TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Huynh Le Phu^yng Cff
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE - TPR (PHU'O'NG PHAP PHAN XA TOAN THAN) TRONG VIEC DAY TIENG ANH CHO THIEU NHI
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE (TPR) IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS HUYNH LE PHI/0'NG CO^'^
TOM TAT: Vdi xu hudng todn cdu hda, gidng dgy tiing Anh cho thieu nhi dang dugc quan tdm nhieu tren todn the gidi. Dgy tieng Anh cho thiiu nhi hodn todn khdc vdi dgy tieng Anh cho ngudi lan. Trang bi cho bdn thdn nhirng phuang phdp thich hgp nhdt de dgy thieu nhi la nhu cdu cua cdc gido vien dgy tieng Anh. Bdi viet tap trung vdo nhung net ndi bgt cua phuang phdp gidng dgy Total Physical Response - TPR (tgm dieh: Phuang phdp Phdn Xa Todn Thdn) nhdm gidi thich tgi sao phuang phdp ndy dugc xem Id phuang phdp thich hgp de dgy cho thieu nhi. Bdi viet cdn trinh bdy nhiing hogt ddng cua phuang phdp phdn xa todn thdn diing trong lap hgc cUng nhu ky thudt dgy tieng Anh thiet thuc cho thieu nhi khi sir dung phuang phdp ndy nhdm giup cho gido vien, dgc biet nhimg gido vien chua cd nhieu kinh nghiem gidng dgy hieu qud han.
Tir khda: phuang phdp phdn xg todn thdn; thieu nhi van dpng todn thdn; hogt ddng TPR.
ABSTRACT: With the trend of globalization, teaching English to young learners has been gaining much attention all over the world. Teaching English to young learners is completely different from teaching English to adults. Looking for the most appropriate methods is a demand of English teachers. This article focuses on the highlights of Total Physical Response (TPR) teaching method to explain why it is considered a suitable one to teach young learners. The article also presents TPR activities as well as practical techniques lo teach young learners in order to help teachers, especially novice teachers who want to teach young learners more effectively.
Key words: total Physical Response; young learners; body movement; TPR activities.
1. MO'DAU tiing Anh nhu ty chgn, tdng eudng, Thdi gian gdn ddy, dgy tiing Anh eho Cambridge, DynEd. Nhung ngudi thilt kl thilu nhi d Viet Nam dang la xu hudng chuong trinh tiing Anh eho thilu nhi cung phat triln nhanh. Ngoai ede trung tdm Anh nhu cua giao vien deu mong mudn tim ra ngQ-, cac trudng mdu giao tu thuc hay ede phuang phap nao la hieu qua nhat. Trong trudng mdu gido nha nude deu cd chuong cae phuong phap dgy tieng Anh eho thieu trinh tiing Anh danh cho lira tudi dudi 5. nhi, phuong phdp Total Physical Response Trudng tilu hpe eung ed cac ehuong trinh - vilt tdt TPR (tam dieh: Phuang phap Phdn '•' ThS. Trudng Dai hgc Van Lang, [email protected]. vn, Ma s6: TCKHl0-03-2018
101
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC V A N LANG S6 11, Thing 9-2018
xg toan than) duge eho la phuong phdp uu viet va todn dien. Phuong phap nay giup eho eac em nhd tilp xiic vdi ngoai ngii mgt each tu nhien, thoai mdi, "choi ma hpc".
Trudc khi di sau vao phuong phdp ndy, phdn tilp theo sg ban vl nhung dgc thii ndi bdt eiia thidu nhi trong hpe tap.
2. NHUNG 0 ^ C THU CUA THIEU NHI TRONG HOC TA^P
Theo Slaterry vd Willis [9, tr.4] thilu nhi chia lam 2 ddi tugng: dudi 7 tudi vd 7- 12 tudi. Tinh edeh eiia hai cap dp tudi nay cd mpt sd diim khdc nhau nhung cac em nhd cd chung nhiing tinh each nhu dp tap trung ehii y ngdn, hieu ddng, ddy ndng lugng, khdng ngdi yen - ddc biet cde em dudi 7 tudi, ed tinh td md hay ddt cdu hdi, tri tudng tugng phong phii; ed dc sang tgo, kha ndng bdt ehudc, khd nang nghe chinh xac cao; hpc theo each gian tiep, thich hge hdi thdng qua trd ehoi, van dpng, lap rap;
nhgn thiic thdng qua nghe nhin va tilp xiic.
Ngoai ra, tre rdt thich giao tilp va ndi chuyen vdi ngudi khde.
Trong viee hge ngoai ngii, thilu nhi hgc hoan toan khae ngudi Idn. Opp- Beekman va Klinghammer [5, tr.l23] nhdn dinh tre em can cd co hdi de vgn ddng trong gid hgc vd de vui choi. Trong khi choi, tre hgc va thyc tap nhiing ky ndng xd hpi nhu giao tilp va ky nang ngdn ngii.
Tre em cd tinh td md va sdn sdng hpc them ngdn ngu' khde. Vi nhiing khd ndng nhdn thiic dang phat tri§n nen tre hgc ngdn ngfl- theo each tdng qudt se dl dang hon Id hpc nhung quy tdc ve ngdn ngii. Va vi dang trong giai doan phat tridn nhung quy tde ve tieng me dl nen tre cd kha nang tgo ra quy tdc eho ngdn ngii thii hai khi ehiing sii
dung. Va cung vi k5* ndng nhdn thirc va van dgng dang phat trien, tre em co kj^
ndng ndi tdt ban ky ndng dge vilt, nSn giao vien cd the diing didm mgnh nay ii day ngoai ngCr eho tre. Tuy nhien, dilu nay ddi hdi viec Idp di lap lai vd loi hudng dSn Cling phai rd rang.
3. NHUNG DIEM NOI B^T CUA FHU'OTVG PHAP PHAN XA TOAN THAN (TPR)
Theo Richards va Rogers [7, tr.73], phuang phap phdn xa toan than la mpt trong nhung phuong phdp dgy ngdn ngQ duge xay dyng dya vdo sy ket hgp giua ngdn ngu^ va boat dgng the ehdt; phucmg phap ndy nhdm den viec dgy ngdn ngii thdng qua vdn dpng. Phuang phdp nay do gido su tien sT tdm ly hge James J Asher thudc Trudng Dgi hgc San Jose, California phdt triln tir thdp nien 60, nhdm muc dieh giiip ngudi hgc edm nhdn ngdn ngii thii hai bode ngoai ngii mdt each ty nhien hon va de nhd hon. Theo Asher [1] ngudi hpc khdng bdt huge phai ndi trong khi thuc hien cac hogt ddng tay chdn, chinh vi vay phuong phap ndy khdng gay cdng thang va phii hgp de day cho ngudi mdi bat ddu hpc ngoai ngii ciing nhu cho tre em.
Trong phuong phdp nay, viec hpc ngdn ngit ciing tuong ty nhu viec mgt dira tre cam nhgn tiing me de: nghe hieu trudc rdi mdi noi;
va didng thudng dura tre nghe hilu trudc khi chung bilt ndi khodng chimg 1 nam [1]; su tuong tae giiia phu huynh va tre em thudng mang hinh thiie Idi ndi eiia phy huynh, sau do la phdn xa toan thdn ciia dira h^. Cii chi dieu bd nen duge kit hgp vdi nghe hilu nhdm tdng kha ndng nhd Idu; ndo bg xii ly thdng tin nhanh hon va chdp nh|n thdng tin dang tin cay
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Hu^'nh L£ Phuyng Cff do khi nghe hilu trudc va tilp theo la van
ddng (hge bdng ndo phdi), khdng cdn ndi hoac djch (hpc bdng nao hai); ngudi hoe nen im Idng de khdng gay ra viee qua tdi eho bd nao (Brain Overload); bdng vipc dap lgi menh lenh bang eu chi, dieu bd md khdng diing Idi ndi, ngudi hpc tilp thu ngdn ngii- mdi (ngii dm hpc, tir vung, ngtr phdp, ngit nghTa) ciing mpt luc md Jdidng cdn phdn tich. Mdt khi ngudi hpc da hilu, ngudi day cd thi dimg ky ndng tren de chuyen sang vimg Broca cua nao bd trai vdi nhirng bdi tgp truyin thdng nhu ndi, dpc, viet. Rdi sau dd lai quay vl vimg ndo bd phai vdi nhieu hoat dgng eua phuang phap phan xa todn than hon de ngudi hgc hilu mdt vi du khdc, va tilp tue diing sy hilu bilt dd chuyin sang ndi, dgc, vilt [1].
Phuong phdp phan xg todn than dugc diilt ke dya tren ba n^ydn tae hge tidng me de cua tre nhd: 1) n ^ e hieu trudc rdi mdi ndi; 2) hgc ngdn ngit kit hgp vdi van ddng eo thi; 3) ky nang nghe ehuan bi eho diia tre tap ndi [7, tr.74].
Phuong phdp phan xg toan than hiiu hipu nhat trong nhung giai dogn ddu hge ngdn ngii.
Tuy nhien, phuang phap phdn xa toan than
nen duge sii dung kit hgp vdi nhung phuang phdp hay ky thudt khdc vi that ra phuong phap phan xa todn than dgi dien cho tap hgp nhiing ky thuat hiiu dyng tuong hgp vdi nhung each tilp can khac trong giang day [7, tr.79].
Theo Opp-Beekman vd Klinghammer [5, tr.l27], dde thii eiia phuang phdp phdn xa toan than frong viee giang day ngdn ngii Id: 1) giao vien dimg dang lenh dieu khidn de day ngdn ngO'; 2) lenh dieu khien duge kit hgp vdi van ddng the chdt nham chuyen tdi y nghTa ciia trgng tdm ngdn ngii vd giiip nhd Idu hon; 3) ngudi hgc hidu ngdn ngQ thdng qua thye hdnh nghe vd nhic lgi trude khi hg dugc yeu cdu ndi; 4) ehinh sira la mdt phan ty nhien trong boat ddng; 5) ydu to vui nhdn la phan cdn phai cd frong phuang phap gidng day nay.
Vi du minh hpa: Trong Idp hge tieng Anh thieu nhi - trinh dg mdi bdt ddu, giao vien tgp eho tre ldm quen vdi ede menh lenh don gian thudng diing trong Idp hge nhu dung len (Stand up), ngdi xudng (Sit down), nhin sang phdi {Look to the right), nhin sang trai (Look to the left),...
Cdc budc thuc hien Giao vien
1. Dua ra menh lenh "5toK£/Mp!"va dung len ciing luc; ddng thdi ra hieu eho hge sinh bdt ehudc dirng len theo.
2. Ndi "Sit downl" va ngdi xudng; ddng thdi ra hieu cho hge sinh ldm theo.
3. Lap di lap lai menh lenh "Stand up\", "Sit downl" vd ket hgp vdi ddng tae vai Idn.
4. Them mgt menh lenh mdi '"Look to the right!"
va nhin sang phdi.
5. Lap lgi ba menh Ipnh "Stand up!", "Sit down!",
"Look to the right!" vdi Idn trude khi them menh lenh mdi la "Look to the left!"
Hoc sinh
1. Ldng nghe, quan sat va lam theo menh lenh (diing day).
2. Lang nghe, quan sat va lam the menh lenh (ngdi xudng).
3. Ldng nghe va lam the mdnh lenh (diing len, ngdi xudng).
4. Lang nghe vd bdt ehudc lam theo.
5. Ldng nghe va bdt ehudc lam theo.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG S&ll,Thang9- 2018 Chudi boat ddng duge lap di lap lai vai
Idn nita, va din khi hge sinh nghe quen tai, cdc em vita ndi vira dien dgt bdng cii ehi, dieu bd. D I khdng khi hpc hao himg va vui nhdn hon, giao vien ed thi tang tde do ra menh lenh eung nhu hanh dgng; giao vien quan sdt xem cd hge sinh nao nham lan thi nhic nhd dl hgc sinh dilu ehinh lai dgng tae.
4. Vi SAO PHUOTVG PHAP PHAN XA TOAN THAN DAC BIET PHU HQP DE DAV TIENG ANH CHO TRE EM?
Nhu da dl cgp d trdn, dde thii ciia tre em la hilu dgng, thich di ehuyen, khdng ngoi y6n, day nang lugng, vi vgy trong viee hgc ngogi ngir, Seott va Ytreberg [8, tr.2]
da khang dinh tre hge hdi va nhdn thiic thdng qua nghe, nhin, tiep xiic tay chdn va van ddng. Theo Harmer [3, tr.38], vl tre thich khdm pha va ed tri tudng tugng phong phii nen tre cd thi tham gia tdt vao eac hogt ddng dd vui, ehe tgo dd vat, ve, trd choi, van dpng hoae hat. Rd rang, nhung boat ddng ndy rat huu ich trong viec duy tri ddng CO hpe tap eiing nhu giiip dap ung cdc kieu hpc khde nhau: nhin, nghe va vdn ddng. Hoat ddng ciia phuang phap phdn xa todn than la trd ehoi se phii hgp vdi tre em thich van ddng (Kinaesthetic Children) - cdc em hpc tdt khi van dpng tay chan hoae kit hgp viee ghi nhd vdi hanh ddng. Ngoai ra, phuang phap phdn xa toan than eung phii hgp vdi ddi tugng hpe tryc quan (Visual Leamers) - nhin hanh ddng kit hgp vdi Idi hudng ddn. Khi bai hat duge kit hgp vdi phuong phap phdn xa toan than, tre em la ddi tugng hpc bdng thinh gide (Auditory Leamers) se cd Igi vi tir ngii, nhip dieu bai hat ket hgp vdi van dgng s6 giiip Ire nhd Idu hon. Ndi each khde,
phuang phdp phdn xa toan thdn phii hpp vdi cde kieu hgc ma hdu het tre em cd.
Phuong phdp phan xg toan than khfing nhOng khdng gay eang thdng eho ngudi hgc [7, tr.75], ma thye te cho thdy nhiing hojit ddng ket hgp vdi phuong phap phan xjt toan than nhu trd ehai vgn ddng, bdi hat, k^
chuyen edn tgo sy thieh thii eho tre nho va khidn tre nhiet tinh tham gia vdo hoat dpng hpe trong lop. Nunan [4, tr.29] ciing khang djnh dd la phuong phap dugc diing nhilu de day tieng Anh eho thieu nhi vi phucmg phdp ndy nhdn mgnh den ngii lipu dau vao vd boat dgng the ehat, ehii khdng khong nhdn manh den cdu triie ngii' phap.
Ngodi ra, phuong phap phan xg toan thdn kieh thich hoat dgng eua ca hai ban edu dai nao ciia tre nhd. Phuong phap cua Asher hudng tdi viec hpc bdng ndo phai (hogt ddng tay chdn). Vdi phuong phap nay, ngudi hgc cdm thu ngdn ngii th6ng qua van ddng thay vi ghi nhd tir vung hoge cac quy ludt ngii' phdp. Trong khi tre nho van ddng, bdn cdu dai nao trdi (trong do co hoat ddng lien quan tdi ndi, phan tieh, giai thich) chi quan sat vd hgc hdi. Mdt khi ban edu dai ndo phdi da tiep thu thdng tin mdi, tre se cd the ndi/sii dung duge ngdn ngii - ndi each khdc, bdn cdu dai nao trdi duac kich hogt [7, tr.75].
Mdt ly do khae giai thich tgi sao phuong phdp TPR duge diing nhilu de day tiing Anh eho thilu nhi la phuong phap nay khdng cdn sdch giao khoa. Theo Richards va Rogers [7, tr.77] ddi vdi d6i tugng hpe Id vd long vd khoang 5 tuoi - chua bilt dgc vd vilt thi bai hgc khdng ddi hdi phai diing saeh gido khoa ma ehinh gigng ndi, cii chi, hanh ddng eua giao vien
TAP CHi KHQA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Huynh Lc Phuyng Cff la ndn tang thilt thyc eho hogt ddng trong
Idp hpc. Sau do, giao vien cd thi diing eae do vat thdng dung trong Idp hpc nhu sach, vih, vat dung. Khi hgc vien hge len edp do cao hon, giao vien cd thi diing hinh dnh, bieu dd ehiJ, ...
5. DE XUAT CAC HO^T DONG CUA PHU'OTNG PHAP PHAN XA TOAN THAN DUNG DE DAY TIENG ANH CHO THIEU NHI
Rd rdng vdi nhiing dge thii cua thilu nhi da dugc trinh bay tren, phuong phap phdn xg toan thdn - phuang phap kit hgp giiia ngdn ngii' vd hogt ddng thi chdt - hoan toan thieh hgp de dgy tieng Anh eho ddi tugng nay.
Tre em hpc rat nhanh nhiing tii' vung khi dugc day rdt cu the - nghTa la, tre cd the nhin thay, tiep xiic, nghe va choi eiing. Lay vi du, tre hieu tir vung "cookie" rat de khi chiing dugc tham gia ldm vd sau dd thudng thiic "banh quy"; hoac nhung ddng tir van ddng nhu "Jump", "run", "hop" dugc tre cam thy rat nhanh thdng qua viec chiing quan sat giao vien ldm mdu va sau dd bdt chude lam theo.
Viec ket hgp phuang phdp phan xa toan thdn vdi cde hogt ddng thudng le trong Idp hge hoac vdi trd ehoi, bai hat, ehuyen ke giiip tre em phdt trien khd ndng nghe hiSu va nhd tir vung va cum tir giao tiep mdi khi hgc. Vi vgy, vdi tre mdi bdt ddu hpe tiing Anh gido vien cdn phdi day eho tre nhu-ng tir vung, cum tir giao tiep cdn thilt vd dan gidn nhdt nhu: Ten, tudi;
Nhung cdu chao hdi thdng dung nhu
"Hello.", "How are you?"; Tir vung lien quan din trudng, lop, dung cy hpc tap; eae bp phdn CO thi; ddng vdt;...
Gido vien edn phai khuyen khich tre em nhdn bilt va dap lgi nhitng loi hudng ddn hoae menh lenh don gian trong lap ddng thdi sii' diing ngdn ngii cu chi de thue hien cac ddng tdc nhu: diing len/ ngdi xudng, gio tay len/ bd tay xudng, md saeh ra / ddng sdch lai; ket hgp nhin vdi tir/ chii ma tre cd the hpc va bdt ehudc, dde biet nhiing tir ngii md td nhu: Idn/ nhd, vui/ budn [2],
Bang edeh ket hgp phuong phdp phdn xa toan than vao hogt ddng thudng le, chdng may ehde tre se de tdm vao ngdn ngii' vd chii y den viec tuong tdc lai. Dan ddn tre se nhdn thuc dugc nbi6u dieu vd se trd nen tu tin khi hpc [2].
Trong bdi hpe, giao vien can ket hgp TPR vdi trd ehoi. Tre nhd rdt thich nhiing trd choi mang tinh hoat ddng the chdt. Gido vien cd the chgn nhiing trd choi lien quan den TPR nhu "Simon says..." hoac
"Charades" hoge "/ spy my little eye...".
Dimg e nggi dieu chinh ede trd ehoi Igi sao cho hgp vdi yeu cdu thyc te.
Bdi hat eiing khdng the thidu trong Idp hpc tieng Anh thieu nhi. Vdi mpt chiit tri tudng tugng, giao vien ed the chuyen nhung yeu td trong nhirng bai hat thanh nhung bai hat cd ede hogt ddng the chat va tgo thanh y§u td eiia phuong phap phan xg toan than.
Giao vien eung nen ehgn nhiing bai hat ed diep khiic lap di lap lai don gian de tre cd thi dodn trude edu triic va tham gia vao bdi hat trpn ven ban. Nhung bai hat ed giai dieu dl nhd se giiip ich rat nhieu trong viee tao ra su lien ket giira tir va nghTa. Tre em nhd rat lau nhiing bai hat chiing thich. Nhiing bai hdt nhu "Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes", "The wheels on the bus " hoge "Open - Shut" rdt duge tre nhd yeu thich, va vdi
TAP c m KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG So 11, Thang 9- 2018 giao vien nhOng bai hat nhu the nay la cong
cu hiru ich de day hpc.
Ngoai ra, nhOng cau chuyen ket hop voi TPR nen la nhung cau ngSn co chira noi dung va cum tit hOu dung. Nhiing cau chuyen nay cSn phai dl trong viec diing ngon ngu cit chi dS diln dat, va dp dai khoang 6-12 dong. LTu diSm ciia hinh thvrc nay la vui nhon va tao dong luc hoc cho hoc sinh. No phii hop cho ca ba kilu nguoi hoc: nghe, nhin va van dang. No giup hoc sinh hpc va hilu ca cum tir ciing mpt liic.
Tuy nhien, giao vien can luu y r5ng tr6 choi hay bai hat la cac hojit dpng giiip tre thuc h^nh, ciing c6 lai ng6n ngil, tir vung da hpc. Do do, cac hoat dpng nay nen dua vao sau khi tre hpc tir vimg. Dieu nay cung tuong tir d6i vdi chuyen ke - giao viSn day tir vung truoc khi cho hpc sinh thuc hi?n hoat dpng kl chuyfn.
Vi du minh hpa 1: Npi dung cua mot bai hpc tieng Anh danh cho thieu nhi 6 dp tu5i duoi 7 [6, tr.3].
Bdi hoc Colours
Thdi lugn
Muc tieu bai hgc - Nhgn biet mdu sde (red, green, blue, yeloow, orange) - Nghe vd thye hien dgng tac theo menh lenh don gidn, the hien hieu thdng qua viec diln dat ddng tdc trong bai hat, edu ehuyen
- Nghe vd sap xep edu chuyen
Tir vung / mlu eau - Tir mdi: red, green, blue, yellow, orange.
balloon, kite, ball - Ngdn ngii giao tiep:
+ Do you like...'?
+ Yes. /Na
g: 20-30 phut
Ho^t dong / ky ndng Dge theo nhip (Chant): Colours chant
Hogt ddng: td mau Trd ehoi: "What's missing?"
Cling cd tir vyng mdi hpe Bdi hat: "A Blue Balloon for Rosie"
Ve vd td mau
Chuyen kl kit hgp hanh ddng:
"Colours Action Story"
S5p xip eau chuyen theo thii tu Ky ndng nghe hilu: Td mau theo menh Ipnh
Vi dy minh hpa 2: Caeh boat ddng day hpe ket hgp phuang phap phan xa todn than
Hogt dpng 1: Dgy tir vung Tir mdi: mdu sdc: blue, yellow, red, green, orange, black, pick up
Chudn bi: mdt sd bia ciing mau, dgt mdi bia mau tr§n ban eiia timg hpc sinh;
mpt bd tren bdn gido vien.
Cdc budc thue hien: 1) Giao vien day tir vyng mdi bang each cdm timg bia len eho hpe sinh quan sdt va ndi timg mdu sde:
A blue card; A yellow card; A red card;
Blue; Yellow; Red. Khi trinh bdy mdi tir hoac cum tir gido vien can lap lai khoang 2- 3 Idn trudc khi chuyin qua tir / cum tir mdi;
2) Gido vien ra menh lenh va tdt ca hpc sinh thyc hien:
Who has a red card? Show it to me.
Who has a blue card? Show it to me.
Who has a green card? Show it to me.
3) Giao vien mdi timg hgc sinh thirc hien menh lenh.
Susan, pick up a black card and show it to the class.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Huynh Le Phtro'ng Cff Show the class a green card.
Show the class a yellow card.
Peter, pick up a blue card and show it to the class.
Hogt dpng 2: Cung cd tir vung mdi hpc thdng qua trd choi "What's missingl"
Tii vyng cdn ciing ed eho hge sinh nhd: Mau sde
Chudn bj: mdt sd bia eiing mdu Cdc budc thye hien: 1) Giao vien bay cac bia ed mau sae mdi dugc hgc trude mdt hpc sinh; 2) Gido vidn yeu eau hpe sinh nhdm/che mat lai ("Close your eyes, please.") va gido vien cdt ddu di mdt bia;
3) Gido vien yeu cdu hgc sinh md mat, nhin va nhdn ra mau sde ndo bi ddu mdt (" Open your eyes. What's missing?")
Hogt ddng 3: Giiip tre hieu eau hdi
"Doyou like ....^ vatraldi "Yes. /No."
Sau khi tre da biet eac tu vyng ve mau sic, gido vien ehuydn qua day tre nhan biet va hieu cdu hdi "Do you like.. ? "
Chudn bi: Cdc bia ed mau sac khac nhau hoac nhiing hinh anh (tir vyng da hpe) gidng nhau nhung cd mau sae khac nhau.
Cdc budc thirc hien: 1) Giao vien dua bia mdu len vd Igp di lap lai cdu hdi "Do you like (The red card)?"; 2) Giao vien diing
bieu edm cua khudn mat minh ket hgp vdi ngdn ngii cu chi - ngdn tay edi hudng len = Yes, vd hudng xudng = No, nham giiip hgc sinh hieu each tra Idi "Yes/No"; 3) Giao vien lap di lap lgi edu hdi va ddng tac vdi lan; 4) Giao vien yeu edu hgc sinh trd Idi edu hdi "Do you like..?" (ea Idp/ ca nhan) bdng each dimg ngdn ngu cii chi (dua ngdn tay cai hudng len hoge hudng xudng); 5) Gido vien yeu eau hge sinh trd Idi edu hdi
"Do you like..?" ket hgp ndi "Yes"/"No"
va dimg ngdn ngG eu chi (dua ngdn tay cai hudng len hoac xudng).
6. KET LUAN
Vdi sy phdi hgp giii:a ngdn ngii vd van ddng th8 chdt, phuang phdp phuang phdp phdn xg todn than tap trung vao ngudi hge vd giiip hg phdt trien ngdn ngii thii hai mdt cdch tu nhien. Phuang phdp nay hoan toan phii hgp vdi viee dgy tieng Anh cho thieu nhi khi chuang trinh thiet ke kdt hgp hogt ddng hge tiing Anh vdi trd ehoi, hat miia, hinh dnh, ... tgo ra mdi trudng hgc thodi mdi, khdng gay dp lye vd tir dd thu hiit sy tap trung eiia thieu nhi vdo bai hge giiip tre em tiep thu ngdn ngiV nhanh va hieu qua nhdt.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Asher, J. (2007), TPR: After forty years, still a very good idea, https://www.tpr- world.eom/mm5/TPRarticles/TPR_after_forty.pdf, truy cap ngdy 20-2-2018.
[2] Dyson, L. (2012), Child-en Learning English as a Foreign Language-Total Physkxil Response in Pre-primary Language Learning, http://'www.pearsonlongman.eom/mylittleisland/ae/tips.htm!, truy cap ngay 23-2-2018.
[3] Harmer, J. (2001), The Practice of English Language Teaching, 3'" Edition, Pearson.
[4]Nunan, D. (2010), Teaching English to yb««g Learners, Anaheim University Press.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG S6 11,Thang 9-2018 [5] Opp-Beekman, L. and Klinghammer, S. (2006), Shaping the Way We Teach English:
Successful Practices Around the World, University of Oregon.
[6] Puehta, H. and Gemgross, G. (2012), Hooray! Let's play! Level A- Teacher's Book, Helbling Language.
[7] Richards, J.C. and Rogers, T. (2001), Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, 2"*^ Edition, Cambridge University Press.
[8] Scott,W.A. and Ytreberg, L.H. (1990), Teaching English to Children, Longman.
Slattery, M. and Willis, J. ( 2 0 0 U English for Primary Teachers: A Handbook of Activities
& Classroom language, Oxford University Press.
Ngdy nhan bai: 03-4-2018. Ngay bien tap xong: 04-9-2018. Duyet dang: 24-9-2018