Tir THUAT VA CAI TOI TlT THUAT TRONG THO NOM HO XUAN HUONG
PHAM THI T H U A N "
Tim tdt Trong cuoc sing, con ngudi bao gid cung mong main vuan Idi su tkingkiim bdn (Adn.
Bitvdinkavdn,nhuciundylgicing mdnh Hit Sdng tdc luc nay tid thank mSt nhu du, mit fl""^ 1^ hUu kiiu cd kka nang giai thodt nhitng cdm xie bi din nen i ngudi nghe St. Vdn koc
^•"•^ •V'^ doing td mat budc dot phd monk me khuynh hudng tit tiiyin mang y6.ti tit thudt
"^'dng tde cua cde nkd van nUTu, nhiin, diu in tii thuat dd xudt him tit Idu, tiong vdn kgc '^"edgiVtit Nam vdi nhUu tde gii na. Trong dd, tiing ndi eia Hi Xudn BUdng li ddc biet hdn ci.
Bddademdinchothavantiingnoichinhminhviciat&cinkangngmphunitbiapbdc Tit khda: Ta thudt; khuynh hudng ttt thudt; Bo Xudn BUdng; tink due.
Abstract: Buman always want to experiment themselves. To a writer, this demand is even stionger. Writing becomes a need, an effective means to release compressed emotions in ike artist.
Modem lUeratiire kas experienced an innovation in autobiograpky in writings by female autkors.
However, tkis tirend stiirted since Vietimmese middle-aged Uteratiire among many female authors. Of tkese autkors. Ho Xuan Huong sti^ out as tke most influential autkor, wkose writings expressed voices of herself and oppressed women
Keywords: AuUihiography: AutobUigrapky trend; Ho Xuan Huang; Sexuality.
Ngiy nhdn bii: 30/6/2014; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 15IS 12014.
l.Tif thuat v i khuynh hfldng tU vi tily theo mii sU vific ffy mft tfte gia bifa thupt teong van hoc luto hay IJ luto dl t i rd tii tudng lftp l.l T^thudt trudng hay cfa' hudng cia mifa""". Htfu Xfit vl khfti mfm, til thuft hpc ngfaing fau cic thi loai fau: ti? truyfin hli ki, vtf ngfafin cfa phUflng difn hifa vi kl, ldi nhft ki, tilu thuytft tu tiniyfn ' diu s i kl (ht kl, thuit: kl)'» vi bto thfa t i bi dyng ytfu tff ty thuit lim phUflng thic thuft (autobiography) cflng da him chia
ba ytfu tff: auto = ty, bio = cudc ddi, graphy
= vitft Dilu niy cd nghla l i ngudi vitft tu Z '"?,.^^ Vfa hoc. Hoc vi^n Khoa h«c la hsi.
u ' 1 • i l . a,. , . * , cjnail: kgthuaii76@giijiuLcom
k e If^ t h u i t If, c u p c d o i m i n h . I s f a d a ' " GS Trfn Dloh s a trong , „ j ^ . J V < « V , Nxb. Dai K a z u y o s f a - N h i phfi b i f a V t o h o c N h a t " ^ ^ " ' " ^ " - ^ i <*«» p k i n bi^t hai khai nijm-TV B t o c h o r t o g , c i c t i c p h f a , til t h u f i t t r d 1 * ? ' ' * '^J'-^!^- -^ "ku^t h ^ nghieng vj . l . » L .•• f " * , " " P ° ^ ™ " ? t h u f t t t r o ngtaen cuu phuong di?n hfah v i k j , loi k<, con-Tusu
thinh im "tac gm ty thuit lpi cufic ddi ''»^ " s l ^ •*• <4 lui mtic tiSu; hfah vi iSi kl v4 ctu mifa mpt cich til nfafin vi trung thuc S*?.?,"^ ,.. .„. „.
„ i S ; VJCI - S - l , „ • - . • • , • „ . '"' Kazuyoahi. Nh^t Ban to tuSng eii. U p 2
mdi bffl cafa cua mpt giai dopn trong cudc <»" * ' ' ^i" Chfa vs Nguyin Vfa Tfc), Phi qiab ddi li mft chi dl xtfp thifa tilu thuyet, ? 4 3 i « | * ' "^^ '*" " ^ "^t bfa, Siu Gon, 1973,
HHiHMKnHMHOGXiHd Q]
T V T H U J L T V A C A I T O I TU THUAT...
sfag tie. Trong dd, t h i loai tfl truyfn l i the fafn rd chflc nftng tfl t h u i t hfln ca ve ndi dung l f a hinh thflc nghf t h u i t .
Trong v t o hpc, ntfu fau "tu truyfin"
dupc xem l i mdt t h i loai v t o hpe tfa t y thuftt: "li mpt phUtog t h i c s t o g t i c m i n h i v t o Iffy sy kifin tieu s i ddi t u c i a mtah lim chfft Ueu fafin thyc d l t i i fafn trong t i c phtfm"'*'. Tuy nfafin, chfag ta v t o khfing loai bd k h a n t o g ngfldi vitft cd t h i s i dyng cic phflflng t h i c t r i t i f a v i kjeh de hinh t h i f a n t o t i c pham mang t i f a ty thuft.
Thdng thfldng, kfa s i dyng ytfu ttf tfl t h u i t , cic fai v t o thflfag s i dung"
phflflng thflc t r f a t h u i t d l n h f a manh cii tdi t y thuft c i a fato v i t Trong dd, dilm nhta Ii ytfu to cfl b m cua phflflng thflc t r f a t h u f t t h i fafn vai trd khdng t h i tfatfu cua lofi fafa nghf thuft. Chifa vi xic djfa dilm nhto "li faitag cich t h i c m i mft cfiu chuyfn dupc k l dtfn - mpt hay nfalu phUflng t h i e dupe tfatft l i p bdi t i c gia bfag y nghia m i ddc gia dupe gidi tfafu vdi fatog c i tifa, dffl thoai, fatog h i f a ddng, sU s i p d i t v i faflng su kifn m i t r f a thuft ctfu t h i f a trong mpt t i c p h i m hu cffu""' m i ngudi ta d i khfag djfa vai trd khdng the tfatfu c i a nd trong sfag tpo nghf t h u i t Dilu n i y dupc t h i fafn rfi tirong faflng cfty b i t nfl kfa hp di s i u m d u ta nfi tfim c i a b f a t h f a nfl gidi.
Diy l i dfng b-fa t h u i t kha phtf bitfn trong fafag t i c phtfm mang ytfu ttf t y t h u f t
1-2. Khuynh hiibng tii thudt trong vdn hoc Trong v t o hpc, ye'u tg tii thudt xufft fafn k h i nfalu fau mfit phflong difn dfc t h i c i a Ifii vitft nfl. Vdi ttah t h f a ty p h t o ttch v i cam quan c i fafa trfldc cudc sffng, til thuft g i i p n h t o v i t - fai v t o til phfli biy, t h i n h i n , nhm lpi ddi minh. Theo cic fai nfl quytfn lufn, cai tdi c i a ngudi phu Q] HHlHlVCnWiHOCXiHtl
nfl ludn hi chfa dp va vifc tim eho dupc c m t i f a (identifi) eua minh vfla l i khd k h t o v i c t o g l i fau ctfu m i khdng dfiu t h i fafn t h u f a lfli fafl trong t y t h u i t
M i e d i , khdng d i n g faftt t y thuftt vdi t h i loai h l i k^, faitag xfit nfii dung c i a cic t i c phfai thdi ky dtfu, t i T h i f a Augustta cho dfi'n B. CeUtoe (1500 -1571- fai vfa Italia) d i u mang d t o g dtfp h l i ky. Ngfaa l i , kfa vitft t i e phtfm t y t h u f t ngudi vitft phai trung t h i n h tuyft ddi vdi faflng sy kifn xay r a trong cudc ddi c i a mifa. Ddc gia cfag sfi tta r f a g , dffy l i mfit chfa dung trung t h i f a , chifa xic, tfn djfa vdi fafag ytfu ttf ctf ktft v f a g chtfc vdi t i c gia c i a nd ngoii ddi. Vdi cich n i y , ngUdi ta gpi diy l i tu thuft theo ldi truyen thdtlg.
Theo thdi g i m , c t o g vdi sy p h i t tiriln da dang v l t h i lopi v i fafag quan mfm mdi trong s i n g t i c , t y t h u f t cung theo dd m i cd sy "thay da dd'i thjt". Ty t h u i t fafn dfi mang d i m chfft v t o hon; bdi le, nd khdng faffm dyng lfin mft c h i n dung c h i f a xftc vft trung thftnh vdi fafa a f a t i e gia trong cufc ddi thyc. V i do dd, nfi c t o g khdng dem dfin cho ddc gia ed mfit Mnh dung dtfy d i v i cff djfa v l t i c gia, m i chu yeu l i gpi lfin sy Ufin tudng, p h f a dofa, suy l u f a d ngfldi dpc. Do dfc dilm n i y , ngudi s m g t f t c c d q u y i n s i dung ytfu ttf hU cffu ii lftm chfft Ufu s t o g t i e , faim dflng lfin b i e c h t o dung fato vftt m m g dfm chfft v t o hpc.
" D5 Hai NuJi, il/iS jaon i^giiii, W i n o ^ - JS& tt^vg oo mil si dgng thdc tiJt Ihudl trong vin h,c Vttt Nam
£ t o W * l , ngufc hltp%hebinhvBnhoccom.vnft«=12602
" ' H« Khfah Vfa Tir 1* U,uye. ph* hinh i f l ^ i n nghito cuu m«l st tie p h t n vfa xuSi d U c4c tic i d i no M nam 1990 dft, nay, Lu»n vfa U . ^ ,1, Dai S c Kho. h(« x i hOi vjl Nhfa vfa, TP. HJ Chl Minh, 20K^
« M.H. Abrama, A glossary af tUerary terms (sixth edttion). Hanourt Brace Jovannovich CcjLe Puhli. 1 ™ The United Stale, of A m e r i T S . ^ ^
sil-ziit
PHAM THJ THUAN Trong qua trinh khao s i t cae sang tac
c i a cic n h i v m nfl, c h f a g tfii n h f a thay r t o g , hffu htft cic tilu thuytft t y truyfin c i a cic n h i v t o nfl d i u m m g t i f a t u t h u f t Marguerite D u i a s (1914 -1996) - nfl vfa m ngudi P h i p sinh r a v i ldn len t r t o m t o h dfft Dfing Duong da d i n h ca cupc ddi m i f a theo dutfi t h i ngfafim v t o ehflflng, Hon n i m mUfli n i m dm ffp moi t i f a "khic ctft gfa tam", nfl n h i v m vitft r a tilu thuytft Ngubi tinh b t o g ca con tim v i nudc m i t Dd l i cau chuyfn t i f a c i a chifa b i vft c h t o g cfag t i hp H u j n h tfin gpi T h i y Lfi trfin m t o h dfft Sa Dfic'".
Duras dft s i dyng Iff, tfl t h u f t d l t h u a t lpi t o t o bp CSU chuyfa vtf cufc ddi minh t i fafag vifc xay ra xung quanh gia d i f a eho d m faflng k h i t vpng tinh yfiu c h i y hdng. T h i m chl, t i c gia khfing n g m ngpi thuft lfi fatog phut giiy dfai chim trong dye vpng cuong nfaft vdi ngudi tinfa
V t a hpc Trung Qutfc cfi ca mpt ding v t a hpc Ltoglei d i tpo r a h f a g loat cac t i c phtfm mang t i f a t y t h u i t cao vdi nfalu ciy b i t n i tre 'cd xu hflfag dflng lfin c h f a dung e i a ehifa hp fau: Xufa Thy, Cilu Dm, Mifin Mifin, An Ni Bao Bm,...
V t a hpc Vift Nam t i l i u citag d i xufft fafn cie cay but nfl cd tham vpng b i y td t i m sy ddi minh fafl: Ho X u t o Hutfng, Doto Thj Dilm, B i Huyfin T h a f a Quan, Mai Am... Cd t h i ndi, d i y la " m m h dfft^
dfi cic t i c gia nfl cd cfl hfii bay td ndi long trude bao hfft cfing m i x i hfii da s f a d i n h cho ngfldi phu nfl. V t o hpc da dong h a f a v i cfag hp cfft lfin tieiig ldng thon thflc vi t i m sfl nao nitag, vi t h t o p h t o bj ap bflc.
Vdi Ngpc H t o cfing c h i a tfa dd lft t i m SU nao n l , dtfy nfldc m i t cua mot ngudi vp mfft chtfng. C i i chtft eiia a f a h f a g Nguyen Huf l i mft ton thfft l f a khfing gi bu d i p n l i ciio trieu dpi Tfiy Sdn. Rifing vdi Ngpc lii-ait
Han, dd l i mdt sy h u t hfag, tfatfu vtog, mpt ndi b f a g h o i n g , dau dfa. T i c phtfm Ai tu udn khdng cfa n h i c lfi m ^ Iflflng d u y t o gifla hai ngudi m i cdn l i n l i dau t r a m cfaeu cua mpt n f a g cdng chua khufi cic: T i cd t h f a i trd vdi cdi Bic/ Nghia tfin p h i v t o g v i e bfag dUtfng/ R i t d i y v f a g m f f a phy b e i n g / Thuyen lan chfio qutf t h u f a dfldng vu quy (...) / Neo u minh kheo chia dfii nga/ Ngfa ddi phen n i n g na ddi phen/ Eitfp n i y chua trpn c h i duydn/
Udc xto Mep k h i c ven t u y l n l i a hflflng".
Khdng cung c t o h ngd, faung t i m t r a n g c i a B i Huydn Thanh Quan n i o cd k h i c chi. Xufft t h f a tfl chtfn khufi cic, dflpc sff m f f a "flu d i i " faung trong t i n d i y ldng, b i v t o ludn t h f a , l i n g noi cfi dOn, nfii dau tui p h t o trudc bao doi t h a y am thtfm c i a tao h o i . Thfl v t o l u f a l i cai cd d l h i trflt cpn n l i ldng. Do vfy, ngUdi dpc ludn b i t gfp hinh tupng nhfin vftt trfl tinh fafin dipn trong t f a g c i u c h i vdi t i m trang:
"...Nhd nfldc dau ldng con qudc quffc/
Thuong n h i mdi fafng cai gia gia/ D f a g d i f a d f a g lai trdi non nude/ Mdt m f a h tinh rifing t a vdi ta" (Qua Beo Ngang).
Cd t h e ndi, dat trong boi c f a h dfag tho v t o "pfa nga" c i a v t o hpc Trung dpi tfa titfng ndi c i a hai b i c nfl lflu trfin l i mfit hudc chuyin minh m a n h me. Nd d i f a dffu sy r a ddi cua cai tfii b f a t h i . Tuy nfafin,
"cai Tfii" ffy fay d m g rfin xitft, dau ddn -A chitag kitfn bao sfl dtfi t h a y c i a son h i , trieu dpi, c i a b f a t h f a v i gia d i f a . Vi vfy, theo c h f a g tfii, nd d i i d i n g lpi d mflc dp danh dffu sy troi d i y c i a c i i tfii c i n h t o vdi fau ctfu trao dtfi tinh cam d l mong tim sU dong cfai.
Dtfn vdi tfa d f a v t o hpc k h i sdm v i di
ZS^'iH^:^ (La Ng^ Mai djch). Nguti ttah.
Nib. Vfa hoc v i Nha Nam fa hfah, 2007.
NHiN IWSnUfi HOC U Hfl Q
TV THU»T VA CAI TOI TU THUAT...
trfldc thfli dpi B i Huyfn T h a f a Quan k h i xa, faitag nfl si Ho X u t o Hflflng de lfi fa tUflng khfi q u t o trong idng bfn dpc. Qua ngdi bflt difiu luyfin v i t i i hoa, ngudi nfl si sffng trong thdi dpi phong kifiii vdi bao r f a g budc khftt khe da tai fafn h i e t r a f a da dang v l cufc ddi c h i f a minh v i c i a n i gidi qua faflng vfa thfl Ndm mang dfm chfft tfl t h u i t Dfiy l i mdt hudc dot phft mdi mang tfai thfli dpi trong t u tudng e i a mdt faft thfl nfl sffng trong xa hdi ma vi thtf dft s t o dftnh cho nam gidi.
Titfp dd lft cftc n i i i v t a the hfi sau faU Do Hotog Difu, Vo Thj Hao, Phfm Tfa Hofti, Df Ngto... cung b i t dau cfa, h i t vft t h i Mfn mifa trfin faflng trang sich. Dfi c t o g lft mft cftch d l hp t y soi mifa. Mpi cung bfc c i a cudc sffng, hay ndi d f a g hon l i tfl chifa cufc ddi hp, dtfu dupc bdc bfch mft cftch c h t a t h i t nhfft
2. Cfic phtftfng t h i c tif thufft t r o n g thtf Nom Ho X u i n Htftfng
2.1.TU thudt vdi vai trb li chu the D i t mtah d vj tri c h i t h i . H i Xufa Huong d i xfty dyng nfa h t a h tUflng chifa mifa trong tfte phtfm v t o hpc. Vdi phuong t h i c t r f a thuftt d ngdi t h i nhfft, thfl Ndm Ho Xufa Huflng md ra mdt hudng vftn dfng mdi so vdi tfa phftp Trung dpi d sy tu
thi fafn.
TVufc tiip bdc Id: Kfa tryc titfp bfc If, Ho Xufin Huong da hufag tdi cu t h i h o i cii tdi bfag cich s i dyng 161 t r f a t h u f t d ngdi t h i fafft Vdi ldi t r f a t h u i t n i y , b i d i s i dyng nfalu ldi xflng hd k h i c nhau. Mii cftch x t o g hd d i u g f a vdi h o t o c t o h khic faau vft t h i fafn thfti df c i a n h m vft dffi vdi ddi tuang dupc de cftp. Vi, kfa dfla y l i tff hi thuft fafp t h t o v i o sy kifn. H i Xuto Huflng dft t i i fafn cufc ddi mtoh trfin t r m g sich. 6 dfi, ngudi dpc cd t h i b i t gfp mft ehtovdung d i y d i , trpn vpn v l Q NHiN LVC KHOA HQC X i H t l
cudc ddi t i c gia; mfc d i , sy p h t o i n h n i y cfa d f a g lfi 5 vifc ta chfl khdng t f a t o ve k l fau trong cic t i c phtfm t u sy.
B i i thfl Ldm IS da p h f a i n h cufic ddi rifing c i a H i X u t o Huflng m i cflng l i cupc ddi chung cho tfft ca faflng ngudi phu nfl sdng cudc ddi l i m 18: "Ke d i p c h t o bfag kd lanh l t o g / Chfim cha c i i kifip Iffy chtfng chung!/ N i m tfa mudi hoa c h t o g hay chd/
Mdt t h t o g dfii l f a cfi c t o g khfing/ Cff dffm fa xdi, xdi lfi htfm/ Cfai b f a g l i m mufa, m u t o khdng cdng/ T h f a n i y vi bilt dufag n i y nhi/ T h i trudc thdi d i n h d v i y xong"
(Klip c/iong chung).
B i i thfl da t h u i t lfi cudc ddi l i m 16 d l y cay d f a g cua ngfldi phy nfl. Sy bfft cdng d d i y dupc t h i fafin qua sU dfii Ifp: ngfldi vp ca tfa "chftn dm, nfim ffm"; cdn t h t o p h f a ngudi vp 18 tfa "phdng khdng cfafic bdng", n i m khdng If fa Ifag. Ho Xufa Huong d i cdng nfafin phfli b i y t h a m c a f a cua kitfp chong chung " N i m tfa mudi hop chfag hay chd/ Mft t h t o g ddi l f a cd cfag khdng". Vi c h i t h f f a p h i c fad faoi ctfn dupe b m p h i t m i ngfldi vp IS phai ctf hf m i f a "eg ddm an xdi', Iim mudn "khdng cfing" fai ngudi. Qua l i dau ddn v i t i i fayc. Tufag r f a g cam p h t o l i m 16 sfi dupe hfldng e h i t duyfin t h i a c i a ngudi k h i c , faung kfa faip cufic r i i mdi n h i n ra b f a chftt xffu xa c i a chtf dfi da thd; d l r i i hffl titfc ' T h i tnlde thdi dftfa d v&y xong". C i u thfl vfla mfnh mfi vfla n g i m ngfli, vfla chua xdt hrude so p h f a vfla tha tfatft vdi cufc ddi! N i o ai falu dupc fafag dpa diy, g i m t r u f a c i a nguii lftm vp 16.
Tilp cfn b i i thfl, dfc gia d l d t o g fafn Uiffy, fafa vft ngudi vp 16 trong t i c phi'm c t o g cfa-nh l i " b t o sao" vtf cufc ddi H i X u t o HUflng - I i d i a con c i a mft ngudi vfl 18. Rtfi dtfn b i , c i hai l f a Iffy chtfng dtfu l i m lfi. Cufic sffng chung chp kfatfn cho H I
>il-2git
PHAMTHITHUAN X u t o Huong dau ddn thtft lfim "Chem cha
cfii kitfp chong chung". Cfi 18 vi viy, b i i thfl da cd sflc cong p h i manh m8 v i o chtf dp da thfi t f a bao de ddi quytfn stfng, quyen hudng h a n h p h i c c i a ngudi phu n a Du Ho X u t o Huang chua mdt l f a lfin ti&g vtf cufic ddi minh, faung qua fatog b i i thfl mang tuih t y t h u a t ngfldi dpc h i t g i p htoh bdng, cudc ddi c i a Htf X u f a Huflng tirong dd.
Giio sfl Nguyen Ldc da chi r a dtfu m t y thuft trong tho Ho X u t o Huong qua cudc tifa duyfin k h f a g trpn ven c i a b i :
"Bii tho c h i a dflng mfit y ngfaa k h i i quit s i u s i c d i n g thdi nd lpi c h i f a I i c m h ngd c i a b t o t l i t o t i c gia. N h i thfl ndi ve tilto p h t o cua ngfldi phu nfl l i m le, cung l i ndi vtf t h t o p h t o c i a c i n h t o minh. Cii chung v i c i i rifing l i mfit"'^.
Rd hfln, hai b i i thfl Khde Tong Cdc v i Khde dng phi Vinh Tubng l i minh chfag thuyet phyc cho cufic ddi l i m 18 c i a Ho Xuto Huong.
Khde Tgng Cde l i titfng khde tiln dUa ngfldi chtfng bac stf c i a Ho X u t o Huflng:
"Caitog Cdc oi! Chfag Cdc fli/ Tfatfp ben duyfin chfag cfi thtf thfii/ Ndng npc d i t dudi t i diy fad/ N g m v f a g khdng chudc dffu bfii vfiir.
Rii dtfn Khoe ing phi Vinh Tubng, mfit lfa n i a cfft lfin trong noi dau ufft nghen.
Nd nhu mdt ldi tfl t h u a t cho cufic t i n h duyfin khdng trpn ven c i a h i : "Trim n i m dng p h i Vifa Tudng di!/ C i i nfl ha sinh d i bra rii/ Chdn c h i t v t o ehflflng ba thudc dfft/ Ndm tung hdn tfa btfn phUflng trdi/ C f a e t o tpo h o i rfli d i u mfft/ Mifng t i i c t o khdn t h i t lfi roi/ Hai bay t h t o g trdi l i mffy chtfc/Trim n i m dng p h i VTnh tufag dir
Ttah ngbia vd ching gfa bd vdn ven"hai muoi bay t h f a g trdi" - hfln hai n i m cho
mdt cufc ttoh d u y t o - thdi gian q u i n g f a de t f a hfldng hUflng vj t i f a yfiu v i mft ngpt c i a hanh p h i c . Ngudi ching l t o g le r a di de Ho X u t o Hflflng mft m i f a fim gfii c f a ^ Nhung b i khdng gyc n g i . B i cflfli de n f a noi dau. Nflde m i t eua b i chay ngUflc v i o brong "Ho X u t o Hflflng d i khde v i cflai, dft khfic b f a g cUdi, da cUdi trong khfic, vi khfic m i cudi"**'.
T i c gia H o t o g H f a Y t o citag da dua r a chfag cfl t y t h u i t v l cupc t i f a d u y t o g i y dtf c i a ngudi nfl si t i i hoa: "VI cufc ddi rieng, ngoii hai bai khde chong, m i ldi 16 khdng r a thflong, khdng r a fad (K/i6c dng phi Vinh Tubng; K/idc Tgng Cdc) chfag td h i Iffy 18 hai ddi ching, faitag trfldc sau d i u chiu stf p h f a h a m fau". V i , t i e gia muffn ngudi dpc tin dfi l i sU thft: "Nhflng dilu ke trfin chie c h f a khdng phai l i chuyfin bia d f t Nd gfa fato mdt p h f a cudc ddi nfl st''"'.
Nhfl vfiy, kfa t f a falu v l cupc ddi v i thfl v f a H i X u t o HUflng, htfu fafl c h f a g t a deu thffy ro t i f a chfft phflc tfp c i a v f a d l . Tuy nfafin, vdi sy n l Iyc tim kitfm; cho dtfn nay, faflng v f a dtf co h f a v l cudc ddi v i thfl v t o Ho X u f a Huong nhin chung da cd su thtfng fafft d mpt sff d i l m cfl b m . Tuy nfafin, cfi mfit d i l u m i c h f a g tdi c m fato mpnh d d i y la, m i c d i t h i a fafa t i f a chat p h i c t a p e i a vffn dfi', faung htfu fafl cftc fai phfi b i f a , ngfafin cflu dtfu k h t o g dinh, thfl H i X u f a Hflflng p h m i n h cufc ddi thflc c i a b i . d dd, c h f a dung n h t o v i t dupe t h i fafn trong t i c phtfm
" N g u y i n Loc, Thd Hi Xuin Huang, N«b. Vfa hoc, Z.'^S^ ^J^^ "" '"*' '^eidl tha mm l^in tang Hi Xuin Huang, Nxb. H i NJi, 2004, tr.
" ° « ? ? ' ^ J " ° ^ ^- Ho»»e Hflu Yto, Phfa, Lufa, Vin hoc Vtfl Nam nm eudi thi hi XVIIl dau thik! XIX Nxb. Giao dvc 1989. tr. 108.
NHiN UfC KHOA HfCXiHll Q
TUTHUAT vAcAi T6I TU THUAT...
hofa tofa t r f a g khdp vdi mdt p h f a ddi cua cudc ddi n h i thfl.
MliOn sii vdt dd bdc Id: Mupn sy v i t de bdc Id, Ho X u t o Huflng da xac Ifp dUflc hai vfa d l l t o ve nfl gidi. Mdt l i , mfldn sfl vftt d l ndi dtfn t h t o p h t o ngudi phy nfl vft d l cao phtfm chftt c i a hp. Hai lft, thdng qua sU vftt dupc faeu ta, nhft thfl mud'n ky thic tfim tu, t i f a cam c i a m i f a . Do viy, cftch fafiu ta cfag thflc tfa muc dieh t h i lfi cfag cd y ngfaa. D i y chifa l i mdt phflflng p h i p sfag t i c m i l i u nay ly l u f a v t o hpc v t o thfldng gpi l i cdch t/idc vdt.
Dpc b i i thfl Bdnh trdi niidc, ngudi dpc de dtog fain ra dffy ehifa l i cudc ddi cua t i c gia, bdi gifla stf p h t o "ba cfam bay ntfi"
c i a efalc b i f a trdi nudc v i cudc ddi dtfy sdng gid c i a t i c gia ed fafag diem tudng dong faau: "Thto em v i a t r i n g Ipi v i a trdn/ Bay noi ba cUm vdi nudc non/ R f a n i t mic dtfu tay ke n i n / M i em vfa gifl tffm ldng son".
Bii thfl qua thuc dang mifiu ta hinh dtog b i f a ttdi nudc. B i n h dupc l i m bfag bdt nip, vo trdn t h i f a t f a g vifin. Tha t f a g chifi'c b i f a t r f a g ngfa, ndn n i vio n l i nfldc d m g sdi, ngfldi ta thffy h a f a cfam xutfng roi noi lfin trfin mftt n l i kfa hftfa v i a chta tdi. B i n h "rin" hay " n i f lft do bftn tay ngUdi n f a bfit. B i n h kfa fade chta cfag l i luc fain dufag d gifla dd t h i m lfi fau son, cdn nguyfin ven, khfing bj vd v i chay nudc.
Chic cd 16, khdng ai trong chfag ngfa dfln g i m l i t i c gia cfa dang ta ve mdt lofi b i f a m i d t o gian Ua chudng. Qua cich gidi tfafu, chfag ta cdn t h i y dudng fau t i c gia dang mutfn gdi g i m t i m tu, t i f a cam c i a mifa dtfn ngudi dpc. Vi thtf, nd cdn l i ldi bf bfch tffm ldng c i a nfl si. Stfng tiong x i hfi phong kitfn d i y r i y bfft cdng, 1 3 HHiN IVC KHOA HOC XiHOl
d f a b i bj coi l i thi'p kfim, hj coi k h i f a , re r f a g . H i X u t o Huong da p h m fag m p f a m8 lai su bfit cdng, k h i c ngfaft dd bfag chifa b m l i f a cua minh. N h i thfl mupn hinh m h efalc bfinh trdi nfldc di ndi lfin t h t o p h f a trdi ntfi c i a ngUdi phu nfl. Vi cd lfi, dd citag l i cupc ddi rifing c i a nfl si H i Xuan Huflng.
T i faitag d i n c h f a g trfin, cfi t h i thffy r i n g , yfi'u td' tfl t h u f t I i mdt phflflng difn de Ho X u i n Hflflng bpc Id m i f a . Mufln sU vftt de ki thac tftm sU, h o i n canh rifing tu dflpc xem lft fafn tUflng khft phtf hifi'n trong v i n hpc thdi T n m g dpi, fafft l i d ttfng ldp nho si. Tuy nfafin, thd d l vjfa trong thfl H i X u t o Huong h o i n t o i n khfic vdi cie nho si thdi xua. Nd t h i h i l n sy p h i cftch ddc dao c i a Bft Chfla thfl Ndm vtf mft ndi dung l f a hinh t h i e bilu hifin.
B i toftn nfii dtfn fafag difi'u cffm ky m i x i hdi phong kitfn cffm dofa. Dffi tflpng m i H i X u i n H u t o g chpn d l d l vjfa I i nhflng vft ddi t h u f a g , fad bfi. Ngdi but c i a Ho Xufin Huong cung bitfn hoft khfin ludng d l cd t h i c h u y i n tai n f a l u v f a d l trong trong cudc sffng.
2.2. Til thudt ttnh dge vd vai trd Id p/idt ngdngibi trong t/ul Ndm Hi Xudn Huang Mfc dfl If l u t o v f a hpe t h i a fafn, tu thuft lft phflflng t h i e s i n g t i c faim t i i fafn lfi hifn thuc v l cfafa cudc ddi c i a t i c gia trong t i c phtfm; tuy nfafin, theo chfag tdi, dilu n i y c t a g khdng lofi txii kha n t o g sy fafn difn c i a fafa vft ddng vai trd l i ngudi p h i t ngdn cho fatog tfl tudng c i a t i c gii. Trong dd, dilm nhto cda ngfldi k l chuyfn dypc falu fau mft ky n f a g dfc b i f t faim cai bitfn ctft truyfn t h i f a p h i t ngdn nghf t h u i t Vi, H I X u t o Huflng - n f a g thfl fatfm hoi cua tho ca Vift Nam, bfag su tinh ttf v i t i i hoa, d i dem tit-ink
PHAM THI THUAN den cho thd ca truydn thong mot tieng noi
mdi, dai dign cho gidi nO.
0 cSp do ta tha&t nay, tac gia l£y Men thuc d&i s^ng nfl gi6i lam trung tam cua tac phAm va hifdng ngoi but cua minh vko nhflng VMi d^ hien thuc de noi len than phan nfl gidi. Ho Xuan Hfldng, b ^ g sfl nem trai cua ddi minh da n6i len dfldc n6i thong kh^ cua i^fldi phu nfl t r o i ^ xa hoi phong k i & ; trong do, c6 van de ve tinh due.
Det cuA da di§n t a cai do nong say cua hanh phuc ai an: "Thip ngon den lgn th^Ty t r l n g phau/ Con co map may suot dgm thau/ Hai chan dap suot nang nang n h i c / Mot su6t dam ngang thich thich mau/
Rfing hep nho to vfla vfin ca/ Ngfin dM khufln kho cung nhfl nhau".
Ngon dgn leo 16t thfip lgn gifla dem khuya, nhflng c u i ^ du sflc gdi mflt khong gian "det Cid" migt mM, sinh dfli^ gifla dem hflm khuya khofit. 6 dky, co sU kg't hdp hki hofi gifla hfinh dfli^ vfi tfim trang cua nhan vfit. Hfinh dflng cang nhanh, manh thi ngfl&i d$t cfii^ cam tii^y hflng thii, say mg.
ilf^P fndy r6i \ai ddm ngang khien ngflcli trong cuflc cfing th^y thich thich mau. Phai chfii^, cai khimg canh Sy dang dfldc "dflt^
bfing mflt thfl tinh ygu mfi con ngflcfi ta khor^ bao gicl bie't "moi". Dfiy lfi thigidi cua nhflng dam me ngay ngSit, cua khong gian finh tfl difl khflng phai la mot khong gian v^it chfi^ cua cuoc s^Tng dbi thflcing.
Ddnh du cung lfi mot bfii thd dfldc ngdi ca bfing khat vong bay bfl'ng: "Bfln coc khen ai kh6o kh6o trong/ Ngfldi thi lgn danh, ke ngoi khong/ Trai du gfii hac khom khom c^t/ Gai uon lung ong ngiia ngCta long/ Bfln manh q u i n hong bay phap phdi/ Hai hfing chfin ngpc du6i song song".
Cdn hinh anh nfio dep hdn the! Cai tfl the "dfinh du" cua trai thanh, gai lich s4t-au
trong ngay l l hfli xuan khiSn cho ngflcli t a CO cam giac nhfl dang bay bong hofi cung cai nhip dong dfla chiM du. Ngon tfl "hoc bua" cua Bfi chua thd Nflm da biet dflUg lai d nhflng diem nhan, tao sfl Uen tflSng thu vi v^ mot cuoc chdi "danh du" khfic, 3 do chi CO "Trai du gfli hac khom khom cfit",
"Gai ufin Iflng ong nguta ngtfa long", de mac cho "bon manh qu&i hong bay phfip",
"dfii hang chan ngoc dufli song aong". Co the nfli, vdi tfii nang hiein c6, Ho Xufin Hfldng da ve len mfit bflc tranh xuSn vfla sinh dong, vfla t r a n d l y sflc sfl'ng. Dac bigt, bfii thd tofin chi svi dung tfl ngfl chi tfl the, dong tac cua ngflcfi chdi du nhifng lai CO tac dong d&i cam gific cua chung ta.
Cai cam giac &y msuih dg'n nSi nfl nhfl dang lan toa vfio tflng lan da, thfl thit cua moi ngfldi v^ mot sfl sung tUc, mot sfl thoa man 5 mflc do thinh vfldng nhfi't.
Tdt ni0c lfi m§t cflng vigc nfing ne, vfi't va cua nha nflng nhflng dfldi bfin tay tfii tinh cua nfl si ho H 6 da big'n thfinh m§t cufic "tfit nfldc" khfic d l y hflng phfin. 6 d6, cai v^t va, niem lo khfing con nfla mfi thay vfio dfl lfi khimg canh hflu tinh cua trdi nfldc menh mfing khig'n con ngflcli lfim vific cfing hfing say, mai miet, "qugn ca m$tf:
• ^ a n g cdn nfing cflc chite mua tg/ Ru chi em r a t a t nfldc khe/ Lgo deo chiSc gfiu ba gflc chum/ Lenh dgnh mfit ruong b6"n bd be/ Xi xom dfiy nfldc minh nghieng ng&a/
NhlTp nhom ben ghg'nh dit vfit ve/ Mai vi$c lfim fin qugn ca m$t/ Dang hang mfit luc da d l y phg".
Con canh nao sinh d0ng hdn canh cfl thon nfl d a r ^ gfing hg't minh de "tat nfldc":
minh nghieng ng&a, dit vdt ve. Vfi, chi trong chfic lat, nfldc da "dly phg" mftt rufing. Dfldng nhfl moi sfl cfi' ging d^u cfl ket qua tfldi^ xflng. Sau "m$t luc" "dang
NHAHUn: KHOA HOC XAHOl Q
TU THUAT V A C A I T O I T U T H I I A T hang", nfldc da t r t o trtf, lfinh ling. ChQ
"dtfy phfi" v i a d i l n t a ktft qua c i a cfing vifc, v i a dien t a sU thoa m f a c i a con ngudi d m i c dp thoa thufi, t r t o trtf. Nfan t i gfic dfi n i y , cd the ndi chi cd H i X u t o Huong mdi thffy htft dupc klia n t o g "phon thyc" c i a ngudi p h u nfl: "Dang hang mpt l i e d i dtfy phfi".
Cd the ndi, trong khdng gian v t o h o i nam quytfn ngy tirj tfa vifc tnfc tifip till lfi tifa ctoi, ndi l t o n h f a g khao k h i t fayc dye fau thfl H I Xufa HUflng l i mdt budc ddt p h i m a f a me, cfi y ngfaa ctf vfl, bfifa VUe nfl quytfn s i u s i c .
Nhu vfy, v f a hpc ehifa l i dilm tila, l i noi con ngudi ed t h i bdc Id, giay hiy, nfii ra fafag ditfu m i m i f a chfft chfla trong long. V i khdng dfiu dffu fa, b f a Ufa rifing cua e i n h t o lpi dUflc Uil fafin d i m nfit fau trong v t o hoc. Tuy nfafin, v t o hoe khfing cfa- I i c i i cd d l bfc If. Con ngudi kfa tim dtfn v t o hpc khdng cfa dfln t h u f a l i l i m voi n l i fatfm chfft c h i a trong ldng hoic cfft d l tirit nilm t i m sy bfl d i p mft sfl tfatfu thtfn n i o dd ti-ong cufc sffng, m i g i i tii c i a nd cdn vupt xa hfln thtf tfl bao ddi nay ludn hudng dfin. Dd I i g i i trj c i a cftc c h i - chdn, thiin, my. H i X u t o Huong vdi tfti nftng vft b t o linh c i a rieng m i f a da vitft rfft nfalu v l d l tfti phy nfl. D i e b i f t trong n i n v t a hoft chifa Uiffng mang d i m nfit cffm ky t i l h dye tfa titfng noi bfinh vyc ngUfli phy nfl dudi gdc dp b t o n t a g cd till xem l i mft h i f a Uiflc dff, phd quytft Uft dffi vdl faflng cffm dofa m i xa hdi pfa,ng kitfn dft ra. Dfi cffp dtfn v f a d l t m h due fau mfit fau ciu, mpt khftt vpng cua ngfldi phy nfl, chfag tfii cho rfag, H I Xufa Huong d i di toldc a d i dfi khft xa vft cfag dfi till cho rtog, b i l i ngudi md dtfu cho ntfn v t o hoc
"wng dfm s i c Ulii t i l h due.
0 3 NHiN UCKWUHpcnl HOl
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO 1. M.H. Abrams (1993), A glossary of literary terms (sixth editwn), Harcourt Brace Jovannovich College Publifaers, The Umted States of America.
_ 2. Nguyin I f a h Cfa (2009), TU thugt cua James Joyce, Tpp cfa Ngfato c f a v t o hpc, sff 9, tr.99-108.
3. Marguerite Duras (Lfi Ngpc Mai djch) (2007), Ngubi tinh, Nxb. V t o hoc v i Nha Nam fa h i n h .
4. P h f m X u t o Dp (1960), Ni odn hdo Viit Nam Suang nguyit Anh, Bd Huyin Thanh Quan, Bodn Thi Biim, Hg Xudn Huong, Nxb. Trung t i m hpe lifu S i i Gdn.
5. Nguyin V t o Hpnh, Hujifa Nhu Phflong (1999), Ly ludn vdn hgc - nhing vdn di vd suy nght, Nxb. GiSo due. H i Ndi.
6. Dftng Thafa Lfi, Hoftng Hflu'Yfin, Pham Lufn (1989), Vdn hgc Viit Nam nia eudt thdkiXVniddu thikiXlX Nxb. Giio due
7. Nguyin Ldc: Tha Hi Xudn Huang.
Nxb. V t o hpe, 1982.
8. PhUflng Lyu (chi hifin), Nguyin Nghia Trong, La Khic Hoi, Lfi Luu G i f a (2002) Av'udn i«mA<x; ( ^ i, Nxb. Dpi hpc Su pham.' 9. Isfada Kazuyosfa (bfa dich e i a Chfa Vu NguySn V i n T f a ) : Nhdt Ban tu tudng su, tdp 2. P h i qudb vy khanh dfc trich v t o h o i xufft b f a . S i i Gdn, 1973.
10. D3 HAi N i f a (2011), Mdt quan hi mia Uf truyin • lidu thuyii vd mdt sgdgng thue tif thudt trong vdn hgc Vi4t Nam duang dcti, nguon: http: //phebmhvanhoc.com.vn
n . Truong X u t o Titfu (2004), Tim hiiu the gidi tha Nim truyin tung Hg Xudn' Huang, Nxb. H i Nfi.
12. H I K h i n h V t o (2010), Ti If thuyit phi binh ni quyin nghiin eiu mdt sgtde phdm vdn xudi cua cdc tdc gid ni Viit Nam ti ndm 1990 din nay. Lufa v t o Thfc ei, Dfi hpc Khoa hpc x i hfi v i N h t o v t a , TP. H I Cfa-Mifa.
ttntit