Vu Thu Hang
Thiet ke he thdng bai tap mon Khoa hpc theo thang tiT duy Bloom
Vu Thu Hang Tnlflng Oai hoc Thu flo Ha Ngi
98 Di/dig QuSng Him, Cau Giay, Hk N6i, Vi^ Nam Email: [email protected],vn
TOM TAT: Day hgc phin hda li quan diem day hgc nhim hudng tdi cic gii iri rieng cua moi hoc sinh tren cd s3 nhdng gii tri chung ve nang lUc vi cic pham chit khac theo muc tieu giio dgc cua cap hgc. Mot trong nhdng hinh thde cda day hgc phin hda li bii tip phin bic. Viec van dung he thdng bai tip phan bic dddc thiet ke theo thang tu duy Bloom giup giio vien cd the dinh hudng hoc sinh tip trung vio phan kien thde vi kTnang trgng tim, nhung d mdc dd kho khic nhau bdi nhdng thd thich phu hop vdi tdc hgc vi phong each hoc cda tdng hoc sinh. Tren cd sd nghien cdu cac tai lieu ve bai tap theo dinh hudng phit tnen nang lUc vi chuong trinh mdn Khoa hgc d tieu hgc, tic gii da he thdng hda ddOc nhdng vin de liluan cO bin, cdt loi ve muc tieu, ndi dung, hinh thde de td do dua ra quy trinh thiet ke vi sd dung hd thong bii tap trong day hgc mon Khoa hgc.
T D KHOA: Day hpc phan hoa; bai tap phan bac; thang tir duy Bloom; mon Khoa hoc; tteu hpc.
-> Nh@n bai 14/8/2019 •> Nhan ket qua phan bien vS chlnh s^a 17/9/2019 • • Duyet dang 25/10/2019.
1. Dat van de
Hien nay, trong xu the doi mot va hpi nhap the giai, nen gtao due (GD) nuac ta dang co nhiing chuyen bien quan frong. Sir thay doi chuang trinh GD pho thong tong the, muc tieu GD tifeu hpc "gitip hpc sinh (HS) hinh thanh va phat trien nhiing yeu to can ban dat nen mong cho sy phat trien hai hoa ve the chat va tinh than, pham chat va nang lire" dap ling muc tieu dao tao tnrac yeu cau nang cao chat lirpng GD trong thoi k\ cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa.
Theo tac gia Jerome Bruner, khi nhu cau va hiing thu hpc tap Clia HS duoc khai thae, kha nang tu hpc va tinh chii dpng ctia HS se duac phat trien. HS se hpc tot va hieu qua hon khi nhiem vu dua ra phit hap vai eae em, khong qua de hoae qua kho. Vi vay, ngoai viec van dung cac phuang phap day hpc tich cue trong day hpc thi viec thiet ke he thong bai tap trong cac mon hpc d tieu hpc noi chung va mon Khoa hoc lap 4 noi rieng dupe coi nhu mpt ki thuat day hpc nham khoi day, ren luyen va phat trien kha nang dpc lap, tu chii, nang dpng, sang tao cho HS ngay trong qua trinh hpc tap a nha truang.
2. Noi dung n g h i e n cuTu 2.1. Bai tap la gi?
Theo "Tli diln Ti6ng Viet" [1, tr.33] do Hoang Phe chii bien, khai niem bai tap (BT) co nghia la "Bdi ra eho HS ldm
^e van diing nhieng diiu da hgc". Quan niem tren chi dan thuan giai thich vg nghia ciia khai niem BT chii chua lam ro ban chit cua khai niem "BT".
Tac gia Nguyin Ngpc Quang xem xet khai niem BT trong moi quan h? vai chil the nhan thtic - nguoi giai BT; BT tra thanh d6i tupng hoat dpng cua mot chii the khi BT do lam nay sinh a nguai nao do nhu ciiu chon va giai quyet no [2,
tr.30].
Tac gia Thai Duy Tuyen cho rang: BT la mot he thong tin xae dinh bao gom hai tap hpp gan bo chat che va tac dpng qua lai voi nhau do la: {\) Nhung diiu hen: Tiic la tap hop nhung dau hieu xuat phat, dien ta trang thai ban dau cita BT (cai da cho - gia thiet), tii do tim ra phep giai; (2) Nhung yeu cdu: La trang thai mong muon dat tdi (cai phai tim).
Hai tap hpp nay tao thitnh BT, nhung chung lai khong phu hpp vat nhau, tham chi mau thuan nhau, tir do xuat hien nhu cdu giai quyet de bifin d6i sir khong phii hop hay mau thuan giira chiing [3, tr.224].
Tac gia Phan Trgng Ngp [4, tr.310] quan niem: "BT bao gdm cdc hogt ddng ciia hge viin dugc thuc hiin theo yiu cdu cua gido vien (GV), hu&ng din viic eimg cd nhieng tn thirc, kl ndng, phuang phdp hdnh dgng dd hgc". Tac gia da dua ra mot so hinh thuc BT th6ng dung duae sir dung trong day hpc nhu: Dpc bai giang hoae tai lieu khac, chuan bi bai, chuSn bi de euong on tap, hpc theo de euang on tap, on tap thuang xuyen thong qua cac loai bai kiem tra. Nhu vay, khai niem BT a day dupc hieu kha rpng, no co the la cau hoi, BT li thuygt, thuc hanh, mot nhiem vu hpc tap don gian GV de ra cho HS.
Tren co so cac quan mem tren, theo ehung toi: BTld mdt dgng nhiim vu hge tap do GV dgt ra cho HS, trin ca so nhimg thdng lin dd biit, HS phdi tu duy, tim ra edeh gidt quyit nhdm ITnh hdi ngi dung hgc tap. ren luyen kT ndng, dgt dugc muc tiiu bdi hoc, mdn hgc di ra.
cku tnic Clia mpt BT bao g6m cac ygu ta ca ban sau: (1) Nhimg diiu Men (Dir kien): Day la tap hgp nhting thong tin da eho (cai da biSt) Iam co sa giup nguai hpc tim moi lien he vdi cai phai tim nhSm giai quyet eae nhiem vu hpc tap;
(2) Nhieng yiu edu. Cai phai tim, no chira dung mau thuin
So 22 thang 10/2019 79
NGHIEN C L T U L I L U A N
giua hieu biet n-i thiic mon hpc ciia ngudi hpc va yeu clu phai dat dupe. Thuc hien eae yeu cku nay, doi hoi ngudi hpc phai CO nhu cau nhan thtic, tich cue tu duy, tim toi nhiing con dudng giai quyet cac nhiem vu hpc tap.
Moi mon hpc cd nhting BT dac tnmg, vi vay eae loai BT rat da dang. Giai BT lit qua trinh ngudi hpc van dung nhiing hieu biet tri thtie ciia mon hpc, eae thao tac tri tue dk giai quyet cac nhiem vu hpc tap nham dua HS dSn mpt su nhan thirc mdi, hay sir van dung thanh thuc eae kT nang.
2.2. Bai tap phan bac trong day hoc phan boa
Co nhieu each thtic trong day hpc phan hoa nham dap ting nhu cau cua tat ca HS va mot trong so do la BT phan bac (BTPB) (Tiered Assignments). Theo Lewis va Batts (2005),
"BTPB la bai tap dupc thiet ke tai cac cap dp phiie tap khac nhau dua theo mtie dp san sang cita HS" [5].
Tuong tu, Johnson, A. (2001) cho rang, mpt "BTPB hoae hoat dpng phan bac ta noi HS thao tac hoae thuc hanh ciing mpt khai niem hoae kT nang; tuy nhien, cac em lai lam d cac cap dp phiic tap va tinh te khac nhau" [6]. Ca hai dinh nghia tren dgu quan trpng bdi vi chiing nhan manh vao nhiing diem khac nhau: Lewis va Batts tap trung vao miic dp san sang eua HS trong khi Johnson tap trung vao cap dp phiic tap khac nhau,
Trong khi dd, Heacox, D. (2002) dinh nghTa nhu sau.
"BTPB la nhiTDg nhiem vu va du an hpc tap dupc phan hda - lit cai dupc GV phdt trien dua tren nhirng dieu tra phan tich vg nhu cku ctia HS. Khi GV sii dung BTPB vdi nhiing nhom hpc tap linh hoat la GV dang giao nhimg bai tap cu the cho cac nhdm HS cu the. Vdi mdi nhdm, GV se quygt dinh cac HS se lam viec dpc lap, lam viec vdi mpt HS khac hay hpp tac vdi nhau trong nhdm hpc tap. Gidng nhu cac nhdm linh hoat, BTPB nham cung eSp mpt phuang phap day hpc phii hpp hon giira HS va nhu cku ca nhan ciia cae em" [7].
Theo Kingore, B (2006): "BTPB giSng nhu mot cai cku thang cung cap eho HS each thiic de vao dupc mot ngoi nha ldn - ngoi nha hpc tap" [8]. Ong ciing dua ra mpt vai chi dan de phan bac la can: "(1) Bao dam rang thanh vien Clia cac nhom phai duac sap xgp linh hoat; (2) Phai du kiln vg so bac phii hpp nhat vdi hoat dpng day hpc; (3) Nhan ra ring su phiic tap chi la tuong doi; (4) Thiic day tu duy bae cao trong mdi bac; (5) Can GV hd trp HS d moi bae" [8].
Til cac quan digm ve BTPB da neu tren, chung tdi thay rang, tuy cac nha nghien cim da sir dung nhiing each dien dat khae nhau ve BTPB nhung nhin chung, trong quan diem cua cae tac gia van ndi len mpt so dac diem chung ve BTPB nhu sau:
- Thii nhSt, BTPB phai dupe xay dung dua tren muc tieu rd rang vii ndi dung cu the. Dieu niiy dong nghia vdi viee GV phai n5m dupe luc hpc ciia hge cua HS va hudng dan HS dat dupc mirc kien thirc ehuan, sau do mdi den cae kign thirc nang cao, chuyen sau va md rpng.
- Thii hai, BTPB phai eo sir ket hpp giira danh gia va kigm tra song song trong qua trinh hpc.
- Thii ba, BTPB phai eung ckp ca hpi cho HS hpc chuyen
80 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO 0\}C VIET NAM
sau va md rpng kign thiic (ddi vdi nhung HS da nam vung kien thirc ca ban). , , - Thii tu, BTPB cho phep HS bit dku tir nkn tang ma cac em CO (ngn kign thirc nay cd the rkt khac nhau d timg HS) va phat trign dgn miic tdi da phii hop vdi kha nang eua minh.
- Thii: nam, BTPB tao ra nhiing thanh cong nhat dinh cho HS, tir dd tao dpng lue eho qua trinh hpc tap phat trign va thanh eong Bai tap mirc dp co ban, khign kha nang thanh cdng cua HS rit cao. Khi hoan thanh tdt bai tap va dat dupc lupng kign thtrc nhit dinh, HS se cam thiy co dpng luc hon trong viee chinh phuc nhung kign thtic khd hem.
2 . 3 . Thiet ke be thdng bai tap man Kboa hpc I6p 4 theo thang t u duy Bloom
Trong thuc tg, BTPB cd thg su dung linh hoat trong su6t qua trinh day hpc tuy theo muc dich ctia GV: Kiem tra bai cii, hinh thanh kidn thirc mdi, thuc hitnh luyen tap, kigm tra dinh ki... Do do, viec van dung thang tu duy Bloom trong viee thiet ke BTPB d cac mtic do khac nhau nham phat huy nang lue cao nhat ciia moi ca nhan theo quan digm cita Lev Vygotsky (1896 - 1934) "Dgy hgc dugc coi Id tdt nhdt niu nd di tru&c suphdt trien vd keo theo suphdt triin ".
2.3.1. Thang ta duy Bloom
Trong llnh vuc nhan thiic, vao nam 1956, BenjaminBloom (1913 - 1999) - nha tam h' hpc GD MT chuygn nghign ciiu vg linh vuc nhan thiic gan vdi GD da viet cuon "Phdn logi tu duy theo nhieng muc tieu GD/Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain)". Trong do, dng mo ta 6 mirc do eiia tu duy va duac sap xep tir don gian nhat, tire la nhd lai kign thtic, den phtic tap nhat [9].
Tuy nhign, nhan thay thang phan ioai tren chua that hoitn chinh, viio giiia thap nien 1990, Lorin Anderson - mfit hpc trd Clia Bloom - da ciing mgt so cpng su de xuat dieu ehinh thanh thang Bloom Mdi (Bloom s Revised Taxonomy). Dinh luong qua trinh nhan thtic trong phien ban phan loai tir duy ciia Bloom eung giong nhu ban gdc d6u ed 6 kl nang [10].
(1) Nhd (Remembering): Bao gdm nhan bigt va h6i tudng nhirng thong tin co lien quan dgn "tri nhd dai han".
Khi GV yen ciu HS neu, liet ke, xae dinh, dat ten la dang gpi len dang tu duy nay d cac em.
(2) Hieu (Understanding): La kha nang diln dat lai bing ngon ngit cua rieng minh nhiing tai lieu GD nhu nhung biti dpc va nhirng ldi giai thich ciia GV.
(3) Van dung (Application): Mtrc do nay ygu ciu HS sii dung nhiing kien thuc vira hoc. Khi HS thigt lap, thuc hien, tao dung, mo phdng... sii dung hieu bilt ciia minh,'cac em dang tu duy d mirc van dung.
Ba trinh do nay dugc xSp vao hang trinh do nhan thiic va tu duy thap, thudc loai ea ban.
(4) Phan tich -Tfing horp (Analysis - (Synthesis)- Cae tir khoa chinh de kiem tra trinh dp nhan thirc 6 tin "• "
co: Ket hgp cac phan tir cd quan he thanh m^t .^ , ;
^oi tPns the soan thao mot chuang tnnh (am nhae, van hnc .u- '
• ' irii ca, dign
rfiti§
VQ Thu HSngtoan...), thigt kk, lap gia thuygt, he thong hoa...
(5) ©anh gia (Evolution): Danh gia nghia la djnh ro gia tri hay tinh hihi ich cua cai gi dd dua tren mpt tap hop cac tieu chuan.
CJ ting nay, ngudi hpc phai co kha nang dua ra nbiing nhan xet, danh gia, phe binh (tinh hudng, tac pham...), dua ra nhiing dg nghi, tign doan, chting minh va lap luan dua tren nhimg dii kien cu the da duac phan tich va tong hop d hai ting dudi.
(6) Sang tao (Creating): KT nang nay lien quan den viec tao ra ciii mdi tii nhimg cai da biet. De hoan thanh cdng viec sang tao nay, ngudi hpc phai nghT ra "cdi m&i", lap ke hoach vit thuc hien.
Theo bang phan loai tu duy nay, moi cap do kien thiie cd thg tuong duang vdi m6i cap dp cua qua trinh nhan thtic.
Vi vay, mgt HS cd thg nhd dupe nhirng kien thirc ve su kien hoae nhiing kien thuc tien trinh, hieu dupe nhimg kien thiic khai niem hoae sigu nhan thiic, Ngudi hpc cung cd the phan tich nhimg kien thtic sigu nhan thue hoae nhiing kien thtic su kien. Theo Anderson vit nhiing cpng su: "Hgc tap co y nghia cung cdp cho HS kien thiec vd qua trinh nhgn thiec md cdc em cdn digidi quyit dugc vdn di" [10].
6 mtic dp CLia thang tu duy Bloom cung co su tuang dong vdi 4 muc dp trong Thong tu 22: Miic 1: Nhan biet; Miic 2:
Higu; Miic 3: Van dung; Mtic 4: Van dung sang tao (tuang ting vdi Phan tich - tdng hgp; Danh gia va Sang t^o).
2.3.2. Quy trinh thiet ke bai tap theo thang tiT duy Bloom Budc I: Phan hoa myc tieu bai hoc. Muc dieh eiia viec day hpc khdng chi dimg lai d viec cung cap tri thtic cho HS ma con phai trang bi eho HS nhiing nang luc dS tiep can va thu nap nhimg kign thiic do nhu the nao. Trong GD, thang tu duy Bloom ciing la cong cu nen tang dg xiiy dtmg va sap xep cac muc tieu GD.
B^c 2: Phan tich nhu cau hoc tap cua HS. De thiet ke thiinh cong ve BTPB, GV can hieu sau sac ve ddi tupng HS trong Idp hgc, khdng nhimg nam ehae eae thong tin hen quan den HS nhu: Nang lgc nhan thiic, tri tue, phong each hpc tap, tmh cam, y ehi hpc tap, nhiing mong mudn ve thanh tich hpe tap... Cac thong tin day du ctia mdi ca nhan HS se giiip GV xay dung va td ehiic thue hien BTPB mpt each hieu quit cao trong viec cung co npi dung kign thiie va phat huy eae nang luc khac cho HS trong qua trinh hoat dong. Trudc khi thigt ke he thdng bai tap cho mdt biti hpe, mpt chuang hpc, GV can dac biet quan tam nhirng van de sau: HS da biet nhirng gi va lam dupc gi lign quan den bai hpc nay? HS can hgc dupc nhiing gi tir bai hge nay? Vdi dang bai nay, HS thich nhimg hoat dpng hpc tap nao? HS se gap nhirng kho khan gi, hay mac loi d nhiing chd nito trong bai hoc nay? HS eo nhiing thuan lpi gi khi hpc biti nay? HS se thich dieu gi d bai hpc nay? HS se khong thich gi d bai hoc nay?
Birdc 3: XSy dyng h^ thing bai tap theo thang tu- duy Bloom, GV cin thuc hien cac thao tac sau: Xae dinh nhiing
gi GV se phan bac (theo npi dung, qua trinh hay san phim);
Xae dinh each GV se tao lap nhom (theo miic dp sin sang, miic dp hiing thii hay phong each hpc tap); Xae dinh sd bae can thigt (dtja tren eae HS trong ldp); Chgn eae phuong phap danh gia ma GV mu6n su dung cho m6i bac.
Khi thigt kg mdt BTPB, GV cin luu y: Diu tien, GV cd the tao ra mpt nhiem vu mpt bac, sau do digu chinh tang hoae giam cho cac bae khac. Sau dd, GV co thg digu ehinh:
Miie dp phtic tap - Dp phiic tap tir thip dgn eao; Mirc dd phu thuge - Tir mot bien sd den nhigu bien so; Hpc lieu duac sir dung - Tir miic dp ca ban dgn mtie do dg thu thach;
Hinh thiie bigu hien - Tu hinh thiic quen thuge dgn hinh thirc mdi la.
Budc 4: Kiem tra, danh gia. Sau khi xay dung he thdng BT, GV CO the tham khao y kign cua dong nghigp trong viec kiem tra lai cac mirc dp nhan thue trong thang tu duy vdi BT tuang img. Va dg danh gia san pham khach quan nhat chinh la thdng qua viec img dung trong qua trinh day hpc trgn doi tuong HS.
Birdc 5: Phan hoi va dieu chinh. Ket quit ciia HS la su phan hoi khach quan nhat dg GV tigp tuc digu chinh cac phuang phap phii hcrp trong qua trinh day hpc nham muc dich dat duge nhimg mue tigu de ra.
2.3.3. Van dung trong vigc thiet ke bai tap mon Khoa hgc ldp 4 a. Thiet keBT luyin tap:
Bai 65: Quan h | thuc an trong tu- nhiSn
Cau 1: Dien vao chd trong tir/eum tir thich hap sau vao chd chim: (ehdt khodng, thiec dn, chdt dinh dudng, khi cdc- bd-nic, nuac, mdi quan hi, yiu td vo sinh).
M
Cac loai cay da ditng nudc, cae chit khoang, khi cac-bo- nfc, anh sang tao thanh cac
nuoi cay.
Cac chit nhu nudc, khi cac-bo-nic, anh sang, chit khoang dupc gpi la (cac chat CO san trong ty nhien).
Cac sinh vat CO ve dinh dudng trong tu nhien.
Cau 2: Dign diu X tuong iing vao cac d Diing/Sai trong bang sau. Ngu sai, giai thich d ept Chu thich.
S622thang10/2019 81
i b i . 1 C.,.h.„,,»»d„J,ml., « , „ . . „ . 2 Thilc V3t can anh sdng de Ion len 3 Thirc I'ft chi can anh sang de phaL inen.
•l Cayngodadiingcacyeulo voainhde tao
5, Nuoc, kill cac-bo-nic, anh sang, chit thoang la nhihig yeu to can ihiet cho 3u phai Tnen cua
Bnpg S l i Cbii thich
Cau 3: Ve de hoitn thanh so do quan he thirc an sau:
L£
Khdng mau, khdng mui, khong vi.
Cd hinh dang xae dinh.
Khdng thg bi nen. . Cau 2: Em hay giai thich: Vi sao trudc khi cd mua, tren
bau trdi hay xuit hien idiiing dam may den?
Cau 3: Day lit thuc don trong 3 ngay dau tuan eua mpt eau be mie benh beo phi. Em hay giup cau be xay dung mgt
CSu 4: Thir tri thong minh: Hdm nay, ban Lan mua mdt chau cay hoa hdng nho rat dep. Hai ngay sau, gia dinh Lan di du lich. Dg tranh con meo pha hdng eai cay mdi mua, Lan da giiu chau hoa trong 1 chiec hop. Khi trd v8 nha sau chuyin di, Lan nhan ra than cay da heo lia, dat trong chau khd cin, vd vun. Em hay giai thich vi sao cay eita ban Lan lai CO hien tugng do?
CSu 5: Theo ddi cugc hdi thoai sau va tra ldi cau hdi:
Binh: Td khing dinh: "Sinh vat nay chinh la thtie an cua sinh vat kia".
An: Td thi lai khdng ddng y lam. Vi du nhe: Con ga va con vit deu la cac sinh vat ditng khdng? Nhung ehung dau eo phai la thuc an ciia nhaudau, con gadau thg an con vit va ngupc lai.
Theo em. An noi dting hay Binh noi ditng? Vi sao?
Clu 6: Quan sat so do quan he thue an sau va ngu moi quan he dinh dudng giiia cac sinh vat bang hinh thirc sang tao (ve, tho, bai hat...).
• ^
^ ^ i
b. Vdn dung thiit ki de kiem tra cudi ki I:
BAI K I 6 M T R A CUOI Ki 1 - MON KHOA HOC LCJP 4 Can 1: a) Diln thong tin thieh hgp vao bang sau
Lay vito Oxi
Thai ra
Chat can ba Mo hdi
b) Khoanh trdn vao dap an dung de tra Idi can hoi sau:
"Nudc va khdng khi cd tinh chat nao chung?"
82 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Thir 2 - Bua sang: Bdnh nggi vd 2 hop sUa.
- B u ^ trua: An theo thuc dan eiia tru&ng.
- Bira toi: 5 bdt cam, thit kho tdu, khoai tdy chiin
Thu-3 - Bua s i n g : Pha vd 1 Ion nu&c soda.
- B u a trua: An theo thue don cua tru&ng.
- Bira toi: Pizza, 5 mieng gd rdn vd nude soda.
T h u 4 - B u a sang: i chiec xuc xich vd 2 cdi bdnh bao.
- Bfra trua: An theo thuc dim cua trudng.
- Bira t6i: Bdnh nggt, mi Ysdt kem vd bdp rang bo.
Thii 2 T h i s T h 4 4
Cau 4: Giu duac cu lam thi trudng ciia thanh pho Ngpc Xanh. Lin diu tdi day, Gau rat ddi ngac nhien. Noi day dat dai that khd eln, dan cu thua thdt. Nudc rat doi dao, th6 nhung nai nao cd ao hd, song suoi la nai do cd vo chai, tiii ni-ldng vay quanh, ngudn nude bi d nhigm nang bdi nudc thai sinh boat... Khdng khi bi d nhilm lan sang tir khu cong nghigp lien kg.
Neu em la Gau, em se eo nhung bien phap gi dg eai tao thanh phd Ngpc Xanh?
Cau 5: Tan hgc ve, Hoa vit Mai ni nhau ra cdng trudng an chut do an nhe trong khi chd b6 me den ddn.
Hoa: Mai oi, chiing minh mua nem chua ran an di. Ngon lim ma ehi co 2000 ddng 1 cai nem thdi!
Mai: Oi thdi rae td bao nera y toan dupe chien md bin, an dg ngd dgc lim. Hay cau qua nha td di, nha td cd hop bo vign dong hop ngon cue. Co ca ngo dong hop, ca ngir dong hop niia...
Hoa: Nliiing anh to noi, <I6 dong hop oung hai mm, toan chat bao quan thoi!
Y kita Clia em la gi? Nlu em la ban cua Hoa va Mai, em se khuyen 2 ban dieu gi?
Cau 6: Ve tranh eo dong vai chu de "Rar^ , • , , , , , . , „ °^^ ve nuac va khong khi quanh ta .
Vi du minh hpa tren cho thay dii d BT luyen ta h ^ '
Vu Thu Hang
kilm tra thi eae B T eung dupc phan bac rd rang cac mtic dp nhu sau:
Cau 1: T u a n g img vdi mtic dp d a n gian, yeu cau H S nhd, tai hi?n lai npi dung da d u a c hpc trong bai.
Cau 2: HS higu dupe ngi dung bai hge de dua ra sir lira chgn dung vdi kien thtic cua biii.
Cau 3: HS higu duoc kien thtic li thuyet cua bai hpc de tir do van dung vao cugc song thdng thudng. Vi du n h u HS bilt each xay dung mpt thirc dan co che dp an phii h a p .
Cau 4 - 5 - 6: CJ mtic dp van dung cao, HS can co tu duy phan tich - tong hgp cac dii ligu c i n cd de tir do dua ra phirong an each giai quyet, hay quan diem eiia minh danh giii vg ciic sir vat, hien tupng. Dae biet, eau 6 d mtic dp sang tao thg hien ro tu duy eua HS trong viec sang tao ra tinh hudng mdi theo each ma HS higu, phan tich d u a tren npi
dung kien thirc da ITnh hdi d u p c trong cae bai hpc.
3. Ket luan
Trong bai v i l t nay, viec thilt kg B T P B d u p e eoi nhu mdt kl thuat day hge trong qua trinh day hge mdn Khoa hge.
Nlid CO B T P B , G V ed thg hudng HS d i n nhimg thanh cong ldn hem n h d vao viec tao ra nhirng BT phit hpp vdi luc hpc va phong each hpc eua tirng ngudi. BTPB dupc sir dung sao cho tat ea HS tap trung vao p h i n kign thiic va ki nang trpng tam nhung d mirc dp khd khac nhau. BTPB dugc xay dung theo thang tu duy Bloom cung dam bao r i n g HS dupc dua ra nhirng thir thaeh phit hgp va ciing vdi do la dupc trau ddi nhu'ng kl nang vit kign thue can thiet cho qua trinh t i l p nhan dign ra lign tuc.
Tai lifu tham khao
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DiEFerentiated InsUuction, Journal of Staff Development, 26,26-31.4.
[6] Johnson, A., (2001), How to Use Thinking Skills to Differentiate Curricula for Gifted and Highly Creative Students, Gifted Child Today, 24, 58-63. 13.
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[9] Bloom, B.S. & Kiathwohl, D.R„ (1956), Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain, NY, NY, US: Longmans, Green.
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Boston, MA, US: Allyn & Bacon.
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TT- BGDDT ngdy 28 thdng 8 ndm 2014 ciia Bg tru&ng Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo. Ha Noi.
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DESIGNING A TIERED ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM BASED ON BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Vu Thu Hang Hanoi Metropolitan liniversity
98 Duorg Quang Ham, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Email. [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Differentiated instruction is a teaching perspective that addresses the individual values of each student on the basis of general values of competence and other qualities based on the educational goals of the teaching level. One of the forms of differentiated instruction is the tiered assignments. The use of the tiered assignment system based on Bloom's taxonomy helps teachers guide students to focus on the core knowledge and skills, but at different level of difficulty depending on the challenges that are appropriate to the learning power and learning style of each student According to the study of materials about competency- based exercises and the curriculum of Science subject in primary schools, the author systematized the basic and core theoretical issues on the objectives, contents and forms, then suggested the process of designing and using the tiered assignment system in teaching Science.
KEYWORDS: Differentiated instruction; tiered assignments; B primary education.
n's taxonomy; science;
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