Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den si/tham gia ChiTtfng tnnh nong thon m6i cua ho dan cu"
vung ven bien xa Loc Bmh,
huyen Phu Loc, tinh ThiTa Thien Hue
LE AMH QUY"
NGavlN THAI PHAN"
Torn tdt
Bdi vie't nhdm tim ra cdc nhdn tddnh hudng din sff tham gia Chuang trinh Muc tiiu Qud'c gia ve xdy dffng nong thdn mdi (Chuang trinh nong thon mdi) cua hd ddn cu vung ven biin xd Lgc Blnh. huyen Phu Ldc, tinh Thffa Thiin Hui'. Ki't qud nghiin cffu cbo thd'y, cd 5 nhdn td. gom:
Diin tich ddt sdn xudt ndng nghiep; Kinh nghiem trong sdn xudt; Nghi nghiep ddnh bat; Sd thdnh vien trong gia dinh cd bdo hiem; Suhdi long vi diin tdc dgng den xdc sud't cua viic tham gia ChffOng trinh nong thon mdi dxa Ldc Blnh. huyen Phii Ldc, linh Thffa Thien Hue.
Ttf khda: hd gia dinh. sff tham gia, chuang trinh nong thon mdi, xd Lgc Binh. huyen Phu Lgc.
tinh Thffa Thien Hui'
Summary
This study is to analyze determinants of households' participation in the national target programme for new rural construction in Loc Binh commune, Phu Loc district, Thua Thien Hue province. The outcome points out five infiuential factors, which are Area of agricultural land, Experience in production. Job, Number of family members having insurance. Satisfaction with electricity supply.
Keywords: household, participation, new rural construction program. Loc Binh commune.
Phu Loc district. Thua Thien Hue province
GlCfl THIEU Hidn cd khd nhi^u nghien ctfu dd'n stf tham gia cua ngtfdi dan dd'n kd't qua thffe hidn Chtfdng trinh ndng Thtfa Thidn Hud' Id mdt trong nhffng thon mdi, song kha it edc nghidn cffu trffdc ddy giai tinh ven bid'n mien Tmng, vdi boat dong thich vi sao ed sff tham gia cua ngffdi ddn dffa vao cac kinh te chu yd'u phu thude vdo nudi trong ngudn Itfc san co cua cac hp, ddc bidl la nghien ctfu d vd danh bdt thuy hai san. Chinh vi vay, mdl dia phffdng d mien Trung. Chinh vi vdy, vide thffc cdi thien kinh te'cdc vijng ven bie'n la mdl hien nghien ctfu ''Cac nhan td'anh htfdng de'n stf tham trong nhffng nhiem vu quan trong dd' phat gia Chtfdng tnnh muc tieu qud'c gia ve xdy dtfng ndng trien kinh te'Tinh. La mot trong hai huydn thdn mdi cua hd dan ctf d xa Lpc Binh, huyen Phu Ldc, dtfdc tinh Thtfa Thidn Hue'chpn ldm did'm linh Thffa Thidn Hue'" la can thid't.
trong thffc hidn Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn
mdi, huydn Phii Lpc da cd 05/10 xd dat TONG QUAN NGHIEN CUU chuan ndng thdn mdi. De thuc da'y ditfc
hidn Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn mdi thanh Nghidn etfu cua Do Thi H6ng_ Nhung (2014) eho ' lg, stf tham gia cua ngtfdi dan dia thd'y, ngtfdi ddn da tham gia hau hd't cdc ndi dung trong g ed vai trd rd't quan trpng. trong Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn radi, nhtf: thdng tin,
125 'ThS., ", Tri/dng Dgi hoc Kinh te - Dai hoc Hue
Ngdy nhdn hdh 15/6/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 20/6/2020: \'gd\ du\ et ddng 25/6/2020
Economy and Foreca.st Review
tuyen tmyen; thao ludn chid'n Itfde; lap ke' hoach vd quy hoaeh phdt trien ndng thdn mdi; ede md hinh san xud't, tap hua'n khoa hpe - ky thudt; huy ddng nguon Itfe xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi; gidm sat; qudn ly va stf dung tai san hinh thanh trong qua trinh xdy dtfng md hinh ndng thdn mdi.
Nghien cu\i cua Nguydn Hoai Nam (2012) cung dd ehi ra vai trd quan trong cua ngtfdi dan trong xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi. Trong dd, ngtfdi dan tham gia vdi nhieu hinh thtfe vd ed'p dp khdc nhau, nhff: khdng cd sff tham gia; tham gia thu ddng; tham gia thdng qua vide cung cd'p thdng tm; tham gia bdi nghia vu hay bi bat budc; tham gia bdi dinh hffdng tff ben ngoai, tham gia Iff nguydn.
Chau Minh Dtfdng (2016) dd eho rang, xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi dang trd thanh phong trdo rdng khap ca nffdc, btfdc dau huy ddng dffde sff tham gia ciia ngffdi dan va cdng dong. Trong qua irinh thtfc hien, mae dil cdn gap mdt so' khd khan vd lung lung khi trien khai mpt sd'lidu chi, nhtfng da sd'dtfdc ngtfdi dan ddnh gia khd cao theo thang do ddnh gia mtfc dp hdi ldng.
Nguyln Mdu Dung (2012) da chi ra rdng, stf tham gia cua ngffdi dan trong Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn mdi cd vai trd ctfc ky quan trpng va dtfdc eoi Id chia khda then chd't la de' dam bao cho stf thdnh edng. De tdng ctfdng stf tham gia cua ngtfdi ddn trong xay dffng ndng thon mdi, trffde hd't can xdc dinh ngffdi dan ehiiih la chii the xay dffng nong thdn mdi, dong thdi tao dieu kidn cho ngffdi dan trtfc lid'p tham gia vao ban ehi dao xay dtfng nong thdn mdi ed'p thdn, xd; phat huy vai trd ciia ngffdi dan trong edng tdc tuyen tmyen van ddng.
Theo Mai Thi Huyen va cdng sff (2019). edc nhan td' ehu yd'u cd anh hffdng dd'n quyet dinh tham gia ciia ngffdi dan, gom: Thu nhdp; Nghe nghidp; Sff ldnh dao cua chinh quyen dia phffdng; Mtfc dp hieu bid't; Ky vpng cua ngtfdi dan.
PHUttNG PHAP NGHIEN CL/U
Nghidn ctfu da thu thap sd' lieu ttf 5% td'ng so' hd d xd Ldc Binh, huydn Phu Ldc, linh Thtfa Thidn Hue'.
Td'ng so' hd d xd Ldc Binh la 1.366 hp (Cue Thd'ng kd tinh Thtfa Thidn Hue', 2019), do dd, long sd'hd dffpc lffa chpn phdng vd'n vdi phtfdng phap ngdu nhidn khdng lap se id 68 hp. Nghien ctfu dtfdc thtfc hidn trong ndm 2019.
Dd' hoi quy bid'n phu thude Id nhi phdn giffa 2 sff ltfa chon 0 va 1, nghien ctfu sd stf dung md hinh Probit/
Logit de' xdc dinh cde nhdn td' tdc dpng dd'n stf ltfa chpn giffa 2 nhdm tham gia vd khdng tham gia vdo Chffdng trinh ndng thdn mdi d xa Ldc Binh, huydn Phii Ldc, tinh Thffa Thien Hud'.
Md hinh \y thuye't dff kie'n nhff sau:
J = ft
+ 1 M+
A.O,+ A, A + + ^, A + A A + =
Dff lidu dffde phan tich theo quy tdc sau:
j = 1 nd'u hp san xua't cd tham gia ddng gdp vao Chffdng tnnh ndng thdn mdi; 0 nd'u hd san xua't khdng tham gia;
p : Cac tham so' cua bid'n giai thieh;
X^ la cac bid'n giai thich bao gom:
Kinh' nghiem trong san xua't cua nong dan (nam); Trinh dp hpc va'n ndng dan (nam hpe); Sd' Itfdng thdnh yien trong gia dinh (so' thanh vien); So' lao dpng trong gia dinh (so'thdnh vidn); Gidi tinh ndng dan (1 = nam, 0 = nff); Tu6i chu hp (nam); Didn tich da't san xud't ndng nghidp (m-); Sd' Iffdng thdnh vidn trong gia dinh cd bao hiem (sd' thanh vidn);
Sd' Itfdng tap hua'n trong ndm (sd' Itfpt);
So' to' chtfc phi chinh phii tham gia (so't^
chtfc); Sd' Itfdng tham gia cac cudc hpp d dia phtfdng (sd' Iffdi); Didn tich nudi trong, danh bdt thiiy san (m-); Sff hai long ve cung cd'p didn (1: Cd; 0: Khdng);
Sff hdi long ve tid'p can nguon ntfdc (1:
Cd; 0: Khdng); Vay tin dung nha ntfdc (1: Cd; 0: Khdng); Ngh^ nghidp (D, = 1: nudi trong thuy san; D|= 0: san xud't khdc); Nghe nghidp (D, = 1: ddnh bat;
D,= 0: San xud't ndng nghidp); Mtfc thu nhdp eua hd (D, = 1: thu nhap d mtfe trung binh, ttf 7 tridu dd'n 12 tridu VND/
thang; D,= 0: Khdc); Mffc ihu nhdp cua hd (Dj= 1: thu nhap d mtfc eao, trdn 12 tridu VND/thdng; D^= 0: thu nhap 6 mtfc thap, dtfdi 7 tridu VND/thdng).
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Chtfdng trinh nong thdn mdi Id stf kd't hdp thffc hien ciia cac cd quan chinh quyen nhd ntfdc vd ngtfdi dan dia phtfdng. Dd' ed dffde stf thdnh cdng eiia Chtfdng trinh, khdng thd' phu nhdn vai trd quan trpng va sff ddng gdp cua ngffdi dan dia phtfdng. Cd the nhdn thd'y rdng, hanh vi cua ehii hd cd the bj anh htfdng bdi ede ddc diem cua chii hp dtfdc phdng vd'n. Cdc nhan td', bao gom: Kinh nghidm trong san xud't cua ndng dan; Tnnh dp hpc va'n nong ddn; Sd' Itfdng thanh vidn trong gia dinh; Sd' lao dpng trong gia dinh; Gidi tinh ndng dan; Tudi chii hp;
Didn tich da't san xua't ndng nghidp; So' Itfdng thanh vidn trong gia dinh cd bao hiem; So Itfdng tap hua'n trong nam; So to chtfc phi chinh phu tham gia; So Itfdng tham gia cdc cupc hpp d dia phtfdng;
Didn lich nudi trong ddnh bat thijy san;
Stf hai ldng \ e cung ca^p dien; Stf hai ldng ve tid'p can nguon nffdc; Vay tin dung nha ntfdc; Nghe nghidp; Mtfc thu nhap cua bd.
Nghien ctfu da stf diing gia tri 0 va 1 dd' lan ltfdi dai dien cho nhdm tham gia
126
BANG: KET QUA CUA PHAN TICH HOI QUY HAM PROBIT VE CAC NHAN TO TAC DONG DEN S(J THAM GIA VAO CHUONG TRINH NONG THON mfll
• Bigh stf
Kinh nghiem trong san xua't Trtnli d6 gi^o due
So lifting thilnh vien trong gia dinh So lao dong trong gia dinh Gi(3i tinh
Tuoi chu ho
Di^n tich dat san xua't nong nghiap Sf^liTdng [h^nh vien trong gia dinh c6 bao hiem SC^li/cfng tap hua'n trong nam
So td chii'c phi chinh phu tham gia So lifting tham gia cdc cupc hgp d dia phifcfng Dien tich nuoi trong, danh bat thuy san S\f hai long ve cung ca'p dien ( l : « ; 0 : Khong)
Sifhai long ve tiep can nguon nifdc (l':C6;0'Kh6ng)
Vay tin dung nha nirdc (1;C6;0: Khong) Bien gia Nghe nghiep I
(P Nu6i trong thuy san; 0: San xua't khdc) Bi6'n gia Nghe nghiep 2
(1: Ddnh bai; 0: San xua't ndng nghiep) Bi^n gii miJc thu nhap cua h6 1 (l:Thu nhapd mu'c trung blnh; 0; Khac) Bien gia mtfc thu nhSp cua hp 2
(1: Thu nhSp d mu'c cao, 0: Thu nhap d mu'c thap) H^stf
0,0952"
-0,1297 0,2750 -0.2560 -0,6903 -0,0099 0,0007- -4,4995 • 0,4037 -0,4211 0,2290 0,0000 0,9975 0,9455 0,1831
1,0487 1.4027- -0.8983
- 1,0926 Mtfc y nghTa
thSng kS 0,036 0,177 0,272 0.414 0,332 0,795 0,052 0,072 0,278 0,525 0,253 0.986 0.117 0.291 0.800 0.320 0.077
0.805 0.404
Tac d$ng tH6n
<dy/dx) 0,0220"
-0.0299 0.0634 -0.0591 -0,1259 -0,0023 0,0002*
-0,1152' 0.0931 -0.0971 0.0528 0,0000 -0.i794'
0,2181 0,0414 0.2001 0,2594"
-0,0437 -0,1603
Mii'C f nghia thdng ke
0.031 0,209 0,262 0.413 0,226 0,797 0,072 0.085 0,253 0,521 0,257 0,986 0,061 0,260
0,793 0.269 0.038
0,806 0,240
* titmg dng vdi mdc y nghia Id 10%, 5% vd 19c
Mguon : vdo hd trd xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi va
nhdm khdng tham gia. Kd'l qua cua md hinh Probit nhtf Bdng. Cu the nhtf sau:
Kinh nghiim frong sdn xudt cua chu h^co hd so'tac ddng bidn thuan (0,0220) vd gid trj cua mffc y nghia ihd'ng kd 0,031. Di^u nay ed nghia la, nhffng chu hO cd kinh nghidm san xua't cang ldn, thi xdc sua't tham gia vao xay dffng ndng thdn mdi sd cao hdn. Thtfc td' la nhffng chu hp cd kinh nghiem san xua't eao thd hien stf hieu bie't cua chu hd ve cd sd vat cha't ha tang va cdc dieu kien ciia dia
phtfdng trong qud trinh san xuat. Do dd, Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn mdi sd ddp tfng cac hp san xud't ve cd sd vdt cha't ha tang td't hdn va giao thdng di lai dd dang hdn, dieu ndy se cai thien dang ke hieu qua san xud't va sinh kd'cho edc hd sdn xud't.
Diin lich dd't sdn xudt ndng nghiip cd tac dpng bidn thuan (0,0002) va gid tri mffc y nghia thd'ng kd Id 0,072. Dieu ndy cd nghia la nhffng ehii hd sd hffu trang trai cd didn tieh ldn hdn, thi ed kha ndng chap nhdn tham gia xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi hoac lang didn tich san xua't ndng nghiep ciia ede hp san xud't d vung nghien etfu sd tdng khd nang tham gia xay dtfng ndng thdn mdi. Thtfc te' la cdc chu hp sd hflti trang trai vdi
Economy and Forecasi Review
127
quy md ldn, thi phai dau ttf nhieu ve nguon Itfc de san xua't va dia phtfdng can cai thidn ve ed sd vat ehat ha tdng phdt trien va he thd'ng thdng tin va ihffdng mai.
Dieu ndy giup ngtfdi ndng dan cd th^ tid'p can dtfdc thi trtfdng hidn dai, nang cao ndng Itfc san xual vd dau ra hieu qua. Do dd, vide tham gia vdo xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi cd the mang lai kd't qua va hieu qua hdn cho cdc hd san xud't d dia phtfdng.
Sd luang thdnh vien trong gia dinh co bdo hiem cd tdc ddng nghich (-0,1152) vdi mtfc y nghTa thd'ng ke la 0,085. Dieu ndy cd nghta la, sd'ltfdng thanh vidn trong gia dmh cd bao hiem it, thl se tdng xdc sud't tham gia vdo xdy dtfng Chtfdng trinh nong thdn mdi cua chii hd, Thffc Id' la sff tie'p can cac chffdng innh bao hiem cd the bi anh htfdng bdi hd ihd'ng cd sd vat cha't ha tang, tid'p edn thi trtfdng vd cde trung tdm eung ca'p bao hie'm.
Thdng qua Chffdng trinh ndng thdn mdi sd giup ngffdi dan d l dang lid'p can cac chfnh sdch bao hiem thdng qua he ihd'ng ed sd vat cha't ha lang, sff tidn ldi eua giao thdng va he thd'ng thdng tin rd rang.
Tffdng Iff, Sff hdi long ve cung cdp dien cung tdc ddng nghich (-0,1794) de'n sff tham gia ciia ngtfdi dan, vdi mtfc y nghTa thd'ng ke 0,061. Thtfc Id'la ngtfdi ddn ludn mud'n tie'p can dtfdc ede he thd'ng didn hoan hao de' cd thd' phue vu san xud't va cudc sd'ng, do do, khi khdng hdi long vdi he thd'ng dien eiia dia phtfdng, thi ngtfdi ddn se ludn mong mud'n eai thidn vd'n de dd.
Chinh dieu nay da thuc day vide ngtfdi dan tham gia Chtfdng Irinh ndng thdn mdi.
Nghe nghiep ddnh bat ciia chii hd tde dpng thuan de'n vide tham gia vao Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn mdi vdi mtfe y nghia 0,038. Thtfc td' la nghe nghidp danh bdt can phai cd cd sd vdt chd't ha tang thdng tin phdt trie'n, cdc cdng eu hd trd, nhff: he thd'ng y td'va giao thdng dd cd the cai thidn mffc sd'ng eiia hd gia dinh. Do dd, nghe danh bat se cd xu hffdng Iham gia xdy dffng Chffdng trinh ndng thdn mdi nhieu hdn.
Cdc nhdn td con lgi, nhff: Trinh dp hpe vd'n ndng dan; Sd' Iffdng thanh vidn trong gia dinh; Sd' lao dpng
trong gia dinh; Gidi tinh ndng ddn; Tudi chu hd; Sd'Iffdng tap huan trong ndm; So to chtfc phi chinh phu tham gia; Sd' Itfdng tham gia cdc cudc hpp d dia phtfdng;
Didn tich nudi trong ddnh bat thuy san;
Stf hdi ldng ve tid'p can nguon ntfdc; Vay lin dung nhd ntfdc; Nghe nghidp; Mtfc thu nhap cua hd khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ke thdng qua ham hoi quy Probit, vdi cdc chi sd' y nghia thd'ng ke eua cde nhan to trdn deu vtfdt qud mtfc y nghia thd'ng ke 0,1 (10%).
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHj Dtfa vao so' lieu dtfdc Id'y tff 68 ehu hp, nghidn ctfu cung dd chi ra rang, ed 5 nhan td'irong td'ng sd' 17 nhdn to'dtfdc dtfa vdo trong md hinh Probit cd tac ddng dd'n xdc sud't ciia vide tham gia Chtfdng trinh ndng thdn mdi d xa Ldc Binh, huyen Phii Ldc, linh Thffa Thidn Hud'. Cdc nhan to' ed tdc dpng thuan, bao gom: Didn tich da'l san xual ndng nghidp; Kinh nghidm trong sdn xuat; Nghe nghiep ddnh bdt.
Hai nhan to' cd tac ddng nghich la So' Ihanh vidn trong gia dinh cd bao hiem va Sff hai long ve dien.
Dffa tren nhtfng kd'l qua nghidn ctfu, theo chung tdi, de ndng cao hidu qua stf tham gia Chffdng Irinh ndng thdn mdi Clia ngffdi dan d xd Ldc Binh, huyen Phii Lpc, tinh Thffa Thien Hue', thdi gian tdi, can tap trung truyen dat thdng tin cua Chffdng trinh ndng thdn mdi den ngffdi ndng dan sdn xud't Idu ndm; d6ng thdi thtfc hidn quy hoaeh lai didn tieh da't san xua't ndng nghidp cua tffng hd san xual.G
_ TAI L B | U THAMKHAO
1. Cue Thd'ng kd tinh Thffa Thien Hue' (2018. 2019). Tmh hinh kinh te- xd hdi cdc ndm 2018. 2019 2. Chau Minh Dtfdng (2016). Ddnh gid mffc do hdi long ciia ngUdi ddn trong qud trinh thffc hien Chuang irinh Muc tieu Qudc gia xdy dffng ndng thdn mdi d cdc xd ca bdn dgt chudn ndng thdn mdi, De tai NCKH tinh Bac Lieu
3. Nguydn Mdu Dung (2012). Stf tham gia eua ngtfdi dan trong xay dtfng ndng thdn mdi: Tong quan mot so' van de ve ly luan va thtfc tien d Vidt Nam, Tap cbi Kinh tevd Phdt triin, so' 184(2), 16-21
4. Mai Thi Huyen, Ndng HiJu Tung vd Nguydn Thi Ngpc Mai (2019). Cac nhan to' anh htfdng dd'n stf tham gia cua ngtfdi ddn trong xdy dtfng ndng thdn mdi tai huydn Viet Yen, tinh Bdc Giang.
Tgp cbi Kinh tivd Phdt triin, 268, 61-70
5. Nguydn Hoai Nam (2012). Nghiin cffu sU tham gia cua ngUdi ddn trong xdy dffng ndng ihon mdi tren dia bdn huyen QuiVo. linh Bac Ninh. Luan vdn thac sy. Vidn Ndng nghidp 1 Ha Npi
6. Dd Thi Hong Nhung (2014). Nghien cffu sff tham gia cda ngUdi ddn trong xdy dung ndng thdn mdi tgi mgt sd.xd tbudc huyen Dong Trieu tinh Qudng Ninh, Ludn van thac sy, Trtfdng Dai hpc Ndng Lam • Dai hoc Thai Nguydn
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