TAP Cll CONG TIEldKG
TONG QUAN VE LOGISTICS NGlJO'C
• N G U Y I N HUY TUAN - LE TAN B J U
T 6 M TAT:
Bai \ iei nghien cihi long quan ve logistics ngi/dc tren ccf scl chpn Ipc mot each c6 h^ th6'ng cdc tai lieu da cong bo. trong do chu trpng phan tich cdc dflc diem cua cue bai danh gid t6ng quan \ c logisiics ngiTpc, phan tich cac npi dung chinh trong cdc nghien cdu tru'dc day. D6ng thdi.baiMeida de xuat mot so ham >' ve khoang trong cung nhtf djnh hu'dng nghidn ciJu tiep theo ve logistics ngu'dc.
Ket qua nghien ciJu cho thay logistics ngildc di/Pc khai thdc khong chi ddp iJng y6u cau v^
van de bao ve moi tnrdng ma qua d6 doanh nghiep c6 the tim kiem ldi ich kinh letd hoat dOng nay. Logistics ngiTdc se phal huy dt/dc hieu qua tot hdn trong stf xem xet ciing vdi chuoi cung ii'ng khep kin, chuoi cung u'ng xanh va chuoi cung i?ng ben vifng.
Tif khoa; Logistics ngUdc. chuoi cung d'ng ben vffng, chuoi cung u'ng khep kin. chuoi cung Ii'ng xanh.
l.Gidi thi^u
Nghien cu'u lap irung xem \cl long quan ve logisiics ngu'dc trong nhiing nam gan day. bdi logistics ngu'dc ngiiy cang the hien vai tro quan trong khong chi trong chuoi cung u'ng khep kin, ma cdn la mpt trong nhflng khia canh dang chu > trong quiin h' chuoi cung iJng xanh \a ben vffng (Govindanva cpng Slf. 201."^)
O lhe k\ XX. \ao nhffng nam 1970 da xua't hien nhffng ihual ngff nhif kenh ngffdc. dong ngu'dc trong c.K- iai Iicu khoa hoc va phan ldn lien quan den van dc tdi che (Guitlinan A: Nuoko\e. 1975). Trong ihap nien 80. djnh nghia logistics ngu'dc dffdc dffa ra irong hoi canh xuat hien cic luong djch chuyen sJn pham di theo hu'dng ngffdc so vdi cac Iu6ng truyen tho'ng Irong chuoi cung ffng. luc nay logistics ngffdc dffdc hieu la di theo dffdng sin pham hdng (Lambert & SUKk. I'lSl). Vao cud'i nhffng nam 1990. Rogcis \a Tibben-Lembke (1999} cung da dffd ra dinh nghTa \a nhan dffdc nhieu so'quan tam.
dd la "Logistics ngffdc la qua h-inh lap ke' hoaeh, thu'c hien va kiem sodt mot cdch co hieu quS v&
mang lai ldi nhuan cdc ddng nguyen vat lieu, san pham dd dang, thanh pham va nhffng thong tin lien quan tff diem tieu thu tdi diem xua't xff nhdm muc dich thu lai gid tri hoae xff ly mpt cdch hdp ly".
Nhin chung, ly thuyet logistics ngffdc c6 mflt qua trinh phdt trien theo thdi gian gdn lien vdi siJ phat trien cua nen kinh te hoi nhap mang tinh to^n cau. Nhan thffc di/dc vai tro quan trpng cua logistics nguOc tren phifdng dien iy luan va thffc tien trong cupc cdch mang cong nghiep lan thff tff. Nghien cu'u nay cho thay viec xem xet cd the thong v% logistics ngifdc luc nay la can thie't. vl qua do gop phan ISm rd hien (rang nhffng van d6 cua logistics ngffdc da difdc giai quye't \ a kip thdi, kham pha nhffng cd hoi mdi cho^ nghien cffu tiep theo. bdt kip vdi nhu c^u phat trien khong ngffng trong ITnh \ ^rc san xuat vh kinh doanh thifdng mai theo hffdng hr . nhap kinh le quoc le.
76 So 8-Thang 4/2020
KINH IE
2. Phifdng phap nghian cii'u 2.1. Thu thgp tdi lif u sdbg
Thdi gian thu thap tai lieu: Thdng 9/2018 de'n thdng 12/2019.
Nguon dff lieu: Cac bai bao da dffdc cong bo' (ca iic'ng Viet \a tie'ng Anh) ve logistic ngffdc trong thdi gian tff thdng 01/2018 den 12/2019 tren cac website, Tap chi khoa hoc trong va ngodi nffdc, Google Scholar. Viec tim kie'm cung dffdc cap nhat djnh ky vi sff xua't hien an pham cong bo mdi.
Qud trinh tim kie'm tai lieu sd bg cho thay phan ldn cac lhi lieu dffdc thu thap la cdc cong trinh khoa hpc tff nffdc ngoai va ngon ngff hSng ti6'ng Anh la pho bien.
Dieu ndy chffng to chu de logistics ngifdc va cac van de lien quan (chuoi cung u'ng xanh. chuoi cung ffng ben vffng) van cdn nhieu cd hpi dc tie'p tuc phdt trien nghien cffu tren phffdng
di^n khoa hpc vd tliffc tiln tai Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay,
Kct qua thu thap tdi li6u tai bffdc nay gom 325 lai lieu nffdc ngoai va 21 tai lieu trong nffdc co lien quan den logistics ngffdc.
2.2. Chgn lgc tdi lifu Tieu chi chpn Igc tai lieu:
Bffdc 1 - Chpn theo tff khoa: Tai lieu phai co it nhiil mpt trong cdc iff khda: reverse logistics, cloose-loop supply chain, green supply chain, sustainable supply chain xud't hi^n trong tieu de.
torn tilt hodc tff khda. Ket qua cuoi cting cdn 189 tai lieu dffdc giff lai (trong do cd 178 tai lieu ngoai nffdc \a 11 tai lifu trong nffdc). Ngi dung toan van Clia Clic lai lieu giff lai nay dddc tim kie'm de tai xuong.
Bffdc 2 - Chgn lpc cac bai bdo xua't ban dffdc cdng b6' tren cac tap chi khoa hoc uy tin dffdc phat hanh djnh ky. Ket qua cdn 157 tai lieu dffdi dang bai viet toan van (trong do co 146 bdi viet ngoai nffdc vd 11 bai viet trong nffdc) dffdc sff dung cho bffdc ddnh gia lai Heu d ngi dung tiep theo.
2.3. Ddnh gid tdi lifu
Kiem tra cheo cac lai lieu cdn lai de dam bao do
tin cay cua qud trinh tim kiem va lira chgn tai lieu nghien cffu. dong thdi kiem ira vdi he tho'ng Tap chi thugc danh muc SCOPUS. ISI de bo sung vai tai lieu con thieu. Cdc tai lieu phiJ hdp la cdc tai lieu cd lien quan vdi chii de logistics ngu'dc, chudi cung ffng khep kin. chuoi cung ffng xanh, chudi cung ffng ben vffng. Cuo'i cung cho ra ket qua con 90 tai lieu (trong do cd 83 bai viel ngoai nu'dc vd 7 bdi vie't trong nffdc) dffdc lffa chgn sff dung cho cac bffdc phan tich tie'p theo. (Hinh 1).
Hinh I: Phdn bo tai lieu difdc Itfa chgn qua cac nam
I ; I ; ^; • 11
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Kel qua Hinh 1 cho thay 90 tai heu lien quan de'n logstics ngffdc dffdc cong bo' nhieu trong giai doan tff ndm 2008 de'n ndm 2013, giai doan 2014 - 2018 it dffdc nghien cffu vd tang trd lai d ndm 2019.
Tru'dc xu hu'dng do, viec ke thffa va bo sung them cac cong trinh nghien cffu lien quan de'n logisiics ngifdc luc nay la can thie't de ba't kip vdi nhffng thay doi kinh te trong thdi dai cugc cdch mang cong nghiep lan thff Iff.
3. Ke't qua nghidn cii'u tong quan 3.1. Phan tich dgc diem ciia cdc bdi ddnh gid tdng quan ve logistics ngtfdc
Giai doan 2008 - 2019, cd 15 nghien cffu tiS'n hanh danh gid long quan cdc chu de lien quan den logistics ngffdc, tuy nhien khong co nhieu nghien cffu ddnh gid toan dien va dong thdi ve logistics ngffdc. chuoi cung ffng khep kin, chuoi cung ffng ben vffng. chuoi cung ffng xanh.
Theo thd'ng ke tai Bang 1. bai bao cua Pokharel
& Muiha (2009) va Sasikumar & Kannan (2009) de cap phan tich kha da> du ve ITnh vffc logistics ngffdc. tuv nhien deu cd pham vi thdi gian tong quan trffdc nam 2008. Pokharel va Mutha (2009) chi CO ea'na dffa ra iffa chpn cac bai bdo lot nha't
So 8 - T h a n g 4/2020 77
TAP Cll CiNG TimillG
Bat\g 1. Bgc diein cua cac bdi tdng quan
TT racglanamc6ngb5 ; U-nhvMot6ngquan j Ph^mvltgngquan TDd. gian tong quan S5TLTK
Sasikumar va Kannan
! (2008a) Logistics ngUpc
Phue hoi san pham h^t
vong ddi va quan ly tdn Den nam 2008 kho
Sasikumar va Kannan 'l (2008b)
Logistics ngupc Rubio. Chamon-o, va
Miranda (2008)
Phan phdi ngUdc Quan tn hoat dong san xuat
Den nam 2
1995-2005
Pokharel va MuOia.
^ (2009) Akgaly.^etinkaya.va
^ #sler(2009) Sasikumar va Kannan
^ ' (2009) Chanintrakulvacgng
^ , 51,1(2009)
8 llginvaGupta(2010)
1 loan bOfTnh vyc logistics ngupc
LogisticsngU(?cvachuffl | MdhlnhthiStkem^ng ognnam2i cung dng khep kin lUdi | Logistics ngupc
Logistics ngupc
Toan bO linh vyc logistics ngupc
Thiet ke mang ludi 2000-2008
Logistics nguoc va chuoi cung ling khep kin
San xuat cdy thdc den mdi tmdng va phue hoi san pham Chan, Yin. va Chan
, (2010)
San xuat dung thdi han Bg,nam2009 va logistics ngupc
AkgalyvaQetinkaya (2011) JayantvacongsU (2012) Carrasco-Gallegova cpng SM (2012) Agrawal. Singh, va Murtaza(2015)
Logistics nguoc va chu6i cung dng khep kin
I Mo hinh dinh ludng cho , hogch dinh ton kho va I hoaeh d|nh san xuSl Logistics ngupc Hau hSt cac Hnh vffc
' logistics ngupc Logistics ngupc va chuoi
cung dng khep kin Nghien cdu tinh huong
egn nam 2009
Logistics nguoc Cac khia canh ve logistics ngupc Govindan va cdng sU
(2015)
Logistics nguoc va chuoi cung dng khep in
Toan bg Imh vyc logistics ngupc va chuoi cung ling khep kin K. T S. Dias, Braga, , . , _ , LTnh vuc logistics
\ . , Logistics nguoc trong ^.,. ,, .
15 Stiva. va Satoio, ^^^^^^ [,^p | | "9U0c doi voi nganh 2007-2016 (2016) banle
Ni-ut'iii. Tdng luip thong ke w
78 So 8 - Thang 4/2020
KINH TE
trong '•0 tat ca cdc an pham dffdc cong bo, do do so Idpng cac tai lieu dffdc tham chieu trong bai bao nay kha thap.
Govindan va cpng sff (2015) nghien cffu kha day dii vdi viec thu thap phan tich 382 bai bao da cong bd' trffdc da\ lien quan de'n ITnh vffc logistics ngifdc vd chuoi cung ffng khep kin, tff do khdm phd va dffa ra nhffng dinh hffdng nghien cffu trong tffdng lai tren nhieu khia canh nhff phffdng phap nghien cffu, giai phdp. mo hinh vd cac bien quye't djnh mdi trong logistics ngffdc va chuoi cung ffng khep kin, Dias va cOngsff(2016)da nghien cffu long quan ve logistics ngffdc trong ngdnh ban le vdi 10 tai lieu dffdc chpn Ipc mpt cdch cd he tho'ng.
Mdc du tff ndm 2016 trd ve sau vdn tie'p tuc co nhieu cong bo trong trong ITnh vffc logistics ngffdc.
nhffng de cd cdi nhin t6ng the va qua do cd the xdc djnh dffdc khoang trd'ng vl cdc hffdng nghien cffu ti6'p theo. can thiet de tdi tao mdt nghien cffu danh gid tdi liCni mdi dffa tren cdc cdng bo gan day trong Imh vffc logistics ngifdc.
3.2. Phan logi vd ngi dung chinh trong cdc cong bdlien quan de'n logistics ngiidc
Do logistics ngffdc khong chi cd vai trd quan irpng trong chuoi cung ffng khep kin ndi chung {Govindan va cpng sff, 2015) ma con dffdc xem la kh(a canh lien quan chdt che den chuoi cung ffng hen vffng (Gupta va Palsule-Desai, 2011) vd chuoi cung ffng xanh (Srivastava, 2007). Hinh 2 md lh phan phd'i cac bdi bdo theo cdc phan loai chinh ndy.
Nhff da de cap ban dau, tac gia tdp trung tim hi6'u cdc va'n de lien quan de'n logistics ngffdc gom 4 ITnh vffc chinh: (I) Logistics ngffdc, (2) chudi cung
ffng khep kin. (3) chudi cung ffng xanh. va (4) chudi cung ffng ben vffng. Ket qua cho tha'y chij de logistics ngffdc nhdn dffdc sff quan tam kha ldn vdi 49 tai lieu dffdc thu thap. Tie'p theo !a chuoi cung ffng khep kin vdi 24 lai lieu, chuoi cung ffng xanh la lOtdilieuva chudi cung ffng ben vffng la 7 tdi lieu.
Mac dil cd the phdn dinh cdc tdi lieu nghien cffu theo cdc ITnh vffc khde nhau, tuy nhien logistics ngffdc lai cd moi quan he chat che vdi chu5i cung ffng khep kin, chudi cung ffng xanh vd chuoi cung ffng ben vffng. Bdi thffc cha't logistics ngifdc Id mdt phan cua chudi cung ffng khep kin. do dd viec phat huy hieu qua logistics ngffdc se gop phan dat dffdc muc tieu cua chudi cung ffng khep kin, ddp ffng dffdc cdc yeu cdu cua chuoi cung ffng xanh vi gdp phdn bao ve mdi trffdng. giai quye'l dffdc cdc vd'n de xd hpi de dat dffdc mot chudi cung ffng ben vffng.
3.3. Cdc khia cgnh ldi ich cua logistis ngU(fc Dffa vao ndi dung cdc tdi lieu cdng bd' ve logistics ngffdc cho thd'y cac tac gia da tie'p can logistics ngffdc theo nhieu khia canh ldi ich khac nhau (Hlnh 3). Theo do. vdi 49 tai lieu de cap trffc tiep de'n ITnh vffc logistics ngifdc dffdc cdng bd' thi CO 11 tai lieu de cap dong thdi den ldi ich kinh te, moi trffdng, canh tranh vd xa hpi. 34 tai lieu de cap den ldi ich kinh te', mdi tru'dng. canh iranh, 42 tai lieu de cap de'n ldi ich kinh te'. moi trffdng. va ca 49 tai lieu de cap de'n ldi ich kinh te cua logistics ngffdc.
Khia canh ldi ich kinh te'va mdi trffdng dffdc cac tde gia quan tam nhieu nha't. trong dd khia canh ldi ich kinh te dl cap de'n viec tang !di nhudn hodc doanh thu va giam chi phi thdng qua viec quan ly logistics ngffdc. Khia canh idi ich moi trffdng de cap Hinh 2: Phan phoi tai lieu theo linh vifc
50 40 30 20 10
I
4 9 24 10Logistics ngugrc Chuoi cung ung Chuoi cung img Chuoi cung img khep kin xanh ben vung
So 8 - Thang 4/2020 79
TAP CHI COKG TlinillG
Hinh 3: Cac khia cgnh Icfi ich cua logisiics ngiJdc
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
4 2
I I ^
3 4 L<7i ich kinh t6 Lgi ich moi L<?i ich canh Lgi ich xa hpitruong tranh den \iec giam tde dong moi trffdng. gidm Iffdng
chd'tthaidoxffly khongphii hdp.
Mpt khia canh ldi ich khac lien quan den pham vi xd hgi bao gom tao ra \ icc lam va tang thu nhap cho ngffdi dan iff cdc hoat dpng cua logisiics ngu'dc.
Cud'i cung la khia canh canh tranh hen quan den sff khac bi0l \ di cJc dd'i thu canh tranh thdng qua thffc thi logisiics ngu'dc de cai thien hinh anh vd danh tie'ng cua doanh nghi?p. Vc nhffng ldi ich dffdc nhiin ihffc thdng qua viec dp dung cdc hoai ddng logistics ngffdc, cac nghien cffu chi ra rdng hoat dpng logisiics ngffdc cd the ke't dnh trong cac khia canh kinh tc. mdi tnfdng. xa hdi va canh tranh.
Dieu na> chffng td nhan thffc ldi ich ciia logisiis ngffdc dffdc c.\c tac gia dUd ra lifdng ffng vdi nhffng gl md lac gia Tibben-Lembke (1998) de cap den trong nghien cffu cua minh. Sff \ u'di trgi cila phffdng phap tiep can \di nhffng ldi ich cua logisiics ngffdc trong cac khia canh kinh te \ a mdi tnrdng dffdc the hien qua ta..- hoat ddng lim kiem ldi nhuan va ddm bao >eu cau phdp ly lien quan den cac van de mdi
trffdng cua cac doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, khia canli kinh te cd sff phffc tap hdn bdi lien quan de'n cdc chi phi phdt sinh iff hoat dpng logistics ngifdc trong vi?c so sanh vdi sff cai thien doanh tliu do thffc thi logistics ngffdc cua doanh nghidp.
Cdc chi phi phat sinh tff hoat ddng logisiics ngffdc cd the ke den bao gom lao ddng, kho chffa hang tra lai. mdy mdc vd thiet bi, nifdc, ndng lffdng vd cdc chi phi khac phat sinh trong qua trinh xiJlJ cdc san pham tra lai tff khach hang. Do do, phan ldn cac tde gia nghien cffu deu nhan dinh can thiet phii thffc hien cac nghien cffu chuyen sau trong pham vi tai chinh ciia logistics ngffdc ctia cac doanh nghiep bdn le nidi cd the xac dinh dffdc kha nang tao ra Ipi ich kmh te'cua logistics ngffdc.
3.4. Logistics ngUdc theo cdc giai dogn trong chuoi eung ling
Difa tren tai lieu dffdc cdng bd', logistics ngffdc theo cac giai doan tiep can dffdc the hien lai B3ng 2. Ke't qud cho tha'y phan ldn cdc nghien cffu tdp trung lie'p can nhieu hdn dd'i vdi logisiics ngifdc Bdng 2. Logistics ngUcfc theo c a c giai dogn tiep c a n
Giai doan tiep c$n
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1 Logistics nguoc trong mdt chuoi tong the ndi chung 2 Logisiics nguoc tii khach hang tieu diing den nha ban le 3 Logistics nguoc til nha san xuat den nha cung irng cap dau vao 4 Logisdcs ngupc Id nha ban le den nha ban si/nha san xuat 5 Logistics ngupc tu nha ban si den nha cung cap/nha san xuat
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Ngudn: 1 ilii-i hop ti •I lic'-iinghienciiii
80 So 8-Thong 4/2020
KINH TE
trong mpt chuoi long th^ xuat tff khdch hang tieu dDng ngffdc dan ve nhd cung cd'p. Trong khi dd. cd it nghien cffu chuyen sau theo tffng giai doan trong chuoi logisiics ngffdc. chdng han nhtf logistics ngffdc trong giai doan iff khdch hdng tieu dimg den nhd bdn le; Giai doan tff nha bdn le den nhd ban si/
nhd cung ca'p/ nhd san xua't; Giai doan tff nha bdn si de'n nhd cung ca'p/nha san xua't; Giai doan tff nhd sin xual de'n nhd cung ffng nguyen vdt lieu dau vdo. Nghien cffu ndy cho tha'y viec xem xet rieng hoat dpng logistics ngffdc trong moi giat doan se cho ph6p giai quye't va'n de logistics ngffdc mdt cdch cu the. chi tiet va dieu nay se lam cho kha ndng thffc thi td't hdn.
4. Ham y nghian cvtu
Thdng qua viec nghien cffu tong quan cho tha'y logistics ngffdc dd dffdc de cap va giai quye't tff nhieu tac gia tren the gidi ve mat ly luan vd thffc lien. Ben canh dd, cdc khia canh lien quan de'n logistics ngffdc cung dffdc nghidn cffu, dd Id chuoi cung ffng khdp kin (bao ham cd logistics xudi vd logistics ngffdc Irong mdt chu Irinh khep kin), chudi cung ffng xanh vd chudi cung ffng ben vffng. Qua qua trinh nghien cffu tong quan nay, tac gid cho tha'y day la mdt va'n de rdng thu hiit nhieu sff chii y cua cac nha nghien cffu trong sud't nhieu nam qua.
Tuy nhien van cdn nhffng khoang trd'ng can dffdc nghien cffu giai quye't trong logistics ngffdc. day Cling chinh Id cd hoi cho hffdng nghien cffu tie'p theo Irong ITnh vffc ndy bao gom:
Tlui nhdi. hoal dgng logisiics ngffdc cd diem xual phdt tff khdch hang tieu dung cuo'i ciing vdi nhieu ly do tra lai san pham cho nha bdn le, dieu ndy dan tdi nhd bdn le thffdng xuyen phai dd'i mat vdi cdc quye't dinh trong logistics ngu'dc. Gan lien vdi nhd bdn le trong chudi ngffdc do la cac dd'i tffdng lien quan trffc tiep \ a gidn tie'p bao gom nhd bdn si, nhd cung ca'p. nhd san xud't. Cdc dd'i tffdng ndy tde dgng lan nhau trong qua trinh giai quye't cdc van dc lien quan de'n logistics ngffdc.
Do dd. viec xem \ei boat ddng logistics ngffdc chi) tffng dd'i Iffdng nghien cffu la nhd ban si. nha cung edp. nhd san xua't cung dtfdc xem la nhffng hffdng nghien cffu cd the thffc hien de ldm sang to cdc cdu hdi ddt ra nhff: Hoat dong logistics ngffdc bao gom nhffng hoat dpng cu the ndo? Lam the' nao de danh gid kha nang thffc thi loaistics nsffdc ciia
nha ban le. nha bdn si. nha cung cap, hodc nhd san xua't trong qua trinh hoat dpng.
Tlni hai. ke't qua nghien cffU tong quan cung cho thdy chu'a cd nhieu nghien cffu thffc nghiem de cap dong thdi ca mdi tnfdng ben trong vd ben ngodi anh hffdng de'n hoat ddng logistics ngffdc ciia doanh nghiep. Theo dd, cdu hdi dat ra la cac nhdn td' thugc mdi tnfdng ben trong \ a mdi tru'dng ben ngodi. gom nhffng nhdn to' gi vd chiing cd md'i quan he nhff the' nao vdi thffc thi logistics ngifdc va ke't qua kinh te' cua doanh nghiep. Dieu nay cung md ra mdt hffdng nghien cffu dep theo trong ITnh vffc ndy.
Thd ba. cac nghien cffu dd dffdc cdng bd' trffdc ddy lien quan de'n logistics ngffdc dd gidi quye'l nhieu va'n de rdng ldn dffng tren quan diem cua boat dpng san xua't nhu' hoat dpng san xuii't xanh, san xud't than thien vdi moi trffdng va san xud't ben vffng. Tuy nhien, vdn cdn it nghien cffu logistics ngffdc tie'p can cu the dffdi quan diem marketing.
Tde gid cho rdng thffc cha't cua hoat ddng logistics ngu'dc la hffdng tdi dap ffng, thda man cdc yeu cau rdng bugc ciia cac ben hffu quan nhff cd quan chinh phu, nhd cung cap, khdch hang vd dd'i thii canh tranh. Suy cho cung cung Id lam cho khdch hdng tin tffdng. hai ldng dd'i vdi boat ddng logistics ngffdc ciia doanh nghiep, tff do thu hul khdch hang mua hang nhieu hdn, lam cho khach hdng trung thdnh vdi cac san pham md doanh nghiep cung cd'p. Do dd, cau hoi ma tac gid dat ra d ddy Id: Dffdi quan diem marketing thi nhdn td'cu the ndo cd kha nang anh hffdng de'n thffc thi logistics ngffdc cac doanh nghiep.
Thd tu, cic nghien cffu ve logistics ngffdc dffdc tim thd'y nhi^u d cac qud'e gia nffdc ngoai, nhffng ft dffdc thffc hien tai thj tnrdng Viet Nam. Nghien cffu ndy cho thd'y trong xu the hdi nhap sdu rdng vdi the'gidi, vdi thi trffdng cd sffc hut nhieu dd'i tac kinh doanh rrong vd ngodi nu'dc, hoat dpng kinh doanh ngdy cang trd nen sdi ddng, dac biet la trong ITnh vi/c kinh doanh ban le hang dien tff, nhff: Dien thoai di ddng. mdy dnh. may vi tinh, li vi, tli lanh, may gidt. va nhieu cdc loai mat hang dien tff khac.
Do dd. hoat ddng logistics ngffdc tai Viet Nam can dffdc quan tdm de phdt trien hdn nffa trong moi trffdng canh tranh mang tinh toan cau. Day la mdt hffdng md cho viec nghien cffu chuyen sdu ve ITnh So 8 - T h a n g 4/2020 81
IAP Cll C8NG TltfOHG
\iic logistics ngu'dc tai thi tnfdng \ i e t Nam trong thdi gian idi. dac biet vdi doanh nghiep kinh doanh cdc mdt hang dien tff dang trong xu hifdng ngd\
ciing phdt I'icn \d hdi nhap qudc le 5. Ke't lu^n
Vd>. thdng qua viec tap hdp. ddnh gid mdt each cd he thd'ng, nghien cffu nay da sff dung 90 cdc tdi lieu irong giai doan iff nam 2008 de'n ndm 2019dedffa vao phdn tich nham lamrd tong quan
\ e logistics ngifdc. Ke'i qua cho thd'y logistics ngirdc da nhandffdcsff quan tam ciia nhieu tde gia ircn the gidi, do do nhieu vd'n de ve logistics ngffdc dd dffdc giai quye't trong sud't thdi gian qua Sff Idn manh ciia logistics ngu'dc gdn lien vdi sff phdt trien cila chudi cung ffng khep kin. chuoi cung ffng xanh vd chuoi cung ffng ben vffng.
Logistics ngu'dc du'de khai thac khdng chi dap ffng yC'ii cau ve van de bao ve mdi trffdng. ma qua dd doanh nghiep d.l cd sff thay doi ro ndt \ e mat nhdn thffc trong vice ilm kie'm ldi ich kinh te thdng qua thffc thi logisiics ngffdc. Nhieu tac gia dd chi ra rdng. \ iec triC-n khai logisiics ngu'dc mpt cdch cd hi^u qua can cd cdc giai phdp cu the trong cac boat dpng thu gom. tdi che. tdi san xud't. cung nhff xff ly phe thai. Dieu nay sc giiip doanh nghiep ndng cao dffdc ldi nhuan. giam chi phi qudn h' cdng nhff chi phi ton kho. cii thien du'de sff hdi long cua khach hdng cung nhff gia tdng hinh anh Clia doanh nghiep tren thi tru'dng.
Logistics ngffdc dffdc xem Id mdt ndi dung quan trpng trong chudi cung ffng kh^p kin, do dd doanh nghiep mud'n thifc thi logisiics ngffdc dat kci qua cao ddi hoi phai xem \ci logistics ngffdc trong mdt chudi cung ffng khep kin. Ben canh dd.
doanh nghiep cung can quan tam den chuoi cung ffng xanh vl hffdng tdi muc lieu vo mdi trffdng.
Ngodi ra. iogistics ngffdc se phat buy dffi?c hi^u qua td't hdn trong sff xem \et \ di chudi cung ffng ben vffng.
Nghien cffu ky vpng gdp phan giiip cdc doanh nghiep nhan thffc sdu sac hdn vai tro ciia logistics ngffdc trong hoat ddng kinh doanh ciia minh, d^c biet la do'i vdi cdc doanh nghiep bdn le. Bdi cdc doanh nghiep nay thffdng xuyen dd'i mat vdi cdc quye't dinh logistics ngffdc do nhu cau tra lai sun pham ngay cdng tang cua ngffdi tieu dCing vdi nhieu ly do khac nhau. Nghien cffu ciing manh dan de xud't mot sd'hffdng nghien cffu tiep theo.
Cdc nhd nghien cffu cd the lie'p can, khdm phd logistics ngffdc cua mdi giai doan trong chuoi tdng the xua't tff khdch hdng tieu diing ngffdc d^n ve nhil cung ca'p. Chang han nhff logisiics ngffdc trong giai doan tff khdch hang tieu dung de'n nha bdn 1^, giai doan tff nha bdn le de'n nha ban si/ nha cung cd'p/
nhd san xud't, giai doan tff nha ban si de'n nhd cung ca'p/nha sanxua't, giai doan tff nha san xua't den nhd cung ffng nguydn vdt lieu dau vao.
Ben canh dd, cdc nha nghien cffu cd thi tim hieu chuyen sau boat ddng logistics ngffdc cfla nhd ban le, nhd ban si, nha san xua'l, hodc nh^
cung edp cac ye'u td'dau vao. Ngoai ra, cd the tiep cii n cdc quan diem marketing trong viec phat trien nghien cffu logistics ngifdc. Nhdm tac gia thifc hien bdi vie't nay ciing ky vgng ngay cang cd nhieu cong trinh nghien cffu ve logistics ngffdc tai thi tru'dng qud'e gia Viet Nam vl dieu nay Id c^n thie'l trong xu the hdi nhdp sau rpng vdi nen kinh te todn cau •
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TAP CBt CONE THKONG
Nga\ nhdn bai: 26/3/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chffa: 6/4/2020 Ngay chap nhSn ddng bai: 16/-1/2020 Tliong nn tac gid:
1. NGL'VEN HUV TU.4N Trffdng Dai hoc Duy Tan 2. LE T.AN BL'L
Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te'TP. Ho Chi Minh
AN OVERVIEW ON REVERSE LOGISTICS
• NGUYEN HUY TUAN Duy Tan University
• LE TAN BUU
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
This literature review is to study re\erse logistics by systematically reviewing published documents, focusing on analyzing the characteristics of reviews and the main contents of previous studies on the reverse logistics. This literature reviews also proposes some implications for the gap as well as directions for further researches on the reverse logistics.
This literature review finds that the implementation of the reverse logistics is not only help businesses meet requirements of environmental protection but also gain other economic benefils. The reverse logistics would bring greater benefits when it is exploited along with closed supply chains, green supply chains and sustainable supply chains.
Keywords: Reverse logistics, sustainable supply chain, closed supply chain, green supply chain.
84 So 8 - T h d n g 4/2020
