Tir tu-ong hanh dao cua nha nho Ngo Thi Nham
Le v a n Tan
Tom tat: Ngd Thl Nham Id mpt tdi nang Ita vg ngoai giao, chinh tti, qudn sy, van hpc. tjng da cd nhieu ddng gdp quan ttpng cho ttilu Lg - Trjnh va ttigu Tay Son.
Nhthig dac diem nay da hinh thanh ngn lo9i hinh nha nho hdnh dao trong van hpc tmng dai. Dit dng sang tdc d mdng dl tai ndo dii chiing ta diu thdy dilm ro net nhat la hinh anh mpt kg sT ludn mong muln dugc dem tam sic cua minh ra dg phgc vy nhdn ddn, phtic vy dat nudc.
Tir khoa: Ngd Thi Nhdm; nha nhp; hdnh dao; vdn hpc trung dai.
l . M t l a a u
Ngd Thi Nham (1746 - 1803), ly Hy Doto, hieu Id Dal Hien, ngudi Itog Ta Thata Oai, nay ttiudc huyen Thata Tri, ttiata phd Hd Ndi. Ong do Gidi nguyen ndm 1768, rdi ttin si Tam gidp ndm 1775, lam quan ttdi cac ttilu Le - Trjta va Tay Son. Vdi quan nipm hata ttog lita hoat, Ngd Thi Nhdm da theo dudi vd kign tti con dutag hdta dao ciia ke si trong thdi loan.
Vdi gfa 600 bai tho cdn dl lai, dng xfag dtog Id mau hita tad tao hdta dao lieu bigu, mgt tac gia vto hgc lta giai doan nta cudi thl ky XVIII ndi rigng, ciia vfa hpc trung dai Viet Nam ndi chung. Ong cd tatag ddng gdp to lta ttgn phuong dien chita trj va qufa su cho trilu Lc - Trjta, ddc bipt la Tdy Son. Dit d cuong vj bay hota cdta nao, dng diu ludn kign tri ii tutag phuc vu dto, phyc vy nude ciia mdt ngudi tri thitc chfa chita. Trong lita vyc Uio vto, Ngd Thi Nham ctag dl lai mpt khdi lugng sfag tap dd sd vdi npi dung phong phli, cd dpng, gidu gid trj, chfa thyc va gdn gui vdi ngudi dpc.
2. Con du-dug hanh dao
Thdi ki tt-ung dai, cdc tti thfa dip ttiu sd hgc cua Nho gia diu mong mudn dem tai ntog cita mita thyc hien tatog dilu tam huylt vdi trilu chita, xd tdc. Nhung ctag vi tailu li do ma khdng il tad tao da khdng ttiyc hipn dugc sg nguypn cua mita. Chfag tdi cho rdng khi tain taan cac tad tao va tatog ddng gdp ciia hg ddi vgi ljch sil can phai dugc tain taan tren tailu chilu cata khdc taau.
Ndm 1778, dng dugc cit ldm Ddc dong Kita Bdc va Thai Nguyen, rdi kita qua cdc vj tri tau Ddng cdc Hieu thu, Hto ldm vipn Hieu thdo, HiSu thi Ifag Bg Cdng. Tai Uidi dilm nay, dng dd bdt ddu ndi tting vl tdi ntog kita Sli va tho vfa ttong dam si phu Bdc Hd luc bay gid.
Trong thdi ky Iam quan duoi trutag cita chiia Trjta, Ngd Thi Nham dd tan tam tan luc, lao tdm khd tti dl cd thl lam tdt bin phta ciia mita, ctag Id tiah thdn ty taipm
' Tien sT, Hpc vi?n Khoa hpc xa hgi DT: 01238159729 Email: tanlvO
Lg Vdn Tan cua nha tao. Ong ludn quan tdm cham lo
dot sdng ciia ngudi dfa, khdng ngdn ngai bi chua that sung trita bao Uidng ttito tatog dieu ttti nghe mdt Uidy vl ttta cdta ciia taan dfa hay tatag te nan ttong gidi cdm quyen duong ttidi. Trong bdi Diiu trdn Hdi Ducmg xu linh te khdi, dng ttmg vilt:
"Rudng ddt d vtag Ddng nam Uiupc vao loat tdt tadt ttong nudc, sdng ngdi vay tau dai mu, dai lung, ddng ldy mdu mo, dit han han, lut ldi, ctag khdng phdi lo ngai... Nay ddng rupng hoang vu, bd mac khdng nhm den md tatog tato vien cai quto lai cto cii vdo sd cu til Uiu tiiul, ngudi lam mtag phdi mugn nghi mgn khdc dl lay Uidc nop td.
Cii fa tmh dau khd cua dfa chtta Id d cho dd" [1]. Nhtag ddng gdp cita Ngd Thl Nham vdi ttt each Ddc dtag Thai Nguyen da dugc long chua Trita, tuy taien giai doan sau nay, trilu chmh rdi ren bugc ong phai lata nfa vl que cua ngudi vg cd g am Lp Trach, xa Dpi Trach, ttdn Son Nam (nay Uiudc huyen Vu Thu, tita Thai Bita).
Nam 1788, Nguygn Hue ra Bdc ldn hai vd xudng leta "cdu hiln" dl phuc vy cho cdng cugc xdy dyng dal nudc. Ngd Thi Nhtoi va mdt sd thfa si Bdc Ha khdc tau Phati Huy Ich, Bill Duong Ljch, Nita Ton...
da Ito lugl ra lam quan vd ddc Id vdi tad Tay Son.
Khi ra lam qufa cho Tdy Son, Ngd Thi Nhdm da vugl qua dugc quan niem trung qufa cd phfa cd hu cua tailu taa tao. Bao lam huyet vtii trilu chita, vdi tato dfa ctia dng dd dugc lilp lyc vd g mgl tdm cao mdi.
Trong Uidi gian nay, Ngd Thi Nhdm dugc vua Quang Trung ddc biel tin dtag, Bfa day dng dugc giao giir chfa Hfa Uij lang bd Cdng, ludc Tita Phai hdu, ctag vol Vo Vdn Udc coi tdt cd cdc quan vto vd ciia tad
Le. Thfag 10 ndm 1788, Tdn SI Nghi dem 29 van quto Thata xam lugc nuta ta, Ngo Thi Nhfai ctag vdi cdc ttrtag Hta ttong dd cd Ngd Vfa So bfa tita kl lui giac. Cdng Wen quan ttgng tadt tai Uidi dilm ndy cua Ngd Thi Nhdm chita la "nudc eg Tam Diep", lui bita vl Tam Diep liic nay vira bdo tofa dugc lyc lugng, vira giir dugc chd hiem ygu chd dai qufa, lai khiln quto Thata chti quan khita djch. Kl sach ndy ciia Ngd Thi Nhdm dugc chmh vua Quang Trung het ldi khen nggi, va "nudc eg Tam Diep" dtrgc Ijch su data gid la mdt ttong tatog ygu to quan ttgng quyit dita din ttltog Igi ldy Itog ciia tad Tdy Sgn miia xuto ndm 1789. Ngd Thi Nhdm dugc ttilu Tdy Son giao thgm tailu ttgng ttdch, d cuong vj nao dng ctag hit Idng vdi cdng viec, lo cho dati cho nudc. Sau khi vua Qumg Trung mdt, ttilu chita rdi ren, ngi bg chia re, ttieu Nguyen lgn thay, cac cdng ttito ttilu Tdy Son dd bj hdm hai vd Ngd Thi Nhtoi ctog khdng phai la mpt ngoai Ip.
Ngo Thi Nhtoi kien tri con dutag hata dao ciia ke si ttong Uidi loan, dit d vi tti ndo, hofa cata ndo, dng cung ddt lgi Ich ddn tdc' ldn htog ddu. Ngd Thl Nhdm da hit Idng phyc vy ttilu dai Tay Son, vd bdng lai tti ciia mita, dng dd cd tatag ddng gdp quan ttgng ttong sy nghiep xay dung va bao vp ddt nudc. Nhung cdng hiln ciia Ngd Thi Nh|m cho trilu dai Tay Son da dugc cdc tad nghien cfa khfag djta tren taieu Hta vuc: chita ni, quto sy, ngoai giao, kita tl.
3. TIT tirtrng nhap the
Trong ttidi loan, mdt sd tad tao da an ddt (xuat ttil) dl ttil hien thdi dp vdi thdi cugc, sd khac lya chpn con dutag taap Uil de phyng sy cho dat nudc, Ngd Thi Nhtoi thudc md tip thil hai. Nhtog vfa Uig ngdn
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Tapchi Khoa hpc xd hpi Vigt Nam, so 5(102) - 2016 chi (dtog tho de ndi cht") chilm mdl phfa lta ttong sy nghiep tho ca ciia Ngd Thi Nham. Dd la chi cua mdl tao si hdta dao man myc vdi tdm long ludn hutag ttii xa tdc, tato dto. Cai chi md tac gid dd hdp Uiu dugc Hr ttr hrtag Nho gia. Ong ludn xdc djta, tdm niem vl vai ttd ty nhiem cua taa tac trudc cugc dtri. Bdt gap ttong thg Ngd Thi Nhdm hita tugng mgt con ngutri ludn ludn sdn stog xd Uito vi nghia, khdng quto ngai khd khfa gian kho: "Di ddta gidc khdng ngai li biet IduA'iec chieu an chi cdt di ttifa Ira/Tuygn bd gido hda. Id chfa phto tdi con/Xin dem dam mua ngpt dl tugi tauto cho dto miln ntii" (gua do sdng Nguyfl Dtic).
Trcng thtri gian lata nfa a que vg d xd Dpi Trach, ttin Son Nam (nay Uiupc huyen Vu Thu, lita Thdi Bita), dng ludn bin gan vtog chl, hutag tdi ngdy mai ttrgi stog, ngdy ma dng se gap ddng mita quto, dl dng lji dugc dem tdi ndng ciia mita phyc vu ttigu chita, phyc vu tafa dto. Ldi Uto viet ra nhu de dng ty dpng vicn, khich lp mita can phdi cd gdng: "Hgc hdi khdng gi khdc hoti la cd gfag/Mpt "can" bdng trdm, mudi "cfa" btog nghin/Niii Thdi, ntii Htia cao ngdt ttdi, ngn Uigm spt nirayNgya hoa, ngya luy dudi kjp mdt ttdi ctag phdi giti roi" (_Viet di "Miin Irai").
Khi dugc Uiam gia trilu chita vd dugc ttpng dyng, Ngd Thi Nhdm da vilt nhilu bdi dig nggi ca vua Quang Trung Nguyin Hup, nggi ca ttilu dai Tdy Son. Ldi Uio dugc vilt ta ddy phdn kich vdi niim tin, sy lac quan cua dng vc mpt ttidi dai mdi se dugc md ra-
"Mudn dpi rdng lugn, fag hg Ngoc Hofag/
Ctog bay bdng ra oai ttong Uiign ha/Quet quang may mil, md ra mau UiuAhiy vfag Thai duong giira ttdi tau cu" (Giti lo).
Mgt loat bai tho dugc dng vilt dl giri cho ngudi em la Hgc Tdn, gng chit rugt hay dng hp Trdn d Vto Cata, tfag qufa ttung Uiu Tran Vfa K^... va nhilu bai Uto khdc dugc vilt khi Ngd Thi Nham di sir ttg vl tir Ygn Kita din Phu Xuto tilp tyc cho Uidy ttta cam ctag tau sy ngutag md ttn ttrtag vao vto hgi mdi ctra ddt nudc: "Nhu gid miia xuto, tau mat ttdi miia ddng/Thdng cdm taau, cdn mai Idng thto di/Uy nghi nghiem chita tau cdy diic sdng KJ/Ldng da vting vtog tau cay Hing mita lanh/Rii dai, cto phai cd bac nguygn Ido/Cat mu, ludn ludn tad din tdn dng/Gfa giii taac Qufa Uiilu dudi bdng may cao tten cira khuygl/Vfag vtog chudng Thai Uiata dua dgn qufa dtiata" (Tgng quan trung Ihu Id Ky Thifn Hgu).
Tren dutag vdo Nam dl tadm chitc, dng vigt tatog vto tho lac qum, phgi phdi, tin tutag vdo trilu dai mdi sS mfag lai cho ddt nudc cdnh thai bita, cho tafa dfa dugc dm no: "Lfa ddu di miln Nam din Nghp An/Moi cata vat la mgt mgng, mgt ky quan/De cat mudn ddm chdu vl biln ca/Luy dd ngan triing, vdl tan sdng Ngdn/Ddt cd cdng hau, cdta non sdng thata td/Trdi smh hdo kipt, sao dau tita vong quanh/Dutag mai ghi tad tatog Uidn Ifag ndi lilng/
Rata rdta cdc bdc a t a htag ghi ttong sti sdch" {Tren duang Nghf An).
Qua tatog vfa tho ngdn chi, Ngo Thi Nham da thl hipn Id mdt tad tao vdi ttr ttrtag taap thl, ludn sdn stog dem cdng sfa va tai ntog cita mita dl phyc vy tato dto, phuc vy ddt nugc. Nhtog van thg ctia ong, tfig hipn cdi htag tdm tttog cua mgl ke si hata djo ttgu bilu ttong ttidi loan.
4, Tinh cam vdi que hirong dat ntxftc
Le Vdn Tdn dong gdp cho ddng Uio di sil ctia vfa hoc
•nwg dai Viet Nam cd vl ndi dmig lln nghg thuat, Khdng chi la ghi chep lai tatag gi mat ttiay tai nghe, tatag vdn Uio di sil ctia ong cung ttie hien tita cdm cua tdc gid vdi que huong dat nudc, ttong dd cd cd tatog l t o ttr nfag ttiu vl van meta ctia ddt nudc.
Mdt ttong tatog dilu dl tafa ttidy d Uig dng d mtog d l tai nay Id niim nr hao vol non sdng, to qudc mmh, vgi tatog chiln cdng oai htag ctia cha dng ttiud ttudc:
"Guom Uito cdn luu vit tten hdn da ttrtag Minh«hdi di Quy khda din ttid ttrtag Han/Sau khi phuong Nam phugng Bdc md Uidng cita aifl-Jgudi din dutag cho su Hr Yen Kita din... Dutag di tau xudt hign Hr ddm cd xanh«udng nuong tau khai khfa tit tten may bilc/Rit ddi ky qufa Id mdu ttdi mdt ddlATrong chdm kita lita d ngdi trung cyc, rue rg sao Ddu sao Thai (Doc iuang Lgng San).
Ong ldm kha tailu bai vjta cdc tafa vat Ijch su cita Trung Hoa tau Gia Cdt Lugng, Gia Nghj, Van Thien Tutag, Td Ddng Pha... dl bay id sy tdn kita' vdi nhtog bdc lign hiln xua ndi data vl tdi chi cfag tafag ddng gdp cho trilu chita. An say Idi Uitj Id tam ttr ciia dng vdi trilu chita. Id ndi long cua thi tafa ludn hutag vg qug nhd: "Rdng ngudi" hda rdi thi
"rdng thfa" hien ra/Nui da cao ngdt bgn ddng sdng, tain vao Hfa Trung/Hutag Bac Nguy, muu sdu bay taan Irto/Nudl Ddng Ngd, ndi gifa thdi ddn phong/ThI chia chfa vac khdng du sfa trata vdi ttdi xata/Ldng ndo cdn mudn din cao vdi vpi noi ldm bigc/Cay ttag cdy bach tau phdng phdl tatog ngdy nghigng lgng/
Ddng nudc thu g Hdta Dugng soi sfag long cd ttung" (Miiu Gia Cdt Vu Hdu).
Tdc gid ghi lai mdt each chto ttiuc khi chfag kien cata Uiata bita ciia xti ngudi quan tato rdi, ttiu Uidi, ngudi dfa cd cudc' song no dm, tatag vfa Uig Uil hien niim khdt khao dugc nhm Uidy chita tato dfa mita dugc ttiai bita, no dm: "Nam Nita ttic gpi la "Tieu Nam Kuih"/Nhfa vat phdn hoa day cd Uii UianhWha cfa bgn dutag mfa che mat ttdiBai la ben sdng, den tau sao sa.. Ddi Uiita tti noi cdng dutag khdng cd viec/Chta cdng miia ttgn ghi, chim oata hot ngodi hien (Ghi diiu Irdng thdy a Nam Ntnh). Lit ngudi yeu ttiign taign, Uuch thutag ngofa vg dpp ma tap hda bm cho con ngudi ndn khmig cdta Uiien noi dng di qua dgu dugc ve Iai qua tatog vto Uig dep de va ttrrn stog: "Mdt mii mdt sdng lfa luot ddn chaoA'e mii, sic nugc ttong sfag tau taau/Mdy khdi tap tafag, udi Uiu thfag tam/Sugng mdc lata leo, ntra dgm cata ba (Uiia Ihu Ihd Ihuy-in tren sdng Ly).
Hmh a t a ctia ddng sdng Tuong: "Nhin ra hd Thata Thao meta mdng bdt ngdt/
Sdilg ygn gid Itog, mat nudc phdng tau ttdi chieu*iui ttudc mdt md mg, Uidp taung con Uiay cd niii/Bln dtog xa ttt tdp, tad dutag tau khdng thdy gi" (Budi sgng lir sdng Tuang rg df).
Trong Uidi gim rong rudi di cung tau tto vg va lmi ttii lai tren ddt nudc Trung Hoa, cd nhigu luc Ngd Thi Nhdm cdm thdy Uian tam mdi met taung ngay khi co Igta ttieu vao kita dng da cd gdng, ttr khich Ig dgng vign mita vugt lgn hoto cata dl phtag sy ddt nudc. Sy tiiay d<3i cua Uidi net, khi hay, Uitiy Uid va dutag van ddm Cfag da khign dng tailu ldn bi Im. Dd Id luc de khign cho con ngudi sta ldng nfa cm, song vd, y chl- vd nghj lyc phi Ihutag
^^° ™ ^T'to da ldy ,d qudc, ldy sy tin
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Tgp chi Khoa hoc xahpi VietNam, s6 5(102) - 2016 tutag cua vua de giir vtog tita Uian, dl lam diem tua cho cudc hata ttita; "Din ddu ctag cd tion sdng phii hd/Nay lai mdi dugc tauto tham an mua mdc/Giir trtmg tin, ty tin Id beta khdi/Khdng lo gl ma khdng phfa phal lmh thdn" (Gugng benh td ndi long). Ong ty dtag vien mita khi day dm:
"Thfa hen ndy dd hiln dfag cho nudc tir bdy nay/Giong nidi ngdy dem hd quto tto phign/Xua nay ttong dau khd Uiutag smh sfag suot/ Kigng khem, Uiata dam dd la bdi thudc giir gin sfa khde" (Thugt lgi khi dm).
Tho di sir ciia Ngd Thi Nham phto chiiy dtag con ngudi dng, mdl ngudi Ifa nao ctag dau ddu vtii thdi cudc, yeu Uia thilt qug huong ddt nudc, xfa dgng trudc cdta d?p ciia thign taign. Mtog dl tdi ndy ciia dng ctag ddng gdp vao ddng chdy vta hgc tnmg dai va gdp phdn lag nen dipn mao cita mgt loai hita tad tao ttong ljch sit vto hpc.
5. Triet ly ve chfi- nhan
Chtag tdi cho rdng, cdm htag vg cai tata hay cam htag tato tto chita la dilm gSp gS Uiu vj tadt vl ba loai hita tac gid tad tao, kl cd tac gia Uiiln su ttong vto hpc tnmg dji Vipt Nam [7, tt. 11 - 18]. Vdi Ngo Thi Nhmi thi cam htog vl cai tato xult hipn ttong hdu hit cac tap tho cua dng, kg ca Uio di su, dd la Ifa ma dng hutag Idng mita lgi Uiign nhign, phigu du ctog may gid, idng dugc thata Uim sau bao lit bat qum ttirtag, cdng vto gidy Id: "Sdc Uiu, hoa vtog, mdt ngdy lata rdo/ Ddt diu djo budc ttirdc chtia ben sdng/ Tang llu cao ben mc nudc, tao tad bdng chudng/ Tren dutag sjch ddn nfag mai, tap tatog bui dep... (Di dgo ndng,} ngoi chitg ben sdng).
Trong thdi gim In nau d que vg (Thai Bita), cdm htag vl chit tato da giiip cho Uit tato gin giir dugc sy Uiata cao ciia khi ttgt ctia mdt ke si, giup dng nudi dutag
dugc chi khi dt^i ngdy cd co hgi tilp tyc dugc ra giiip dto giup nude. Mgt ldn ghe ttidm thu dutog Vto Dgng, Ngd Thi Nhdm da khdc hga dugc mgt khung cdta tiiien nhien vd cupe sdng sita hoat cfa con nguoi tiiat em d, thata bita: "Thuyin tap, gd mdi cheo boi din Vto Bdng/Mudn hgc gid mat cfag ta lam bjn/Bdi bin, chim du Uiay ddi tdi lui/Gimg thdn, cay lata ludn dua ddn/Sdu bay dng say nrgu di vl tten ciu van/Nam ban tti chto ttau Uidi sao choi ttd choi/Trong ndy cd Uiu dutag dugi bdng lieu xanh/Bgn cay den ngdi ddi dipn bfa vl Hto, Ddng" (Thgm Ihu duang Vdn Dgng).
Nhm Ifa rata rdi Ngd Thi Nhtoi dd thuat lai mong mudn ctia mita Id dugc di d to, ttata xa cdi tyc dl Idng dugc thu Uidi, Trgn thyc tl tfii vdi dng, dieu do chi Id niim mong udc va niim mgng udc ly ctag chi xuat hi$n trong mpt cdta hudng tail djta taung qua ldi tho, ta tfily cdm htog ttiiln mdn: "Noi qufa trg, lfa tafa hj bm ngdy ddng cira/Thdi xao tieu khien mdy bdi tho/Chuyen tdt lata g que tad dya vdo Uiu dua lai/Noi du lo ciia tiifa till, chi bilt bdi cd thi/Cfa tad hdu sdu tya biln, it chfa ai ttii/Cata tad qum lata tau btog, chi Idng mita hay/Mdy sgi tdc dilm Hiylt dua trdng vdi hoa mai/Bilt ngay ndo dugc budng ngya trd vl Hoa Son (Ndiy minh luc rdnh).
Cam hfag tam tto cung den vdi dng khi dfag tli Sli smg tad Thata: "Cdi dipu y cfa trdi dat ndi sao cho xilt/Mudn vjn hita hrgng rieng dpp trong dta chilu/Cho cao cfa mil mdu vfag, cho thdp mdu bilc/Phia bin trdi nugc bile, phia ben phai mdu dd/C4 lto chdu vay tau dta lfa ddu ghlnh/Chim ve td vay cata sita gid tten nggn cay/Lai cdn cd mdt y vj trong tteo hon nOa/Tilng chudng chfa vdng vdng trong rtog Uidng (Ngdm cdnh chiiu tren sgng Lf gigng).
KJiong i, lfa ph„„g ^ ^ , y . ^ ^.__ ^ ^ d, ttg Ij, trong tho dng; "TuU, ddt ngta tay cata bong ttdi djt ga ndm ndmAlfa Uiy
;- nay den Uiam Thiln d ngdi chfa lfag«oa
;; ™ ™ no ttmg chile do gidp viy vfaga.a
; ''°'''^™'<™W.dabenmtiiThilnWigcdd : iua cot tau mot giac Nam Kha/Cai tdi ttiuo : truoc Vfa cta duyen ng Tnic Idu/Luih am - " h ^ thto, Iinh tti sfag«hi mdt thofag vto
; ap Ngm, mgt Ifa „ufa uong (Cudi Ihu vdo chua tham thien).
Vdi niim cam hfag hutag vl cai tafa mmg mdu sac tiiien d nhilu khfa dofa ciia con dutag hata dao nhilu gap ghlta, budn VUI lfa lta, de hieu vl tatog vigc ldm h.ta dpng cfa Ngd Thi Nhtoi lfa cudi ddi' Ijp Thign vien Tnic lam tai gia, vilt "Tnic lim tdng chi nguyen thata", khdi xutag vile Idm chfa dl cho dto Ifag cd noi vfa canh, taap tadm nghign c t a dam djo vl Thign hgc (Ngd Thi Hofag, Vu Trita Nguyen Dfag Sd). Dilu tao nen net rigng i, Ngd Thi Nhtoi chita la vipc dng ludn dfag g diem nhin cfa mgl tao si hata dao ddy nhipt Uidta khi nhin tam Phdt giao. Ong citag td ra da Hta hpi sdu sdc nhilu vfa dl ciia djo Thiln, song Ngd Thi Nhtoi vln chua phdi Id ngudi "ngd" dugc Thiln bgi tat cd tam sfa gng dd data cho viec dto vipc nudc. Nhtog vdn tho dtoi chit Uiiln mdn cho Uily, d Ngd Thl Nhfai cd sy dm cdi gifa Ioai hita nhd tao hata djo va tad tao to ddt, ddy la ttutag hgp Uiu vj ciia vto hpc tnmg dai.
6, Ket ludo
^ Nhtog stog tdc cua Ngd Thi Nhtoi Id tim guong phdn chilu cudc doi chita tti tailu Uifag ttdm ctia dng. La mgt ngudi stag vd tham gia vdo chita sy, nen tatag tu tutag cfa Ngd Thi Nhtoi khdng ndm
Lg Vdn Tdn ngoai myc dich vi dfa, vi nufa. Tu tutag cua ong mfag ttta thdn hata ddng vd tadp Uie tteh cue, dap tog dugc ddi hdi cua xd hg. duong thdt. Ngd Thi Nhdm la mdt inrong hgp tteu bilu cfa mdu hita tad tao hata dao ttong vfa hgc ttmig dai. Dii thim taum nr ttrtag cua Nho gia tamig mdl sd smg tttc vd qum niem ciia dng vl cfac song mmg hgi hutag cfa Phat gito, tailu nha nghien cfa cho rfag d Ngd Thl Nham CO sy dmig hda gifa Nho gifa va Phat giao dteu nay md ra tatog hutag nghign cfa vl ttuong hgp Uni vj ttong lich sit ndy Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Cao Xuan Huy. Thach Can (Chii bien) (1978), Tuyin tgp Iha vdn Ngd Thi Nhdm quygn 1, Nxb Khoa hpcxd hpi, Hd Npi P l Tnin Dinh Hugu (1998), Nho gido vd vdn
hpc Vift Nam Irung cdn dgi, Nxb Qiao dyc, Hd Npi.
[3J Le Vfa Tdn (2013), r & g , d „ M „ / , „ d ) , dgi va vdn hgc trung dgl Vift Ngm, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi. Ha Npi.
[4] Le Van Tdn (2013), "Loai hinh tac gia nha nho an ddt trpng van hpc ttung dj, Vipt Nam", Tap chi Nghien cint vdn hpc sl 10 [5] Lg Vdn Tdn (2014), "Nhan dign loai hinh tac gid tata tan trong vdn hpc trang dai Vigt Nam", Tap chi Thdng tin khoa hpc xd hpi, sd 11.
•[6] Trdn Nho Thin (2003), Vdu hpc trung da, Vlfl Nan dudi gdc nhin vgn hda, Nxb Giao dyc. Ha Npi.
m Trin Ngpc Vuong (]995), Loai hinh hgc tac gia vdn hpc - nhd nho tdi ti, vd vdn hpc ''tft/fern, Nxb Gido due. Ha Npi tSJ Tran Ngpc Vuong (1998), Vdn hgc Vift
Nam dong rieng giua ngudn chung Nxb Oiao dyc. Ha Npi.