TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQl so 9 (241) 2018
TllW Hl6U TiN NCydNG THd ANH HUNG DAN TOC
NGUYEN TRUNG TRU-C d LONG AN
TRyONG QUANG B A f NGUYEN NGOC TRLPffNG XUAN"
Ti'n ngwang tha Nguyen Trung Trwc la mdt trong nhO'ng tin ngwdng thd anh hung din tdc dang pho bien hien nay d Long An, Kien Giang vi nhieu tinh khic a Nam Bd.
Trong bai viet niy, tic gii nhin lai cupc doi vi nhu-ng chiin cdng tieu bleu cua anh hung dan too Nguyen Trung Trwc, ly giil vl sao Nguyen Trung Trwc lai tra thanh ngwai anh hung bat tir vi mdt vi than trong Idng ngwai dan Long An va khu vwc dong bang sdng Ciru Long (dac biet li tinh Kien Giang), de tir dd tim rd them qua trinh hinh thinh vi phit then cua tin ngwS-ng tha NguyBn Trung Trwc tai Nam Bp.
Tirkhda: tin ngydng thd anh hting dan tdc, Nguyen Trung Tryc, Long An Nhan bil ngiy; 22/8/2018; dwa vio bien tap: 25/8/2018; phan bien; 30/8/2018;
duypt ding: 25/10/2018
Tin ngydng thd ciing t i tien ciia dan tdc Viet Nam da ed tir lau ddi. Ngoai viee dap irng nhu e l u tam linh eua een ngydi, tin ngydng thd eung to tien edn la bieu hien ciia dae ly lam ngydi, la nhu c l u hudng v i cdi nguin cua gia dinh va dan tdc. Thd eung to tien \i s y t i i p n i l gitfa qua khir, hien tai va tyang lai. Vi vay, sire s i n g eiia tin ngudng nay la vd t§n (Pham Nhat Trinh, 2016: 9).
X u l t phat ttf dao ly dd, c y dan Viet Nam khdng ehi thd eiing to tien, ddng
Vi$n Khoa hoc Xa hpi vtjng Nam B$.
" Bang uy Khoi D^n - Chinh - Dang Thcinh phd Ho Chi Minh.
hp, eac vj phue than ma edn thd cae anh hting liet sT da hy sinh vl ehti quyin ciia dan tde. He thing thd ciing t i tien va nhyng ngudi ed edng vdi dja phuang, vdi d I t nude phan anh quan he gan bd giya ca nhan vdi edng d i n g , gitra gia dinh vdi d I t nude.
Qua hang ngan nam Ijeh sir, tin ngydng thd eiing nhtrng vj danh tudng trd ndn p h i b i i n g k h l p dIt nude, nhy thd eiing Hai Ba Tryng, Ba Trieu, L^ Thydng Kiet, T r l n Hyng Dao, Ld Van Duyet, Thien Hd Dygng, Thu KhPa Huan, Tryang Djnh, Nguyin Trung Tryc...
Tin ngudng thd eac anh hung dan tdc dyge luu truyin d y d i nhiiu hinh thu'C
TRlfONG QUANG DAT - NGUYEN NGOC TRUQ'NG XUAN -TllVI Hl£U TiN NGUpNG... 71 nhy lap m i i u thd, lap den thd, lap bia
ghi edng dire, xay dyng md phIn, t i Chirc t i l i hang nam... Viec xay m i i u hay d i n thd cd hai mgc dich ehlnh:
tryde tien la d i nhtrng ngydi da khult cc ngi yen nghi lau dai, sau nu'a d i c u dan quanh vting ed ehd d i n viing anh linh, nhd d i n cdng an ciia cac vj, d i n g thdi de ngydi dan gdi g l m y d c nguydn, c l u xin mdt eupe s i n g an lanh, dap irng nhu cau tin ngudng dan gian cua nhan dan (Tran Phdng Digu, 2014).
Hien nay, d Nam Bp cd r l t nhiiu d i n thd Nguyin Trung Trye, nhlt la tai nhti'ng nai dng da s i n g va chiin d l u nhu: Leng An, Kien Giang,... Tuy nhiSn, cupc ddi vi eudc khdi nghTa ciia Nguyin Trung Tryc edn nhiiu chi tiit ehya dygc sang td, gia t h i va xult than eua dng cting ehua duge rd rang. Dac biet, d vting Tay Nam Bp ndi Chung va Leng An ndi rieng, eupe khdi nghTa edn duge phii len mdt Idp vd huyin bi cua tin ngydng dan gian.
Thyc t i dd da dat ra mdt eSu hdi: tin ngydng thd Nguyen Trung Trye tai tmh Long An da bat dau tir khi nao va dygc thyc hanh nhy t h i nae. Tin ngudng nay anh hydng gi d i n ddi s i n g xa hpi cua cu dan d day. D i giai ma hien tugng tdn vinh, thd kinh Nguyin Trung Tryc ddi hdi phai ed nhti'ng nghien eiru cu t h i dudi gdc dp nhan hpc. Da cd nhiiu hdi thao khoa hpc nghien ciru v i Ijch sir, van hda, l i hdi d i n thd Nguyin Trung Tryc. Tuy nhien cho d i n nay, nhti'ng cau hoi tren v l n chya cd Idi giai dap thda dang.
Bai v i i t nay n h l m t i i p tuc lam rd eac v l n d i da neu tren day.
2. C C S d HiNH THANH T I N NGLFONG THiiy ANH HUNG DAN TOC N G U Y i N TRUNG TRLPC 2.1. Tieu SIP N g u y i n Trung Tryc Nguyin Trung True ten that la Nguyin Van Ljch, tue gpi "Quan Chan" hay
"Quan Ljch", sinh nam Mau Tuat (1839''') tai xa Blnh Nhat, huyen Ciru An, phu Tan An, tinh Gia Djnh; nay la I p 1, xa Blnh Dire, huyen B i n Lire, tTnh Leng An. Than sinh ciia dng ten 1^
dng Nguyin Van Phung (cd tai lidu ghi la Nguyin Trung Thang heae Nguyin Cae Thang), que g i c m i i n Trung, di cu vao thdn Binh Nhut - phu Tan An vao thdi ky Hau Le. Me eua Ong la ba T i Kim Hdng. Ong la een ea trong gia dinh ed 7 ngudi een, dyge cha me che hpc hanh ea van lan vd. V i vd, dng dygc dae tao tai mpt Id vd d Rach Bae Djnh, chung vdi Huynh Cdng T i n va Nguyin Van D i i n . Dp tinh tinh cygng trye, ehan chat, hay euu mang giiip d d ke t h i cd, nen thay dat chp png ten chu Han la "Trye"
(tinh tinh euang true, thing thin).
O Nam Bd, ttr nam 1830 triiu dinh nha Nguyin da che phep lap nhti'ng dap quan d i n d i i n de vira khai khan d I t dai, vira d i phdng giac cydp. (3 Gd Cdng, Truang Djnh da dirng ra thanh lap dpi quan nay va chieu mp nghTa sy d y g c g i n 6.000 ngydi, lap ra sau ea tai Tan Hda va duge triiu dinh phpng chirc Quan Ca. Nguyin Trung Trye sau dd da tham gia dae quan nay eiia Quan eg Truang Djnh,
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 9 1241) 2018 Nam 1859 Lien quan Phap va Tay
Ban Nha danh thanh Gia Djnh, ngay 18/02/1859 thanh v d , Hd D i e Vd Duy Ninh hieu trieu nghTa binh v i Gia Djnh danh Phap. Quan Ca Tryang Djnh dem quan d i n d i i n ttr Gd Cdng len irng nghTa. Triiu dinh H u i cir T h i n g tydng Quan vu Nguyin Tri Phuang va Pham T h i Hien vac Nam xay d i n Ky Hda ngan chan quan Phap chiim Nam Ky Luc tinh. Ngay 25/2/1861 ddn Ky Hda that thij, nghTa binh phai lui v i Bien Hda, My The va VTnh Leng.
Thing tudng Quan vu Nguyin Tri Phyang bj thuang phai lui v i Phan Ri.
Lue nay Nguyin Trung Tryc khdng di thee quan triiu dinh, ma thee Truang Dmh v i ddng d i n d xir Gd Thuang, thude huyen Tan Hda (Tiin Giang) d i eiing e i lye lugng, tiip tijc ehing Phap.
Truang Djnh t i chirc d i n d i i n thanh 18 eg, due them sung, Ong dugc Triiu dinh phpng chirc Phd lanh binh Gia Ojnh. Nguyin Trung Trye luc nay giu' chirc Quyin sung quan binh dap (thu ITnh ciia lye lygng vd trang khdng chinh quy d huyen Ciru An) va duge phai v i hpat ddng tai Tan An (Vien Sir hpe, 2007: 908).
2.2. Nhiing c h i i n cong tieu bleu ciia N g u y i n Trung T r y c
2.2.1. Chien cdng Vim Nhwt Tao Ngay 14/4/1861 Phap chiim dugc Djnh Tudng va ddng d i n tai My The.
Tan An, que eua Nguyin Trung Tryc da bj Phap chiim ddng. K h l p ngi tren d I t Nam Ky nghTa quan n i i day chdng Phap. Ngay 23/6/1861, Nguyin Trung
Tryc tham gia. Sau do, cting Trudng Djnh danh d i n Gd Cdng. D l u thang 12/1861, Ong dem quan v i Vam Nhyt Tap tim each danh tau Phap tren sdng.
Sang ngay 10/12/1861, nhu thydng le tau L'Esperance re vap vam t i i n sau vap trpng raeh Nhtrt Tae. T h I y mdt toan nghTa quan dang bai qua sdng, trung iiy Parfait nhanh chdng d i e quan x u i n g x u i n g d u i i thep. Tpan nghTa quan bai nhanh, cap bd sdng Vam Cd chay v i B i n Lire. Toan linh eiia trung uy Parfait thIy vay ra su'c duel theo va ngay eang bj du di ra xa khdi tau L'Esperance. B^n gitia trya, thliu iiy Francois de Rebertp can than dem 20 linh Ien bd canh gae. Tren tau cdn 20 linh Phap va Ma Ni. Oting liic l y ttf ngpn Nhat Tap, 5 chiic ghe ehd doan ngydi di dam cydi t i i n d i n d i n g i n tau L'Esperance va cap lai thep lenh ciia ten gae tau, 5 chiic n i i dudi nhau thanh hang. Ong Nguyin Trung Trye e l m mpt manh gily tya nhy gily thing hanh dua che ten linh. Khi ten linh vira vdi tay l l y manh gily thi Nguyen Trung Trye riit k l i m dam ten linh va hd to "sap chiin", nghTa quan d i n g loat thao bd d i eudi (ae, mu), pha tung mui ghe xdng len tau. Bj t i n edng b i t ngd ndn ehi cd 2 ten linh Phap va 2 ten Ma Ni kjp nhay xuing sdng chay theat, lye lygng edn lai d i u bj tieu diet. Cting liie l y mui t i i n edng thir hai ciia nghTa quan cung bae vay tieu diet gon 20 ten Phap va thiiu iiy Francpis d tren bd. Quan tpan Nguyin Hpe va hygng than H i Quang Chieu ra Idnh dOng d l u , cui
TRLTONG QUANG BAT - NGUYEN NGQC TRLTONG XUAN - TlM HlEU TiN NGLTONG 73 khd va la dira d i t tau. Ngpn lira gap
gid h i e eao, chang m I y c h i c tau L'Esperance ehim xuing sdng mang thee xae 17 linh Phap va Ma Ni (Giang Minh Doan, 1991: 17). Chiin edng d i t tau Esperanee da eo vQ manh me tinh t h i n ehiin d l u eua nghTa quan. vi ttr nay tau ehiin eiia Phap khdng edn la b i t kha xam pham nua va tin tudng t i m vdng, ma t l u cting cd t h i danh bai d y g c quan Phap.
Cdn vdi Phap, vien thanh tra ban xir tai Nam Ky Paulin Vial ggi day la: "mdt sy kien dau ddn" lam ngudi An Nam phIn c h i n va gay xue ddng, dau Idng sau s i c trong Idng ngudi Phap"
(Nguyin Van Khpa, 2011: 11).
2.2.2 Tieu diet thanh Son Bi tinh Kien Giang
Dem 16/06/1868 Nguyin Trung Tryc ehi huy nghTa quan tir vjnh Rach Gia dp b i len bd raeh Lang Ong luc nira dem de mai phuc diet thanh San Da.
N l m ehd d i n b i n gid sang thi trdi bdng dp mua, biit trdi mat linh trpng thanh se ngu say, dng men d i n eing gae chinh, dam c h i t hai ten linh gae dang ngii gat r i i phat lenh tan edng.
NghTa quan nghe lenh, ddng bat day phi than qua vach tudng lap vao d i n djch. Quan Phap khdng kjp phan irng, bj g i i t ngay tren giydng ngii, vai ten d m siing ban tra nhyng khdng kjp nap dan l l n thir hai. Trai linh ma ta trpng thanh dugc hai phu nti' la ba D i i u va ba Dd khuyin du lam ndi irng nen im lim khdng n i siing tiip irng, d i mac nghTa quan t i n edng. Mdt s i linh ma ta trpng d i n ccn tham gia irng
chiin cting nghTa quan. K i t qua nghTa quan tieu diet d y g c fen Chii tinh Chanh Phen, Trung uy Sauterne, Thiiu uy Gamard, 5 vd quan, 67 linh Phap va Viet gian, fhu fren 100 khIu siing va khp dan. Ngpai ra cdn bat s i n g 60 ten linh, trpng dd cd ten Chpnh - thdng ngdn eiia Phap. S i tti binh nay sau dd da dyge Nguyin Trung Trye tha c h i t va tha chc v i (Giang Minh Doan, 1991: 32).
2.2.3 Sw hy sinh bat tir cua Nguyen Trung Trwc
Sau khi Phap tai ehiim Kien Giang, Nguyin Trung Tryc cting nghTa quan ra dae Phii Quie t i i p tue khang chiin.
Be tieu diet cho b l n g duge Nguyin Trung Trye, quan Phap da huy ddng lye lygng ldn bap vay dap Phii Quie.
Sau mdt s i tran chiin khcng can sire, nghTa qu^n bj tieu hao d i n . Ben canh dd, thye dan Phap met mat ehieu du dng d l u hang, hira phong chirc fyde, mat khac bat me dng va nhan dan tren dao lam eon tin. Chiing tuyen b i : cii' 3 ngay n i u dng khdng ra hang, chiing se giit dan dan tren dae va sau cung la me dng. Be eiru dan, eiru me va bae toan lye lygng ehd thdi ea khac, dng trao lai I n k i i m eho nghia quan, met minh ra mat cho Phap b i t . Chiing dem eng v i Sai Gdn, ehieu du dng di theo Phap d i hydng ehire tude, lai Ipe, nhung dng khing khai ndi: "Tdi ehi m u i n lam mdt ehire thdi, chirc gi ma cd quyin chat d l u t i t ca bpn Tay".
T h I y khdng lay ehuyin dugc Idng da s i t son ctia dng, thyc dan Phap dem dng v i Rach Gia xir chem vao ngay
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQl s i 9 (241) 2018 27/10/1868 (12/9 am Ijch). B i t c h i p
lenh cam, nhan dan v l n d i ra phap trudng d i nhin dng l l n c u i i . Tai phap trydng, ngydi dan da bay san mdt ban thd co lu hyang cting mam cgm va mpt dTa trai cay eung. Trudc ban thd, mpi ngudi qui xuing lay ba lay lam l i ta gn dng (Giang Minh Dpan, 1991: 44). Ong yeu eau thye dan Phap cdi trdi va khdng bjt m i t d i i n g nhin d i n g bap va que hyang l l n eudi.
Nhan dan Ta Nien da dung chiiu bdng trai dpc een dydng dng di d i n nai XU' ban. Ong ra di mpt each hien ngang treng s y tdn kinh cua ngudi dan, de lai che ddi sau cau ndi b i t hu
"Bao gid Tay nho h i t ed nyde Nam thi mdi h i t ngydi Nam danh Tay".
Nhin lai s y nghigp khang ehiin ciia Nguyin Trung Tryc, ma tieu bieu la hai chiin thang d i t tau Phap d vam sdng Nhat Tap va danh d i n Tay d Kien Giang, cd t h i thay dng khdng eh!
cd p h l m chit can dam, tae bao eua met ngudi anh hting, ma cdn la mdt nha e l m quan muu luge. Ong biit ap dung ehiin thuat t h i n t i c treng mpi t h i tran vdi quyit tam diet djch tai hang o cua chiing. Tuy sir dung s i quan it di vdi phuang tien ehiin d l u bang giao, mac t h i sa, nhyng nghTa quan da thing dugc ke djch cd lye lygng hting hau, vdi phuang tien chiin tranh hien dai la tau s i t va sung dan t i m xa. Cupc khdi nghTa ctia Nguyen Trung Trye thye sy la cupe khdi nghTa ldn n h l t g m i i n Tay Nam Bd khi nha Nguyin da d l u hang va thyc dan Phap da chiim duge Nam
Ky Lue tinh. Vdi chiin cdng Nhat Tao, l l n d l u tien trong Ijeh sir ehing Phap, nghTa quan da d i t chay m i t tau ehiin djch. Vdi ehiin c i n g danh d i n Kien Giang, nghTa quan da danh thing vao don giac d ngay mpt trung tam d l u nao eiia chung, kiem seat va lam chu tinh ly treng nhiiu ngay. Ca hai trudng hgp d i u ndi len s y muu tri, dung cam, tao bae, quyit tam eao dp eua nghTa quan. Chinh thye dan Phap eung phai thira nhan r i n g viee dng va nghTa quan ha d i n Kien Giang la mdt ' b i i n cd bi tham, ma hau qua ed t h i lam t i n thuang d i n uy tin eiia ngudi Phap d Viet Nam" (Nguyen Van Khpa, 2011:
11). Cupe khdi nghTa eung mang tinh nhan dan dam net. Trong qua trinh xay dyng lye lygng va ehiin d l u , dng da van ddng duge ddng dao ndng dan, ngu dan, sT phu yeu nude gia nhap nghTa quan, ddng gdp luang thye, xay dyng doanh trai, dae d i p cdng sy, phdng gian bao mat, thee ddi eung e l p djch tinh va lam n i l irng trpng hang ngu djch. Q u i n chung dudi sy lanh dae va tai chi huy ctia dng da td rd t i m Idng yeu nydc ning nan, khdng n i gian kho hi sinh, quyit "mdt m i t mpt cdn vdi giac". Tham chi dng cdn thu hiit dugc ca nhu'ng ngudi Vi|t di linh eho Phap. Cap chiin edng tao bae d i t tau djch d Nhat Tap, hay tieu diet d i n Kien Giang s d dT thanh edng edn nhd cd nguyen nhan nay (Vd Thanh Xuan, 2013:42).
Sau khi dng m i f , eupe ddi, s y nghiep va ehiin cdng ciia dng t i i p tiic duge luu truyin d i n eSe t h i he sau. Ong
TRU'ONG QUANG BAT - NGUYEN NGQC TRU'QNG XUAN - TIM HlEU TiN NGUONG... 75 trd thanh n i i m t y hao eiia nhan dan
dja phuang v i tinh t h i n xa than cii'u nydc, lam ve vang eho to q u i e Viet Nam, eho que hyang (Vd Thanh Xuan, 2013: 42). Ttr nhtrng xiic cam ban d l u dd, theo thdi gian dng d i n trd thanh hinh anh fhieng lieng trong tam kham ciia ngydi dan.
3. TiN NGU'&NG THO ANH HUNG DAN TOC NGUYEN TRUNG TRLfC d LONG AN
3.1. S y ra ddi ciia tin ngydng thd Ong Nguyin hay Thygng Dang Dai than
Hien nay, d Long An ed r l t nhiiu gia dinh thd Nguyin Trung Trye chung vdi ban thd dng ba t i tien d treng nha.
Ngydi dan eel anh hting dan tde Nguyin Trung True nhy ngydi cha tinh t h i n , thanh tam huang khdi nhu een eai eiing gio dng ba, t i tien.
Theo nhan djnh cua nha van - nha nghien eiru Anh Ddng'^': "Ong Nguyin Trung True x u l t than ttr dan lang ehai, nhyng khdng phai vl ly do dp ma nhan dan xdm Chai thd eiing, ma nd x u l t phat ttr Idng gan da, sy tai tri, muu luge, van vd song toan, lap duge nhiiu chiin cdng, s y trung hiiu ven toan va dire hy sinh eua Cu Nguyin".
Sau khi dng m i t , vdi Idng ngydng vpng, ngudi dan b i t d l u lyu truyin nhiiu eau chuyen v i dng. Ching han chuyen v i sy gan da phi thydng va vd nghe cua dng Nguyin nhu: dng bai gidi nhy rai ca, di chai bao gid eung bat dyge r l t nhiiu ca tdm, nhiiu l l n dng b i t dugc ca to ma ehua ai ttrng
b i t duge. Nhtrng liie ranh rdi dng lai f$p hgp ban be luyen tap vd nghe.
Trpng thap bat ban vd nghe khdng ban nap ma dng khdng tinh thdng va dng ed the nhay qua con rach rdng 10 thude. Trong mdt l l n tap eiing nghTa quan d ben bd Raeh L i p , dgi khi dan qua bay ngang, dng phi than sang bd ben kia, hai tay gia len 2 een qua lam nghTa quan ai cung l i e d l u bai phue.
Ve sw mwu Iwac, til tri: frong qua trinh chuan bj edng d i n Raeh Gia, thIy nghTa quan ndng Idng m u i n danh nhung t h I y t h i nghTa quan ehua manh, lai ehua n l m duge tinh hinh giae, nen dng da gpi nghTa quan lai va ndi dng n l m mdng thIy t h i n hien v i khuyen ring lue nay chya danh dugc phai ehd thdi ea. Nhd k i ay ma dng da lam cho nghTa quan an Idng, an tam vl dyge t h i n linh phd trg va cd them nhieu thdi gian de luyen tap, chuIn bj vu khi lygng thye, nam duge tinh hinh djch ky cang, c u i i cting da danh ehiim thanh cdng d i n Kien Giang.
S y muu luge, tai tri eua dng edn t h i hi#n rd khi nghTa quan bj giac Phap bap vay d Phti Quie, vdi tinh t h i vd eiing h i i m nghee. Ong da dting k i nghi binh de lira giae. Ong che nghTa quan di chuyin nhiiu l l n , luc hien eho nay, liic an e h i kia, khiin quan Phap tydng nghTa quan edn manh va r l t ddng nen suit mpt thdi gian dai quan Phap chi rinh rap ma khdng dam t i n cdng.
Ve Idng nhin ai, thwang ngwcyi; sau khi edng d i n Kien Giang, nghTa quan
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so 9 (241) 2018 da b i t duge r l t nhiiu linh va tdn
Chenh - thing ngdn cua Phap, nhung sau dd vdi Idng nhan ai, dp lugng dng da tha c h i t cho ten thdng ngdn va bpn linh.
Ve Idng hieu thao va sw thwang din:
de eiru ngydi dan Phii Quie khdi s y hanh ha, cu'u me khdi ngue tti giam e l m (khi biit dng ra hang, me dng da tire d i n the huyit ma chit) va cu'u anh em nghTa quan khdi sy vay ham, s i p chit ddi vi can kiet luang thyc, dng da ndp minh chp giae Phap.
Ve long trung thanh vi khi phich: sau khi bi bat, Phap eho huang ehire va ten viet gian Huynh Cdng Tan ra sire du do, thuyit phue nhung dng d i u khang khai tir c h i i . Khi ra phap trudng dng v l n hien ngang trydc ke thti, khiin dae phii phai quy lay va xin Idi, bpn linh Phap canh gae phap trydng phai run sg (Giang Minh Dpan, 1991:49).
Chinh tai nang, s y muu tri, Idng nhan ai, t i m Idng trung vdi nude, hiiu thao vdi me va thugng dan cting khi phach ciia dng da fgo nen s y ngudng mp, sy yeu m i n va s y tdn thd eua ngydi dan. Guang trung liet ciia Nguyin Trung Trye da khae sau vao Idng nhan dan, khich le tinh t h i n b i t khult ching giac ngoai xam eiia biit bao t h i h#. Vdi quan nipm "sinh vi tudng, tir vi thin", sau khi dng m i L nhiiu ngydi dan b i t d l u lap ban thd Nguyin Trung Trye treng gia dinh, xem nhu thd dng ba, fhd vj t h i n cua gia dinh minh. Nhan dan da t y phong chp dng la tudng, la soai; nen ngudi ta thudng
ggi dng la "Ong Tudng", "Ong Seal", cdn nghTa quan thudng gpi dng la
"Chii Tudng" hay "Chu Spai". Sau khi dng ehit, nhan dan tdn dng la
"Thygng Dang Dai T h i n " . Hang tram nam nay da trd thanh n i p quen thude, ngydi Leng An gpi Nguyin Trung True bang "Ong", "Cu" heae "Ong Nguyin", kieng gpi ten htiy eiia dng.
Nhti'ng liie khd khan hp thIp nen nhang xin dng phti hp, nhti'ng liie thuan Igi t h I p nen nhang lay ta. Budn ban g i n xa, di sdm v i t i l mpi ngudi xem dng nhy chc dya tin cay. Khdng ai dam ndi, dam suy nghT mdt diiu gl khdng phai tryde anh thd heae tugng dng. Nhan dan da nang dng len hang t h i n thanh. Tinh cam vd cung sau dam l y xuat phat ttr t i m Idng eua ngudi dan Nam Bp "yeu ghet phan minh, nghTa tinh giu' ven" (Vd Thanh Xuan, 2013:62-63).
3.2. Cac nghi thu'C trong tin ngyd'ng thd anh hung dan tdc Nguyin Trung Tryc if Long An 3.2.1. Le cCing khao binh
Hp Nguyin v i n lam n g h i ehai ludi d Quy Nhan nen khi d i n B i n Lire sinh s i n g van giti' le eiing c l u ngy vae ngay mting 10 thang 3 am Ijeh hang nam. L l n eiing eau ngy nam Tan Dau cung la khi dai d i n Chi Hda da that thii (24/2/1861), Nguyin Trung Tryc dan mdt s i nghTa quan trd v i Tan An, t i chirc khao binh, xuat quan t i i p tuc danh giac. Hdm l y , dng bap vdi gia dinh rang chirng nae thing Phap mdi v i , n i u that b?i thi se khdng quay lai, gia dinh ed nhd d i n dng thi d i n ngay
TRUONG QUANG BAT - NGUYEN NGQC TRUONG XUAN - TlM HiEU TiN NGl.fO'NG. 77 mting 10 thang 3 hay rdt rugu ciing.
Vi vay, sau khi dng hy sinh, nhd Idi dng tryde lue ra di nam xua, gia dinh l l y ngay mting 10 thang 3 am Ijch hang nam lam ngay ciing khae binh de tydng nhd l l n Nguyin Trung Tryc khae binh nam Tan Dau (theo Idi k i eua dng Nguyin An Thp, 79 tuoi, xdm Nghi, I p 1, xa Binh Birc, huyen B i n Lire, tinh Leng An).
Trong thdi gian bj Phap eai trj, de khdng the cdng khai cting t i , hp Nguyin d Kien Giang t i ehire ngay khao binh vdi danh nghTa la cung viee l i . Ttr dd, ngay mung 10 thang 3 trd thanh ngay eiing viee l i ctia ddng hp Nguyin d xdm N g h i , xa Thanh Dire, de ddng trydng Nguyin Van Thang phu trach.
Sau 1945, ddng hp Nguyin d xdm Nghi ed ngydi tham gia chinh quyin each mang. Khi Phap trd lai va dan ap, hp Nguyin phai di lanh nan, l i cung viec l i dyge giao che Y i t Ma Thich Thien Nghiem (thi danh Nguyin Van Cay), ngydi ggi Nguyin Trung Tryc la chti, try tri ehua Sting Birc d Chg Ldn.
Y i t Ma Thien Nghiem qua ddi nam 1964, eae vj su tru tri d day t i i p tuc lo lieu d i n nam 1969 thi ba Ngd Thj Quyen (vg dng Nguyin Van Thting, ngydi gpi Y i t Ma Thien Nghiem la bac rudt) rude linh vj Nguyin Trung Tryc v i nha d i ciing viee le hang nam va duy tri ehp d i n nay, hien dp dng Nguyin Van Gidi (Ot Bin), chau ddi thir 7 cua dng Nguyin Van Dae (dng ciia Nguyin Trung Tryc) phu trach (thee Idi ke ciia dng Nguyin An Thp,
79 tuii, xdm N g h i , I p 1, xa Binh Oire, huyen B i n Lire, tinh Leng An).
Ciing viee l i la le cung d i i n ra vao mdt ngay d y g c quy ude de tudng nhd cae sy kien nhy: ngay mat ciia thuy t i ddng he, ngay rdi que hygng ban quan d i n viing dat mdi, ngay eiing e l u an, ngay gio hpi ciia ddng ho..., la nhti'ng ngay thieng lieng d i i vdi mdt ddng hp. Vdi ddng hp Nguyin eua Nguyin Trung Trye, ngay 10 thang 3 la ngay dng ra di danh giac vap le eung e l u ngy nam Tan Dau, vi vay trd thanh ngay cung viec l i eua ddng hp; ngpai tinh t h i n eao n h l t ia hydng v i t i tien ndi ehung nhu bao le eiing viee l i khae, l i eung nay edn phan anh s y kinh ngydng ldn lao trong ddng hp danh eho Nguyin Trung Trye. Viec tydng niem dng da trd thanh truyin thing ciia ddng hp tir khi dng ra di (Nguyin T i n Quie, 2014).
3.2.2. Le gio hing nim
Ngudi dan tinh Leng An ludn quy trpng va cam phue dire dp, tai nang, Idng dung cam, hi sinh quen minh vi dan, vi nude eiia Nguyin Trung Tryc.
Nhyng trudc kia do khdng xae djnh dygc chinh xae ngay m i t eiia dng, nen ngydi nha cung vae ngay 12 thang 9 am Ijch, cdn ngydi dan thi cung vao ngay 27, 28 thang 8 am ljch (cung theo Kien Giang).
Hang nam, cir vae ngay 11,12 thang 9 (am lich), l i gid eiia Anh hting dan fee Nguyin Trung Tryc dugc to chirc trang frong; ngydi dan Leng An va d i n g bae k h l p ngi lai hpi tu tai Khu di
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQl so 9 (241) 2018 tich Ljch SU' Vam Nhyt Tao (khanh
thanh va d u a vao sir dung tir thang 10/2010) d l bay td Idng tri an, thanh kinh, tdn vinh dire tai, ehiin edng eiia Nguyin Trung Trye - vj t h i n de chinh nhan dan phpng tang. Trudc ngay chinh thyc d i l n ra l i g i i , ngydi dan k h l p ngi v i day d i lam cdng qua, thanh tam eham le ngay gid. Hang tram ngydi gia tre, ldn be... cting chung tay dyng cing chao, lam nha tam d i nhti'ng ngydi d xa d i n cd ehd tru ehan, lap nai t i i p tan, trai nau cam phue vu, lam ve sinh, trang heang dinh, lau "chtii d i fhd ty, chuIn bj cd leng. Trydc ngay lam l l , khdng khi l i g i i da ngap tran vdi cae t i m pa-nd, bang rdn, khIu hieu, cd phudn. Ca khu tudng niem dygc tree ed truyin thing, tae khdng khi trang nghiem, I m Cling. Day la mot md hinh l i gid mang tinh cdng d i n g r l t eae, ngudi di dam cting an, cting d , cting lam, cting hudng thu nhu'ng thanh qua lao dpng ma minh da gdp phIn trpng l i gid; khi dm dau mpi ngydi se duae kham benh, d p thuic m i i n phi, b i tri ehd nghi m i i n phi. Dac biet la sau l i g i i , nhCrng san vat dang eijng cua nhan dan d i u d y g c chia se che mpi ngydi tham gia l i g i i mang v i nha.
Trpng ngay d i i n ra l i gid, khach dti d xa hay d g i n d i u khdng bd Id djp duge an btra egm ehay eiia l i gid.
Ngudi ta quan niem ring, cam dinh la Ipe de than thanh ban eho, ai dyge an suit nam se gap may man.
Cap heat dpng dien ra treng l i gid da khgi day duge truyin thing tri an va
tdn vinh cdng lae fa ldn eua Anh hung dan tde Nguyen Trung Trye. L i gid eung la djp d i nhan dan khap ngi tham gia cac hoat ddng giap luu van hda, tang eydng tinh doan k i t cdng d i n g , bae t i n va phat huy nhti'ng gia trj van hda truyin t h i n g . Ddi vdi tinh Lpng An day cung la djp d i gidi thieu, quang ba t i i m nang, Igi t h i v i phat trien kinh t i - xa hdi cua dja phyang.
L i g i i Nguyen Trung Tryc k i t thiic vae chiiu ngay 12 thang 9 am Ijch hang nam. Trudc luc rdi l i gic, mpi ngydi d i u f h i p nhang khIn nguyen tryde md Cij Nguyin mdt l l n nu'a.
Nhiiu ngydi edn ed tim mua di anh ciia Cu Nguyin d i mang v i ban thd cting t i tien ciia minh d nha. T i t ca da trd thanh mpt net dep trpng van hda tinh t h i n eiia ngudi dan, gdp phIn tap nen ban s l e van hda dpc dap eiia l i gid™.
4. GIA TR! LjCH SCf VA NHAN VAN TRONG TiN NGU'O'NG THO N G U Y E N TRUNG TRLfC
Nhu mpi tdn giae khac, tin ngudng thd Nguyin Trung Trye giiip thda man nhu c l u van hda tinh t h i n eiia nhan dan dja phygng. Mpi ngydi d i n vdi tam linh la hudng v i edi sieu nhien, hudng v i nhti'ng ngudi "sing khdn, thac linh". Tham gia l i gid, ngydi dan da gat bo nhti'ng bdn be trpng eudc s i n g thydng ngay, nhu'ng le toan, ben Chen, tinh tean. Hp d i n l i g i i vdi tam t h i eiia nhu'ng ngydi "pham tue"
meng m u i n duge "an tren" ban phydc, "chu'ng giam" eho tam Idng thanh; la nai hp ed t h i triit nhti'ng suy
TRLTONG QUANG DAT - NGUYEN NGQC T R U O N G X U A N - T l M HiEUTiN NGUONG. . 79 ty, e l u l l y may m i n cho gia dinh, cho
ban than, vi hp tin rang se duge cu Nguyin phti trg, giup dd cho eudc s i n g eua minh va gia dinh, giiip hp cd them n i i m tin, sire manh d i vugt qua khd khan treng eudc sing.
L i gid la met each giao due truyin thing t y nhien, thdng qua sy tydng nhd d i n tinh t h i n chiin d l u hi sinh anh dung eiia Nguyin Trung Trye va eae nghTa sT d i i vdi d i t nude. D i n vdi l i gid mpi ngudi dugc true t i i p thIy, tryc tiip nghe, duge hiiu them v i Ijeh sir bao ve d i t nydc ciia cha dng. L i g i i nhy mdt "bap tang Ijeh sir sing"
mpt "khp bau s i n g " v i Ijch sir hap hung eiia Nam B i mdt thdi. Thdng qua eac hi?n vat trung bay... t i t ca mpi ngudi se y thire sau s l e v i gia trj cua eudc s i n g dpc lap, t y chii ngay hdm nay. Ttr dd, bdi dudng Idng yeu nude, tinh t h i n san sang hi sinh khi t i quie c l n .
L i g i i Anh hting dan t i c Nguyin Trung Tryc cd gia trj e i k i t va b i i u duang sire manh edng d i n g , mang ban s i c rieng va dde dae... Dan eu
k h l p nai v i d y l l gid nhu la trd v i gia dinh minh, lam gid dng ba minh. Vi t h i , tinh edng cam, edng menh, cdng sinh d y g c the hien rat rd net trong le h i i nay. Tren manh d i t ma vj Anh hting sinh ra va ldn len, ngudi dan ty nguyen ehung tay lam gid, khing tinh tean thiet han. Ai ed ctia gdp ciia, ai cd stfc gdp sire. Cd gia dinh mIy ddi d i u thay nhau d i n phue vu l i gid eu Nguyin theo kieu "cha truyin con noi".
Tin ngudng thd Nguyin Trung Tryc d tinh Long An da tao ra met he thing cac gia trj van hda tieu bieu, lam thda man nhu c l u van hda tinh t h i n , giao due truyin t h i n g , e i k i t va biiu dyang sire manh cdng d i n g , hudng v i cdi nguin, tap ra mdi trudng sang tap va hudng thij van hda, bap t i n va phat huy ban s i c van hda dan tdc, gdp phIn thtie d l y kinh t i , xa hdi phat triin. Vi vay chinh quyin c l n tao diiu kien d i nhan dan bao t i n tin ngydng thd Nguyin Trung Trye, lam che nhirng gia trj van hda dac s i c ciia tin ngudng t i i p tue song hanh treng ddi s i n g hien nay. D
CHU THICH
'" Theo Paulin Vial trong tSc pham Nhirng nim diu tien * Nam Ky, anh hiing dan tpc Nguyin Trung Tryc khi bi bat v4 ttr hinh Itic 30 tuoi (1868) vjy ong sinh nam 1938. Tuy nhidn trong 7"?p chi Nghi6n ciru Lich sir, so 5/1983, nha nghiSn ciru Cao Tir Thanh vi Hujnh Ngpc Trang Si lim ra qui quSn cua anh hting dSn tSc Nguyin Trung Tru'c vi dutrc biet ong sinh nam 1939 (vl ngSy xira tInh theo luoi la). & dSy chting 161 sir dung li^ lieu cOa hai nha nghiin ciru tren va can cir theo h6 so di lich quoc gia Vam Nh^rl Tao nSm 1996.
<" Nguyen Chti lich Hoi VSn hpc - Nghe thuat tinh Kiin Giang.
1" Ket qua diln da l i gio anh hirng dan toe Nguyin Trung True lan 149 nam 2014 va lan thir 160 nam 2018.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so 9 (241) 201S TAI LIEU TRICH D A N
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