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TINH DA DANG, GIA T R I BAO T O N VA NGUON T A I NGUYEN THU^C VAT O VU^OfN Q U O C GIA NUI CHUA, NINH THUAN
LY NGQC SAM Vien Sinh hpc Nhiet dai
Vudn Qudc gia (VQG) Niii Chua thudc tinh Ninh Thuin, nim ggn trong -vimg "Idng chio"
ciia hf thdng nui bao quanh, vdi dieu kien khi hau khic nghiet: ning, ndng, khd han, it mua vio bac nhat trong ci nude. Day la noi bio tdn vi phit trien cic tai nguyen sinh vat, bio vf cic quin xa dgng thyc vit, cic cinh quan sinh thai die trumg cua rimg khd han, die biet la bao vf nguon gen cac loai qui hiem. Tii nguyen thyc vat rimg ciia rimg khd han Niii Chiia li rit phong phii va da dang vdi difn tich rimg khd han rdng Idn die trumg va dgc dao nhit ciia Vift Nam (SubFlPl,
1997, 2002). Cho den nay, dii da cd mgt sd cdng trinh nghien cim lien quan den hf thyc vat, da dang sinh hgc vi tai nguyen thien nhien ciia Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh vat va Phan Vien Dilu tra Quy hoach rimg II (2002), Quy Bio tdn thien nhien qudc te (WWF) ciing Vifn Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh vat (2003), Dd Htru Thu (2004) va Vifn Sinh hgc nhiet ddi (2006)... d viing ban khd ban ciia VQG Nui Chua nhumg van chua cd nhieu nhirng danh gia, phin tich tdng hgp hay cap nhat day dii tinh da dang va cic gii trj tdng hgp ngudn tai nguyen thyc vat ciia VQG. Bai bio nay nhim cap nhit vi cung cap cic ket qua nghien cim ve tinh da dang thyc vat, gia trj bao tdn vi nguon tai nguyen ciia hf thyc vat d VQG Nui Chiia.
I. PHI/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
D I cd dugc nhumg thdng tin toan difn, diy du, khich quan, dim bio yeu cau ve dg chinh xic can thiet, chiing tdi sir dyng ket hgp nhirng phuong phip sau:
- Dilu tra thu thap thdng tin tir nhirng tai lieu, vin bin hifn cd, nhumg so lifu thong ke luu trir hang nim cd lien quan den ddi tugng dieu fra.
- Dilu tra trong din dl thu thip cic thdng tin lien quan vl kien thirc bin dja trong vifc sir dTing tai nguyen thyc vit rimg.
- Dilu tra khio sit theo tuyen vi bo tri cic d tieu chuin (400m^) tren thyc dja de dinh gii djnh lugng nguon tii nguyen thyc vat vi thu thip miu thyc vat de dinh gia dinh tinh thanh phin loai. Ten loai dugc djnh danh theo bg Cay cd Vift Nam ciia Pham Hoing Hd (2000), Danh luc cac loai thyc vat Viet Nam (Nguyen Tiln Ban vi nnk., 2005). Cic tieu ban dugc so sinh, ddi chilu vdi cic mlu trong Bio ting Thyc vat vi cic tai lifu chuyen nginh lien quan vl tii nguyen thyc vat trong vi ngoai nude.
n . KET QUA
1. Da dang thyc vat Vudn Quoc gia Nui Chiia
Tren co sd cac ngudn thdng tin nghien cuu cua SubFIPI (2002) cdng bd vl "Dilu tra xiy dyng danh luc vi tieu bin dgng thyc vat rimg Khu Bao ton thien nhien (KBTTN) Niii Chiia tinh Ninh Thuin", bg miu luu giir tai phdng tieu bin VQG Nui Chiia, danh luc^cay thudc VQG Nui Chiia ciia Nguyen Tap va nnk (2004), kit hgp vdi khao sit thyc dja thu mau thyc vat tu nhumg nim 2001, 2004 din 2008 va sip xIp theo hf thong ciia Brammitt (1992) da thong ke dugc li 1501 loai thudc 686 chi, 167 hg cua 5 nginh thyc vat cd mach la: Quylt Ii thdng (Psilotophyta), Thong dit (Lycopodiophyta), Duong xi (Polypodiophyta), Thdng (Pinophyta), Mdc lan (Magnoliophyta).
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N I U so sanh vdi kit qua cua Thu (2004) thi chung tdi bd sung cho danh lyc 101 loai, 65 chi CLia 30 hg thyc vit. Cac hg mdi bd sung cho danh lyc thyc vat VQG Ndi Chua Ii: Alismataceae, Altingiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asteliaceae, Davalliaceae, Lindsaeaceae, Marattiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Onagraceae, Parkeridaceae, Poriulacaceae, Stemonaceae, Saumraceae, Schisandraceae, Stemonaceae, Zygophyllaceae vi 2 loii mdi cho khoa hgc Bromheadia annamensis Aver, vi Panisea vinhii Aver, thudc hg Lan (Orchidaceae) dugc md ti bdi Averyanova va nnk. (2005).
- Da dang cac taxon nganh: Trong 5 nginh cua he thyc vat Ndi Chiia, nganh Mdc lan da dang nhit vdi tdng sd 1450 loii, 652 chi cua 145 hg, chiem uu the vugt trgi vdi ty trgng tir 86,83%o din 96,60%o toan he. Cic nginh cdn lai li Duong xi cd 31 loii thugc 23 chi ciia 15 hg, chilm ty trgng tir 2,07%o din 8,98%; nganh Thdng cd 14 loai thudc 7 chi ciia 4 hg, chilm ty trgng tir 0,93%) din 2,40%o; nganh Thdng dat cd 5 loai, 3 chi, 2 hg, chiem ty trgng frung binh 0,66%; Quylt la thdng Ii nganh thyc vat chi cd 1 hg, 1 chi, 1 loai, chiem ty trgng trang binh 0,21% thip nhit trong tit cac cac nginh (bing 1). '
Bang 1 Phan bo cac taxon nganh trong hf thuc vat VQG Niii Chiia
Nganh
Quyet la thong (Psilotophyta) Thong dat (Lycopodiophyta) Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) Thong (Pinophyta) Mpc lan (Magnoliophyta)
Tong
Taxon Hg
1 2 15
4 145 167
% 0,60 1,20 8,98 2,40 86,83 100,00
Chi 1 3 23 7 652
686
%) 0,15 0,44 3,35 1,02 95,04 100,00
Loii 1 5 31 14 1450 1.501
% 0,07 0,33 2,07 0,93 96,60 100,00
Dan lieu trong bang I cho thiy trong nganh Mgc Ian (Magnoliophyta), Idp Mdc Ian cd 1.248 loii (86,07%) thudc 531 chi (chilm 81,44%) cua 120 hg (chilm 82,76%), Idp Hinh cd 202 loai chilm 13,93%o cua 121 chi chilm 18,56% thudc 24 hg chilm 17,24%. So lugmg cic taxon cua Idp Mgc Ian chiem ty trgng Idn hon rat nhieu so vdi Idp Hanh trong nganh Mgc Ian. Ty trgng cua cic taxon (hg, chi, loai) cua ldp Mdc lan cao hon 4,39-6,18 lin so vdi ldp Hinh eho thiy he thyc vit VQG Niii Chiia mang tinh chat cua mgt hf thyc vat nhift ddi rit rd.
- Da dang cac taxon dudi nganh: Tinh da dang cua he thyc vat VQG Niii Chiia dugc xem xettren 10 hg vi 10 chi cd sd lugmg loai nhilu nhit. He thyc vat Niii Chiia cd 10 hg da dang nhit, du chi chilrn 5,99% tdng sd hg nhung cd 527 loai va 225 chi, chilm 35,11% tong so loai va 32,80%) tdng sd chi ciia toin hf thyc vat. Cic hg nay Ii: hg Thiu diu - Euphorbiaceae (36 chi (chilm 5,25%), 113 loii (chilm 7,53%)), hg Dau - Fabaceae (30 chi (chilm 4,37%), 81 loai (chilm 5,40%)), hg Ca phe - Rubiaceae (27 chi (chilm 3,94%), 61 loii (chilm 4,06%)), hg Diu tim ; Moraceae (7 chi (chilm 1,02%), 43 loii (chilm 2,86%)), hg Hda thao - Poaceae (35 chi (chiem 5,10%), 43 loai (2,86%)), hg Lan - Orchidaceae (26 chi (chilm 3,79%), 42 loii (chilm 2,80%)), hg Cd roi ngya - Verbenaceae (10 chi (chilm 1,49%)), 42 loii (chilm 2,80%)), hg Long nao - Lauraceae (10 chi (chilm 1,46%), 35 loai (chilm 2,33%)), hg Cam chanh Rutaceae (16 chi (chiem 2,33%), 34 loii (chilm 2,27%)) vi hg Cue - Asteraceaee (28 chi (chilm 4,08%), 33 joai (chiem 2,20%)). Da sd cac hg nay diu la nhumg hg giiu loai ciia he thyc vat Vift Nam, nhit la Lan (Orchidaceae), Hda thio (Poaceae), Ca phe (Rubiaceae), hg Thiu diu (Euphorbiaceae).
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Trong hf thyc vat Niii Chiia, 10 chi da dang nhit (chilm 1,46% tdng so chi ciia toan he thyc vat) vdi 151 loii, chiem 10,06% tdng sd loai ciia toan he. Cic chi nay gdm: chi Fieus (hg Dau tim - Moraceae) cd 29 loai, chilm ty If cao nhittrong cac chi vdi 1,93%, tilp theo ii chi Diospyros (hg Thj - Ebenaceae) cd 21 loai, chilm 1,40%, chi Vtiex (hg Cd roi ngya - Verbenaceae) cd 17 loai, chiem 1,13%, chi Syzygium (hg Sim - Myrtaceae) cd 16 loai, chilm
1,07%, chi Dalbergia (hg Dip - Fabaceae) cd 13 loai, chilm 0,87%, chi Capparis (hg Cip - Capparaceae) cd_ 12 loii, chiem 0,80%, cic chi Elaeocarpus (hg Cdm - Elaeocarpaceae), chi Mallotus (hg Thau diu - Euphorbiaceae) vi chi Clerodendmm (hg Cd roi ngya - Verbenaceae) ciing cd 11 loii, chilm 0,73% d mdi chi va chi Phyllanthus (hg Thiu diu - Euphorbiaceae) cd 10 chilm 0,67%.
- Da dang cac dang song ciia hf thyc vat VQG Niii Chiia: Trong tdng sd 1502 taxon ciia hf thyc vat, kieu dang sdng cay than gd cd 523 loai, chilm 35%; kilu dang ciy bui/tilu mdc cd 379 loai chilm 25%; kieu dang than thio cd 283 loii chilm 19%; kilu dang day leo vdi 229 loii chilm 15%; kieu d^ng ciy phu sinh cd 42 loii chilm 3%; khuylt thyc vit chi cd 34 loai chilm 2%, cudi ciing l i kieu dang ki sinh/hoai sinh vdi 10 loai chilm 1%.
2. Cac gia trj bao ton ciia hf thyc vat Niii Chua
Kit qui kiem ke da xic djnh d hf thyc vit VQG Niii Chiia cd 75 loai qui hilm, nguy cip cin bao vf thugc 33 hg thyc vit, chiem 5,10% tdng sd loai cua c i khu hf. Trong dd:
- Cac loai can bao vf theo Sach Dd Vift Nam 2007: Hf thyc vat VQG Nui Chua cd tdng cgng 45 loai qui hiem thugc 36 chi cua 23 hg cd ten trong Sich Dd Vift Nam 2007 chilm 4,28% tdng sd loii ciia toin hf. Trong dd: 1 loai qui hiem dang d mire rit nguy cip (CR):
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon; 14 loai qui hiem dang d muc nguy cip (EN) gom: Lithocarpus polystachyus, Pteroearpus macrocarpus, Sindora siamensis, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Tribulus terrestris, Afzelia xylocarpa, Azima sarmentosa, Diospyros mollis, Diospyros longipedicellata, Aquilaria erassna, Fernandoa eollignonii, Sarcostemma acidum va Eria lanigera; 24 loai qui hiem dang d miic se nguy cip (VU) la:
Selaginella tamariscina, Cycas micholitzii, Cycas pectinata, Drynaria bonii, Drynaria fortunei, Quercus langbianensis, Argusia argentea, Rauvolfia verticillata, Paramichelia baillonti, Rauvolfia chaudocensis, Canarium tramdenu, Dysoxylum cauliflomm, Dysoxylum loureiri, Rauvolfia cambodiana, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Canthium dicoceum, Fagerlindia depauperata, Castanopsis hystrix, Thyrsanthera suborbicularis, Trichosanthes kirilowi, Millingtonia hortensis, Dischidia pseudo-bengalensis, Melientha suavis va Cinnamomum cambodianum; Holarrhena pubescens; 5 loii qui hiem d muc it nguy cip (LR): Alstonia angustifolia, Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia spathulata va Dolichandrone spathacea.
- Cac loai can bao vf theo tieu chuan lUCN 2008: Theo tieu chuan ciia lUCN 2008, he thyc vat VQG Nui Chua cd 32 loii thugc 24 chi ciia 18 hg dugc ghi nhan vao danh sach nay, chiem 3,26% tdng sd loii ciia hf thyc vat. Trong 32 loai cay qui hiem cd: 2 loai dang d mirc rat nguy cap (CR) li Aquilaria erassna va Diospyros mollis; 2 loai d mirc nguy cip (EN) Ii Afzelia xylocarpa va Vatica cinerea; 9 loii dang d mirc se nguy cip (VU) gom: Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Intsia bijuga, Hopea odorata, Cycas micholitzii, Cycas pectinata, Mangifera flava, Schefflera chapana, Knema paehyearpa va Mangifera minutifolia; 16 loai dang d tinh trang it nguy cip (LR) trong dd 15 loai it nguy cap d miic dg it lo ngai (LR/lc) la: Argusia argentea, Azima sarmentosa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Canarium littorale Bl. var. mfum, Cratoxylum cochinchinensis, Cratoxylum formosum, Cratoxylum maingayi, Daeryearpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum, Decussoearpus wallichianus, Irvingia malayana, Knema globularia, Podocarpus neriifolius, Sindora siamensis vi Tetrameles nudiflora; 1 loai it nguy
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cip sip bj de dga (LR/nt) la Dialium cochinchinensis va 3 loii thieu dan Ijfu de khing djnh (DD) la Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Decussoearpus fleuryi va Podocarpus annamensis.
- Cac loai qui hiem nim trong Nghj djnh so 32/CP: Cin cir theo qui djnh cua Nghj djnh so 32/2006/ND-CP, he thyc vat VQG Niii Chua cd 16 loii tiiudc 10 chi cua 6 hg dugc xIp vao nhdm IIA trong danh muc thyc vat rimg nguy cip, qui hilm ban chi khai thic, sir dung vi muc dich thuong mai chilm 1,07% tdng sd loai ciia khu he. Cac loii niy la: Pteroearpus macrocarpus, Sindora siamensis, Afzelia xylocarpa, Fibraurea tinctoria, Cycas micholitzii, Cycas pectinata, Cycas circinalis, Markhamia stipulata, Stephania hemandifolia, Stephania japonica, Stephania longa, Stephania pierrei, Tinospora cordifolia, Tinospora crispa,
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon vi Dalbergia cochinchinensis.
- Cac loai cay dac hiru ban dja: Ket qui kiem ke thinh phan loai khu hf thyc vat d VQG Niii Chua VQG da xic djnh dugc 9 chi thyc vat vi 80 loai cay die hum ban dja chi cd d tinh Ninh Thuan hoac cic viing Ian can, trong dd cd 11 loai dugc cac nhi thyc vat lay ten cac dja danh trong tinh dl dit ten eho cac loii thyc vat dugc phat hifn d Ninh Thuan chiem 13,75% cac loii die htru ban dja. Cac chi die hiiu cho tinh Ninh Thuan ghi nhan d VQG Nui Chiia la: chi Man man (Capparis), chi Chan chan {Niebuhria) (Cappariaceae); chi Tio (Zizyphus) thugc hp Tio (Rhamnaceae); chi Gang (Randia) thugc hg Ci phe (Rubiaceae); chi Ma duong (Xantolis), chi Ging neo (Makilkara) thugc hg Sen (Sapotaceae); chi Tu hii (Gmelia), chi Tii chau (Callicarpa) vi chi Nggc nu (Clerodendron) thugc hg Cd roi ngya (Verbenaceae) (FIPI, 2007).
Cac loai die hiru mang ten cic dia danh cua tinh Ninh Thuan li: Chan chim ca ni (Schefflera canaensis), Vai phamang (Daphniphyllum majus var. phanrangense), Thj ba rau {Diospyros barauensis), Thj phan rang (Diospyros phanrangensis), Cii chinh phan rang (Antidesma phanrangense), De phan rang {Lithocarpus polystachyus). Da Phan rang {Ficus phanrangensis).
Bom lift trung bg {Bromheadia annamensis), Khue thin Ian vTnh hy (Panisea vinhii). Ma duong ba rau (Xantolis barauensis), Cich tua c i ni (Hymenopyramis cana).
- Cac loai thuc vat co xira: VQG Niii Chiia ciing la noi hifn difn cua nhieu taxon dai difn cho hf thyc vit nguyen thuy cd i nhift ddi vi nhift ddi cua cic nginh Thdng vi nganh Mgc Ian.
Cic hg die trumg cho hf thyc vat cd i nhift ddi d VQG Niii Chiia nhu: hg Tue (Cycadaceae), hg Day gim (Gnetaceae), hg Kim giao (Podocarpaceae), hg Thanh timg (Taxaceae), hg De (Fagaceae), hg Long nao (Lauraceae), hg Che (Theaceae), hg Do quyen (Ericaceae). Cic hg die trumg cho he thyc vat cd nhift ddi d VQG Niii Chiia nhu: hg Na (Annonaceae), hg Dau (Diptercarpaceae), hg Bang (Combretaceae), hg Thiu diu (Euphorbiaceae), hg Biia (Clusiaceae), hg Trung quan (Acistroladaceae), hg Chudi (Musaceae) va hg Diia dai (Pandanaceae).
Tit c i cic thyc vat die hiru, qui hiem, thyc vat cd xua la nhtrng ngudn gen qui hiem rit co gii tri ve mat nghien ciru khoa hgc vi bio tdn.
3. Da dang ve nguon tai nguyen thyc vat
Phan tich cic thdng tin tdng hgp kit hgp vdi kit qiia nghien ciru thyc dja chiing tdi da kiem ke dugc 1074 loai cay cd ich, chilm 71,55%) tdng sd loii cua he thyc vat Niii Chiia, thugc 9 nhdm cdng dyng nhu: cay lam thuoc; cay cho gd; cay lam cinh, bdng mit; ciy thyc phim; cay cho tanin, thudc nhugm; cay tinh dau, huong lieu; cay dgc va nhdm cay cho cdng dung khac.
Bang 2 cho thay, trong 9 nhdm tai nguyen thyc vat, nhdm cay thuoc chilm uu thi vugt trgi vdi 819 loai, chilm 16,3% tong sd cac loii cay cd ich vi chilm 54,6%) tong sd loii toan he, tilp theo la nhdm cay cho gd cd 248 loii, chilm 23,1% tdng so loii cay cd ich va chilm 16,5% tdng si loii toan he; nhdm cay lim canh, bdng mat cd 120 loai chilm 11,2%) sd loai tii nguyen va
HOI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THLf BA
chilm khoang 8% tdng sd loii toin hf. Cac nhdm cdn lai chiem ty If thap dudi 10% tdng so loai tai nguyen vi hf thyc vat d mdi nhdm tuomg irng.
Bdng 2 Thong ke cac nhdm tai nguyen thyc vat d VQG Niii Chiia
Nh6m tai nguyen Cay thuoc
Cay cho go
Cay lam canh, bong mat Cay thuc pham
Cay cho tanin, thuoc nhuom Cay lay sgi
Cay tinh dau, huang lieu Cay doc
Cong dung khac
Ki hifu M
T Or
F Ta Fi Oil Mp U
Loai 819 248 120 94 40 30 23 20 13
% Tii nguyen 76,3 23,1 11,2 8,75 3,72 2,79 2,14 1,86 1,21
% Khu hf 54,6 16,5 7,99 6,26 2,66 2,00 1,53 1,33 0,87 - Nhom cay lam thuoc: Trong tdng sd 1074 taxon thyc cd gii tri hum ich d VQG Nui Chiia, cac loai cay ed gii trj dugc lifu da thdng ke dugc Ii 819 loii; trong dd cd 54 loai ciy thudc qui hilm cd ten trong Sich Dd cua Vift Nam (2007) va lUCN Red List (2008) tiiugc 40 chi cua 31 ho thyc vat dang cd bj de dga chilm 6,89% tdng sd loai ciy thudc toin hf. Mdt so loii qui hiem CO gia trj bao ton nhu: Ring dudi phung bon (Drynaria bonii). Ring dudi phung fortuni (Drynaria fortunei), Ba gac cambdt (Rauvolfia cambodiana), Ba" gac chau ddc (Rauvolfia chaudocensis), Ba gac li mdng (Rauvolfia verticillata), Chan chim {Schefflera chapana), Bac biln (Argusia argentea), Rau sing (Melientha suavis), Xucmg ci (Canthium dicoceum), Chi hiing (Thyrsanthera suborbicularis), Bac bit (Trichosanthes kirilowi), Kim vang (Barleria lupulina), Quao nude (Dolichandrone spathacea). Trim nau (Canarium littorale Bl. var. mfum) va^Hd tien to (Holarrhena pubescens)...
- Nhom cay cho go: Diy la nhdm ciy quan frgng nhit trong cac nhdm tii nguyen thyc vit d VQG Niii Chiia bdi cic gii trj vl mat khoa hgc vi kinh tl d cic khia canh sinh thii, tai nguyen, tinh qui hilm vi gii frj bio ton nguon gen cho ci khu hf. Tai khu hf thyc vat Nui Chua da xic dinh 248 loai cay cho gd, trong dd cd 33 loii cay qui hilm cd teri trong Sich Dd Viet Nam (2007) va lUCN Red List (2008), chilm 12,84% tdng so loai, cay gd d Niii Chiia. Cic loii ciy go qui gim: 2 loii ciy d cip CR (rit nguy cip) Ii Mun (Diospyros mollis), Xa xi (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon); 2 loai d cap DD (thilu dan lifu) la Kim giao fieury (Decussoearpus fleuryi),
Kim giao trung bd (Podocarpus annamensi); 6 loai d cip EN (nguy cap): De phan rang (Lithocarpus polystachyus). Ding huong trai to (Pteroearpus macrocarpus), Gd dd (Afzelia .xylocarpa), Tau mat (Vatica cinerea), Dinh colligron (Fernandoa eollignonii), Gd mat (Sindora siamensis); 12 loii d cip LR (it nguy cip) gom cd: Kim giao wallich (Decussoearpus wallichianus), Hoang din gia (Dacrydium elatum), Tung (Tetrameles nudiflora), Thanh nganh nam (Cratoxylum cochinchinensis), Ciy (Irvingia malayana), Miu chd cau (Knema globularia).
Mil u (Calophyllum inophyllum), Td mgc (Caesalpinia sappan). Mop Ii hep (Alstonia angustifolia), Md cua (Alstonia scholaris), Mdp (Alstonia spathulata), Xay (Dialium cochinchinensis); 11 loai d cip VU (se nguy cip) gdm: Soi langbian (Quercus langbianensis), Kui dui (Paramichelia baillonti), Huynh dan hoa than (Dysoxylum cauliflomm). Trim den (Canarium tramdenu), Huynh dan {Dysoxylum loureiri), Cdm hio am {Elaeocarpus
HOI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L^N THU BA
hygrophilus), Gd nude (Intsia bijuga), Kha thy nhilm (Castanopsis hystrix), Sao den {Hopea odorata), Xoai vang (Mangifera flava), Xoai rimg {Mangifera minutifolia).
- Nhdm cay lam canh, bdng mat: Nhdm niy gdm nhirng loai cay dugrc sir dyng va cd tilm ning lam ciy canh, ciy trdng cdng vien, cay tao bdng mat, cay dudng phd, cay liy hoa dep lam cinh va ciy bonsai. Tai khu hf thyc vat Niii Chua da xic djnh 120 loii cay cho cd gia trj lam canh, bdng mit. Trong nhdm cay lam cinh, bdng mit cd 7 loii cd ten trong Sach Dd Vift Nam (2007) vi lUCN Red List (2008), chilm 5,79% tdng sd loai canh, bdng mit d Niii Chiia. Cac loai cay gd qui gdm: 3 loii d cap LR (it nguy cap) gdm: Mii u (Calophyllum inophyllum). To mdc (Caesalpinia sappan), Thanh nganh dep (Cratoxylum formosum); 1 loai d cip EN (nguy cip) la Ni Ian len {Eria lanigera); 3 loii d cip VU (se nguy cip) Ii Thien tue la che (Cycas micholitzii), Thien tul luge (Cycas pectinata), Dat phudc (Millingtonia hortensis); va 2 loai lam canh mang gia tri die hiru dja phuong: Bromheadia annamensis v i Panisea vinhii. 0 VQG Nui Chiia, cac loii cay cd tilm nang va da dugc ngudi dan sii dyng nhieu lim cay canh, bonsai, cay bdng mit vi ciy dudng phd la cic loai thudc hg Moraceae (chi Ficus), hg Lan (Orchidaceae), hg Chile (Lecythidaceae), hg Mai (Ochnaceae), hg Tu vy (Lythraceae)...
- Nhdm cay lam thue pham (F): Nhdm niy bao gdm cic loai cay an dugc nhu rau, ciy gia vj, cho qua in dugc ciing nhu cic bg phan khac in dugc. Tai VQG Niii Chiia da thdng ke dugc 94 loii cay lim thyc pham bao gdm: Vd danh hoa (Anomianthus dulcis), Quin dau vd xop (Polyalthia suberosa), Giom toumier (Melodinus tournieri), Vang nghf (Garcinia gaudichaudii), Biia niii (Garcinia oliveri), Thj ba ngdi (Diospyros bangoiensis), Cii chinh (Antidesma phanrangense), Chiec it hoa (Barringtomia eberhardtii), Nhan mgi (Walsura cf robusta), Khoai mii (Dioscorea persimilis), Tri son (Gisekia africana), Sim be {Champereia manillana). Sen duomg (Raphiolepis indica). Doit (Arenga pinnata), Tir ngam (Dioscorea arachnida), Tir craib (Dioscorea craibiana) vi Tir (Dioscorea oryzetorum L. var. angustifolia), trong do cd 2 loii cd gii trj bio tdn ngudn gen qui hiem mang ten dja phuong la Thi ba ngoi (Diospyros bangoiensis) vi Cii chinh (Antidesma phanrangense).
- Nhdm cay cho tanin, thuoc nhugm va nhya: Ket qua nghien ciiu da thong ke dugc 40 loii ciy cd the cho tanin, thudc nhugm va nhya. Cic loai tieu bilu la: Ldng miic Idng (Wrightia pubescens R.Br, subsp. lanati), Mon (Indigofera arrecta). Tram nhugm (Syzygium tinctorium).
Ma duong {Xantolis maritima)...
- Nhdm cay cho sgi (Fi): Nhdm cay cho sgi bao gdm cic loai cho sgi ca cd tilm ning cho sgi diing trong cdng nghifp giiy hoac dan lit hing thu cdng my nghf, lam day budc... Kit qua thdng ke VQG Niii Chiia cd 30 loii cho sgi, cac loii cho sgi tilm nang d VQG Nui Chua la:
Gao hoa dd (Bombax aneeps), Mdng bd poilane (Bauhinia saigonensis vai. poilanei), Chung sao (Commersonia bartramia), Trdm cudng minh (Sterculia gracilipes). May cambot (Calamus cf tetradactylus), Miy tiu (Calamus palustris Griff, var. cochinchinensis). May song (Calamus mdentum). May (Calamus sp.), May deo (Calamus viminalis), Miy nit (Daemonorops pieireanus), Tre gai (Bambusa blumeana), Tre poilane (Dendrocalamus poilanei), Tnic vang
(Phylostachys aurea), Niia (Taeniostachyum dulloa)...
• Nhdm cay cho tinh dau, huong lifu: Kit qui kilm ke trong 1074 loii cay cd ich ciia VQG Nui Chiia da xic djnh_ dugc 23 loii cay cho tinh diu, huong lifu. Cac loai ciy tinh diu, huong lieu gdm: Bdi Idi mim (Litsea mollifolia), Tilu quit (Atalantia monophylla), Ciit qua (Gymnopetalum^ cochinchinensis), E Idn frdng (Hyptis suaveolens), E ldn la (Ocimum gratissimum), E tia (Ocimum tenuiflomm), Bdi Idi chanh {Litsea cubeba), Md giiy (Litsea monopetala). Dung chiun tu tin (Symplocos paniculata). Trim huong (Aquilaria erassna), Bdi Idi Cambdt (Litsea cambodiana), Bdi Idi dgc (Machilus odoratissimus). Tan bdi cambot (Neolitsea cambodiana). Tan bdi trung bd (Neolitsea chua Men. cf annamensis), Xa xj
HOI NGH! KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THLT BA
(Cinnamomum parthenoxylon), Bdi Idi nhdt (Litsea glutinosa), Huynh din (Dyso.xylum loureiri)... Trong nhdm nay cd 4 loai cd ten trong Sach Dd Viet Nam (2007) va fUCN Red List (2008), chiem 17,39 % tdng sd loai cho tinh dau, huong lieu d Niii Chua. Cic loai nay la: 2 loai CT cip VU (se nguy cip) gdm—Que cambdt (Cinnamomum cambodianum) vk Huynh dan (Dysoxylum loureiri); 2 loii d cip CR (rat nguy cip) gdm: Xa xj (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon) va Trim huong (Aquilaria erassna).
- Nhom cay dgc: O VQG Nui Chua da xic djnh dugc 20 loai cay ddc gdm: Doin kilm Idng (Tephrosia villosa), Kim ludng (Strychnos minor Dennst. var. thorelii). Mat sit ving (Cerbera odollam), Cii chi (Strychnos xtngustiflora). Ma tien tning (Strychnos cf ovata). Qua qua (Strychnos nux-blanda). Ma tien (Strychnos nux-vomica). Sing dt mdc (Xanthophyllum glancum), Tir chau (Callicarpa erioclona). Day miu (Denis indica), Hiu vT mau (Uraria picta), Tri nhyy ngin (Camellia kissi). Ma diu (Hura crepitans). Sing dt cao (Xanthophyllum exelsum). Sung mang (Semecarpus reticulata).
- Nhom cay co cong dung khac: Gdm cac loai thyc vat dugc sir dung lam chdi, hing rio, Igp nha, thulc ca, dan lit, lam thimg, trir rep, cii tao dat, lam nhang... Ket qua kiem ke da xic djnh dugc 13 loai thyc vit cd myc dich sir dyng khic nhu: Cip thorell (Capparis thorelii), Keo ddng nai (Acacia dongnaiensis), Ra bin nao (Licuala radula), Ra robinson (Licuala robinsoniana), Ra cap ba (Licuala temata). Mat cat sgi to (Rhapis grossefibrosa), Scm tin tning (Schoutenia ovata), Bii oc leo (Dregea volubilis). Mat tiiiiy diy (Millettia pachyloba), Sdi dai (Alchomea mgosa).
Sang se (Antidesma frutieosum), Cip to (Capparis grandis), Cd tranh (Imperata cylindrica).
m. KET LUAN
Hf thyc vat Niii Chua da ghi nhin dugc 1501 loai thugc 686 chi, 167 hg ciia 5 nginh tiiyc vat cd mach la nginh Quylt li thdng (Psilotophyta), Thdng dit (Lycopodiophyta), Duomg xi (Polypodioph^a), Thdng (Pinophyta), Mgc lan (Magnoliophyta); trong dd cd 75 loii ciy qm hilm, nguy cap cin bio vf cd ten trong Sich Dd Vift Nam (2007), lUCN (2008), Nghj djnh so 84/CP thudc 33 hg thyc vit vdi 9 chi vi 80 loai ciy die hiru bin dja chi cd d tinh Ninh Thuan, die bift cd 11 loii dugc dit theo ten cic dja danh trong tinh Ninh Thuin.
' Cic loai thyc vat him ich d Niii Chua da thdng ke dugc 1074 loai chiirn 71,55% tdng so loai ciia hf thyc vat, thugc 9 nhdm cdng dung nhu: ciy lam thudc;_ ciy cho go; cay lim cinh, bdng mat; cay thyc phim; cay cho tanin, tiiudc nhugm; cay tinh diu, huong lifu; cay dgc va nhdm cay cho cdng dyng khac. Nhdm cay thuoc chilm uu thi vugt trgi vdi 819 loii, chilm 76,3%
ting so cic loii cay cd ich va chilm 54,6% tong sd loai toin hf.
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. V5 Van Chi, 1997: Tir diln ciy thuoc Vift Nam. NXB. Y hgc, 1468 tr.
2. Pham Hoang Hg, 1997: Cay cd Vift Nam. NXB. Tre. 3 tap.
3. Do Tat Lgi, 2005: Nhimg ciy thuoc vi vj thudc Vift Nam. NXB. Y hgc, 1274 fr.
4. Phan Vifn Ddieu tra Qui hoach rirng II, 2002: Bao cao chuyen dl thyc vat d Khu Bio tdn thien nhien Niii Chua, 47 fr.
5. Nguyen NghTa Thin, 1997: Cim nang nghien ciiu da dang sinh vat. NXB. Ndng nghifp, 223 frang.
HOl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L^N THLf BA _
6. Do Hihi Thu, 2005: Mgt so kit qua nghien cuu budc diu vl tinh da dang thyc vat trong cac hf sinh thii rimg khd ban Vudn Quoc gia Niii Chiia. Hdi thao qudc gia vl Sinh tiiai va Tai nguyen sinh vat lin I. NXB. Ndng nghifp, tr. 518-521.
DIVERSITY, CONSERVATION VALUES, AND PLANT RESOURCES IN NUI CHUA NATIONAL PARK, NINH THUAN PROVINCE
LY NGOC SAM SUMMARY
This paper updates the diversity, conservation values and resources of the flora in Nui Chua National Park, Ninh Thuan Province. This research recorded 1501 species belonging to 686 genera and 167 families in 5 plant divisions as Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. The results showed 75 species of vascular plants are listed in tiie lUCN Red Data Book 2008, Vietaamese Red Data Book 2007 and Decree 84/CP. There are 9 genera and 80 endemic species which only found in Ninh Thuan province or some neighbouring place, especially there are 11 species which named after places in Ninh Thuan. Plant resources comprised 1074 species representing 71,55% of total species and falling into 9 groups of uses, such as medicinal plant, timber, ornamental plant, food plant, tarmin or dye plant, poison plant, aromatic or oil plant and other plant use. Medicinal plants are the largest group with 819 species represent 76,3% of total of plant resotuces and 56,6% of total species.