, T R U C J N G B A I HOC T H U B O HA NQI
56 1 _ - - . - — ^
TINH MACH LAC THE HIEN QUA PHUONG DIEN THCII GIAN TRONG V6 KICH VUNHUTOCm NGUYEN HUYTUdNG
B6 Thj Bich Phuwng' Trudng Cao ddng Vinh Phiic
Torn tit: Thdi gian Id yeu Id quan nong cdu thdnh nen cudc sdng con ngudi vi con ngiroi klidng Ihi tdn tai ben ngodi Ihdi gian Biiu ndy dd duac phim dnh rdt ro uong vi kich Yi Nhu To cua Nguyin Huy Tuang (cd 22/ 24 nhdn vdt. gdm nhdn vat cd tin vd khong ci ten. su dung tir chi Ihdi gian) Qua khao sdl 822 lugt ldi cluing tdi thdy lu ciu Ihdi gun cd sii luang Idn (128S lir) vd rdt da dang (xel a khia canh lu loai tin (tense), ngudn gtk.
td Imp tu ngir. cdu niic ngir phdp.). Thdi gian lu)'in tinh vd Id ehi thdi gian Id hai yen lo elm yiu lao nen linh mach lac vi thoi gian trong vo kich nay.
Tirkhod: Much lac. Vii Nhu Td. thai gian. kieh
l . M O D A U
Tu: khodng giira thi k\ XX. ngdn ngd ligc vdn han ra ddi. Cae nhd nghien ciiu da di sdu tim hilu cac Ihudc linli dac thii eua van bdn. trong dd cd tinh mach lac. Vdn de mach lac da duoc iim hilu d ca bl rdng vd b l sdu. 6 be rdng. da cd nhieu edng trinh nghien cdu
\ c dac diem chung eua mach lac trong van bdn \'iet: edn d be sau. mach lac di vdo timg ioai hinh \dn bdn thudc nhieu phong cdch chirc nang khac nliau.
Kich Id llie loai \ an hoc tdi hien. tai dung trirc tiep ddi sdng tren san khdu. Ddi Ihoai giiia edc nhan \ at giii vai trd chu dao trong \ iec tao dimg cdt truyen kich vd cdc xung doi kich linh. Tdi nhien. ddi thoai trong kieh khdc vdi ddi thoai cua ddi thudng, bdi kieh. cung nhu vdn xudi vd iho ea. \ e bdn chdi Id phdn anli cudc sdng bang hinh tuong nghe thuat Su thdnh cdng cua mdt vd kieh duoc lao boi nhilu \ l u Id, trong dd ed kjch bdn vd dien xual cua dien Men. Thdi gian la yeu to khdng dien hinh nhung lai Id y l u td quan trong, khong the thiiu tao nen tinh mach lac trong kieh. Trong bdi vilt nay. chung tdi nghien cim tinh mach lac the hien qua phuimg dien thdi gian trong kieh, eu the Id trong van ban kich IS Mm To (do Nxb Thanh men dn hdnh nam 2007) eua nhd van Nguyin Huy Tuong.
Mian bai nga> 10 06 2016. guj phiin bicn va duyel dang naav 24 05 2016 Lien he lac gia Do Thi Bich Phugng. Email' dollubic]iphuong]985(aBmail com
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO S/ZDIB || 57
2. N O I D U N G 2.1. M o t so khai niem
Tinh mgch lac
Da CO nhieu nha nghien ciiu ngon ngiJ dira ra dinh nghia \'e mach lac nhir David Nunan, Do Hiru Chau. Diep Quang Ban... Cac dinh nghia deu co gang lam ro cai cu the cua thuat ngir mach lac von dT kha trim tugng. Theo chiing toi. hieu mgt each dem gian, mgch lac Id sgi ddy, mgch ngdm lien ket dien ngdn. tgo tinh thdng nhdl cho dien ngon.
Mach lac co the "tron sau" bat k\ yeu to nao cau thanh nen tac pham. Trong mach lac co lien ket. Mot phan nao do cua tinli mach lac dugc the hien ve mat hinh thuc thong qua cac phuong thuc lien ket.
Thai gian
Thoi gian theo triet hgc la mgt phuong thirc ton tai cua vat chat. Thoi gian chi iiinh thuc ton tai cua cac khach the vat chat dirge bieu hien a mirc dp lau dai hay mau chong (do dai ve mat thcri gian). a su ke tiep truoc hay sau cua cac giai doan van dong. Khong mgt
\at chai nao ton tai ngoai thoi gian \a khong gian. Theo cac tac gia Tir dien tieng Viet:
"Thoi gian la hinh thuc ton tai co ban ciia vat chat, trong do vat chat van dgng va phat trien lien tuc. khong ngimg" [9, tr 1501] Tac gia Xgm en Thien Giap trong 777 khdi niem ngdn ngir CO dinh nghia thai gian nhu sau: "Thtri gian la hinh thiic ton tai ca ban cua vat chat, trong do vat chat van dgng va phat trien lien tuc. Thtri gian la dai lugng dac tnmg dong thcri cho su dai lau cua cac hien tugng va nhiing su tiep noi can tiiiet trong dien trinh cua chiing" [5. tr. 398].
Nhu \a\'. thai gian chinh la thuac do ciia \ an dgng. co qua khii. hien tai \'a tuong lai;
thai gian phat trien hen tuc khong co ngat quang. khong co "nha\ coc". khong cha> nhanh hon. cham lai hay dao ngugc dugc Do la khai niem ve thoi gian cua \a.x 1\'. thai gian thong thucmg. Di \ao van hgc. thai gian \at ly tro thanh thai gian nghe thuat. thai gian tam 1\.
bao gom ca qua khii. hien lai, tuong lai.. Thoi gian nghe thuat la mot bieu tugng co tinh uoc le, the hien quan niem cua nha van \'e cuoc dai va con nguai. Dua vao hinh tugng thai gian. phan nao ta se thay dugc cam quan cua nha \"an. Thai gian lien hoan tao nen logic ciia cuoc song. Vi \a>. no ciing !a mgt mach ngam, sgi da\' lien kel cua tac pham \an hoc boi \'an hoc la hinh bong cua cuoc song,
2.2. T h o i gian t r o n g \ o kich \'uMhw To cua N g u \ e n H u \ T i r o n g 2.2.1. Thai gian tuyen tinh
Thai gian tuyen tinli la mgi trong nhuiiii nhan i6 dien hinli cho su logic Dien bien cua vo kich dicn ra irong muoi ihang, Dieu na\ duac the hien ro qua lai giai ihieu cua tac gia
58 TRLlCfNG BAI HOC T H O B g HA NDI
"nira nam sau" (hdi thir ba), "bdn thang sau" (mdt dem he) (hdi thir tu). Chinh nhd ylutj thdi gian md ta thdy duoc tinh nhat quan, mach lae eua cdc sir kien, s\r viee. Mach lac d ddy dugc cu thi hod qua nrlnh tu diln biln cua thoi gian vat ly dem thuan (thdi gian niyin tmh). Can cii vdo diln biln eua cdc sir kien, sir viee vd yeu eau eua viec phdn cdnh. phan hdi, thdi gian tuyIn tinh trong VO Nhu Td cung nhu hang loat cdc vd kich truyin thing khac thudng cd su Iuoc bd, ngat doan, gidn each.
Thdi gian tuyIn tinh khdng chi duge the hien qua cae tir chi thdi gian ma qua cd cac tir phan dnh quan he thdi gian. Qua viec mieu td sir hinh thanh timg budc cua viec xay dung Cim trimg ddi. ta thdy hinh dnh thdi gian dang trdi di: "Me nd mdi ehi biet canh ban dim.
Chir budi chiiu hie mat Irdi lan. budi sdng hic mat Irdi mgc, cho sdng, chd tdi, bdng nguiri bdng ngua. Idng la Idng lanh, trdng cdn rue rd. dep de bdng tram, bang nghin". Phdn nay cua ddi phdi duge xay dung xong tir ldu rdi thi Vu mdi cd dieu kien ngdm nd vdo ca ba thin dilm cua ngdy vd dem: ban ngdy. ban ehieu vd ban dem. Qua cdch ndi eua thu phi Kim Phugng vdi vua Le Tuong Due ta cung thay thdi gian hien hihi: "Thdn thiep Ihdy Ihdnh llie .lilt kem di nhilu", hay qua binh ddng tieu my cua Vii Nhu Td, ta cung thay ddu dn cua ihcri gian. vi du nhu "Tdi thdy dng qud say sua ve cdng viec, sudt ngay lao lire... Trdng dngsin dl nliieu"...
Cdc su kien trong \ o kieh ciing dugc mieu ta theo trinh tu thdi gian. Tir viec Mia khdng cham Io cudc sdng dan. ehi sdng trong tim sac den viec xdy Cim trung ddi ldm kiel que ngdn khd. rdi den viee lang suu thue, khdng nghe theo Idi phai ciia trung thdn. lam nhuc Trjnh Duy Sdn. Ket qud cua hang loat nhirng hdnh di5ng dd dan den viec khdi loan cua Trinh Duy San vd cua ddn xay dai (hdi bdn). Ket thuc su viec la vua bi giet. dai bi thieu chdy, Vu Nhu Td chet (hdi nam) Tdt cd su viec deu theo mdt trat tu thdi gian. theo dien bien cua Ijch su. vi vay vira tao duge su logic, vira tao duge tinh chan thuc cua lich sir.
Trong vo kich nd> khdng cd su ddo Idn thdi gian (nhimg su \ iec trong qud kliu chi dugc ke lai chd khdng duoe dua ra trinh diln). Cae Idp, cdc hdi dugc sdp xip theo trat m thdi gian tuyen tinh vd theo kieu quan he: hdnli ddng ndy Id nguyen nlian cua hanh dong kia \ i \ d\ md khdng the ddo Idn vi tri cac ldp, cdc hdi.
Thdi gian trong kich Id Ihdi gian ddi song thudng ngdy. khdng cd thdi gian tudng tugng hay thdi gian trong tam tudng. Dilu na\' Id do ndi dung lich su cua vo kjch. Qua da;, la Cling thdy vai trd quan trong eiia ylu td thdi gian ddi vdi sir tlidnli edng eua tae phdm.
1 rdi IU giiia cdc hdi kich phdn dnh rdt rd quan he thdi gian. quan he nguy en nhdn tao su kel dinh. logic vd chdt "xi mdng" cho mach iac eua van ban.
2.2.2. Thdi gian dugc thi hien qua cdc td chi thdi gian
\ dn ban kich Vii .\hu Td cua Ngujin Hu\ Tuong gdm ed 5 hdi. 0 moi hdi. mil Idp trong hdi sd lir chi thdi gian cd so luong khdc nhau cho phu hgp vdi diln biln cua va kich.
Qua khao sdt vo kich. chung tdi cd bang sau:
TAP CHI KHCA H D C - S C S/ZOIB 59
Bang 1. So lirang tir chi thoi gian trong cac hoi kich
Hoi - Lap
H 6 i l (9 l o p - 144 luot liri)
H 3 i 2 (5 l o p - 157 laol loi)
H6i3 (91ap-213 lugl idi)
HSiJ
Hfli?
Tone
Lop 1 Lop 2 Lop 3 Lop 4 Lop 5 Ldp 6 Ldp 7 Lop 8 Lop 9 Lop I Lop 2 Lop 3 Ldp 4 Lop .^
Lop 1 Lop 2 Ldp 3 Ldp 4 Ldp .^
Ldp 6 Lop 7 Lop 8 Ldp 9 Ldp 1 Ldp 2 Ldp 3 Ldp 4 Ldp .^
Ldp 6 LiTp 1 Lop 2 Lop 3 Lop 4 Lop .<
LiTp6 Lop ~ Ldp 8 LtTp9 38
Sd lual Idi 12 4 30 2 3 2 41 3 47 30 52 28 22 25 74 8 25 10 21 5 12 42 16 39 9 72 7 19 35 18 12 18 10 7 4 28 16 14 8 : :
So lir ehi thdi gian 18 2 9 0 3 0 54 0 96 87 76 45 37 40 140
12 35 20 49 18 39 28 69 36 158
9 15 67 30 12 21 10
'
5 1 1 IS 4 I28SSd lual ldi khdng cd lir ehi thai gian
6 2 16 2 2 2 23 3 19 11 26 13 6 8 30 3 14 3 6 2 5 21 7 13 2 25 4 10 17 6 6
-
6 2 1 19 9
'1 ! 368 1
60 II
T R U f l N B BAI HOC T H U BO HA NDI
Dua vdo bang 1 ta cd thi thdy sd ldp khdng cd tir chi thd, gian: 3/38 Idp (chiem khoang 8%). Dd la ldp 4. Idp 6. Idp 8 eua hdi 1. Ldp nhieu tir chi then gian nha, la ldp 3 cua hdi 4 vd, sd lugng ti, ch. thdi gian la 158 tir Sd tir chi thdi gian, so lug, lo. khong co to chi thdi gian d md, bdi khdc nhau, eu the:
- H6i 1: 182 til clii thdi gian - 75 lug, loi khdng hr ehi thdi gian.
- H6i 2' 285 tir eh, thdi gian - 64 lugt ldi khdng tir ehi thdi gian.
- H6i 3: 344 tir chi thdi gran - 91 lugt ldi khdng til chi thdi gian.
- H6i 4: 354 tir chi thdi gian - 71 lugt Idi khdng tir ehi thdi gian.
- Hdi 5: 124 tir chr thdi gian - 67 lugt Idi khdng tir ehi thdi gian.
Nhin Chung, sd tir elu thdi gian diu nhilu hon sd lugt ldi d mdi hdi. Hdi 4 ed tdn si ,ii chi thdi gian nhilu nhdt; trung binh cir 1 lugt Idi cd khodng 2 tir ehi thdi gian.
Tu ehi thdi gian klidng chi xudt hien trong Idi ddi thoai cua mdi nhan vat ma cdn xuit hien d nhung Idi ddn truyen. Cac tir / cum tir hay xudt hien Id: mdi liic ldu lai liep hm.
dinh vita, nua ndm sou Ihinh Ihoang gdn chiiu, dang ldu ldu, liic, chai, vdn, mdt hdi lim.
tdi ddn ddn. mdi dim he. dd .lau ehd bdy gid. rdt. khi dy nim. ldu. cdn. ngay. Tan sd xuat hien: 57 Idn Cdc ttr chi thdi gian trong Idi din cho thdy rd hon diln biln ciia kich. su thav ddi cua con ngudi, cdnh vdt trong thai gian.
Cimg vdi mdi bdi. d mdi nhdn vat, tdn sd xua, hien tir chi thdi gian cung khac nhau Qua khdo sdt. chung idi cd bang sau-
Bang 2. Sd duDg tu chi thoi gian d' moi nhan vat
sn
1 2
t 5 6 7
^
Miiiiivdl
Vfl Nlui To I'ho Bao Dan Tliiom Le Tuong Due
1 111 Nhii-n liaiQiial Trmh Dii> San Pho Coi
Tdn so
297 130 115 113 99 89 66 61
sd lual ldi khdng sir dung lir chi Ihdi gian/ldng sd liriTl ldi
74'T73 14.51 41.88 41 88
10 35 8'36 12 40 2.. 46
TAP CHl KHCA HOC - SO 5/ZD1G
STT
9
10 11 12 13 14 i5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Nhdn vdt
Pho Do Nguyen Vu Thai tu Chiem Thanh Pho Toet Le Trung Mai Nguci tho Kim Phuang
Quan kJicri loan (quan sL lii quan) Gabon
Ngo Hach Noi giam Ngucn linh Ten thcr Chiem Thanh Le An
Cung nir Moi ngudi
Tdn so
53 52 42 27 19 15 12 8 7 7 7 5
.'
4 0 0
Sd luat ldi khdng sit dung tir chi Ihdi gian'tdng sd lira! ldi
23 42 1841 2 14 9 2 1 9 20
2 7 16 24 9 14 19 25 13 19 5 - 0 4 2 4 11 15
4 4 2 2
Nhin vao bang 2. ta lha> chi co 2 24 (chiem khoang S'^oi nhan vat la khong su dung tii chi thai gian. Vai cac nhan \ at con lai. tan so su dung tir ciii thai gian rat cao. Da so a cac nhan vai. so luong tir deu nhieu han so luot lai. \ h u \ a \ . ro rang la tir chi thm gian .xuat hien \ o i tan so rat cao. Cao nhat la nhan \at trung tam voi 2 9 " tir duoc su dung tren tons so lugt lai la 173. Dieu nay h' giai rang thai gian luon bao quanh chung ta va no khong chi duac the hien qua su thay doi sac dien cua con nguai ha\ su \ a i ma no con dugc in dau Irong moi loi an tieng noi. hoat dgng cua con nguai. Cac tir chi thai gian duac lap !ai nhieu lan trong loi noi cua cac nhan \ a t \ u a tao su logic trong hanh dong ngon ngir cua moi nhan
\al \"ira tao sgi da> thai gian noi tiep cho dien bien cac M^ kien trong tac pham.
62 II
TRLfdNG BAI HQC T H U BO HA NO!Cac tir chi thoi gian dugc dung trong v o kich Vii Nhit To cua Nguyen Huy Tuang vk a dang, dugc su dung voi tan suat cao,
Bdng 3. Tan so xuat hien cua cac tii' chi thoi gian 7"ir chi thai gian
Cung
Da
Cdn Lai R6i Cd Nua Moi Nam Xong
Ngay
Van
se
Ngay Vira Luc Itao gio Ba\' gi6 Dang Klu Na>
Duili 1)01
Houl
Tdn so 136 119 103 102 97 74 61 49 43 12
28
24 23 23 22 21 20 19 16 16 15 14 13 13
Vi du ... diiy cung ngdi Ihay mui khd chiu...
May ke da daoc quan vuong biet Idi?
Tdi edn la gi. cdn lau...
Lai (95). iai eon (5), lai cd (2) Tdi ve roi thay no d lai..
Hoang thugng cd giir lay ban dd , .. Ihu xem khue dan nua . Ong mdi gap loi: vda mdi ,,
Nam (36), nghin nam (1). tram nam (1). nam nay (3). mdy nam (2)
Cd the thi dai mdi xong dugc
Ngay dem (1), cai ngdy (1). moi ngay (2). ngay hoi (I), ngay mai (2). ngay (11), ngay dy (2). ngay nao (3). ngay nay (2), ngay ngdy (3)
Chung tdi van cho dip: van edn Hau the se xel cong eho dng . bade ngay khdng dugc ndi leo .
Ihay nd vda noi .,
Luc ( I I ) . mot luc (2). luc nay (1). hie nao (7) khdng hjel bao gid duoc rhao cui sd long...
1 ram sai cat luoj mi bay gid 1 ram dang mong doi
Kill (14), khi Sy (2), miy khi (2). khi xua (1) Nay (12). nay mai (1). loi nay (2) Ml dinh xay ra sao'^
Ddi \ ua (1). gia ddi (1). doi (2). mudn ddi (6). ddi thug (3) Hom na\ (5). hom ffude (1). hom sau (1). hom no (1). hdm t|ua (1). hdm kia (2). may hdm (2)
TAP CHI KHDA H D C - SD S / Z D I B
63
Tir chi thai gian SBp Dem M^
Mau TniCTc D€n Su6t Sau Chd Lau C h 6 i ^ Dpi Khci Buoi Ho^tfaanh Thang Tir Dip lAn Trong Mai Chdcnffa Gio Luon Chpt Xuan Thinh thoang Nao
Tdn so 12 11 10
$
S 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
Vidu Mong cua trim s i p thanh.
Dem khuya (1), dSmtSi (2), d e m h e ( l ) , dem qua (1), dSmnay (1), dem (5).
Mai (9), mai mai (1) Noi mau.
Truoc khi, tii trudc, ve truoc...
D i n ngSy ky, 6kn sau, d6n khi, din nay, dfin chet Su6t ngay, su6t dcri...
Nua r ^ m sau (1), sau tru6c(l), sau (3), sau nSy (2) Ta cho ngay chung no c h e t
Mot luc lau, lau thi, l i u qua, ISu ISu ... thay no chong xay xong...
... khdng phai dgi din 2 nam...
Khoi cong, khoi su, khoi loan, khoi d i u Buoi nay, buoi chiSu, buoi sang ... dai Ion tat phai hoan th^nh.
1 thang, cung lam la ba bon thang, vai thang...
Tir day, tir liic, tir ngay, tir day Dip day chii dau?
Lan nay, lan thii 2, i§n truoc...
Trong 20 nam troi, trong luc...
Mai bao con la...
Choc nua sS vao...
... da den gio chiing no.,.
dugc luon luon g§n, lu6n mdy nam nay...
...chm ngimg dau len nhin...
Xuan (2), ngay xuan (1) Thinh thoang m? no ra choi...
... nao hoi, nao tap. nao tra cmi..
TRUCfNE BAI HOC T H U B C HA NDI
Tit chi thdi gian Tim Hau Tuoi H6i Xua Bat dau Bong Kiap Trucmg Bay gio Do Clneu Tiep T6i Bay lau nay Nghin ihu Nien Hang Chimg nay Co kim Wi B^ii Dirmig iiien Moc Lan Co Muon tluKT
\ 6 i
Tdn -SO 3
>
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Vi ihl 1 .. Di tim thg gioi.
Hau th^ se xet cong cho ong. hau van..
Tuoi thanh xuan, nam 17 luoi. 40 tuoi dau...
H 6 i a y ( l } . h 6 i l a u ( 2 ) ... nghin xua . . ho moi bat dau day.
B6ng giat minh quay lai.
... cai thu truyen kiep, keo dai kiep song.
trucmg ton, trucmg tho.
... thi bay gio ai xin cap tien . . de bao thii do no, do thanh xuan...
.. troi gan chieu..
. ai xay tiep Cuu trimg dai?
Trcti toi dan dan. troi ihi toi Bay lau nay bao nhieu thg trong noi.
Dan la nghin ihu duoc hanh dien . Tan nien
hang 30 nam 6 day...
, chir den chung nay..
-. loi cham cua chii tin that h co kim bac nhdt 1 !e tai
ben nhu trang sao.
duong do thanh xuan. . Hien da keo quan d^n.
-. mat Iroi moc . mat Xvin tan Quen nhtri c6 kk.
dung 1 ky cong muon thuo ,^a\ noi Ciru nimg dai.
TAP CHI KHOA HCC - SO 5/Z01E H 6 5
Can cii so tir th6ng ke o bang 3, chiing toi thay nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, xet a khia canh ttr loai, tu chi thai gian dugc su dung khong chi la cac tii thong thuang thuoc tir loai danh tir nhu gio, phut, hoi. khi... ma con co a ca nhung tu loai khac nhu dong tir (cha, tim, mgc, lan...), tinh tir (lau, ben..), dai tir (bao gicr, bay lau, bdy gia, ngay nao, hom nao...), phu tir (da, dang, se, con, vira...). Trong do. tir chi thai gian la phu tir chiem so Iugng nliieu nhat.
Thir hai, xet ve mat thi (tense), thai gian co 6 ca ba chieu qua khii (xua, co...), hien tai (nay, hien, dang.,.), tuang lai (se, sap. mai...).
Thir ba, neu xet ve mat nguon goc, cac tu chi thai gian trong tac pham lai co the chia nhu sau:
- Co nguon goc khong gian: nhu tir kia (hom kia), ddy ("Ciiu triing dai toi nay khong ai dimg noi, roi day Vu se xay nhanh chong...", ndy (lan nay. chimg nay), no (hom no)...
Niiu vay. tir ngii chi khong gian da dugc chuyen thanh tir ngir chi thcri gian.
- Co nguon goc tir an du thai gian chuyen dpng: truac (lan truoc. tnrac khi. tir truac...). sau (nira nam sau. bon thang sau. sau nay..,), toi (toi nay)...
- Cac til chi thoi doan: hoi. l i i c ,
~ Co nguon goc tir nhiing tir chira mgt tien gia dinh \ e thai gian: roi, mai, ngay. moi, dinh. vira...
Thie lir. to hgp tir ngir thtTi gian nhu, lai con, cijng xong. na\ mai, nga\ mai. hom truoc, hom sau. van con...
Thir ndm, tir ngir thai gian dugc tao thanh tir cac to hgp cau tnic ngii phap nhu: Tir day den nay ("Rdi lit ddy den nay, ngdt 20 ndm tdi chi...", tir truac tai nay ("Tir truac Idi nay chd cd tien ciing dirac nira Id...".
Ngoai ra, lien ket \ e hinh thirc ciing la mgt mat xich cua mach lac. Sir lien ket na\
dugc the hien qua cac phuang thirc lap. the, doi, lien tucmg. noi. tmh luge, trat iir tu>en tinh Trong va kich Vii Xhu Td. cac phuong thirc nay ciing dugc su dung rat hiru hieu thong qua cac tir chi thiii gian,
Phuang thirc lap: dd. vira. mai. dem. ngdv. hdm. liic dang. .se...
Phuang thirc the: .\ghin thu - mudn ihua. xua - co. dirong — dang, ngdv dv ( lieu Ihdy nd cd sdng duac 30 ndm fnita] khdng? Md cd song dirge den ngdv dv nira. thi bay gid ai xin cdp lien
Pliuang thitc dor Xira - nav. ngdy - dem, bdi ddu - hodn ihdnh. ldu - chdng. fbiidi) sdng - ldi. kill Irudc - bdy gid..
gg II T R U a N B BAI HOC T H p S O HA NOI
PhuOTig thiic n6i: Cac tir chi thai gian kliong chi dugc diing de noi cac tir trong cau
"Hoang thugng dang mong Cu idn", n6i cac cau voi nhau "Dire vua tin yeu nhdl. Khi diic vua khdi qudn ddnh vua Vy Muc. quan Ddng cdc giiip Suae nhieu viec ldm. Ben sau di ihi hgi ddng ly trirgt.." ma con dimg it noi cac lop, hoi vod nhau. Vi du nhu loi din o lop 6 h6i 4 'Cdn mgl minh Phd Cdi" diing Ai nm tijp thai gian, diln bien su viec da xay ra a lop 5 truoc do; h6i 2 va h6i 3 n6i vol nhau qua cum tir "Nira ndm sau"; hoi 3 va hoi 4 noi voi nhau qua cmn tir "Bdn tlidng sau".
Phuang thvrc lien tuong: Vira. mdi - dang - se. gid - ngdy - thdng - ndm- nghin Ihu..
Phuong thitc tinli luge: Ndm nay ihdy no 40 (tudi). lieu Ihdy nd... Tir luoi da dugc luge bo.
Phuong thiic trat tu tuyta tinli: Thoi gian trong kich Vu Nhu To luon theo trinh tir tii truac den sau. tir hanh dgng xay ra trong qua khir dan den hanh dgng xay ra o hien tai, Dieu nay khong chi dugc phan anh qua quan he thai gian, hanh dgng ma con the hien ro qua tir chi thai gian nhu nua ndm sau (hoi 3), bdn thdng sau (hoi 4); Trdn Cao Ihdy sdm ndi aphitang ddng cd Ihiin lu khi. cimg do dang ddnh lay ddt Thuy Dirang, Ddng Trieu, lit xinh Id De Thich gidng sinh. nghiem nhien lap mgl triiu dinh rieng Irong ddt Viel. Hien dd keo qudn din Di dd, chitc hdm kinh Ihdnh...
Nhu vay. vai han 1200 tir chi thoi gian dugc su dung, ta thay rat ro tinh mach lac vl cau true, trinh tu. dien bien ciia cac su kien. su \ iec va ngay ca he thdng nhan vat kich trong kich Vii Nhu Td ciia Nguyen Huy Tuang.
3, KET LUAN
Tinh mach lac trong van ban da dugc nhieu nlia nghien ciru quan tam, chu y. song van can dugc ti^p tuc tim hieu. lam ro bai do mo h8 ciia no. Chiing ta thuang chi nhan dien va nam bat no mgl each so bg, cam tinh qua cac biSu hien vj hinli thirc va cac mai lien kft tren be mat ngon tit. Sau xa han. tinh mach lac chinh la sgi day vo hinh nm cac phSn cua dien ngon. Trong Vii Nliu Td ciia Nguyen Huy Tuang, ySu t6 thoi gian la mgt phk quan trgng cau Ihanh mach ngam mach lac. xuyen su6l va gop phdn tao nen thanh cong ciia vo kich thuoc the tai Hch su nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bicl, Thu. Ton Thao Mii-n (2000). .\g,,, ,;„ Hm Tuong vi tdc gm va Idc phdm. Nxb Giao due, : Diep Quang Ban (2009). Guio uip diin ngdn vd cdu tao eua vdn ball. Nxb Giao due, ... Diep Ouaug Ban (2005). Vdn han vd lien kit trong tiing Viet. Nxb Giao due.
4, Le Ba Han. TrSn Dinh Su. Ngu>6n Khae Phi (Dfing ehii bicn) (2006). Tu diin thudl nfit van hiiL. N\b Giao due
TAP CHI KHQA HDC - 5 D 5/2D1B || 67
Nguyen Thien Giap (2010), 777 khdi niem ngdn ngir. Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi.
Tat Th^ng (2000), Vi thi phdp kich, Nxb San khau.
Tran Dinh Sir (1998). Ddn ludn thi phdp hoc. Nxb Giao due.
Tran Nggc Them (1985),//? thdng lien ket van hdn tieng Viet. Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hoi. Ha Ngi.
Trung tam Tir dien hgc (2015), Tir dien tieng Viel, Nxb Da Nang.
COHERENCE SHOWS THROUGH THE TIME IN THE PLAY ENTITLED "VU NHU T O " BY NGUYEN HUY TUONG Abstract: Time is an importanl factor which forms human life as human beings cannot exist beyond time. This has been clearly reflected in the play entitled "Vu Nhu To" by Ngiryen Huy Tuong (there are 22 out of 24 characters, including named and unnamed characters, using M'ords denoting lime). By sun'eying 822 turns al talk, il has been .seen that words denoting time account for a large quantity (1288 words) and are varied (in aspects of word form, tense, origins, phrases, grammatical structures) Chronology and words denoting time are the two main factors forming the time coiierence in the work Keywords. Coherence, Vu Nhu To, lime, play