Nguyen Thj Y^n va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 97(09): 129-133
TINH DA DANG THyC VAT TRONG M O T S 6 KIEU THAM 6 XA XUAN SON, HUYEN TAN SON, TINH PHIJ THQ
Nguyen Thj Y ^ n ' ' . Le Nggc C6ng', D 5 H & U Thu", Trjnh Thj Linh' Trirdng Dgi hqc Khoa hpc- DH Thai Nguyen, 'Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm - DH Thai Nguyen.
'I'ii'n Sinh thai va Tdi nguyen vinh vgi TOM T A T
Dupe thien nhifin uu dai v(ri cic dit-ii ki§n v^ thiri li^t, khi h§u thu§n Ipi nen xa Xuan San c6 th^m thyc vit rirng phit triln. phong phu va da dgng vc ihanh phin loai.
Kfit qua dieu tra thyc dja v^ sy da dgng ihyc v^t tgi day. chiing loi thu dupe ket qua; 175 loai, 152 chi. 83 hp ihupc 4 nganh thyc v i f Thdng dai (Lycopodiophyta); Mpc l$c (Equisetophyta); Duong
\ i (Polypodiophyta): Mpc lan (M,i!;riulni|ili\i,i)
Syphan bd thanh phan loii trong cac kteu tli.ini ihirc \;ii c6 khac nhau. cy thfi: d rimg ty nhien c6 IOO loai. 95 chi. 62 hp; Th.iiii cay byi co 95 loai SN ciii 49 hp. Rimg trfing Keo do co sy tac dpng ciia con nguoi nfin thanh phan loai (ngoAi keo) n hon so v6i 2 kifiu tham tren: 35 loai, 31 chi, 21 hp. Sy da dang thyc vat a day the hifin a s6 lupng c^c taxon. su phan bo cua chimg trong nhifiu sinh canh khac nhau o khu vyc nghifin ciru (KVNC). Tu ket qua thu dup^c. chiing toi da phan loai cong dyng ciia cdc loai thyc vgt trong KVNC th^nh cac nh6m' nh6m cay liy gh. nhom cay lam thuoc. nhom ca\ an duoc. nh6m cSy lam canh.
Tir khoi: Da dang thuc vdi xd Xudn San. kieu tham
DAT V A N DE
Xuan Son la mQt trong 4 xa (Xuan Scm. Dong Son. Xuan Dai, K i m Thugng) nam trong khu vuc CO Vucm Quoc gia Xuan San dugc Ihanh lap nam 2002 Tong dien tich dat ty nhien ciia xa Xuan Son la 6548 ha, chu yeu la dat lam nghiep (chiem 60%). trong cac loai cay lam nguyen lieu gia\ Bach dan, md. keo la tram, caj cho go: Lat. nghien .. ca\ cong nghiep nhu che Shal. SOTI.. Nhiet dp trung binh nam tir 22''C - 25"C. lugng mua trung binh tir 1500 - 2000mm, Dugc thien nhien uu dai vcri cac dieu kien ve thai tiet. khi hau nhu vgy nen Xuan San co tham thuc vat rirng phat trien.
thanh phan loai thyc vat rat phong phii va da dang Tren dia ban xa co 2 dan toe chinh la ngircri Dao va Muang. song phan bo va rai rac trong 5 xom ( C o i . Lap. Dii. Lang. Limg Mang). Nguon song chinh ciia cong dong dan cu a day la san xuat nong nghiep, trong liia nuoc va lua nuang. canh tac nucmg ray truyen thong va khai thae nguon tai nguyen rirng nhu: mat ong, go, cui, mang, song. may.
thuoc nam. Chinh vi \ a \ it nhieu lam anh
Eiiail ng}iyemliiyeim2nlli(iigmailcom - Tai f)9l2Nt)J>MJ
huang den su da dang sinh hgc a day nhu so lugng. thanh phan loai thyc vat giam sut. dac biet la cac loai thyc vat lam thuoc chiJa benh va cac loai cho go quy. De gop phan danh gia sy da dang thuc \at a Xuan Scm. chimg toi tien hanh nghien cuu tinh da dang thyc \at trong mot so kieu tham lai khu vyc nghien ciru (K'>'NC) Ket qua thu dugc lam c a s a c h o nhiJng nghien ciru tiep theo tai xa Xuan San.
DOI T U O N G V A PHUONG PHAP N G H I E N CU'U
Doi l u u n g nghien c u u : Cac loai thyc vat bac cao co mach trong mot so kieu tham; Rirng tu nhien (RTN). rirng trong Keo tai tugng 8 nam (RKE 8 nam), tham ca\ bui thugc xa Xuan San, huyen Tan San. tmh Phii Tlig Phuo'ng phap nghien cuu
- Phuang phap dicu tra trong dan: Phong van.
ghi chep nhung thong tin thu dugc tir ngudi chii rirng. bg phan tuan tra. bao ve rirng de nam dugc cac thong tin ve dieu kien tu nhien a K V N C , trang thai ciia rung, ten dia phucmg cac loai thuc vat. nhiJng tac dgng ciia con nguoi v.T dong vai den he Ihuc vat rirng.
- Phuang phap dieu tra thuc dia:
129
Nguyin Thi Yin vd Dtg T^p chf KHOA HpC & C 6 N O N G H $ 97(09): 129-133 + Ciing ngu6i dfin dja phucmg di khfio sfit, thu
thip mSu trdn tit cfi cfic l6i di trong Ifing vfi trong vuim.
+ Tiin hfinh cfic tuyin diiu tra vfi lgp cfic 6 tISu chuAn di thu miu theo phirong phfip ciia Nguyin NghTa Thin (2007) [7] vfi Hofing Chung (2006) [4],
- Djnh I09I, xfic djnh tSn khoa hpc theo sfich:
"Cfiy cd Viit Nam" ciia Phpm Hofing HO (1991, 1993) [5]: "Danh lyc cfic lofii thyc vjt Viit Nam", tfip II (2003). t$p III (2005) [8];
"Tin cfiy rimg Viit Nam" (31; "Sfich d6 Viit Nam" (2007) [2].
- Phfin I09I thyc vfil theo gifi trj sOr dyng theo cfic tfii liiu: "dm nang tra ciiu vfi nhfin biet cfic hg thyc vfit hat kin d Viit Nam" [1];
"1900 loai cfiy c6 (ch is Vi?t Nam" [6]; "Ten ca> rimg Vi^t Nam" [3].
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Sir da d^ng ve so \wfn^ cfic taxon Tuy diin tich KVNC chi vdi 6548 ha, nhung so lugng cfic taxon thyc vfit thong ke dugc a day kha phong phii va da dpng v6i 175 loai.
152 chi, 83 hg thugc 4 ngfinh thyc vfit bfic cao CO mach phfin b6 trong 3 kieu thfim: RTN.
RKE 8 nfim va thfim cay byi.
So lugng cfic taxon cy the trong timg ngfinh thyc vfit dugc trinh bfiy trong bang I.
Qua bang 1 cho thay, thanh phan thyc vfit a KVNC kha phong phii va da dang. Sy phan bo cua cfic taxon nhu sau Ngfinh Mgc Lan
(Magnoliophyta) cd sA hp, chi vfi lofii Idn nhdt. gftm 70 ho (chiim 84,34%). 134 chi (88.16%). 152 lofii (86,86%). T i ^ din U ngfinh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) vdi 10 hg (12,05%), 15 chi (9,87%), 20 lofii (11,43%).
Ngfinh Th6ng dkx (Lycopodiophyta) cd 2 hp (2,41%). 2 chi (1.31%), 2 lofii (1.14%). Cuoi cCing Ifi ngfinh MOc tfic (Equisetophyta) cd I h9(I.2%). I chi (0.66%). 1 lofii (0.57%).
Trong ngfinh M^c lan. tdp MOc lan (Magnoliopsida) cd 58 hp (82.86%), 112 chi (83.58%), 124 lofii (81,58%). Trong khi dd Idp Hfinh (Liliopsida) cd sd hp, chi. lofii it hon rill nhiiu. vdi 12 hp (17.14%). 22 chi (16.42%). 28 lofii (18.42%).
Sy da dang c i c laxon t h ^ v^t trong cfic kiiu tham
5(/ phdn bo cdc laxon thifc vgi irong rimg Hr nhiin
Rimg ty nhien Ifi ncri mfi mot tmdng it bi bien doi, dat cdn tot. dp fim cao, do dd cd nhiiu lofii thyc v$t ua am va chju bdng ton t^i.
Qua kel qufi nghien ciJru, chiing toi dfi xfic djnh dugc IOO lofii. 95 chi. 60 hg thupc 4 ngfinh Ihyc vfit bfic cao cd mpch: ngfinh Thdng dfit (Lycopodiophyta); nganh Mpc tfic (Equisetoph>ia); ngfinh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta): ngfinh Mpc Lan (Magnoliophyla). So tugng cy thi dugc thong ke trong bfing 2.
Bang I: Syr phdn hd eac taxon ihyv vgi trong 4 ngdnh a K\ SC STT
1 2 3 4 4 1.
4,2.
Ng^nh thgr v | I Thong dSl (Lycopodiophyta) Mpc 19c (Equisetophyta) Dirong xi (Polypodiophyta) Mpc lan (Magnoliophyta) Liirp Mpc lan (Magnoliopsida) Ldtp h^nh (Liliopsida)
T6ng cOng
S i h 9 2 1 10 70 58 12 83
H9 2.41
%
1.2 12,05 84.34 82.86 17,14 roo.o
Ch S6chi
2 1 15 134 112 22 152
i
%
1,31 0,66 9,87 88,16 83,58 16,42 100,0
Loi S6 Joii
2 1 20 152 124 28 175
ti
•A 1,14 0,57 11,43 86,86 81,58 18,42 100,0
Nguyin Thj Y^n vd Dtg T?p chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 97(09): 129-133
B^ng 2: So lirang cdc taxon thtrc vdt trong cdc ngdnh a Rimg l\r nhien (RTN)
STT Ngjtnh thvir v^t H9
S 6 h 9
%
s i chl%
sit loii1 Thong d^t (Lycopodiophyta) 2 Mpc t$c (Equisetophyta) 3 Duong \ i (Polypodiophyta) 4 Mpc lan (Magnoliophyta)
1 1,61 1 1,05 I 1,0 1 1.61 I 1,05 1 1,0 5 8,06 6 6,31 8 8,0 55 91,67 87 91,58 90 90,0 T6ng c(>ng
Bang 3: Sd hrang cdc laxon thiec vgi trong
STT Ngiinh thyc v§l
1 Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) 2 Moc lan (Magnoliophyta)
62 IOO cdc ngdnh a Rirna
Hp Si> hp %
2 9.52 19 90.47
95
; Irdng keo Ch S6chi
2 29
100 H nam f i
%
6,45 93,55
IOO IOO
•RKE S nam) Lofii S6 l o i i %
3 8,57 32 91,43
Tong c(ing 21 100 31 100 35 100
Trong cae hp da biet. hp co nhieu loai nhat la hp Ray (Araceae) gom 5 loai (chiem 5.0 tong so loai th6ng ke dugc d RTN). Co 3 ho, moi hp co 4 loai (4.0%): hp Long nao (Lauraceae), hp Dau tam (Moraceae). hp Girng (Zingiberaceae). Co 4 ho CO 3 loai (3.0%) hp Xoai (Aracardiaceae).
ho Vang (Caesatpiniaceae). C o 19 hp co 2 loai: hp Toe ve nir (Adiantaceae). hp Duong xi (Polypodiaceae). ho Na (Annonaceae). .. con lai CO 33 ho CO 1 loin.
Nhin chung, rirng ty nhien a khu vyc xa Xuan San rat da dang ve thanh phan toai. uu the thuoc cay go va cay thao.
Su phdn ho cdc taxon ihirc vdt a rimg trong Keo lai Itrang 8 ndm
Day la quan xa rirng trong Keo tai t u p n g (Acacia mangirum Willdy tir nam 2004. Chieu cao trung binh khoang 1 I m . d u o n g kinh than
10-12cm, do che phii cua K e o la 8 0 % . Ket qua chiing toi thong ke d u a c 35 loai. 31 chi, 20 hp thuoc 2 nganh: D u a n g xi va Mpc lan. Ket qua d u p e trinh bay trong bang 3.
Trong cac ho da bifit, h p co nhieu loai nhat la ho Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae), gom 8 loai (chiem 2 2 , 8 6 % long so loai da thong ke d u a c o quan xa nay). Tiep den la hp Dau
(Fabaceae) co 4 loat (chiem 11,43%), hp Cue (Asteraceae) co 3 loai (chiem 8,57%). Cac hp CO 2 loin gom 4 hp la: hp Bong bong (Schizacaceae). hp Long nao (Lauraceae), hp Bong (Malvaceae), hp Trinh nii" (Mimosaceae).
Con lai 11 h p c o 1 loai.
Tai quan xa nay, thuc vat kem phong phii hon so vdi RTN, chit yeu la cac cay ua am. chiu bong Ihupc nhom cay bui nhu: Co Lao (Eupatoriumodoraliim), Bo cu ve (Breynia frutico.sa). Buc irang (Mallotiis apelta), va than leo nhu: T o xanh {Cassytha fdiforims).
Ma lien long (Strvchros Ignatli). Mam xoi (Riibus alcaejolius). ... Tai kieu rirng nay, do CO su tac d p n g ciia con nguai trong qua trinh chain soc nen hinh thanh tang cay bui thap \ a thua thdt trong rirng Keo.
Sir phiin ho ciic laxon llniv vdi a iham cdy bin Tham cay bui a da\' la tham thyc vat thir sinh, no d u p e hinh thanh do rirng bi khai thae can kiet. lap di lap lai nhieu lan.
Kfil qua thu d u a c tir kieu tham nay n h u sau- 95 loai. 86 chi. 45 ho thugc 3 nganh thyc vat:
T h o n g d^t. D u o n g xi. Mpc lan. Ket qua duoc trinh hay trong bang 4.
131
Nguyin Thi Yin vi Dig Tsp chl KHOA HQC & C 6 N 0 NaH$ 97(09): I » - 1 3 3
STT 1 2 3
Bfing 4: SS luvng cdc taxon
NgAnh thyc vfit Thdng dfit (Lycopodiophyta) Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) M(k lan (Magnoliophyta)
Ting cOng
t th\K v^i Irong 3 ngdnh a ihdm cJy bvl H»
Sli h9 % 1 2,04 4 8,16 44 89.79 49 IOO
Chi St chl •/.
1 1.14 4 4.SS 13 94.31 as IOO
Loll si loii '/.
1 I.OS 6 6.31 88 92.63 95 IOO Qua k^t qufi thu duvc, chung tdi nhliii thiy ho
Th&u dku (Euphorbiaceae) c6 nhi^u lofii nh^t v6i 13 lofii (chidm 13.68%); tidp ddn Ifi hp D$u (Fabaceae) vfi hp Cue (Asteraceae) c6 8 lofii (8,42Vo); hp Hofi thfio (Poaceae) cd 6 lofii (6.31%); hp B6ng c6 4 lofii (4.21%). C6 3 hp cd 3 lofii Ifi: hp Xofil (Anacardiaceae). hp Sim (Myrtaceae). hp Nho (Vitaceae). Cfic hp c6 2 lofii g^m 14 hp Ifi: hp Tdc v^ nO', hp Bdng bong, hp Hoa tfin, hp Vang, hp Long nfio. hp Mua. hp Mfi tien, hp Tiet de. ... cdn l^i cd 23 hp cd I lofii.
6 kieu tham nfiy, thfinh phSn lofii thyc v§t phong phu va da d^ng. chii yeu Ifi cac lofii thupc cay h^in sinh, ua sfing, chju dupe dieu ki?n kho ndng vfi dat chua, ngh^o dinh duong. Do dong bao noi day bd khong Ifim nucmg ray dupe 4-5 nfim nen d day cfic lofii thupc than byi vfi than thao rat phat trien.
Su- da df^ng ve gifi trj sir d^ng ngu6n tfii
•guyen thirc v^t d xfi Xuan Son Theo tac gia Nguyen Tien Ban va Cs (1997) [1]; Tran Dinh Ly (1995) (6]; Bp Nong nghi?p va Phat trien nong thon (2000) [3], chiing toi dfi phan lo^i cong dgng cua cfic lofii thyc V9t trong KVNC thfinh cfic nhdm: Cay lay go. cay Ifim thuoc. ca> in dupe, cay lam canh, cay cho tinh dau. lam thuc fln gia sue, cay dimg dan Ifil... Ket qua dupe trinh ba\ d bang 5.
Bing 5: Cdc nhdm tdi nguyen thifc vgt a xd Xudn San
STT Nh6m iai nguygn S6 lofii
1 Cay lfim thu6c 80 2 Cay lay gh 40 3 Cay an dupe (Rau, cii. qua...) 20
4 Cay Ifim canh 19 5 Ca> cho tinh dau 8 6 Ca> l^m thirc an gia siic 5 7 Ca\ diinudan Ifil 3
Trong pham vi ciia bfii vidt. chiing tdi trinh bfiy 4 nhdm tfii nguySn cd gifi trj sii dyng cao: Cfly Ifim thu6c, cfiy l^y g&, cfiy fin dupe, cfiy Ifim cfinh.
Nhdm cdy Idm ihuoc
S6 lofii th^ng k£ dupe Ifi 80 lofii thupc 4 ngfinh TV bfic cao c6 m^ch, trong dd ngfinh Mpc lan (Magnoliophyta) c6 so lofii cao nhdt:
70 lofii. Ngfinh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) cd 8 lofii: cdn l^i 2 ngfinh Ifi Thdng ddt (Lycopodiophyta) vfi ngfinh Mpc tfic (Equisetophyta). moi ngfinh co I loai. Cfic hp cd nhieu loai cay Ifim thuoc la: hp Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae): 15 lofii. hp Cue (Asteraceae):
12 lofii. hp Dfiu (Fabaceae): 10 loai....
Nhom cdv lay go
Con so thong ke dupe Ifi 40 loai thu$c ngfinh Mpc lan (Magnolioph\la). Nhihig hp sau cd so lofii cao (Iir 5 loai tro len) la: hp Long nfio (Lauraceae) 8 lofii, hp De (Fagaceae) va hp Xoan (Meliaceae) deu cd 7 lofii, hp Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) cd 6 loai... Ngofii ra a day cdn gfip nhieu lofii go quy nhu: Tau muoi (Valica diospyroides Symingt). Chd chi (Parashorea chinensis H, Wang), Lat hoa (Chukrasia lahularis A.Juss). Nghien (Excentrodemb-an lonkinerse (Gagrep.) Chang)...
Shorn cdv dn dirgrc (lam rau. Ia>' cu. an qua) Thupc nhdm na\ co 20 loai, bao gdm rau fin, lay cti. than, la va lay qua. Gdm cac lofii:
Tram den (Canarium traniderum), Nhfin rimg (Dimocarpus fumaius), Sau (DracontomelSi duperreanum), Dau da xoan (Allospondias lakonersis (Pierre) Staff). Tai chua (Gareinia cova Roxb.), Rau sfing (Meheniha .sua\'isX Rau den cam (Amaranihus lividus L.), 132
Nguyen Thj Yen vo Dtg Tpp chl KHOA HOC & C 6 N G N G H $ ' Nhom cdy lam cdnh
Nhom nay cd 19 lofii. gom cfic lofii c h o b d n g mat, cho hoa d? p mfit. H p cd nhieu lofii lam canh nhfit la hp Lan ( O r c h i d a c e a e ) 16 loai; hp D6 quyen ( E r i c a c e a e ) 4 lofii, Cfic lofii lay gS nhu Sfiu. Lfit hoa, C h d chi. Gpi nep... c6 the diing lam canh vfi trong lay b d n g mfit.
KET LUAN
97(09): 129-133
Dupe thien nhien uu dfii \ a i c.-ic dieu kiOu ve thai ti^t. khi h^u thufin Ipi nen Xufin Scm cit tham thyc v^t rirng p h o n g phii, da d^ng \ e thanh phan loai. Kel qua dieu tra cho ih.-iy.
thyc vat cr RTN \ a thfim c a \ byi kha phong phii va da d^ng \<: thanh phan loai Cy the nhu sau: 100 loai. 95 chi. 62 hp cd mfit a RTN: 95 loai. 88 chi. 4 9 lup cd mfit a thfim cay byi. T r o n g khi d o d qufin xfi rirng trong Keo tai t u p n g ( R K E 8 nfim) dd cd sy tac dpng ciia con ngudi nen thfinh phan lofii kem da dang hon so vdi 2 kieu tham tren (35 loai. 31 chi, 21 hp).
TAI L1$U THAM K H A O t l ] . Nguyin Tien Bfin (1997), Cdm nang tra cuu vd nhgn biel cdc hg ih{rc vgt hgt kin a Viil Nam, Nxb N6ng nghidp, Hfi Npi
[2]. BO KH&CN (2007), Sdch dd ViH Nam (ph^n Thyc vgt), Nxb KHTN vfi C6ng ngh?
[3]. Bp N6ng nghiep v4 PTNT (2000), Ten cdy rirng Viit Nam. Nxb Nong nghiep, Hfi Npi [4]. Hofing Chung (2006), Phutmg phdp nghien edu qudn xd thuc vdt. Nxb Gifio dye, HA Npi [51. Pham Hofing Hp (1992, 1993), Cdy cd Viit Nam. quyen Mil, Motreal-Canada
[6]. Tran Dinh Ly(1993), 1900 lodi cdy cd Ich a i'lii Nam. Nxb The gidi. Ha Npi
(7]. Nguyen NghTa Thin (2007). Cdc phuang phdp nghien cuu thyc vgt. Nxb DHQG Hi Npi [8]. Trung tam nghien cuu l^i nguyen va moi trufmg. Vi?n Sinh thii vk Tfii nguyen Sinh vai (2003. 2005), Danh luc Thuc vdt Viet Nam. lap It (2003). lap in (2005). Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha N^i
SUMMARY
P L A N T D I V E R S T E V O F S O M E V E G E T A T I O N A L C O V E R T Y P E LN XUAN S O N C O M M U N E . T A N S O N D I S T R I C T , P H U T H O P R O V I N C E
Nguyen Thi Yen' , Le Ngoc Cong^ Do Huu Thu^, Trinh Thi Linh' 'College of Sciences -College of Education - T.S'C
Insliliide ol Ecology and Biological Resources Thanks lo propitious nature in weather and climate conditions. Xuan Son has a rich develop vegetational cover in species component. In plant diversity investigation, we got ihe result ihai.
there were 175 species, 152 genera, 83 families belonging to 4 plant phyla including Lycopodiophyia, Equisetophyta. Polypodtophyia, Magnoliophyta, The distribution of species component was so differeni In detail, natural foresi had IOO species. 95 genera, 62 families; Bush had 95 species. 88 genera. 49 families Acacia foresi, with human actions, had only 35 species, 31 genera. 21 families. Plant diversity there was expressed in taxon number and distribution. By ihe result achieved, we classified use of plants in differeni groups such as group plants for wood, for medicine, for food and for bonsai
Key words: Plant diversity. .\'uan Son umimunc. vcgelalional cover type
^gciy nhdn bar 03/S/20I2. ngdy plum bidn 14 .S 2012. ngd\' duyet ddng: 10'10 2012
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