Xu-khd-thay Thira-ma- thi-rit. Nghe thudt bieu diin ddn gian cua Thdi Lan. P h i n 1 - 8; Trfldng Dai hpc Xu-khd-thay Thira-ma-thi-rat xui't ban; Ndn-tha-bu-ri, 2542 P h i t lich).
3. (Re-nu Kd-xi-na-ndn. Nghe thudt bieu diin ddn gian tai Thdi Lan. Nxb.
T h a y - v l t - t a - n a - p h a - n i t , in l i n thfl 3;
B i n g Cdc, 2546 P h i t lich).