CAC YEU TO ANH HlTdNG DEN HQfP TAC KINH TE CUA CAC HO TRONG RUlVG SAN XUAT
TREN DIA B A N TINH YEN BAI
Chu Thi Thu Tru&ng Dgi hgc Lam nghiip
Email: thuct@vnuf.edu.vn Dinh Dire Truomg Tru&ng Dgi hoc Kinh te Quoc ddn Email: dinhductruong(Q),gmaii com
Tran Thj Thu Ha Trucmg Dgi hgc Ldm nghiip
Email: hattt@vnuf.edu vn
Ngay nhan: 30/3/2020 Ngay nhan ban siia' 29/4/2020 Ngay duyet dang; 05/7/2020
Tom tat
Su hiiu biet ve hgp tdc kinh te cua cdc hg trong rimg sdn xudt la rdt quan trgng de hu&ng t&i phdt trien cdc mo hinh kinh ti hap tdc hiin nay, mgt trong nhimg mo hinh kinh tephii hap nhdt cho quy mo sdn xudt nho, manh mim trong linh vuc nong ldm nghiep. Trong bdi bdo ndy, chiing toi dga tren mo hinh ly thuyit hdnh vi cua A. Heidenberg (2002) tiin hdnh diiu tra khdo sdt 120 hg trong rimg sdn xudt a tinh Yen Bdi. v6i 2 nhom hg tham gia hap tdc kinh te vd khong hgp tdc kinh te Kit qud cho thdy giiia 2 nhom ho. kit qud sdn xudt vd hieu qud kinh te trong trong rimg sdn xudt cua nhom hg hgp tdc kinh le tot hem. Trong cdc bien dgc lap, nhom nhdn to thugc ve ddc diem sdn xudt cua cdc ho, nhdn thuc cua ho vd nhom nhdn to thuoc vi nguon thong tin co tdc dgng khd mgnh den quyet dinh tham gia hgp tdc kinh te cua hg.
Tir khoa: Hd trdng rimg, rirng trdng san xuat, hgp tac kinh td, quyet dinh tham gia. Yen Bai.
Ma JEL: Q23.
Factors influencing economic cooperation of forest production households in Yen Bai province
Abstract-
An understanding of the economic cooperation of production forest planting households Is crucial to the development of current cooperative economic models, one of the most suitable economic models for small, fragmented production in agriculture and forestry. In this paper, we are based on the behavioral theory model of Heidenberg (2002) to conduct a sun'ey of 120 production plantations in Yen Bai province, with 2 groups of households:
participating and not participating in economic cooperation. The results show that the i-esults of production and economic performance of planted forest products of the economic cooperation participating households 'group is better than the other one. In the independent variables, the factors such as production characteristics of the households, the perception of households and the information source has a strong impact on their decision to participate in economic cooperation.
Keywords: Plantation household, production forest, economic cooperation, decision to participate. Yen Bai.
JEL code: Q23.
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1. Dat van de
Dac trung ca ban nhat ciia hoat ddng san xuat ndng lam nghiep chinb la tac dgng ciia con ngudi ldn dat dai de tao ra ciia cai vat chat. Xa bdi cang tien budc manh me vao qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, mirc dp canh Uanh trong tieu thu hang hda san xuat ra cang gay gat thi ngudi san xuat ndng nghiep cang yeu the va de bi tdn thucmg ban. De chong lai tinh canh dd, hp can dugc hgp tac, Iidn ket lai trong nhiing td chiic khac nhau nham tao nen siic manh can thiet (Nguyen Manh Dung, 2015).
Trong thuc te san xuat lam nghiep thin gian qua da xuat hien cac md hinh hgp tac va lien ket theo chudi hieu qua tai cac viing san xuat nguyen lieu gan vdi che bidn va tieu thu. Vi du Tdng cdng ty Giay Viet Nam lien ket giiia hg trdng rimg, cac td chiic trdng rimg vdi Nha may giay Bai Bang trong san xuat va tidu thu gd nguydn lieu giay. Tdng cdng ty Lam nghiep Viet Nam, lien ket giiia hp trdng rimg, cac td chiic udng rimg vdi Nha may MDF Gia Lai ve viec cung cap va tidu thu go rimg trdng.Tuy v^y, viec hgp tac kinh te cdn nhieu tdn tai lam ban che hieu qua ciia vice nang cao gia tri gia tang, thu nhap ctia cac ca nhan va thanh phan tham gia, lam giam ddng ly:c hgp tac, Iidn ket, dd la: Cac hp gia dinh, ca nhan chua dupc hpp tac vdi nhau de tao ra siic manh ve dau tu, ap dung tien bd ky thuat, td chuc san xuat tao ra san pham vdi sd lupng Idn, chat lupng cao va dn dinh eung cap theo hop dong (lien ket ngang) (Bp Ndng Ngbiep va Pbat Trien Ndng thdn, 2014).
Yen Bai la mdt tinh midn niii cd dien tich dat lam nghiep va va dien tich rimg Idn, cd y nghia rat quan trpng trong phat trien kinh td - xa hdi. La tinh cung cap gd chinh cho midn Bac Viet Nam, Tinh den 31/12/2018, dien tich dit cd rimg trdn dia ban tinh Yen Bai la 461.003,1 ha (trong do rimg san xuat 243.123,2 ha); Tren dia ban tinh Yen Bai ed 9 chu the tham gia quan ly rimg, trong dd hg gia dinh ca nhan la 110.134,6 ha, chidm 21,05% dien tich dit lam nghiep toan tinh. 6 Yen Bai, khoang 50% dien tich rung san xuat dugc quan ly bdi Uy ban xa, 42%
bdi cac hd gia dinh va 7,6% bdi cac doanh nghiep/
cdng ty lam nghiep \di phan cdn lai thudc vd cac td chuc khac (Chi cue Kiem lam tinh Yen Bai, 2018).
Muc tieu cua nghien cim nay nham tim ra cac yeu td anh hudng den quyet dinh hgp tac kinh te eiia cac hg trong rimg san xuat, tren ca sd dd cung cap cac ggi y chinb sach ciia Nha nudc nham tang cudng cac mdi hap tac kinh te cua cac hg. gdp phan nang cao
hieu qua san xult va tieu thy san pham rung tiuitg ciia ndng bg Udn dja ban tinh Yen Bai va cac tinh mien niii phia Bac.
2. Cff sff ly thuyet va thirc tien
Theo Le Xuan Ba (2003) cbo ring hgp tac kinh te la su thiet lap cac mdi quan he giiia cac chu the san xuat, kinh doanh, cd thd giiia cae doanh nghiep thudc cung linh vuc boat ddng, giiia cac ddi tac canh tranh hoac giira cac doanh nghiep cd cac boat dgng mang tinh chit bd sung, nhim tiet kiem thai gian, tiet kiem chi phi, dat hieu qua cao bon cac kha nang, md ra nhiing thi trudng moi.
Da cd rIt nhidu nghien cuu ve hgp tac kinh te ctia cac hd ndng dan. Nhiing nghien cuu nay cd thd phan chia theo 2 each tidp can ve hop tac kinh te ciia cac hp udng amg san xult ma Child & Faulkner (1998) (dan Uong Brian & cpng su, 2004) cbi ra cd 2 hinh thirc hpp tac kinh te ciia cac chii rimg,
Thu nhat, binh thirc hgp tac theo chieu dgc cdt ldi lien quan ddn 7 nhan td tidm nang ciia san xuat cin thiet cho mdt Iidn doanh lam nghiep thanh cdng:
(i) Chii sd him dit (Land - owner) ddng gdp cho dit trdng rimg trdn co sd cho thue, dua trdn ca sd chia se Igi nhuan hoac tien thud hang nam; (ii) Lao dgng (Labor) tham gia vao boat ddng lam nghiep;
(iii) Vdn (Capital) dai dien cua vdn lien doanh dugc cung d p bdi mdt hoac nhidu nha dau tu; (iv); KI thuat lam sinh (Silviculmral skills) the hien ki nang va cdng nghe Uong viec lua chpn va Udng rimg; (v) Khai thae va che bidn (Harvesting and processing) de cap den ki thuat khai thae gd, che bidn go, san pham tir gd va cac hang boa trung gian khac; (vi) Tidp thi thj Uudng (Marketing Skills) tao dieu kien thuan lgi luu thdng hang hda trong chudi; (vii) Cbinb phii (Government) cac cap thdng qua viec cung cap cac chinh sach bao dam ngudn luc, co sd ha tang, va cac can nhac cdng cd the anh hudng ddn lien doanh, Moi ddi tac cd the ddng gdp nhieu ban I yeu td san xuat. Cdt ldi cua lien doanh theo chieu dpc la mdi ddi tac trong chudi cd su khae biet va ddng mdt vai trd khac nhau,
Thu hai, hinh thirc hop tac theo chieu ngang, mdi doi tac cd thd tham gia vao mdt mang ludi vdi cac ddi tac khac Uong ITnh \uc cita hp, do dd dat dugc ndn kinh te cd tinb quy md hoac quy md lien ket.
Ddi vdi chu dit rimg, Iidn ket ngang cua cac chii rimg vdi nhau trong mpt vung nham dat dugc kich thudc ngudn Igc va cd kha nang cung cap san phim du de duy tri nganh cdng ngbi?p lam nghiep trong
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Hinh 1: Md hinh hanh vi ra quyet dinh ciia A. Heidenberg v5n dung cho quylt dinh hgp tdc kinh te cOa cac hd trong rimg san xuat
Cac tac li^c xa hoi v^ nhom - Van hda
- Van hda nhdm - Tang Idp xa hdi - Nhdm tham khao - Gia dinh
Cac tac luc tam ly - Dgng ea thiic day - Su cam nhan - Hgc van - Ban nga - Y niem
Thong tin - Ngudn Quan ly Nha nudc - Ngudn xa hdi
iiiiaii utiiig Ltn- tuiii iiaiig lua kiiuii Qua trinh quyet dinh tham gia
Cdng nhan nhu can
Nhan dang cac kha nang lua ebon
1
Danh gia cac kha nang lua chpn
I
Quyet dinh tham gia va lien quan Hanh vi sau tham gia
Cac yeu to tinh huong - Thdi gian - Dia diem -Ly do - Dieu kien
Nguon: Trdn Thi Hodng Hd (2015. 29).
khu vuc. Trong mdi lien ket ngang, cac chu dat cd dien tich nhd cung nhu khdi lugng nhd san xuat va khdng thudng xuyen so vdi toan bd khu vuc. Hon niia, han che ve tiep xiic lien lac se khd tao su tin tudng Uong cac thda thuan ngang. Do dd, ca che can thiet de cimg cap tdng hgp va giam chi phi giao dich ciia su lien ket theo chieu ngang cua cac chii sd hiiu dat d dang cdc hpp tac xa, td hgp tac.
Trdn thuc te, da xuat hien nhieu md hinh Iidn ket trdng rimg go Idn, co chimg cbi quan ly rimg ben vung, che bien san pham gd xuat khau co gia tri gia tang cao, boat dgng cd hieu qua nhu: md hinh lien ket giiia Cdng ty co phin Xult nhap khau gd Nam Dinh vdi cac hg trdng rimg tai Yen Bai, thu hut dugc 494 hp tai huyen Yen Binh tham gia, trdng dupe khoang 1.700 ha rimg. Cac doanb nghiep da hd trg ngudi Uong rirng kinh phi thuc hien cap chimg chi
quan ly rimg ben vung, cho cac hd vay vdn tir nam tbii 4 trd di de keo dai chu ky kinh doanh, san xuat gd Idn; mua gd nguyen lieu cd chiing chi cao hon tir 20-25% so vdi san pham cimg loai khdng cd chimg chi, cam ket bao tieu toan bp gd cd chting chi theo gia thi truomg. Ngudi trdng rimg dugc hudng Igi toan bd tir boat dgng trong rimg va cam ket ban toan bg gd nguydn lieu cho doanh nghiep (Thiiy Linh, 2019).
Nghiem Thi Hdng Nhung (2013) chi ra rang tinh quy md kinh te ddi vdi Udng rimg gd idn cd lgi hon vi giam dugc chi phi san xuat, Vi vay, tac gia ngu y giai phap hgp tac hoac lien doanh lien ket giiia cac hd gia dinb, cac doanh nghiep lam nghiep va cac cong ty che bien gd cd the dat dugc myc tieu nang cao hieu qua Udng rimg san xuat cua hg. Theo each nay. cac hg gia dinh c6 the nhan dugc hd trg
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Bang 1: Dia diem khao s^t va guy mo mau Ho li9p tac kinh H$ khong hgnp tac
te kinh te Tong
I 1 2 II 3 4
Huyen Yen Binh Xa Phii Thinh Xa Tan Nguyen Huy^n Tran Yen
Xa Kien Thanh Xa Viet Cucmg
25 12 13 43 19 24
35 18 17 17 11 8
60 30 30 60 30 30
Tong 120
ve ky thuat va von, tbu dugc lgi ich hi quy md san xuat Idn, va cac cdng ty chd bien gd cd thd tan dung ngudn gd gia rd tir ngudn Uong nudc ma khdng phai nhap khau.
Tren ca sd ly luan va thge tiln neu Uen, bai bao tap trung phan tich cac yeu td anh hudng ddn quyet dinh tham gia hgp tac kinh te ciia cac hd udng rimg san xuat. Si/ hgp tac kinh te ciia cac bd trdng rimg san xuat trdn dia ban tinh Yen Bai bao gdm ca hgp tac kinh te theo chieu ngang (giira cac hd vdi nhau) va hgp tac kinh td theo chieu dgc (giira hd vdi cac chii the khac trong chudi san xuat va cung iing san pham rimg trdng) (tbeo each tiep can cua Brian &
cdng su, 2004).
3. Phu'ffng phap nghien cixu 3.1. Cdch tiep can nghien cmi
Theo md hinh ly thuydt hanh vi va ra quyet dinh ciia Heidenberg (2002) (trich dan Uong Tran Thi Hoang Ha, 2015, 29) 4 nhdm nhan tac tac ddng ddn hanh vi quyet dinh tham gia hgp tac kinh te ciia cac hd trdng rimg san xuat;
- Cac tac luc xa hpi va nhdm: thupe cac ydu td kliach quan tac dgng ddn quyet dinh ciia hp nhu dan tdc, quy md gia dinh, van hda;
- Cac tac luc tam ly; thupc cac yeu td chu quan cua cac chu hg, duge phan anh bdi trinh dp hgc van, dp tudi, gidi tinh, sir hidu biet, nhan thiic;
- Thdng tin: thugc nhdm nhan td khach quan tac ddng den quydt dinh tham gia hgp tac ciia hg nhu ngudn thdng tin tir phia co quan quan ly Nha nudc, xa hdi;
- Cac ydu to tinh huong; thudc ve dieu kien san xuat va tieu thu ciia hg trdng rimg tai thdi diem nghien ciiu nhu lao ddng, dien tich rimg Udng, vi tri rimg trdng, chi phi va thu nhap tir rimg trdng.
3.2. Ngudn dii-lifu
Dii lieu dupc thu thap tir viec khao sat, dieu ua cac hp trdng rirng san xuat tai tinb Yen Bai bang phieu khao sat hg gia dinh thidt ke sin. Phieu khao sat cac hg gia dinh dupc xay dung dua tren mo hinh ly thuyet Cac cau hdi da dupc giri ddn cac nha nghien cuu Uong nganh lam nghiep d Viet Nam de nhan xet them. Cac cau hdi da dugc thu nghiem d 10 hg gia dinh d tinh Ydn Bai. Sau dd, nhdm nghien cuu chinh sira va thao luan pbidu khao sat. Cudi ciing phieu khao sat bao gdm 6 phan
Dua tren su tham van ciia can bg true thugc Chi cue Kiem lam tinh Yen Bai va Lien minh hgp tac xa tinh Yen Bai, nghien cim lua chgn 2 huyen Trln Yen va Yen Binh. Day la 2 huyen dac trung nhat ve boat ddng Udng rimg san xuat ciing nbu dang trien khai cac md hinh hgp tac, Iidn ket cho cac hp trdng rimg san xuat. Mdi huyen chpn 2 xa de tien hanh khao sat.
De dam bao y nghTa thdng ke ciia nghien cuu chiing tdi thuc hien dieu tra tdi thieu 30 hp/xa. Cupc khao sat da dugc thuc hipn vao thang 11 nam 2019, Sd lugng cac bd khao sat dupc the bipn Bang 1.
3.3. Phdn tich dir lif u
Ngbien cim ap dung phuang phap phan tich hoi quy bang md hinh Binary logit va sir dyng phan mdm SPSS de udc lugng md hinh nay.
Nghien cihi tbyc bien phep kiem dinh gia thidt ve sy bang nhau ciia hai trung binh tdng thd bing
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Hinh 2. H9P tac kinh te cua cac hd trong rimg san xuat vdi cac chu the kinh te khac tren dia ban tinh Yen Bai
Co quan nha r Cong l\ Liin nglilep
Don \ I cung ciip
\ At lir san Mini Doaiili nghiep
die bien Ngan hiuig/Td chuc Un dyng
Hp trdng rung san xuat
Tdhgp
/\
\7
Hop tac xa
Hd trdng rimg san xuat
Doanh nghiep Cdng ty che bien
Co sd che bien tai dia phuong quy md hg
J L
Hap tac trong san xuat Hi3p tac trong tieu thu
Hgp tac ngang Nguon: Tong hop nghien citu tir dieu tra, 2019.
Hgp tac dgc
each sir dung Independent Samples T Test. Nham muc dich thuc hien so sanh hai gia tri trung binh ddi vdi mdt sd chi tidu ket qua san xuat kinh doanh ciia 2 nhdm hd hgp tac va khdng hpp tac.
4. Ket qua va thao luan
4.1. Tinh hinh hgp tdc kinh te cua cdc hg trong rung sdn xudt tinh Yen Bdi
Hgp tac kinh te ciia cac bd trdng rimg san xuat tren dia ban tinh Yen Bai vdi cac chu the khac dupc the hien trong Hinh 2,
4.1.1. M6 hinh hgp tdc ngang
La hgp tac gifl'a nhumg hd Udng rimg san xuat vdi nhau trdn cimg mgt dia ban nham muc dich hd trg nhau trong boat dpng san xuat va tidu thy san pham rimg Udng. Md hinb hop tac ngang cd thd dudi 2 hinh thirc:
Mgt la to hgp tac; cac hd trdng rimg san xuat d ciing thdn cd thd lit anh em hg hang hay quen biet thudng hgp tac vdi nhau thanh lap ra quy md td hgp tac. Diing dau td hgp tac ty nguyen thudng la trudng thdn - ngudi hieu biet va nain ro tinh hinh chung ve rimg trdng san xuat tai dia phuong. Vdi myc tieu
trao ddi nhiing kinh nghiem Uong san xuat nhu kinh nghiem gay trdng, cham sdc, tia thua, giiip da nhau Uong san xuat nhu tham gia hpp tac lam dudng van chuyen, lam thuy Ipi, trao ddi cdng lao dgng, hd trg chi phi khai thae (khi tham gia hgp tac kinh te mdi hd dan trdng rimg san xuat dugc hd trg 50.000 ddng/m^), giam chi phi van chuyen, ciing tim kiem ddi tac tieu thy san pham.
Hai la hgp tac xa: md hinh quan ly hgp tac kinh te giiia cac hd trdng rung san xuat cao hon so vdi to hop tac. Tuy nhien theo ket qua khao sat trdn dia ban thi hgp tac xa trong linh vuc ve lam nghiep cdn rat ban chd. Cac hg trdng rirng san xuat tham gia va hgp tac xa nay ngoai gdp vdn kinh doanh de hudng lpi tire thi hp cd the tham gia tao ddng va cac boat dgng san xuat kinh doanh cua hpp tac xa. Nhimg chii yeu la boat ddng chd bien va tieu thy san pham cdn khau san xuat va phat tridn rimg rat ban che.
4 12 Mo hinh hgp tdc dgc
Khdu sdn xudt • Ddi vdi doanh nghiep che bien hd hop tac trong phat trien rimg dat chimg chi FSC vi du nhu cdng ty TNHH cdng nghiep Hda Phat. Cdng ty hd Up tien va tap huan ki thuat lam sinh tir trdng.
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-|,~. Ky hieu bien
Bang 2: Thong ke mo ta c^c bien cua cac hp dieu tra
Ten bien Djnh nghia bien H9HT HQ Khong HT
Mean Std Mean Std Tong N
3 Sex 4 Edu 5 Size 6 Labor 7 PPFA
9 Distance Xae suat hd
tham gia hpp tac kinh
te Tudi ehu hg
Gidi tinh Trinh dp hoc van Sd nhan khau hd Sd lao dpng
hd ' Dien tich rimg trdng san xuat cua
hg Binh quan
dien tieh rimg udng
tren 1 Id Khoang
each Nhan biet ciia hg ve HTKT
Nguon thdng tin
12 ethi 13 f.cost 14 F.income
Chi phi lam nghiep
Gia ffi I hp hpp tac kinh te; gia tri 0 hg khdng hgp
tac kinh te La sd mdi ciia
chii hp 1 = nam, 0 = nir La sd nam di hgc
ciia chu hd Sd nhan khau cua
hd Sd lao dpng ciia
hd Tong dien tich rimg trdng cua
hd Dien tich binh quan rimg trdng Uen Id ciia hg gia
dinh Khoang each tir
rimg trdng den true dudng chinh
1 = C6 biet den HTKT; 0 =_
Khdng biet den HTKT 1= Khdng dugc tiep can ngudn TT;2 = Tir ngudn Nha nudc;
3 - Tir ngudn xa hoi, 4 = Tat ca cac ngudn 1 = Dan tdc thieu
sd; 0 = Kinh Chi phi cho san xuat lam nghiep hg trong nam Thu nhap hi Thu nhap ciia hp
lam nghiep tir rimg trdng
Nam 41,10 6,46 0 > 1 0,81 0,40 Nam 10,01 2.39 Ngudi 2,47 0,78 Ngudi 4,25 1,39
Ha
tneu ddng/nam ddng/nam
50,50 9,17 0.90 0,30 7,62 1,37 4,23 1.54 2,94 1,14 6,43 4,55 L^
Ha/ld 2,82 2,26
Km 1,20 0,77
16,01 10,99
2,11
0>l 0,94 0,24 0,77 0,43
0,60 0,50 5,11 6,28 16,09 18,11 Nguon: Tdng hgp khdo sdt. 2019.
cham sdc, khai thae, mdi khai thae, hd trg kinh phi cua lam trudng theo miic khoan. .Mdi hgp tac nay chuyen gia danh gia chimg chi rirng cho cac hg trdng tap trung chu yeu cac hg thugc xa Vipt Cudng ma rimg. Sir hop tac nay phd bidn d nhirng hp trdng lam trudng Vipt Hung cd dien tich dat rimg udng rimg cua huyen Yen Binh. tren dia ban rat ldn.
Cdng ty lam nghiep; cac hg trdng rung hgp tac Ngan hang va td chiic tin dung cac hp chu yeu lien doanh lien kdt bing hinh thiic khoan lai dit rimg hgp ddng vay von uu dai vdi ngan hang Ndng nghi?p
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Bang 3: So sanh hieu qua san xuat trong rirng san xult giira nhom hp khi tham gia v^ khong tham gia hgp tac kinh t§
DVT Ho hgp tac (HT)
Hg khong hgp
tac (KHT) (HT-KHT) 1
2 3 4 5 6
Sohp
Dien tich rung ttong san xult (PPFA) Tong chi phi lam nghiep hang nam (f.cost) Thu nhap hang nam tir rung trong (F.income) Tuoi rimg khai thae Chu VI go khai thae
Ho Ha Trd/nam Trd/nam Nam
Cm
68 6,43 16,01 55,09 7,3 43,1
52 1,88 5,11 16,09 5,1 38
16'"
4,55"' 10,9*"
39"' 2,2""
5,1*"
Ngudn: Tong hpp diiu tra, 2019
(Ghi chii: ***: co su khac biet co y nghia ve gid tri trung binh cua 2 nhdm ho a mirc y nglitt trong kiem dinh Independent-samples T-test).
va ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi cho boat ddng Udng rimg vdi lai suat uu dai.
Don vi cung d p vat tu san xult; chii yeu la la cung cap cay gidng cho trdng rimg san xuat. Phan ldn cac hd hgp tac vai nhiing don vi tren dja ban xa/
huyen. Bdi vi ngudn cung sin cd va da cd nhiing tbdng tin cua ddi tac tir trudc do,
Khdu tieu thu: cac hd chii yeu hpp tac vdi cac tac nhan thu mua ciing nhu cac co sd che bien tai dia phuang. Su hgp tac nay chidm phan da vi thda thuan nhanh va gan nhu hd khdng cd nhiing thdng tin ve cac tac nhan khac ben ngoai viing.
4.2. Thong tin chung ciia cdc hg dieu tra Dac diem thdng ke ciia 120 hd phdng van dupc the hien bang 2 bao gdm 68 hd hgp tac kinh te cdn lai 52 hp khdng tham gia hpp tac kinh te trong trdng rung san xuat va tieu thy san pham.
4.3. So sdnh kit qud trdng rirng san xuat giUa 2 nhdm hg dieu tra
Hgp tac kinh td dem lai cho cac hd trong rimg san xuat nhirng kdt qua dang quan tam hon so vdi cac hd khdng tham gia hgp tac kinh te (bang 3). Vdi nhiing hd hop tac thi hg thudng keo dai chu ky khai tac rimg trung binh khoang 7,3 nam, trong khi do cac
hd khdng hop tac thi khoang trung binh 5,1 nam la hg da khai thae. Viec keo dai chu ky khai thae se gap nhidu nil ro hem doi vdi hg, Tuy nhien su hgp tae giiip cho hd udng rung quan ly rung bdn virng hem va hp da phan nao giam dugc nhiing riii ro thi trudng so vdi nhijng hd khong hgp tac,
4.4. Phdn tich cdc yeu to dnh hu&ng den hgp tdc kinh te cda cdc hg trong rimg sdn xudt tinh Yen Bdi
Ket qua kidm dinh sy phii hgp ciia md hinh ddu cho sig = 0,000 < 0,001 nen md hinh vdi 13 bien ddc lap cd y nghia thdng ke vdi do tin cay 99%.
Kdt qua tdm tat ciia md hinh 2 cdt Cox & Snell va Nagelkerke R binh phucmg gia la 0,668 va 0,896.
Didu nay chiing td md hinh lya chpn kha tdt va kdt qua md hinh Nagelkerke la tdt nhat va 13 bidn ddc lap giai thich dugc 89,6% bidn phy thudc.
Nhdm bien anh hudng Itjn nhat ddn quyet dinh tham gia hop tac kinh te ciia cac hg trdng rimg san xuat dd la: PPFA, know. mfo. Thir nhat la dien tich rimg trdng ciia cac hg (PPFA); vdi nhirng hd quy md dien tich ldn thi hg se tham gia hgp tac de giam chi phi giao dich trong san xuat va tieu thy. Thir 2 la bien nhan biet ciia hg (know): khi mirc dp nhan biet cua hg rd rang thi tang kha nang hgp tac kinh Bang 4: Kgt qua phan tich cac he so cua md hinh,
Step Step 1 Block
Model
\guon" Tong hop (tic lien khdo sal.
SS 277 thing 7/2020
Kilm dinh Chi- square 132,412 132,412 132412 2019
-59
df 13 13 13
Mirc y nghTa .000 ,000 .000
klllll IcJ'hiil trii'n
Bang 5: K^t qua torn tit cua mo hinh Step
1
-2 Log likelihood 31,804^
Cox & Snell Square ,668
R Nagelkerke Square ,896 Nguon: Tong hgp dd lieu khdo sdt, 2019.
te ciia cac hd. Vi hp hieu ro boat ddng hgp tac la gi, khi hgp tac hp dugc gi, ciing nhu la co che chia se Igi ich. Thii 3, la bien ngudn thdng tin (info): khi hd tidp can dugc nhieu ngudn thdng tin tir nhieu phia ca Nha nudc va xa hpi thi kha nang hgp tac ciia hg tang len. Cang nhieu ngudn thdng tin thi co chd hgp tae ddi vdi hg cang ro rang, cang khien hg tham gia hgp tac kinh te.
Nhdm bidn cd vi tri anh hudng thti 4, 5, 6 la cac bien; ethi, Size, F.income. Tuy nhien, bien dan tdc (ethi) khdng cd y nghia thdng ke song mtic dp anh hudng kha cao cd thd tren dia ban khao sat ciia nghien cim chu yeu la ngudi dan tdc thieu sd sinh sdng va tham gia boat dpng trdng rimg. Quy md hg/
sd nhan khau hd (Size) tang len thi quyet dmh hgp tac kinb te cua cac hp Udng rimg san xuat tang ldn.
Dieu nay cung kha phii hgp Uong tbyc te vi quy md hg ldn thi hd hgp tac de chia se nhiing thdng tin,
lpi ich giua cac thanh vidn trong gia dinh gia tang, nhim giam nhiing nii ro kbi hgp tac. Bien thu nhap hi rung Udng hang nam ciia hg (F.income) tac dgng ngugc lai vdi quyet dinb hgp tac. Thu nhap bi rung Udng cang nhieu thi kha nang hgp tac ciia hp lai giam. Vi hg ehii dgng dugc vdn Uong san xuat kinh doanh rimg trong khdng mudn rang budc vao bat cii chii the kinh te nao khac.
Nhdm anb hudng d vi tri 7, 8, 9 la cac bien:
Labor, APS va edu. Sd lao ddng cua hg (Labor) cho thay ndu vdi xac suit ban dau quyet dmh tham gia hgp tac kinh te cua cac hd la 10% va eac ydu td kbac khdng ddi thi cii tang ldn 1 lao ddng thi quyet djnh hgp tac cua hd giam 9,72%. Lao dgng la mdt trong nhirng khd khan Idn nhat ciia cac bd trong rimg san xuat. Trdng rirng ddi hdi cdng lao ddng nhieu, ma hien nay ngudn lao ddng trong gia dinh khong dap img cdng viec lam ngbiep ciia hp. Nen nhiing hp it Bang 6: Phan tich ket qua hoi quy ciia mo hinh
Ten bien
Age Sex Edu Size Labor PPFA Ste ^""S p [.T Distance
know info ethi fcost F incom
e Constan
t
He so hoi quy
-0,199 -1,245 0,673 1,493 -3,669 446,689 -1,889 0,605 4,306 1,974 1,617 -1,051 -51.436 -8.51
S.E.
0,083 1,42 0,306 0,789 1,569 213,831
0,828 0,531 2,175 0,871 1,368 0,475 24.823 5.104 Ngtton' Tong hap dir lien khdo s
So 277Ihang 7/2020
Kiem dinh Wald
5,741 0,769 4,822 3,58 5,471 4,364 5,21 1,298 3,918 5,137 1,397 4,89 4.294 2.78 dl. 2019.
.Mirc df <
nghia
1 0,017 1 0,381 1 0,028 1 0,058 1 0,019 1 0,037 1 0,022 1 0,255 1 0,048 1 0,023 1 0,237 1 0,027 1 0,038 1 0,095
6 0
Exp(B)
0,819 0,288 1,96 4,451 0,025, 9,88E+19
3 0,151
1,83 74,107
7,2 5,038 0,349 0 0
(Xac xuat ban dauPo
= 10%.) Pi ( % ) 8,34%
3,10%
17,88%
33,09%
0 , 2 8 % 100,00
%
1,65%
16,90%
89,17%
4 4 , 4 4 % 35,89%
3.73%
0,00%
0,00%
Toe dp tang giam
(%)
-1,66%
-6,90%
7,88%
23,09%
-9,72%
90,00%
- 8 , 3 5 % 6,90%
79,17%
34,44%
2 5 . 8 9 " . - 6 , 2 7 % 10.00%
10.00%
V j t r i anh hirong
12 10 9 5 7 1 8 10 2 3 4 11 6
kinlilrJ'liallm
lao dgng lai cd xu huong hgp tac so vdi cac hd cd nhieu lao ddng. Didn tich binh quan tren 1 Id rimg ciia hp (APS) tang len thi kha nang hgp tac ciia hp c6 xu huong giam va ngupc lai. Chi sd nay phan anh mirc dp tap trung va manh miin cua dat rimg trdng.
Dieu nay phu hpp trong thuc td vi khi dat rimg manh mun, chi pbi san xuat rimg trdng se tang ldn, nen cae hp cd xu hudng hgp tac de tap trung dat rimg vdi quy md Idn nham giam cbi phi Uong san xult, tang quy md san xuat. Trinh dp hpc van (Edu) cua chii hp tang len I Idp thi xae suat hp quyet dinh hop tac kinh te 7,88% vdi dieu kien cac yeu td khac khdng ddi va xac xuat ban dau 10%. Bdi vi hpc van cang cao thi miic dp hieu bidt ciia hp ve nhirng lgi ich khi tham gia hgp tac kinh te cang nhieu, cang tac dpng, khuyen khich den quyet dinh hp tham gia vao hgp tac kinh te hon.
Nhom ylu td anh hudng vi tri 10, 11, 12, la; sex va Distance, f.cost, age. Trong dd 2 bidn sex va Distance cd ciing vi tri anh hudng la thir 10 den hgp tac cua hp. Tuy nhien bien Distance khong cd y nghia thdng ke song nghien ciiu van dua bidn Distance vao. vi thuc te cho thay khoang each tir rimg trdng den tryc dudng chinh ciia cac hd cang xa thi kha nang hp tham gia hgp tac cang cao, Vi ngudn luc san xuat va tieu thy san pham rirng trong hd ban che. Chi phi san xuat lam nghiep hang nam ciia hd (f.cost) cang cao thi kha nang hgp tac ciia hp cang giam, Cudi cimg la bidn tudi (Age): Tudi cua chii hd cd vi Ui anh hudng thap nhat trong sd 13 bidn ddc lap, Tudi cang cao thi hp dan cang khdng mudn mao hiem tham gia hgp tac kinh td, hg sp riii ro, mudn an toan trong san xuat rirng trdng san xuat,
5. Ket luan va khuyen nghi 5.1. Kit lugn
Cac hd trdng rimg san xuat hgp tac kinh te vdi nhieu chu the khac nhau trong ca khau san xuat va khau tieu thy. Va ban than cac hd cung dang mo rpng md hinh hgp tac ngang vdi nhau de tien hanh san xuat theo quy md ldn nham cung cap san pham theo quy trinh quan ly rirng ben vung (FSC) kieu td hop tac va hop tac xa lam nghiep.
Hgp tac kinh ctia cac hp trong rirng san xuat dem Igi lgi ich cho ca ngudi san xuat, ngudi tieu diing, cac hp gia dinh thu mua. tieu thy, cac doanh nghiep che bien, cac td chuc tham gia lien doanh lien kdt trong qua trinh san xuat rirng trdng san \uat. Do do mudn phat trien nganh san xuat ning trdng san xuat (xuat nhap khau nguyen lieu, san pham hang hda tir
gd) nhat thidt phai tien hanh hgp tac, trong cac khau hi san xuat den khai thae va tieu thy san phim cd ngudn gdc tir rimg trdng.
Trdn ca sd kdt qua nghien cihi cho thiy cac yeu td chinh anh hudng den hgp tac kinh te ciia cac hd trdng rimg san xuat gom 13 yeu td, trong dd 10 bien cd y nghTa thdng kd thi bien dien tich rimg Udng cua hp (PPFA) tac ddng manh nhat den hop tac ciia hp vi he sd B ldn nhat day la bien thudc ve digu kien san xuat ciia hp, Tiep ddn la bien nhan biet (know) thudc vd nhdm tac luc tam ly thupc ve yeu td chii quan ciia hp ve hgp tac kinh td ciia cac hp, Bien ngudn thdng tin (info) la nhiing bien thupc vd nhom thdng tin trong hgp tac kinh te ciia cac ndng hd, Cac bien vi tri anh hudng 4,5 la cac yeu td khach quan thupc nhdm cac tac luc xa hdi va nhdm. Cac vi tri anb hudng 6, 7, 8, 10, U thupc nhdm cac yeu td tinh hudng chii yeu la cac dieu kien ngudn luc san xuat va cung img san pham rung Udng cua cac hp. Nhirng bidn cd vi tri anh hudng cudi ciing la 9, 10, 12 thudc vd nhdm cac tac lyc tam ly ciia hp gia dinh trong quyet djnh hgp tac kinh td. Trong 4 nhdm tac ddng tir md hinh ly thuyet (hinh 1) thi co ban nhdm tac ddng manh nhat ddn sy tham gia btjp tac ciia hd la nhdm thdng tin, sau do ddn cac yeu td tinh hudng, tiep la cac tac luc xa hdi va nhdm, cudi ciing cac tac lyc tam ly thupc vc yeu td chii quan ciia hd.
Tuy nhien, nghien cim mdi chi tap trung vao 4 nhdm yeu td tac ddng ddn quyet dinh tham gia hpp tac kinh te cua cac hd trdng rimg san xuat. Trong klii dd, qua trinh quyet djnh tham gia trai qua 5 giai doan tir cdng nhan nhu cau > nhan dang cac kha nang lya chpn > danh gia cac kha nang lua chpn > quyet dinh tham gia va Iidn quan > hanh vi tham gia, Nghien cuu cung chua di danh gia tac dpng ciia tirng giai doan trong qua trinh ra quydt dinh hgp tac ciia cac hd trdng rimg san xuat,
5.2. Khuyen nghi
- Can tang cudng day manh thdng tin tuyen b'uyen sau va rpng hon nua cac chuang Uinh, chinh sach ve phat Uien cac md hinh hgp tac kinh te ciia cac hd ndng dan Uong ITnh vyc san xuat va tieu thy lam nghiep hien nay. Bdi budc dau vide hop tac giiip hd trdng rirng san xuat dat dugc nhiing thanh tuu dang ke trong san xuat va cung iing san pham tren thi tnrdng vdi chat lugng cao hon, cd ca sd canh tranh tdt ban.
- Ca quan chinh quyen dia phirong ngoai viec tao dieu kien mdi trudng phap ly thuan lpi cho cac hp
Sd 277 thdng 7/2020 klllll liyiiiilliii'n
hgp tac vdi cac chu the kinh td dpc lap khac. Cdn can phai md cac lap tap huln, hpi thao... nhim nang cao nhan tbiic, trinh dp, sy hieu bidt ciia hp ve quyen Ipi va nghTa vu cua minh kbi tham gia hgp tac kinh te trong san xuat va tieu thy san pham rimg Udng ciing nhu sy can thiet hpp tac Udng rimg san xuat trong boi canh yeu cau thi trudng ve lam san ngay cang khat khe.
- Ho Up cac hp trdng rimg tham gia hgp tac kinh td bang cac md hinh hpp tac dien binh tien tien cd
hieu qua. Vi dy nbu md hinh hgp tac giira cac uy trong rimg vdi cdng ty TNHH Hda Phat uong chuoi cung img va tieu thy go rimg trdng dugc cap chimg chi FSC. Bdn canh do thiic dly eac md hinh hpp tac ngang nhu to bgp tac, hop tac xa uong san xuat lam nghiep de bi dd dly manh vai Ud ciia hd Uong boat ddng san xult va tidu thu rimg trdng san xuat. Tir dd nhan rpng cac md hinh hgp tac kinh te cd hieu qua nhim giup ngudi dan nhan thiic tim quan ugng eiia viec hop tac kinh te trong hdng rimg san xult hipn nay.
Tai lieu tham khao:
Bp Ndng Nghiep va phat triSn Nong Thon (2014), Ki hoach ddi mdi phat trien cac hinh thitc to chirc kinh te hgp tac Uong nong nghiep, ban hanh kem theo Quydt dinh s6 710/QD-BNN-KTHT, ngay 10 thang 4 nam 2014.
Brian, W.S., John, L.H. & Steven. H (2004), 'A Strategic Alliance Model for Economic Organisation of Small-Scale Forestry in Australia', Small-scale Fores! Economics. .Management and Policy, 3(1), 49-67.
Chi cue Kiem lam ttnh Yen Bai (2018), Bdo cdo ket qud thuc hien cong tdc guan ly, bdo ve vd phat tnen rung nam 2018, Yen Bai,
Le Xuan Ba (2003), 'Vlndl hen kSt kinh t^ d VietNam hien nay', Tap chi Nghien cini Kinh te, 14/2003, 8-9.
Nghiem Thi Hong Nhung (2013), "Optimal Forest Management for Carbon Sequestration. A Case Study of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mangium in Yen Bai Province, Vietnam", Published by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA)
Ugixy&nManhDQng(20l5),Hcrptdc.xdn6iigiighiep tren thegi&i-nhdn tSquan trong trong lien ketphdt trien sanxudt cm ndng ddn, truy cap lln cudi ngay 1 thdng 10 ndm 2015. tir <https://ww\v.mard.gov.vn/_CONTROLS/ESPORTAL/
PubAnPhamTTChiTiet/Servicesvc/download/L0FuUGhhbVRUL0xpc3RzL0FuUGhhbVRU/291>.
Trln Thi Hoang Ha (2015), Nghien ciiu dpng co thiic day nong dan Iham gia cac mo hinh hgp tac lien ket nghien cini dign hinh tai Hoai Diic - Ha Npi, Tap chi Kinh tS & Qudn ly, s6 86+87, 27-32.
Thiiy Linh (2019), 'Phat triln bdn vung voi mo hinh lien ket trong rirng go \an\ Bao Ddu tu online, truy cap lan cuoi ngay 28 thang 11 nam 2019, tir <https://baodauUi.vn/ dl 11840.htm]>
Sd 277 thdng 7/2020 kinli(fj'li,']|irli>j)