THJHBVH- nlU&l-SUKItH
TiM HIEU VE L i HOI KHAI AN OEN TRAN (NAM DINH)
D
i tfch dfin Tran nim tai phuflng Lfic Vupng ttiinh phfi liBm Djnh, la nffl ttid cic vua nha f i i r i d n g cflc quan lai d cfing phfl B nha Tiin. Oln Tiin bao gfim 3 cfing ttinh k i ^ ttflc ch&ih B den ThiSn Tnidng (hay dfin Thupng), din Co Trad (hay dfin Ha) va den Tiflng Hra. L l hpi dfin Tiin dUpc to dflc ttong cflc ngay ttt ngay 16 den ngay 20 ttiiiig 8 am I j * nhim tti an cfing dflc cfla 14 vj vua Tiin. Ttt nam 2000, Nam Ojnh l l dflc H Khai an diu xuan tei din Tiin vao rang sing ngay 15 Ihang GiSng hang nam.Nguon go'c.y nghia va nghi l l to chflc l l hpi Khai an den Tran
A(guln gfic//d sfi'
Tbeo I j d stt ghi lai, H Khai an diu ttSn cfla fliffl flai nha Tran duoc bat d i u vio khdng ttig ky ttitt XIII (nim 1239). Oiy * l n h B nghi H t l B flSn cfla dfing hp nha Tiin, tai Phfl ThiSn Tmflng vua nha Trin md ttSc chlSu dai va phong * f l c cho nhttng' vi quan d d n g vffl ttilu dnh. Trong nhttng nSm khing chiln (*ifing NguySn - Mfing, I I Khai I n bi giSn dran khflng l l dttc duoc. Nam Nham Tual (1262), vua Tiin Thinh Tfing v l quS Tflc Mac d l ban ttSe Ifln, ttiang Tdc Mae ISn fliflnh phfl ThiSn Tmflng, xiy ttianh dfl, cung dSn nguy nga fring IS. Sau khi nhSTiin suy vong, din dfli cung fflSn ttiSnh phg ttch, an cfl d a flilu dai nha Tiin bi ttlit lac Cho din nam 1822, vua Minh Mang d ghe ttiam ThiSn Tnidng va cho ichae lai d i & In. A l CO khac B T i i n ttifiu d i bio" i n md khac l i T i i n ttilu fflIn cff' d l nhic lal fl*' cfl duffl dfi d ttiSm d u T i * phflc vfl cuong".'
/nghfa cfla lehdiKhaian
Lfi Khai i n diu xufln tai dfin Tiin difin ra vao gifl Ty dem 14 rang ngay 15 ttiang GiSng. Rim fliang Gang te Tlt NguySn flSu, B t i i n frang dau ttSn d a mflt nam. Theo tti duy cua ra dan nfing nghiSp Ifla nudc flii ngay nay d inh hufflig din d n g viSc d a ra nam "Cflng bfli ra nam, khflng bing ram Thing GiSng. Cfin gid Ty B ttiffl film d u y l n giao gitta
• Tkcu sl. Hoc vien Chinh IriKhuvUc I.
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NGUYEN THf TH6U*
ngay d sang ngiy m d , ttong ttiip nhj * i flil * l Ty • dttng diu. Nguffl xua quan niSm "Nhan sinh khd Ty, ThiSn dja khffl Ngp" (ran ngufli te bat diu mpt d n g vise vao gid Ty, frd dat tu hpi v i o g i * Ngg). V d tti duy nhu viy nSn ngW I I niy phin inh mflt l i p tuc nghi Ifi cd: Sau nhttng ngiy nghi tlL ttt ram ttiing GiSng thl frieu dnh frfii lai lam vific binh ttittflng.
Nhu viy, "Khai i n " * i n h B md d i u ngiy lim vific cfla met nam mffl, B mpt l i p tuc van hfia raang ttiih nhSn vin d l nhi vua tg l l trffl. O i l , Tifin t l ttil hiin Iflng thanh kinh bilt on non sfing, cha fing, dSy cflng dupc coi B tin hiSu nhac nhd kgt thflc nhttng ngiy tgt d tniyfin dan Ifle.
Nghi ieti chdc ii hdi
Theo tniyfin ttiuygt xa xua, Ifi hffl Khai i n dupc fliyc hipn hing nam v i kio dii ttong d c ngiy 14, 15,16 thing GiSng. Tuy nhiSn, vi vise t l d d c fi hffl rit Ifin kem v i vat v i nSn dnh Ipi d i hop tg v i o d c nim Ty, Ngp, MSo, Diu'".
Sing ngay 14 Thing GiSng nhin dSn lang Tdc Mac sda scan kISu d l ehuan bj cho bull fi Khai I n , dfing fliffl chuin hi bao s i i d l thd, sam sda d l t l l l , phan cfing lyc iupng ttiam gB bufi 11. NgSy ttiudng qua i n diyc luu gitt tei dfin Cfi Trach - nffl ttifl Ddc Thinh Tiin. Trade gifl Ty, mffl nguffl ttiam dtt tip Ining tai dfin Cfi T r a d , M n radc chuan bi. Dflng gid Ty, d c cu rao ttjfi dai diSn * o din ling mio i o d i i , khin xgp iam fi I I xin 00c Thanh Tran duoi; nrOc i n sang din ThiSn Tnrdng khai an. Hfim dung i n dupc ChuySn ra kiSu, dofln radc i n t l d d c rit ttong t h l ffl dau cfl d fllin nil din phfl gii bao gfim kigm ISnh, hflt bifiu, chap kich, rfi dgn mSm hra qui, flip din IS kiSu rud; hflm i n , dpi bit am, sau d n g B doan t l cung k h a * hanh huong. Dofln d ttieo nhip frfinq chiSng v d g quanh h i vSo san dfin ThiSn Tradiq Tai day kiSu i n dupc dat frang frong phB ttufle sari
i • liiBOcTko (2010), Trin miiu (Din Trin • Nam Btnh) dt san ui Hn ngudng din gian Nxb Valt- Tkdng tin. Hi Nil, 1^152. '^"" ' " »
TAP C K l G l A o o g c l « U ) » N - s 6 247 (6/2016)
IHJHBTIH- TUUEU- SUKIEH
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hinh fi n d dat ban ttifl Tmng ttiiSn" d l ISm le dang huong le c i o frffl dal. Dpi lg sap xlp hing ngu do Ing * f l tg * i buy, ttgp tijc Bm fi tei ban ttifl Tran Trilu list miiu flen h d n g dg Than vj". Hflm dyng an dupc dang ISn ban flifl va flng d f l k dpc d f l c v i n cfi npi dung dai y xin cic Hdng dg n h i Tran duoe khai i n ban phflc d o mufin dan.
Tilp ttieo B phin khai an. Cac cu rao niSn ngoi fliinh hang phfe dud ban flifl tx vua. Ngud d f l fi ngfii dinh gitta, d 2 nguffl giflp viec, mpt ehuan bj giiy, mat duan bj mye d i y phia sau B d e dai bilu dupc md fliam dy Le Khai i n . ChiSng frong n i l len, hfim I n dupc md ra, flng d f l 8 dong d c i i an diii flfin. Xn T i i n Miiu fli d i n " dflng ttudc ehinh gitta tfl . gily, figp dfi dau T i i n Migu" (diu nho) dupc dflng phia duffl. NhOng nam gin day rac td giay diipe thay bang v i i d l bin hon tiinh bj iich. NhOng B an duoc dfing diu ttSn danh dang lin d c nd ttid lien quan din nhi Tiln d da phuong nhu Oln ThiSn TniOng, dfin Cfi T r a * , * f l a Phi Minh, fflnh Tfle Mae, dnh Bfing Kinh, dnh Thupng Bffl, dnh VTnh Traflng, fflnh
* f l a Thupng Lfii. Sau nfly d n dang ttiSm d d e d ftii fliffl Trin md dupe phue dung d dja phupng.
Tilp flieo d c l i i n dupc lin l u d phit eho ngud ttiam dyvadu khieh.
Npi dung, y nghia va gB tri nguyin ban cfla chiec an d i n Trin
An den Tiin dupc lim bang g l , bSn ngofli bpc dSng, mat i n d kich fliude 13em x 13cm, khic noi 4 chtt Hin T r i n Miiu ly d i n " flieo kilu chO chan, mat nam cfla nflm an khac chim 4 chtt HSn Tich phflc v i cuong". TrSn nflm I n khac mpt chO Thuong" d l khi dflng frinh nham. Ngoii i n ' f r i n MISu tti diln" d n B ^ diu nho gffl te diu KiSm cung duoc Bm bang go, m i l diu d kich ttiudc 5cm x 2,6cm khic nfi hai
* t t Hin T i l n Miiu" Oieo kilu cho frien, fren nflm khac cho "Chinh". Khi khai an, i n T i i n Miiu tu d i n "
dfing fluflc d chlnh gitta tfl giay, dSu kifim T r i n M l u ' dupe dfing sau, d phB dud,
Ve npi dung, y nghia dia An nhu sau:
• T r i n Miiu tu diln": Nghia B fflIn IS Bid |u tei miiu nha (ho) Trin.
•Tfch pliflc vfl cuong": Nghia B ban phflc lflc dai lau mSi mai.
- T r i n Miiu": Nghia la Miiu ttid nha Tran - Chtt Thuong" va chO "Chlnh" khic ten nflm an
mang y nghia khi dong phii ttiuan flieo hinh flil d t t flanh dong ngupc.
Nhu vay, an T i i n Migu tti fflIn" khing phii te I n hanh d i n h ma no * i mang y nghia ve fflIn IS ttid tti fl "Mieu Tiin". Tuy ttig nhung Xn niy dupe thd vS Jgn hanh nghi LS Khai an ttong mpt khing gian ttliSng, nd flid rac vua Tran va Ode Thinh Tran nSn nfl mang ygu to fln nguflng, tem linh sau sac
- Ve gii tn nguyen ban eda chiec in den Tran Tign sT Luong Hong Quang, Vien pho ViSn Vin hoa nghe fliuat Viet Nam, ngud tnlc figp ttiuc hiSn OS an "Khfi phyc fi hfi den Tiln" cho bigt muc dch d a vipc phue dung d c nghi fi ttuyin thfing noi riSng va ttiyc bien OS i n niy nd * u n g dinh B "flieo ySu rau d a ngud dSn" va "md rpng phan hd de Bm sang to ban * a t cfla fi Khai i n dfin Trin''". Quan niem frong dan gBn, khi d tfl B i n nfly cung nhu ipe Vua, Ipc Thinh ban cho d l by vpng d sy ehe chd phfl hp trang cupc song.
Giao s y Tiin si NguySn Chl Ben, ViSn tmflng Vien ySn^hfia nghe fliuat Viet Nam, khang djnh: LS Khai an vin B mpt fi hpi rap Bng do nguffl din ban da phuc dyng va t l d f l c . Den Tiin B nd d c Thai ttiupng hoang ttiuflng ve nghi ngd, t l ehfle ban phat lflc * o dong hp va nguffl trong vflng. Nhung dffi vffl vise phit an hang nam ttii ran phii xflc djnh ro d l
"giii ttiiSng" B B an nay khflng phii B cfla irilu fflnh hay cfla vua, ma chi B cfla mflt ngfi dfin d phuflng Lfic Vupng, ttiSnh phfi Nam Ojnh. Lim rfi gra tri efla la an^nay, flng BSn cho bllt: y nghia cfla dflng chtt frSn i n Tich phuc vfi cuong" hoan toin khfing IiSn quan dgn quyfin lue hay lien Bi, mfl vipc lay i'n d l d chttc quyen B do md nguffl tti nghTra". Vi vay, "Khai i n d i B de fliuc hanh mpt ngiii fi, mpt tin nguflng".
iDng Nguyen Van Tbu, Giim dfie Bao Bng Nam
•Ojnh, mpt flong nhflng nguffl day d n g nhat flong nghien cttu vS vuong ttieu nha Tran, khing fflnh: Tu liSu ttt^ dinii sfl va d c nghiSn edu dfiu Bm ro ie Khai i n den Tran chi B mpt nghi flittc fluyen ttifing dinh diu flid d i m bat dau boat dpng frd lai sau khi nghi Tlt d a d c don vj hanh * I n h flid pbong kiln ttid Tiin. La i n d u a tttng d gia ttj phong dttc tide hay ban Ipc..'"'.
TAP CHi GlAO Dye IY L U A N - S6 247 (6/2016)
2 http: I tu,wu,.thanhnUsn.com.vnldol-songlvan- tueu-sai-gu,-tri.an-den-tran-3352.htn,l 3 'tttplluiww.thanhnUin.eom.vnldoi songlvan- h"!u-sai-gut-lri-an-den-lran-3352klml
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THnuTm-muti-sHn^
su bien doi cua tl hpi Khai an den Tran Ti^ nim 2000 dgn n'ay, 11 Khai an dau xuan d den Trin duoc UBND TTnh; Sd Van hfla, ttil ttiao vi du Ijd tinh Nam Ojnh chi dao t l ehtte. Lflc dau IS Khai an vfin d i difin ra frong khflng gian iflng Ttte Mac, bo hep ttong pham vi dfing hp Trin vi
* i dflng mpt sfi an de ttifl trong d c ngfli din d khu vyc. VI viy, sfi ngud tham dy cflng tt, d c l i an dupe dfing ngay tei bull fi vi phit d o nhttng nguffl frong Bng d nhu rau mang v l nhi nhu mpt mfin lfic diu xuin de d u may. Qua thffl gian, l l Khai an din Tiin ttd ttiinh mpt fi hfii phit triln ci
ngam v l vific Xn dfi mang lai quyin luc, su may min v l dflc quyfin cho ngufli d dupc Xn bd ttiinh fflfiu hiln nhiSn.
OSm Khai an din Tiln tel Nam Djnh, d nim nhiSt dp xufing duffl 10 dp C. Tuy nhisii, hing van ngiid i^n tip frung dpi gid khai in. Dgn gid phit in (dSm ngfly 14 ttiing dsng), sfi luong nguffl xip Wn^
tei hai nhi Giii vu dffl mua Xn chit nhu nim, den lin, ttio ISn nhau dl tranh raua in. bg khlc phyc Snh ttang tin, tti nam 2014, Ban Tfi dttc II hfil Khai In din Tian khflng t i dflc phit Indonhindinvidy vg quy mfi, sfi lupng vi d i t lupngi thu hflt dfing '^ "*" ^fif "Siy M ttiing GiSng mi Xn sS duoc phit die khich ttiip pliuong dgn fliam dy, dfing Oiffl d bat dfiu ttt 7 gidsing ngiy 15 ttiing Gifing.
sy ttiam gra dy fi da nhilu quan khieh, chinh Ll hfi Khffl an d&i Ti|n d y nghfe l i * stt, nhin quyin d[a phuong vi da| bilu linh dao d c rap. vin sSu sac, B djp dl nhan din ttifflig nhfl v l mpt Cic B an dupe dflng san vi dyng trang nhttng tang stt bio hflng cfla din tpc vffl dc vo dng, yah d i l c hom dl dip dng nhu rau xin an efla dfing
dio quan ehflng v l dy ^. Cflng vd phit an (dflng ra B bin an) dn d ci te Bfla d nhifiu hpa till d in d c d u dtt liSn quan din vific d u tei lfic, ttin yim ma quy, khiln * o Ll Khai an Oln Tiln mil ffl y nghTa fruyin ttifing.
Bfin ranh dfi, khi phuc dyng fi hfii Khai in Oil y
frj ttid Tiin, 3 Iln khing chiln M n g xim lupc Nguyfin - Mfing ttiing Id. Di dy LS Khai in din TiSn d n B mfll cufic du xuan, hinh huong v l quS huong nhi Tran xin Ipc d u may dl ttn ttidng, hy vpng vio fliinh dng flong cupc sfing.
06 B mpt nil van hoa dep frong ttuyin ttifing v i nghTa cfla mfit ttifl tuc hinh *lnh di hdn ttiin bj fl" nguflng da nguffl din bin ffla vi d c VOng Iin biin mat, ttiay vie dfl, nguffl te gin * o fi Khai in vi dn. Do dfi, duy tti, phit huy nhttng gii fli tt* cue cfla B in nhilu dfiu nham lim gB tri cfla li In "nang" fi hd niy B viSc nSn Bm. BSn ranh dfi de M quan, ttiSm vfi nhilu nghia. Mat khic, dl ttiyfin ttuyin, ban nginh dflc nang vi don vj t l *flc fi hfi dng nguffl te da "nflng dp" y nghTa cfla Xn vi vipc khai can d dc biSn phip ttiyfin ttuyin do d c Ilng Idp in ISn ttiSnh viSc da ttilu dnh nhi Tiin, cfla ISnh nhan dan hilu y nghia ttiuc sy cfla fi hffl l«ial Si din dao nhi nuflc duong da. Do dfi, mfif ttifing dip Tiin, fri lai gii t l nguySn ven cho fi hffl Khai In.B'
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