tlfOlNG VAN BONG BEN TRONG CUA BAI TAP PHAT TRIEN StfC BEN CHUYEN MON TRONG BONG BAN
TS. Nguydn Danh Hoang Vi#t
T 6 m t ^
Thdng c^ua r^ien oiu k i ^ tra \?hn^ tHet bi Cosmed KAi?2 de tM darh q^ l/(?ng v^n tJ^ng bSn tTCTig cua bii t ^ J prax. triin &ic t4r\ dxrySn mdn trong bong bkn
S u m a y .
Th-ou^ resea-ch a i d t e s t by Cosmed ls.4b2anLi;ment, topic en evMjattig rrtemsi physic^
exercise faience on s t a n h a deveioprrwrTt cf t^pJe t c r i a
eAT VAN BE
Trong q u i trinh huan luyen nhieu nam, huan luypn the Ipc doi \ (in \ ' D \ " bong bin thuong gin ket v(Vi hoan thipn k\ nang. ky sao van dpng chuyen mon V'l \fiy. tir giai doan chuyen mon hoi ban dau, khi \'DV 1 2 - 14 tuoi. nguoi la bit dau chu Irpng phai tricn the Ipc chuyen mon.
trong do d^c bipt la sue ben chuyen mon. Dc Ihpc hipn nhiv'in vy nay, thuang sir dyng cac bii I9p thi dau. cac bii tap di chuyen kci hpp \6i cac tloim tac k\ thu^l bong bin. He thong cic bai l^p dupe lya chpn cang chinh xac. sc dem l^i hlC'ii qua huan luy?n cing cao. Muon \a>. can phai nghicn ciiu sau vc cic vcu cau sir ph^m vii ve eti so sinh hpc cua cae bai t^p phit tnen ihe lyc chuven mon, trong do eo sue ben ehuyen mon, Kcl qua nghicn ciru a ITnh v ue nav chi co linh ihuvel phye khi dupe lien hanh trong qua Irinh vgn dpng thye hipn bai t^p. Gan day. cong nghp do lucmg v6 tuyen c i c chirc nang eo the trong V an dpng da cho phep liep c ^ loi cac kei qui nghien ciru \ c bin chit sinh hpc ciia bii tap the chat, ben eanh cae phuang phap nghicn ciru thmtiiL; quy ve sir phgm.
Nlui phuang lipn nghien cijru mai, buac dau da \ i c dinh dupe lupng vgn ilonu ben irong va lupng v^n dpng cpc dgi thong qua cic chi so bien doi irong ca the tuong ung kel qua thye hipn dc til "Nghien cim lpa chpn va ung dyng h^ thong bai tgp nhim phit tnen sire b^n chuyen mun cho nam V i ) \ hong ban lua luoi 12 - 14".
Tren eo ><.' kci qua Igp Test cua \ D \ ' Bong han Ire vai cae bai tgp phii tnen sue b^n chuyen mon dc til so s.mh lupng vgn dong ben trpng viri lut.mg vgn IUMIU ging sue i6i da Ket q u i nghien cuu la eo so dc dinh gia d^e diem nang
lupng cic bii tgp phat tnen sue ben chuyen mon ciia \ D \ ' Bong ban.
PHUtfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUfU
Qua trinh nghien cuu lien hinh tren hp thong Ihiei hi Cosmed K.4b2 va su dyng cic phucmg phap nghien cim sau: Phuang phap phan tich va long hpp tai lieu tham khio. phuang phip phong van. phucmg phap kiem tra su phgm v a phucmg phap loin hoc ihone kc.
Kii QUA NGHIEN CUfU VA BAN L U A N Khi nghien ciiu lupng van dpng ben trong ciia bii tgp phit trien sire ben chuyen mon vai hp thong thict bi Cosmed K4b2 dupe thpc hipn trong dicu kifn tgp luvcn. so sanh vai lupng van dpng ciia bai tgp ging sue toi da diroc ihyc hipn irong phong thi nghi?m. Lupng vgn dpng trouL;
bii Igp gany sue lucmg dmmg vai lupng vgn dpng loi da, chii \ e u phin anh ning lyc ua khi voi cic chi so hap thy oxy v a nang lyc cung cap u\v ciia hp luan hoin, ho hap. \'i vay, \ai) thing 3 2002 da ticn hinh dong thai hai loai thye nghipm doi vai \ f ) \ ' a trong phong thi nghipm v i a dicu kipn tip luypn trong nhi lap bong ban.
Cac chi so sinh lv khi thuc hipn bii lap gang sire loi da trong phong thi nghipm va cic bii tgp phit men sue b^n chuyen mon ciia VDV bong bin lira tuoi 1 2 - 1 4 dupe trinh biy 6 bing 1.
KCI qui bang 1 cho thay:
* 0 bai tap ging sue loi da
- The tich oxy ciia VDV bong bin 12 - 14 moi (\'(); I la 25.^2-444 05 ml/min; Th6 tich oxy tuong doi tren kg the trpng l i 48.52-5.09 ml/miakg. C i c chi so nav giiip xem xet vc trao doi chat trong ca the trong dicu kipn ua khi khi thye hipn bai tap gang sue 6 day the lich ovv trong nghipm p h i p gang sire dupe hieu li the lichoxv t 6 i d a ( \ ' 0 : ™ . ) -
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BAI B i o KHOX HOC
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- Cae ehi so danh gii hogt dpng cua ca quan ho hip a VDV bong ban 12-14 tu6i dgt trung binh la: VE = 93 fmm; VT = 1.57 1; Rf=6l 4 nh/min.
- Cic chi so danh gii hogt dpng ciia hp thong tuan hoan dgt trung binh la HR = 188 ck/min;
VO: HR = 13.6 ml/b; HR recov = 19.6 ck'min.
* Di chuyen gigl bong thugn tay 1/2 bin - V02 Uiypt d6i la 1985 ml/min vi VO: tuong doi Ii 39.5 mlT^g/min. VO: tuypt d6i dgt 77.8%
so v6i \X_):rm trong bai tgp gang sue toi da. Can cir tai lipu Exercise Physiolosy (Nha xuat ban Lippincott Williams & Wilkins - USA), xet ve g6c dp trao doi chit cung cap nang lupng ua khi thi lupng van dpng ben trong ciia bii tgp niy lucmg ducmg vai bai tgp mau trung binh (moderate exercise).
- The tich khi tho ra trong moi phiit (VE=VT- RO li 90 1/min, dgt 96.8% so voi VE khi thpc hi?n nghipm phip gang sire toi da. Nhu vgy. bii tgp niy da huy dpng idri miic gin toi da cua hp thong ho hap.
- Chi so tan so lim toi da (HRmax) khi thye hipn bii tgp niy li 1N7 ekmin, tucmg duang vcri tan so lim loi da khi Ihyc hipn nghipm phip ging sire. Chiing to sy dip ung cua hp lim mgch khi thye hipn bii tgp di chuyen gigl b6ng thugn tay xoiy len 1/2 ban 6 muc toi da, nim trong mien ning lupng yem khi li chinh.
- Tan so lim sau hoi phyc 1 min (HR recov) dirpc hicu li hi^u so giua lan so lim loi da vi tan so tim lgi th6i dicm 1 min nghi sau vgn dpng.
Chi so niy theo dy bio ciia ngirdri binh thuong li 12 i,k min. Khi thye hiC"n bai tgp di chuyen gigl b6ng thugn lay \oav len 1/2 ban, chi so niy Ii 32 ck/min lire la khi \'D\' ihyc hipn bai tgp chuyen mon hoi phyc nhanh han chinh hp khi thye hipn trong phong thi nghipm (32 ck/min so v6i 19.6 ck/min), vi hoi phyc nhanh hon nguai binh thuimg Tinh chai khic nhau giira hai bii igp vi dicu kiC'n khic nhau de hoi phyc (trong phimg ihi nghiC-m va phong lap) c6 the khien cho V0\' hoi phyc nhanh han sau khi thpc hipn bii tgp chuv en mon.
* Phoi ht,Tp giai phii day trii
- Cung nhu bii tgp iruL're. xit vc nang lyc v an ddnc. ua khi. lupng vgn dpng ben trung ciia bii tgp nav immg dmmg vm bii tgp mau trung binh
(\02^1476m! mm bang 57 S% \'0:™, trong bai tap gang sire; \ 0 : tuong dpi 32.9 mL'minltg).
- VE = 72 Imin dat 77.4'^b so vcri \ E trong nghrpm phap gang sire. Bii tgp niy ciing huy dpng nang luc ciia hp ho hap a mirc dp cao, tu\
khong cao bang bai tap tren.
- Chi s6 HRmax li 185 elv min dgt 98.3% so vai nghiem phap gang siic. Hp thong tim mgch khi thuc hipn bai tap niy a mure gan toi da. trong mien yem khi. Cung nhu bai tap truoc khi ning huy dpng nang lupng tir nguon nang lupng yem khi chiem uu the khi thpc hipn bii tgp niy.
- Qui trinh hoi phuc dien ra nhanh, ehi so HR recov la 34 ck min.
* Di chuyen bgt bong 1 2 bin
- Chi so VO: tuy?t doi la 1557 ml/min vi VO: tuong doi li 31.1 mlmin Kg dgt 64% so V Ol \'Oimii khi Ihyc hipn nghipm phip gang sire toi da. Nhu cac bii tgp tren. bii tgp niy cung nhd CO cung cip nang lupng tir nguon ning lupng ua khi, nhung a miic dp tren trung binh.
- VE = 63.6 1/min dgt 68.4"i, Vi: trong nghipm phip ging stie Nhu cic bai tgp tnrdc, bii tgp nav huy dpng hp thong ho hap tham gia trao doi nang lupng ua khi luang duong vcii bii tgp mau trung binh.
- HR max li 180 ck/min bing 95.9% so vdi tan so tim toi da khi thye hipn nghipm phap ging siie. Bii tgp niy cung dip img sy hogt dpng gan toi da ciia hp thong tim mgch, the hipn nang lupng cung cip thupc mien ning lupng yem khi Ii chii dgo.
- Tin so tim hoi phyc nhanh sau vgn dpng, HR recov = 39 ck/min.
* Di chuyen nh$t bdng 42 qua x 4m Cac chi sd sinh ly phin inh lupng vgn dpng ben trong cua \'D\' khi thye hipn bii tgp di chuyen nhat bdng 42 qua \ 4m nhu sau:
- VO: tuypt ddi la 1538 ml/min va VO: tuong ddi ti 29.3 ml/minlCg dgt 60.3% so vdi VO:,,,,,.
khi thye hipn bii tap gang sire toi da. Nhu cac bii tgp trude. nang lupng cung cap dc thye hi?n bai lap nay thupc mien nang lu(,mg ua khi, nhung d miic trung binh.
\'E la S2.16 I'min dgt 88.3% so vdi VF uong nghipm phap gang siic. Hp thpng hd hap ciia VDV chi hogt dpng o mirc trung binh
BlJ BAO KHOA HOC
Bii t^p si>c ben chuy§n mdn -HRmax = 1S2,S ck'min bing 97.2% lan so lim tin da trong ihuc hipn nghipm phap iiane sifC, chimg tv. he ihone iini nuich cua \ ' n \ ' hoat iloTii; II mire ii.in loi da NJine hrpng cung cap cho hogt il.'iie i.tui seu thu»)c mien ning lupng y^m khi, nhu e.K bai i.ip da trinh hav o trcn.
N.ine lyc hoi phyc sau van dpng tuong doi nhanh. UK recov = 26 ek min
' Sh.iv ilav don 5 min
\ o uivci doi Ii 1419 4 ml mm va \0:
tuong dd\ la 2"' ml mm kg dai 55 7°ii so vdi
\ (> -., khi thye hipn bai tgp gang siic tin da.
Mur vgv. ngudn ning lupng cung cap dc thye hipn hai igp nhav dav dan 5 min ciing cd dya iiiOi ph.in vio mien ua khi. d mirc dp Uung binh.
- ( hi si) Vl (i7 6 1 nun dai "^2 ''"o so vdi
\ i trong nghipm phip ging sue tdi da. Bai tgp niy eung huy dpng ciia hp ihdng hd hip d mire dp trung binh
• Chl so HR max - ISO ek mm bing 95.7%
so VOI lan si> lim tdi da khi ihyc hipn nghipm phip gine sue Hp lim mgch hogi dpng d mirc gan eye dai kin ihyc hipn bii igp niy \ a ngudn ning lupng cung cap dc ihyc hipn bii tgp nay chii ycu thupc mien vem khi
- lan sd iim hin phue nhanh sau vin dpng,
•. . ehisi. MR reeov= '**) ck mm K^TLUAN
I Uk.mi; .liMU ben trong cua \ ' D \ " bdng
mon Bdng bdn (dnh minh hpa)
bin 1 2 - 1 4 tudi khi thpc hipn nghipm phip ging sire tdi da (trong phdng thi nghipm) vi thpc h i ^ eac bii tgp mau phat inen sire ben chuyen mon (trong nhi tgp bdng bin) eo nhiing net d$c trung sail dav
I. O nghipm p h i p ging siic idi da. the lich o\y lill da la 2552 • 444 d^ ml/min. the lich oxy toi da trcn kg ihc irong la 4S.52 ± 5.09 ml niin/kg.
2 Nang liraiig eung cap dc ilnre lupn eae bai lap mail phiil tncn sire ben ehuyen mon chi dpa vao mien ning lupng ua khi d miic dp trung binh. nhung dya vio mien ning lupng vein khi o miic dp gan loi da. lie thdng tim mgch cua
\'1)V hogt dpng d mirc dd gan idi da. lir 180 - IS? c k m i n . khoang 97% tan sd tim khi ihpc hipn nghipm phap gang siic tdi da.
TAIU(UTHAMKHAO
1. AmiJlin.A.N (i'JS-li. Bdng hdn hi^n dpi, (Bill The Hie-n dieh). S \ h TDTT. Hi Npi.
2 Aulic.l.V (l'VS2i. Ddnh gid trinh do tpp luypn the thao, (Phgm Ngpe Tram dich). NXB TDTT, Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen The Truyen, Nguyen Kini Minh.
Tran Quoc Tuin (2002). hdu chuan ddnh gid irinh dp lpp luypn irong iu\cn i lum \a huan luypn Ihe ihao. Vipn KHTDTT, Nxb TDTT. Hi Ndi
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