TIMH WONH RUOIVG DAT CIJA H U Y E ^ BA BE, TE^U B A C C A ] \ mJA DAU THE K Y X I X QUA TlT LIEU DIA BA
NGUYfeN Dtrc T H A N G *
1. K h a i q u a t v e d i e n e a c h c u a h u y e n Ba Be t h d i N g u y e n
Huyen Ba Be thdi N g u y i n thugc chau Bach Thong, p h u Thdng Hda, t i n h Thai Nguyen. Sach "Dgi Nam nhdt thd'ng ehi' ch^p ve chau Bach Thong nhU sau: "d cdch phu 41 dam vi phia Tdy; ddng tdy cdch nhau 271 dam, nam bdc cdch nhau 283 dam; phia ddng den dia gidi chdu Vu Nhai phu'Phu Binh 188 dam, phia tdy den dig gidi chdu Chiem Hod tinh Tuyen Quang 83 dam, phia nam den dia gidi huyen Phu LUdng vd chdu Dinh phu Tung Hod 100 dam, phia Bdc den dia gidi huyen Vinh Dien tinh Tuyen Quang 103 dam. Tii ddi Trdn vi triidc. ggi Id huyen Vinh Thdng;
thdi ih-tdc Minh vdn theo nhii the, le phu Thdi Nguyen; ddi Le ddi ten hien nay vd ggi Id chdu, le phu Tung Hod, do phien thdn hg Hodng not ddi qudn tri; bdn triiu ddu ddi Gia Long vdn theo nhU the; ndm Minh Menh thd 16 ddi ddt liiu quan. Lanh 9 tdng, 60 xd" (1). Thdi kf nay mgt loat dia danh cua h u y e n Ba Be da dUde ghi chdp trong Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi nhU la ckc ddn •vi h a n h chinh chfnh thUe: Chg Ha Hieu, Chd Q u a n g Khe, pho Chg Ra (2).
Den n a m Minh Menh thfl* 16 (1835) t i n h T h a i Nguyen gdm 3 phu la: Tdng Hoa, P h u Binh va Thdng Hoa. B i c Kan ngay nay ve cd b a n v i n la d i t p h u Thong Hda gdm chau Bach Thdng (nay la d i t cac huyen Bach Thdn^, Chd Ddn, Chd Ra (tflc huyen Ba Be), h u y e n Cam Hoa (nay thugc dia p h a n cac h u y e n Na Ri, Ngan Sdn, •vung P h u Thdng cua huygn Bach Thdng).
Theo sach Ten lang xd Viet Nam ddu the ky XIX thi gidi h a n huyen Bach Thong gdm ba tdng la Thugng Giao, Ha Hieu, Quang Khe.
"- Tong ThUdng Gido cd 9 xd: Dia Linh, Cdng Bat, Xudn PhUdng, Cao Tri, Banh Trgch, Hdng La, Bgo Thi, Nhgn Mdn, Nhdn Thiep.
- Tong Hg Hieu cd 7 xd, trang: Hg Hieu, Chu Hoa, Cao ThUdng. Nghiem Loan, Bdng Thdnh, Co Dgo, Da Nham.
- Tdng Qudng Khe cd 6 xd, trang: Qudng Khe, Bang Chdu, Dong Phuc, Nam Mdu, Xudn CUu, trang My Hod Bdn" (3).
Sach Dong Khdnh dU dia chi da chfl thfch ve duyen each cua chau Bach Thong nhfl sau: "Chdu Bgch Thdng ddi Ly -Trdn
TrUdng Dai hgc Thai Nguyen
60 Rghien ciJru Ljeh siir. s6 4.2Q1Q
Id dd't huyen Vinh Thdng, ddi thudc Minh ddi ldm chdu Vinh Thdng. Ndm Quang
Thudn thd 7 (1466) ddi Le Thdnh Tdng ddi ldm chdu Bgch Thdng, ddt thudc phu Thdng Hda. Qua cdc triiu dgi sau deu khdng thay ddi. Nay Id cdc huyen Bgch Thdng, Chd Don, Ba Be tinh Bac Kan" (4).
Huyen Ba Be gdm 23 xa thdn thugc ba tdng nhu sau:
"- Tdng Quang Khe, 6 xa:
1. Quang Khe 2. Ddng Phflc 3. My Hoa 4. Xuan 6 5. Bing Chau 6. Nam M l u
- Tdng Thflgng Giao, 11 xa:
1. Thfldng Giao 2. Cdng Bat 3. Bgc Bd 4. Xuan Phfldng 5. Xuan La 6. Nhan Mon 7. Nhan Tie'p 8. Banh Trach 9. Dia Linh 10. Truyen Cd 11. Cao Tri
- Tdng Ha Hieu, 7 xa:
l . X a H a H i e u 2. Xa Da Nham 3. Xa Nghiem Loan 4. Xa Chfl Hfldng 5. Xa Cao ThUdng 6. Xa Cd Dao
7. Xa Bing Thanh" (5)
NhUng theo tac p h l m Ten lang xd vd dia dii cdc tinh Bac Ky cua tac gia Ngo Vi Liin x u i t ban nam 1938, den dlu the ky XIX, huygn Ba Be cd ten 11 chau Chd Ra va cd t i t ca 24 xa, trong dd cd 23 xa thugc 3 tdng neu tren va xa Hoang Tri thugc tdng Nhu Viin (6).
2. Tinh hinh ruong dcit
Tinh hinh rugng da't cua huyen Ba Be, tinh Bic Kan nfla d l u the ky XIX dUdc nghien cflu qua cac dia ba lap vao dlu trieu Nguyen d cac nien dai Gia Long 4 (1805) va Minh Menh 21 (1840) vdi tdng sdcd 22 ddn
•vi dia ba.
Cac dia ba tren deu la ban chfnh viet b i n g chfl Han hign dfldc lflu tai Trung tam lflu trfl qud'c gia I, Ha Ngi. Cd 22 xa tren tdng so' 24 xa cua huyen, d nfla d i u the ky XIX, cd dia ba Minh Menh 21. Trong dd cd 1 dia ba dfldc lap vao thdi diem Gia Long 4 va 21 dia ba dfldc lap vao thdi diem Minh Menh 21.
Rugng da't cua 22 xa huyen Ba Be theo thd'ng ke trong tfl lieu dia ba cu the nhfl bang 1.
So'heu tfl bang 1 cho thiy, phln ldn rugng da't cua huyen Ba Be deu la rugng Ui. Khong ke rugng lflu hoang, so' tfl dien thflc trUng la 2703.6.4.3.8 tren tdng sd rugng dit la 2912.6.2.2. So'thd trach vien tri, t h i n tfl, phat tfl, tha ma mg dia chiem so' lfldng khong dang ke. Ca ba loai rugng dd mdi chi cd 85.9.5.0 / 2912.6.2.2. De Wnh dung ro hdn ty le cac loai rugng nay tren td'ng so'rugng da't cua huyen Ba Be, chiing tdi da thd'ng ke so'heu d bang 2.
Sd lieu d bang 2 cho thiy, g i n nhfl toan bg dien tfch da't dai cua huygn Ba Be d nika d l u the ky XIX la tii diin vd tii thd chfl khdng cd rugng dd't cdng.
Tinh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen Ba Be. 61 B a n g 1: T h o n g k e so r u o n g d a t c u a h u y e n B a Be
Don vj; m.a.th.t.p (M5U, sko, thu6c, ta'c, phan) (7)
SoTT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
17 18 19 20 21 22
Ten lang xa Ten
tong
a
o O
bJD
C
3
Tong Cong: 3
Ten xa Nam M S U Quang Khe Bang Chau Dong Phiic MfUok Xuan 6 T r u y i n Co Cao Tri ThUcJng Giao Giao Lang Dia Linh Hong La Xuan PhUdng Nhan Tiep Boc Bo Co Dao Chu Hoa B l n g Thanh Cao Thu((?ng Nghiem Loan Ha Hi^u Da Nham
22
Tong di^n tich ruong da't fm.s.th.t.pj 21.7.7.5 140.0.3.4 167.2.3.6 255.5.1.4 21.8.6.8 67.0.7.1 19.7.9.1 380.0.12.1
208.3.5.7 29.7.14.0 241.3.9.8 59.3.4.8 210.9.13.9
101.4.2 58.2.6.3 150.2.3.7 301.8.14.7
62.0.9.4 145.5.13.4
56.3.13.8 123.0.5 90.6.14.7 2912.6.2.2
Tu dien LUu
Hoang
17.3.9.1 51.8.1 28.7.14
24.2.13.7.2
123i).7A2
Thi,(c trung 19.2.7.5 136.0.3.4 162.7.3.6 250.5.1.4 21.8.6.8 65.0,7.1 375.5.12.1 151.5.4.7<*>
236.8.4.8 56.3.4.8 203.2.13.9
101.4.2 58.2.6.3 147.1.3.7 286.8.14.7 33.2.10.6.8 138.5.13.4 53.3.13.8
118.0.5 87.6.14.7 2703.84.3.8
Tho trach, vien tri
2.5.0.0 4.0.0.0 4.5.0.0 5.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 2.4.0.0 4.5.0.0 5.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 4.5.5.0 3.0,0,0
3.1.0.0 9.0.0.0 4.5.0.0 7.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 5.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 T3J0J5J0
Cac lo^i da't khac Th^n tu,
phat t\f
0.7.0.0
6,0.0.0
a7jOi)
Tha ma mg dja
6.2,0.0
&2S)X>
Ngudn: Theo thd'ng ke 22 dia bg Gia Long 4 (1805) vd Minh Menh 21 (1840) B a n g 2: Ty le p h a n b o c a c loai r u o n g d a t c u a h u y e n B a Be STT
1
2 3
Loai r u o n g - Tu dien:
-t- Thue trUng:
-1- Luu hoang:
- Thd trach, vien tri:
- Cac loai da't khac:
+ Than tfl, phat tU:
-1- Tha ma, mg dia:
Tdng:
Dien tich (m.s.th.t) 2826.6.12.2 2703.6.4.3.8 123.0.7.8.2 73.0.5.0 12.9.0.0 6.7.0.0 6.2.0.0 2912.6.2.2
Ty le (%) 97,08 92,85 4,23 2,50 0,42 0,21 0,21 100,00 Ngudn: Theo thd'ng ke 22 dia bg Gia Long 4 (1805) va Minh Menh 21 (1840)
62 Rghien ciiru Lich sir. s6 4.2010 Rugng da't thflc trflng chiem 92,85%,
rugng lflu hoang chiem 4,23%, trong dd 100% la dien chfl khong cd thd. Neu so sanh vdi ty le so' rugng lflu hoang cua 8 tinh ddng b i n g song Hdng 11 21,75% (8) thi ty le lflu hoang cua huyen Ba Be nhd hdn rat nhieu.
Tuy nhien, dac diem cd ban cua tinh hinh lflu hoang d day la hign tfldng lflu
tha'y sd hflu tU nhan d Ha Dong d i u the ky XIX chiem 65,34% trong tdng so'rugng dit.
Biet r i n g cflng vao khoang thdi gian dd, ty lg rugng tfl tren quy mo ca nfldc chiem 82,9%"
- Quy md tii hiiu rugng ddt
Qui mo sd hflu rugng tfl cua huyen Ba Be cd nhieu loai, nhflng ve cd ban cd 4 loai nhfl tho'ng ke d bang 3.
Bang 3: Quy mo tfl hflu rugng dat huyen Ba Be
Q u y m o s d hflu
< 1 mau l->5 mau 5->10 mau 10->20 m i u T o n g c o n g
So c h u 2 184 258 29
473
Ty le (%) 0,42 38,90 54,54 6,14
100
D i e n t i e h ad hufu 1.3.7.5 608.4.10.1.8
1758.6.11.6 335.1.5.1
2703.6.4.3.8
Ty le (%) 0,04 22,50 65,06 12,40
100,00 Nguon: Theo thdng ki22diabg Gia Ixing 4 (1805) vd Minh Minh 21 (1840)
hoang ca mgt xa nhfl hai xa Truyen Co', Giao Lang. Ngoai ra, so' rugng lflu hoang d cac xa khac la tfldng dd'i ldn, nhfl d xa Thfldng Giao 24,51%, xa Bang Thanh 38,70%. Sd di cd hien tfldng dd la do cac xa dd la dia ban xay ra cac cugc chien tranh ndng dan kdo dai d thdi ky cuo'i Le - d l u Nguyin. Dac biet la anh hudng tfl cugc khdi nghia cua Nong Van Van (7/1833- 3/1835). Huyen Ba Be la dia ban hoat dgng cua nghia quan Ndng Van Van. Tren dia ban huyen cung da nd ra nhflng tran danh het sflc quye't liet gifla quan trieu dinh va nghia quan. Tieu bieu la tran danh bai dao quan Thai Nguyen cua trieu dinh no ra tren dia ban xa B i n g Thanh.
Neu so sanh vdi ty le rugng tU d vflng ddng bing va cua ca- nfldc thi ty le tU dien, tu thd (97,08%) cua huyen Ba Be ldn hdn nhieu. O Ha Ddng, "so' lieu tho'ng ke cho
Chung ta tha'y so' ngfldi sd hflu dfldi 1 m i u r i t ft, chi cd 2 ngfldi chiem 0,42% so' chu va chiem 0,04% tdng dien tfch rugng da't. Trong khi dd cd tdi 65,06% rugng dit n i m trong tay t i n g Idp kha gia, sd hflu tfl 5 den 10 miu.
- Binh qudn sd hiiu cua mdt chu
Tinh hinh tfl dien trong 22 xa va binh quan sd hflu cua mgt chu cua huygn Ba Be theo dia ba Minh Menh 21 dflgc the hien qua bang 4.
So' chu sd hflu cua cac xa cung cd sfl chenh lech dang ke. Nhflng xa cd nhieu chu sd hflu nha't la Xuan Phfldng (48 chu ), Chfl Hoa (43), Dia Linh, Ha Hieu (41)... Trong khi cd xa cd dien tfch tfl hflu nhflng khdng cd mgt chu nao nhU Truyen Cd va Giao, Lang. Cd the rugng d i t tU dd thugc dien t h i n tfl, Phat tu, tha ma, mg dia.
Hnh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen Ba Be... 63
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tong ct
Ten T o n g
C 3
o
>C0
O
•o-C
<o-3 K
cij.
X
n g : 3
Bang 4: Binh quan sd hflu cua mot chu
T e n X a Nam M 5 U
Quang Khe B l n g Chau Dong Phiic Tr. My Hoa Ban Xuan 6 Truyen Co Cao Tri ThU(?ng Giao Giao Lang Dia Linh Hong La Xuan PhUdng Nhan Tiep Boc Bo Co Dao Chu Hoa Bang Thanh Cao ThU<?ng Nghiem Loan Ha Hi$u Da Nham
22
Ta dien
19.2.7.5 136.0.3.4 162,7,3,6 250,5,1.4 21.8.6.8 65.0.7.1 17.3.9.1 375.5.12.1
203.3.5.7 28.7.14 236.8.4.8
56.3.4.8 203.2,13,9
101.4.2 58.2.6.3 147.1.3.7 286,8.14.7 57.5.9.4 138.5.13.4
53.3.13.8 118.0.5 87.6.14.7 2912.6.22
Di^n tich c6 th§
t i n h sd hufu 19.2.7.5 136.0.3.4 162.7.3.6 250.5.1.4 21.8.6.8 65,0.7.1 375,5,12.1 151.5.4.7<*'
236.8.4.8 56.3.4.8 203.2,13,9
101.4.2 58.2.6.3 147,1.3.7 286.8.14,7 33.2.10,6.8 138.5.13.4 53.3.13.8
118.0.5 87 6.14.7 2703.6.4.3.8
ruong
So c h u 12 18 23 31 9 18 37 25 41 11 48 11 10 24 43 11 30 9 41 21 473
Binh quan sd huTu mpt chu
1.6.0.6 7.5.9.5 7.0.12.2 8.2.6.3 2.4.4,1 3,6,2.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.7.6 6.0.9.1 0.0.0.0 5.7.11.4
5.1.3.1 4.2.5.2 9,2,2 5.8.3.6 6.1.4.5 6.6.10,8 3,0,3,8.8
4.6.2.9 5.9.4.8 2.0.13.0 4.1.11.4 5.7.2.3.8 (*) trong do co 2 mdu thdn tii
Nguon: Theo tho'ng ke 22 dia b<^ Gia Long 4 (1805) vd Minh M$nh 21 (1840)
- Quy md sd hiiu rugng ddt theo nhdm hg Cd 473 chu sd hflu chia thanh 51 nhdm hg nhflng mfle do sd hflu la kha chenh lech.
Nhflng hg ldn cd so' lfldng ddng n h i t la cac hg Ma, Hoang, Ndng, Dfldng vdi 245 chfl rugng sd hflu so' lfldng rugng d i t kha ldn - 1392.0.8.27mau, chiem 51,61% tdng dien tfch rugng da't. Trong khi 21 hg cdn lai chi CO 1 chu rugng va chi chiem hflu 112.8.4.2 mlu ( 24,99%). Mfle sd hflu rugng d i t ddng nhit la hg Ma vdi 81 chu rugng, vdi dien tfch la 510.6.12.3.7. Ngfldc lai, hg Hia chf CO mgt ngfldi va khdng cd rugng da't. Ngay
ca trong mgt ddng hg cung cd sfl chenh lech ve so' chu rugng va dien tfch sd hflu. Liy hg Ma la ddng hg cd so' Iflgng ddng nhit iam vf du, hg Ma cd hg Ma Van vdi so' ehu rugng la 53 ngfldi tren tdng so'81 chiem 65,4 %, va sd hflu mgt dien tfch rugng la 350.5.5.5.1 tren tdng sd 510.6.12.3.7, chiem hdn 68,63%.
So' lfldng nhdm hg sd hflu rugng d i t d Ba Be, so vdi cac huyen lan can trong tinh cflng thdi diem nam 1840 nhfl huyen Ngan Sdn, Chd Ddn la kha ldn. Ba Be la 51 hg trong khi Ngan Sdn la 37 hg va Chd Ddn la 27 (10). Sd di nhfl vay vi ben canh cac ddng
64 Rghien cmi Lich siSr. s6 4.2Q1Q
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 " "
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
T o n g
B a n g 5: Sd hflu N h 6 m h o
Be Ban BUi Cao Chu Duong Dao Dong Dong D6 Dinh Dam Ha Ha Hoan Hia Hoang Nguyin Luc To Vi Ma U Gia ThUdng TrUdng Phan Trieu S i m PhUdng LUdng L§nh Nong La Mong Le Tri?u Loc Me Ngo Quan Vi Ly T r i n Toan Le Kim Ma La Mach Lo
Khong ro- hp 52
r u o n g d a t t h T o n g s o chu/ty 1^ (%)
30 1 1 1 5 57
4 18
2 1 1 5 1 12
1 1 71 30 6 6 6 81 10 18 1 3 4 8 5 3 27
1 36 3 2 2 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 6 473
6,34 0,21 0,21 0,21 1,06 12,05
0,84 3,80 0,42 0,21 0,21 1,06 0,21 2,54 0,21 0,21 15,01
6,34 1,27 1,27 1,27 16,94
2,11 3,80 0,21 0,63 0,84 1,69 1,06 0,63 5,70 0,21 7,61 0,63 0,42 0,42 1,06 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,42 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,63 0,21 0,21 0,42 1,27 100%
eo n h o m ho d h u y e n Ba Be Di^n t i c h sd hufu
(ni.s.th.t) 202,3,11.8 4.3.5.0 8.6.0.0 10.8.5.1 37.0.6.3 346,0.3.8
18.8.6.0 92.8.6.1 9,0.0.0 3.0.0.0 4.8.6.0 26.3.3.7 4,8.0.0 64,0,1,2 7.8,11.1 0.0.0.0 365.1.5 202.3.11.8
49,9,0.0 46.6.11.8.1
44,6.4.1 510,6.12.3.7
66.8.13.2 109.3,9,7 11,5,0,0 19,1.8.5 27,2,0.0 51.1.10.9
26.2.0.0 18.2.0.0 139.3.5.2
2.2.0.0 171.2.2,1 15.5.14,6 8.6.1.6 11.2,2,5 21.6,0.0 6.9.0,0 4.2.0,0 2.3.2.0 4.6.0,0 6.6.0,0 7.0.0.0 4.8.0.0 5.0.0.0 5,3,0.0 2,0.0.0 14.5.0.0
5.4.1.0 7,3,4.0 10.0.0.0 14.9.7.0 2703.6.4.3.8
T^ 1? (%) 7,53 0,15 0,30 0,37 1,38 12,90
0,67 3,43 0,33 0,11 0,15 0,97 0,15 2,39 0,26 0 13,57
7,53 1,82 1,67 1,64 17,89
2,46 4,06 0,41 0,70 1,0 1,90 0,97 0,67 5,18 0,67 6,37 0,56 0,30 0,41 0,78 0,22 0,15 0,07 0,15 0,22 0,26 0,15 0,19 0,19 0,07 0,52 0,19 0,26 0,37 0,52 100%
Phynuf
2 ngUdi
Ngu6n: Theo thd'ng killdiabg Gia Dmg 4 (1805) va Minh Menh 21 (1840)
Tinh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen Ba 3i. 65 hg dan tgc thieu so' cdn cd sU xua't hien cua
nhflng ddng hg cua ngfldi Kinh d Ba Be, iam tang them sd lfldng cac nhdm hg ndi day nhfl: hg Nguyen, hg Trin, hg Dinh...
Huyen Ba Be tflng la dia ban thu hflt ngfldi Kinh len day iam an, buon ban. Mgt so' chg nhfl Ha Hieu, Quang Khe dfldc ghi ch6p trong Dgi nam nhdt thd'ng chi nhfl sau:
"Chd Hg Hieu, chd Quang Khe... NgUdi Thanh, ngiidi Thd, ngiidi Kinh, ngiidi Nung didn ldn, diu dchdu Bgch Thdng" (11).
Trong sd 473 chu sd hflu neu tren chi cd 2 chu rugng la nfl va chi sd hflu 11.9 mlu.
Do dia ban mien nui cdn chiu anh hfldng nang ne cua che do Quing nen so' chu nfl sd hflu rugng d i t la khdng dang ke (0,42%
tong so'chu sd hflu).
Ngan Sdn chi cd ly trfldng, dich muc, cdn d Chd Ddn la ly trfldng, dich muc, hfldng muc, thi d Ba Be cd sii xua't hign cua ca Sic muc, xa trfldng, cai tdng, khan thu ben canh ly trfldng, dich muc, hfldng muc.
So' lfldng chflc dich khdng cd rugng d i t chiem sd lfldng nhd, chi cd 8/50 ngfldi bing 16%, gdm cd sic muc, xa trfldng, ly trfldng, dich muc, cai tdng, khan thu. T i t ca nhflng ngfldi nay khong cd rugng d i t d cac xa nham chflc.
So' chflc dich sd hflu tfl 1 den 5 miu la 14 tren tdng sd 50 ngfldi (chiem 28%).
Nhieu n h i t la cac chflc dich sd hflu tren 5 m i u 23/50 ngfldi (46%). Day la Idp ngUdi kha gia trong huyen, chiem sd lugng nhieu hdn ca.
- Tinh hinh sd hiiu cua cdc chdc dich,
sac muc So' chflc dich sd hflu tfl 5 den 10 mlu
chiem sd lfldng nhieu n h i t la ly trfldng:
Bang 6: Tinh hmh sd hflu ruong dat cua cac chflc dich, s^c muc
STT
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
Chflc vj
S&c mvc (1) 2%
Xa trUcing (1) 2%
Ly trUcing (19) 38%
Dich myc (18) 36%
HUdng mvic (8) 16%
Cai Tdng (2) 4%
Khan thu (1) 2%
50 = 100%
Khong CO rugng 1 2%
1 2%
2 4%
1 2%
2 4%
1 2%
8 16%
l-> Smau
6 12%
5 10%
3 6%
14 28%
5->10 m a u
11 22%
9 18%
3 6%
23 46%
10->20 m a u
3 6%
2 4%
5 10%
20->40 mau
Nguon: Theo thong ke 22 dia bg Gia
Sd Iflgng chflc dich cua huyen Ba Be la 50 ngfldi. Neu so vdi so' lfldng chflc dich d hai huyen lan can la Ngan Sdn va Chg Ddn thi so' chflc dich cua Ba Be ldn hdn nhieu (50 - 29 - 17). Ddng thdi cac loai chflc sic cua Ba Be cung phong phfl hdn. Neu nhfl d
Long 4 (1805) vd Minh Menh 21 (1840)
"Ndm 1828, Minh Menh cd mdt so'cdi td vi bd mdy hdnh chinh lang xd: bo chdc xd trudng vd thay bdng ly triidng, quy dinh mdt xd chi cd 1 ly trUdng vd tuy theo pui md lang xd md ddt them 1 hay 2 phd ly trUdng.
Ly triidng hay phd ly triidng phdi la nhiing
66 Rghien eijru L|ch sit. s6 4.2010 Bang 7: Thong ke so
S T T
1 2 3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16
17 18 19 20
21
22
TSn l ^ n g x a T 6 n
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Quang Khe B4ng Chau Dong Phiic Tr. Mf Hok Ban Xuan 6 Truygn Co Cao Tri ThUcjng Giao Giao Lang Dja Linh Hong La Xuan PhUdng Nhan Tiep Bpc Bo
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Chu Hoa Bfing Th^nh Cao ThU0ng Nghiem Loan
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chvi CO nhieu rugng n h a t va it r u g n g n h a t cua h u y i n Ba Be
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Ho&ng v a n Th^nh Hk v a n Doan
M a T h ^ L U u Nguygn v a n Tinh Ma Dinh Chau Nguyen Van Nghia
Dong v a n ChUdng B ^ Loc Tuydn
Ly van Tifo
Hoang v a n Cao
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D i ^ n t i c h
2.3.0.0 14.4.5.0 14.1.9.0 15.6.0.0 3.0.8.0 4.6.0.0 4.6.0.0 4.6.0.0
11.9.0.0 7.8.11.1
7.8.10.0 6.2.0.0 8.6.0.0 15.3.9.0 11.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 9.0.0.0 10.4.0.0 4.0.12.8.1
8.0.0.0 8.0.0.0
7.3.0.0
9.6.14.7
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Nguyin v a n Binh Ma v a n Ma L^nh v a n Thai Dong v a n VUcJng
Dudng H a u H o i n g Hoang v a n DUdng
Nong Vdn Ma Me H a u TrSn PhUdng v a n Vat Tri^u v a n Tien Hia HOu Binh
Ma Van Nguyen Khuyet danh Khuyet danh Nong HQu Qu^
Lyc H a u Kim Dong H a u Ci\i KhuyS^t danh Hoang Dinh Phao Ma Dac Tho
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Tri$u v a n Nha't Sfim v a n Giang Hoang v a n Ho N g u y i n Van Tracing Hoang v a n T h a n g Dam v a n H o i n g DUdng H a u T h a n h Nong H a u Van
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Difn t i c h 0.5.0.0 4.6.3.0 4.0.0.3 4.7.0.0 1.5.0.8 3.2.0.0 3.2.0.0
8.5.14.0 2.0.0.0
3.2.3.5 4.2.0.0 1.2.0.0 6.1.0.0 0.0.0.0
2.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 0.9.7.0 2.0.0.0 4.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 1.0.0.0 Neudn: Theo thdng ke 22 dia ba(}ialjong4(lSns)vA Minh Mj«h 71 iiRdn\
Tinh Iiinh ru^ng dat cfla huyen Ba Be. 67 ngiidi dUdc ddn Idng bdu cii ra, diidc phu,
huyen xet ky vd dUdc cdp vdn bdng. mdc trien. Trdch nhiem cua ly trUdng rdt ndng ni: hodn todn chiu trdch nhiem trUdc nhd niidc vi viec qudn ly lang xd, thiic hien mgi nghia vu vi td, thue, phu phen, tgp dieh...
song ly trudng lgi khdng nam trong hdng ngu quan chdc..." (12).
Sd ly trfldng d h u y e n Ba Be la 19/50 ngfldi nhflng so' lfldng nhflng ngUdi cd tfl 5 m l u den 10 m i u lai chiem 11/23 ngfldi. Dieu nay the hign vai trd q u a n trgng cua t i n g 16p ly trfldng trong cac lang xa d Ba be.
So'chflc dich cd sd hflu tfl 10 m i u trd len la 5/50 chiem 10%. Ngfldi cd dien tich ldn n h i t la 14.1.9 m i u . Ta't ca so'chflc dich sd hflu ldn deu la dich m u c va hfldng muc, nhflng ngfldi dfldc l a n g cfl ra, tieu bieu che bg may q u a n ly l a n g xa.
- Quy md sd hihi vd cdc chu rugng De nhin n h a n ro hdn mfle do sd hflu cua cac chu rugng cua cac xa trong huygn, chung toi tien h a n h tho'ng ke cac chfl rugng CO nhieu rugng nha't va it rugng n h i t cua huyen Ba Be (bang 7).
So' lieu tho'ng ke cua b a n g t r e n chflng ta cd the tha'y quy mo sd hflu ldn ve rugng d i t d Ba Be k h o n g dien ra. So' chu rugng cd dien tich ldn nha't deu t r e n dfldi 15 m i u . Cu the, ngfldi cd dien tich sd hflu ldn n h i t la 15.6, neu se s a n h quy mo sd hflu cua cac chu rugng vdi cac h u y g n lan can nhfl Ngan Sdn, Chd Ddn t h i nhd hdn nhieu. Ldp chu sd hflu ldn la tfl 10 -20 m i u va hoan toan khong cd ldp chu sd hflu tfl 20 - 30 m i u , trong khi dd t a i h a i h u y e n t r e n , ldp chu sd hflu tfl 10-20 va 20 - 30 m i u tfldng dd'i ldn.
NgUdi sd hflu hdn 20 m i u khong p h a i la hiem, nhfl dich muc Ddng Dinh Kim d huyen Chd Ddn sd hflu 24.5 m i u (13).
Trdng so' nhflng ngfldi sd hflu ldn ve rugng d i t d Ba Be p h a i ke den t i n g ldp chflc dich, s i c m u c vdi ty lg la 5/22 chu. Cd
ngfldi sd hflu so' lfldng rugng d i t k h a ldn nhfl Dich muc Ma T h e Lflu d xa B i n g Chau vdi 14 m i u 1 sao 9 thfldc
Hfldng muc Gia Hflu Quynh vdi 11 m i u chiem dien tich ldn n h i t xa Bgc Bd'.
Dieu nay ndi n e n r i n g : t i n g ldp chflc dich khong chi ddng vai trd quan trgng trong ddi sd'ng chinh tri ma cdn cd the Iflc ldn ve m a t k i n h te, xa hgi.
So' chu sd hflu ldn ve rugng d i t thugc cac ddng hg ldn va cd the Iflc la Ma, Hoang, Dfldng chiem so' Iflgng 14/27 ngfldi. Dieu nay the hien rugng d i t tfl hflu dfldc t a p t r u n g trong tay cac ddng hg ldn la pho bien d h u y e n Ba Be.
Trong so' nhflng ngfldi sd hflu ldn ve rugng d i t , t a t h i y h o a n toan v i n g bdng nfl gidi. P h u nfl khdng cd m a t trong t i n g ldp chflc dich, dien tich sd hflu nhd bd. Vai trd cua p h u nfl d Ba Be r a t md n h a t .
- Quy md sd hdu rugng ddt tU
O Ba Be khdng cd chu rugng nao sd hflu qua 20 m i u . So'chu sd hflu tren 50 m i u h l u nhfl khong cd. So' chu sd hflu 30->50 m i u d P h u Lfldng la 3 ngfldi chiem 2.22%, d Dai Tfl la 6 ngfldi chiem 4,26%i, Ngay ca khi so sanh vdi mgt huyen mien xudi la Phfl Binh, ty le cung r i t chenh lech. So' chu sd hflu tfl 30-50 m l u d Phfl Binh la 7 ngfldi chiem 0,43%, nhflng n i m 3,13% dien tieh, so' chu sd hflu ldn hdn 50 m i u la 2 ngfldi n i m gifl 1,36 % dien tich (14). Trong khi d Quang Hoa (Cao Bing) cd chu sd hflu tdi 70 m i u rugng (15).
6 Ba Be tfl hflu rugng d i t dien ra m a n h me nhflng mfle do sd hflu ldn ve rugng d i t lai chfla dien ra. Neu so s a n h vdi mfle do tfl hflu d ddng b i n g B i c Bg ta tha'y: "sd hflu tfl n h a n d B i c Bg cd nhflng dac diem khac biet..., trong dd so' chu sd hflu tren 5 m l u chiem tdi 63,2% va sd rugng cua hg chiem g i n het tdng sd rugng tU (88,9%). Hdn nfla, rugng d i t t a p t r u n g chu yeu vao cac ldp chu sd hflu cd tfl 10 m l u rugng trd len (hdn
6S Rghien ciiru Ljeh sir. s6 4.2010
Bang 8: So sanh quy mo sd hflu rugng dat txi cua cac huyen Ba Be vdi mgt so' huySn khac ciia tinh B^c Kan
Quy m o s d hufu
<1 m l u l->5 mSu 5->10 mSu 10->20 mSu 20->30 m l u 30->50 m l u Tong C9ng
Huy^n B a b e So' c h u
2 184 258 29
473
D i f n t i c h 1.3.7.5 608.4.10.1.8 1758.6.11.6 335.1.5.1
2703.6.4.3.8
H u y ? n Chgl D o n So' c h u
1 53 102 29 6
191
Di^n t i c h 0.9.00 155.3.4.5 804.4.10.6 400.1.1.1 147.9.2.3
1508.7.3.5
H u y f n P h u Lvfdng So' c h u
2 56 30 24 7 3 122
D i f n t i c h 1.7.00 161.2.5.9 207.6.13.3 331.9.2.0 187.2.13.0 163.8.14.1 993.7.3.3
H u y f n D^i Tit S o chii
28 38 44 25 6 141
D i f n tich
113.1.3.8 283.3.10.8 687.1.6.8 602.7.8.8 232.3.4.4
Ngu6n: Kh6ng Thj Thin: Tinh hinh rupng ddt vd kinh t^ ndng nghiep huyen Chg Ddn - Bdc Kan qua tuli^u dia bg ndm Minh Menh 21 (1840), Tnr&ng Dai hpc Su pham Thii Nguyen, 2009, tr.24; Le Thj Thu Huang: Huyen PHU Binh tinh Thdi Nguyen qua tu li^u dia bg trieu Nguyen nica ddu thi'ky WC, LuSn vSn thae sT Ljeh si, Tnifmg Dai hpc Su pham Thii Nguyen, 2008; Hokng Xuan Tni6ng: Tinh hinh rudng ddt vd kinh te ndng nghiep huyin Dgi TU (Thai Nguyen) niia ddu the'ky XTK Tnr6ng Dai hpc Su pham Thdi Nguydn, 2009, tr. 34.
64%), dac biet, de'i vdi ldp chu sd hflu tren 50 m i u rugng thi ty le rugng da't cua hg gip gin 7 Iin ty le p h i n tram cua hg so vdi tdng sdchu" (16).
3. Nhan xet
Vdi viec phan tich 22 ddn vi dia ba vao thdi diem nfla d l u the ky XIX cd the t h i y ro mgt dac diem ndi bat la, da so' rugng da't cua huygn Ba Be nfla d l u the ky XDC deu la rugng tfl.
O Ba Be rugng da't khong tap trung trong tay cac dia chu ldn ma tap trung trong tay cac ddng hg ldn. Neu nhfl tren dia ban huygn khong cd nhflng chu d i t sd hflu vai ba chuc m i u thi lai cd nhflng nhdm hg sd hflu vai tram m i u . Dieu nay the hign anh hfldng 16n cua nhflng hg cd the Iflc d dia phfldng quan ly theo che do tho ty. Dien hinh la d chau Bach Thong la dia phan cua ddng hg Hoang va hg Ma.
Diem dang chfl y la sfl phan bd khong deu gifla cac ddng hg va gfla cac nhdm hg.
Binh quan sd hflu cua cac chu rugng trong huyen cung cd sfl chenh lech. Xa Cao Tri cd binh quan mgt chu sd hflu 10.1.7.6, xa Nam M l u cd binh quan tha'p nha't vdi
1.6.0.6/mgt chu rugng.
Quy mo sd hflu rugng da't gifla cac xa trong huyen la khong deu nhau. Cd nhflng xa chi cd dign tich sd hflu hdn 10 mlu trong khi cd nhflng xa cd dien tfch hdn 300 miu. Hien tfldng chu rugng la phu nfl chiem ty le ra't nhd h6.
Dac biet, mfle do tU hflu 16n ve rugng da't khong chi tap trung trong tay mgt sd ddng hg ldn ma cdn tap trung trong tay cac chflc dich, sac muc, t i n g 16p quan ly cip dia phfldng thdi Nguyin.
CHU THICH
(1), (2), (11). Dgi Nam nhdt thd'ng chi. Tkp 4, Nxb. Thuan H6a, Hue, 1992, tr. 176.
(3). Tin lang xd Viet Nam ddu thi'ky XIX, (Ban dich cua Vi^n Nghien cflu H a n Nom), Nxb. Khoa
Tinh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen BaBe. 6 9
hoc xa hoi, H^ Npi, 1981.
(4), (5). Ddng khdnh du dia chi (2005), Nh6m bign t&p ban di?n tfl Ngo Dflc Thp, Nguyin V&n Nguyen, tr. 819-820.
(6). Huyfn Ba Be vdi tu each \k mot dcJn vj hknh chinh rieng cua tinh B&c Kan l4n dim tien dU(Jc xuSt hif n vko di.u the ky XX vko thdi thuoc Phap.
"... ngky 11-4-1900, Tokn quyen Dong DUdng ra nghj djnh lUfy ph4n d&'t thuoc phu Thong Hoa thiinh l^p tinh B&c Kan gom 4 chau (sau doi t h i n h huyf n) Ik:
B^ch Thong, Ch(J Ra (sau \k huyf n Ba Be), Thong Hoa (sau doi th&nh Na Bi) vk Cam Hoa (sau doi t h t a h Ngan Sdn)" Theo Lich sd Ddng bd huyen Ba Be, Huyf n uy Ba Be xuft't ban, 1998, tap 1, tr. 12.
(7). Txi diiy cac so lifu ve difn tfch ruong dft't trong hki xin khong kfim theo ddn vj tinh.
(8). Nguyin Phan Quang: Khdi nghia Ndng Vdn Vdn d Cao-Lgng (1833-1834), Tap chi Nghien cdu lich sd, so 4-1981, tr. 43.
(9). Phan Huy Le vk P.Brocheux: Dia bg Hd Ddng, Nxb. khoa hpc xa hoi, Hk Npi, 1995, tr. 24.
(10). Theo Nong Quoc Huy: Huyen Ngdn Son tinh Bdc Kan thi' ky XIX, Lu^n v&n Thae si, TrUdng Dai hpc SU pham Thai Nguyen, 2008, tr.
35; Khong Thj Thin, Tinh hinh rudng ddt vd kinh ti'ndng nghiep huyen Chg Don - Bac Kan qua Ui liiu dia bg nam Minh Minh 21 (1840), TrUcing Dai hpc Su pham Thai Nguyen, 2009, tr. 24.
(12), (16). TrUdng HQu Quynh, Do Bang (Chu bien). Tinh hinh rudng ddt ndng nghiep vd ddi sd'ng ndng ddn dUdi triiu Nguyen, Nxb. Thu^n H6a, Hue, 1997, tr. 26-30, 30.
(13). Theo Nong Quoc Huy: Huyen Ngdn Son tinh Bdc Kan thi' ky XIX. LuAn vkn Thae si, Trudng D ^ hpc SU ph^m Thai Nguyen, 2008;
Khong Thj Thin: Tinh hinh rudng ddt vd kinh ti' ndng nghiep huyen Chg Don - Bdc Kan qua tU lieu dia bg nam Minh Menh 21 (1840). TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Thai Nguyen, 2009.
(14), (15). D&n theo Dkm Thj Uyen, Tong Lgc Giao qua tU lieu dia bg 1805-1830, De tki nghien cxtu khoa hpc cft'p trUcfng, Tracing Dai hpc Su pham Thai Nguyen, 1999, tr. 77.
TAI LIEU D ; A B A
1. Nghiem Loan xa dja ba Gia Long 4, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8236F1: 10.
2. Giao Lang xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8221F1: 8.
3. Xudn O xd dia bg ndm Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8253F1: 13.
4. Da Nham xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8224F1: 13.
5. Nhdn Tiip xd dia bg Minh Menh 2i,TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8205F1: 12.
6. Bdc Bdxd dia bg Minh Minh 2 i .TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8204F1: 10.
7. Nam Mdu xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8201F1: 10.
8. Truyin Co xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8206F1: 8.
9. Bang Thdnh xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8202F1: 15.
10. My Hoa Bdn xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8239F1:8
11. Cao Thugng xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8213F1: 16.
12. Dong Phuc xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8246F1: 16.
13. Cao Tri xd dia bg Minh M?nh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8257F1: 20.
14. Hg Hiiu xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8226F1: 18.
15. Xudn Phuang xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8256F1: 24.
16. Hong La xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8248F1: 10.
17. Nghiim Loan xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8236F1: 10.
18. Cd'Dgo xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, k y h i f u 8 2 4 4 F l : 13.
19. Bang Chdu xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8195F1: 14.
20. Chu Hoa xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8238F1: 21.
21. Qudng Khi xd dia bg Minh Minh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8196F1: 12.
22. Thugng Gido xd dia bg Minh Menh 21, TTLTQG I, ky hifu 8251F1: 14.
