KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
D A DAIMG T H U C V A T CHO L A M S A M IXIGDAI G d T A I K H U B A D TDIM THIEIM IMHIEIM B A C HUOIMG HOA,
TilMH OUAIMG T R !
Bin Q u a n g D u ^ n ' , Bui Th6 B6v. Ha Vdn Hoan^
T6MTAT
Thong qua viec ke thua cac tai lieu thu cap va ti^n hanh dieu tra nghi&n cmi tai hi^n tnring trong thoi gian tir thang 8/2018 den thang 8/2019, thong tm ve da dang thuc vat cho lam san ngoai go (LSNG) t^i Khu Bao ton Thien nhien (BTTN) Bic Huong Hoa. tinh Quang T n da duoc tdng hgp kha day dti. Ket qua nghien cuu da ghi nhan duoc 265 loai thupc 189 chi, 99 hp 5 nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach, trong do nganh N^oc Lan flVlagnoliophyta) chiem 89% v6 tong so loai. Co 9 h p da dang nhat v^ loai da dugpc xac dinh. Voi nhi^u gia tn su dung: 13 loai cky sir dung lay spi (4,91%); 173 loai cay cho dugc ll^u (65,28%), 77 loai c4y cho thuv pham (29,06%). 8 loai cay cho tmh dau (3,02%). 64 loai cay lam canh (24.15%) va 46 loai cay nhien li^u (17.36%). Co 36 loai cay thupc sach Do Viet Nam (2006) va Nghi dmh 06/2019/ND-C P. K^t qua nghidn cuu la ca sa cho Khu BTTN Bac Huong Hoa quan ly. sir dung ben vung tai nguyen thuc vat cho lani san ngoai go Uu khu virc nghidn cuu.
T u kh6a; B,ic Huong Hoa. da dang thuc vat. lam san ngoai gd. Quang Tn, quan ly ben vUng.
1. BAT VAN BE
K h u B a o t o n T h i e n n h i e n ( B T N N ) Bdc Hucmg Hoa, h u y ^ n H u o n g Hoa, tinh Q u a n g T r i co t d n g dien tich la 23.456,71 h a . D a y la k h u v u c co dia hinh c a o n h a t c u a tinh Q u a n g T r i voi h a i dinh niii c a o noi troi la d i n h S a Mii (1.570 m ) v a dinh Voi M ? p (1.775 m ) . K h u v y c n a y c o tinh d a d a n g s m h h p c c a o , p h o n g p h u v a d o c d a o , la n m giao luu giira c a c l u 6 n g t h u c vat Bdc N a m , k h u v u c D o n g D u o n g [6].
T a i n g u y e n l a m s a n ngoai gh (LSNG) tai K h u B T T N B a c H u o n g H o a d u p c d a n h g i a la p h o n g phii vol n h i e u m u c dich, gia tri sir d u n g k h a c n h a u n h u c h o soi. d u p c lieu, t h u c p h a m , l a m c a n h , do t h u c o n g m y n g h e . . . T a i n g u y e n LSNG k h o n g c h i co vai tro lam t a n g tinh d a d a n g sinh h o c c h o k h u v u c m a c o n CO vai t r o r a t q u a n t r p n g d o i voi s i n h k^ c u a m o t s o c o n g d o n g nguoi d a n t r o n g k h u v u c . D o vay. viec n d m bdt nipt e a c h d a y dii ve n g u o n tai n g u y e n LSNG 6 K h u B T T N Bdc H u o n g H o a la rdt c a n thiet n h a m p h u c vu c o n g t a c b a o t6n d a d a n g sinh h p c , c o n g t a c b a o v e r i m g v a m o i t r u o n g s m h thai, d d n g t h a i x a c d i n h c a c giai p h a p q u a n ly m p t e a c h b e n v u n g n g u 6 n tai n g u y e n r a t q u a n t r o n g nay.
T u y n h i e n , c h o d e n n a y van c h u a c o tai lieu n a o t h 6 n g k e , d a n h gia m p t e a c h d d y dii. h e t h d n g v e
' Chl cyc Kicm lam Quang Tn ' Trucmg Dai hpc Lam nghiep
' Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Bac Hu ng Hoa. tinh Quang Tn
n g u 6 n tai n g u y e n LSNG t^i k h u vuc. Trong khi d o . t i n h t r a n g k h a i thac va sir d u n g c h u a hpp ly van tiep tuc di^n r a da lam c h o tai n g u y e n LSNG bi a n h h u o n g n g h i e m trpng. Nhieu loai d u p c lieu quy n h u Lan Kim tuyen {Anoectochilus cetaceus), C6\ toai bo {Drynaria fortune!). T h a t di^p nhat chi hoa {Paris polyphylld), D d n g s a m {Codonopsisjavanica)... hay c a c loai d p n g vat qui h i ^ m d a n g bj suy giam nhanh c h o n g .
Bai bdo n a y k h o n g chi d a n h gia tinh da dang ve t h a n h p h d n loai t h u c v^t c h o LSNG ma con thong k e cac n h o m t h e o g i a t n s u d u n g , gia tri bao ton ciia cac loai t h u c vat n g u y c a p , quy h i ^ m , g o p phan xac dinh c a c giai p h a p q u a n !y. khai t h a c va s u dung b6n vung n g u o n tdi n g u y d n t h u c vat LSNG c u a k h u v u c
2. PHUONG PHlU>NGHBII Ciiu
2.1. Ddi t u g n g vd dia d i ^ m nghifin ciiu 2.1.1. Ddi tuong nghif n cuu
T a i nguy&n t h u c vat LSNG g o m cac loai cay g6, cay h u i , cay t h a n t h a o . . . va m 6 t s o cac san pham k h d c CO t h e d u p c k h a i thac tir c i c k h u rimg trong Khu B T T N Bdc H u o n g Hda s e la d d i tuong dieu tra p h a n loai, d a n h gia va d e x u a t giai p h a p quan ly hieu qua.
2.1.2. Dia diem nghien cuu
Dia d i l m n g h i e n ciiu d u o c b d tri rai rac trong p h a m VI K h u B T T N Bdc H u o n g H o a thuoc dia ban 5 xa: H u d n g Lap, Hucmg Vi^t, H u d n g P h u n g . Huong
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG n/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Son. Huong Linh thupc huyen Huomg Hoa. tinh Quang Tn. Khu vuc nay la noi smh song ciia dpng bao nguin Van Ki^u, Pa Co voj ban sac van hoa doc dao, ddi dao ve kho tang van hba phi vat thl va co tap quan khai thac va su dung nhieu loai thuc vat LSNG.
Thdi gian nghien cuu tir thang 8/2018 den thang 8/2019.
2.2. Phuong phdp nghifin cuu
- Kl thira tai lifiu thii cap: Tdng hop. phan tich, ddnh gid cac thong tin cd hen quan dfin LSNG thong qua he thong cac tdi lifiu vfi Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hda.
- Xac dinh cac tuydn va difiu tra trfin 5 tuyen; tien hdnh thu mdu thuc vat cho LSNG tai hifin tnrong Iren cac tuyfin chinh theo phuong phap ciia Nguyfin Nghia'niinl997[4].
- Dilu tra, phdng van cdc can bp quan ly, ngudi dan. nguoi thu mua LSNG... thong quan hfi thdng bang cau hoi duoc thilt k l sdn d l ddnh gia hiln trang khai thdc va buon ban LSNG trong viing dfim Khu BTTN Bdc Hudng Hoa [2].
Bdng 1. Thdnh phdn thytc vat cho iSm san ngodi g6 phdn bd b cdc taxon
- Thuc hifin vific dinh loai ten khoa hpc dua vao phuong phap so sanh hinh thai theo tai heu: Cay cd Viet Nam (Pham Hoang Hp), Thuc vat chi \'ifit Nam (nhieu tac gia) [3] vd chinh ly ten khoa hpc theo http://theplantlist.org [7]. Xdc dinh cac loai quy, hiem. co nguy co Uiyet chiing theo sdch Dd Vifit Nam va Nghi dinh n6/2019/ND-CP [1,5].
3. KFT QUA NGHHI CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Da dang vfi cdc taxon thyc vdt
Kit qua dllu tra nghifin ciiu tai Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa da ghi nhan duoc 265 loai thuc vat bac cao CO mach trong tdng sd 1.283 loai thuc vat tgi day cho lam sdn ngodi g6 (chiem 20,65% tdng sd lodi thuc vat ciia Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa). thupc 99 hp.
189 chi. thuc vai bac cao co mach tai khu vuc nghien ciiu. Dd la cac loai thuc vdt thuoc cdc nganh: Thong dat (Lycopodiophyta), Duong xi (Polypodiophyta), Hat trdn (Pinophyta), Day gdm (Gnetophyta) va Ngpc lan (Magnohophyta). Trong do nganh Ngpc lan chilm uu thl voi 246 lodi. chilm 92,83%. Sd lupng cac bac taxon phan bo dupc thdng kfi d-bang 1.
TT I II IU IV V 1 2
Nganh Ten pho thong
Ho Thong dat Dirong xi
Hat tran Day gdm Hat kin Ldp 2 la mam Ldp 1 la mam
Ten khoa hoc Lycopodiophyta Polypodiophyta Pinophyta Gnetophyta Magnophyta Magnoliopsida
Liliopsida Tong
Ho So luong
2 6 4 1 86 70 16 99
Tyle
(%)
2,02 6.06 4.04 1,01 86,87 70,71 16,16 100
Chi So luong
3 6 5 1 174 134 40 189
Tyl*
(%)
1,59 3,17 2,65 0,53 92,06 70,89 21,17 100
Loai Sd lui;mg
5 7 6 1 246 182 64 265
Tyl«
1,89 2,64 2,26 0,38 92,83 68,68 24,15 100
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
BSnj; 2. Cdc hp da d^ing v^ thanh phin lofii tbvtc v^t cho ISm san Ho
Viet Nani Phong lan Tnic dao Thdu dau Cau dua Hoa thao Ca phi-
Na Clic Rau d^n
Ten khoa hoc Orchidaceae Apocynaceae Euphorbiaceae
Arecaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Annonaceae
Asteraceae Aniaranthaceae
Sd luong floai)
17 15 11 10 10 9 8 7 6
Tong 93 ngoa K6
Ty le (%) 6.42 5,66 4,15 3.77 3,77 3,:!9 3,02 2,64 2,26 35,09
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019 95
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
* Nhom cay cho sdn phdm co soi" Gdm 13 loai, chifim 3,41% tdng sd loai thi^c vdt L^NG dupc di^u tra. Nhom cay nay dupc n h ^ ddn su dung vin cac muc dich da dang: dan lat thu coni; •> •- I'.n-' fong vice hiiu ich khac, gfim cac loai may vd tre: Ranibusa balcooa Roxb.. Melocalamus conipacti/Iorus (Kurz).
Calamus poilanei....
* Nhom cay cho sdn pham lam du<?c lifiu/my pham: Co khoang 173 lodi. chifim 4ri.41'V. Cong dung chira benh kha da dang, tir nhihig benh cdm mao thong thudng din nhiing bfinh nan y. Tuy nhien, viec sir dung cay thudc cua ddng bao chii ylu don lodi va thong tin it, khong ihnn: chia se nhieu. khd luu truyen cho thl hfi sau. Loai dugc hfiu quy nhir Thach tiing rang cua (Huperzia serrata). Sdi rimg (Sarcandra glabra), Hoang ddng (Fibraurea tincloria), Lan kim tuyfin (.AnocctiK'hilus setaceus)...
* Nhdm cay cho sdn pham thuc pham: Khoang 77 loai. chilm 20,21% tdng so loai LSNG. Cac loai cho qua an dupc co vi ngon: Chop mau cut {Salacia
verrucosa), Biia liia {Garcinia lusca Pierre.) boat chat chinh trong nac trai cd tac dung tilu m&, giam can, chong bfio phi cua Biia la hydroxycitric acid (HCA)
|8]. Mpt sd loai thuc vat khac lam rau an nhu: rau ma. rau me, bdp chudi,...
* Nhdm cay cho san phdm chilt sual (tinh ddu, nhua): Cac loai cung cap nguyfin lifiu ep dau, ddu an, tmh dau, nhua... co khoang 8 loai, chilm 2,10%, gdm Boi 161 chanh {Utsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), Vii hucmg {Cmamomum balansae) cd tinh ddu rat thom, Gidl xanh {Michelia mediocris)...
* Nhdm cay lam canh, bong mat: Gdm 64 loai, chiem 16.8% tdng sd loai hfi diuc vat LSNG. Nhieu loai phong lan cho hoa dep. Cam cii (Hoya) va Hoa mdu don (Ixora). Dac bifit lodi Hoya globubsa lan ddu tiln ghi nhan b noi nay. dfi nghi bd sung danh luc thuc vat cua Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa.
* Nhdm cay cho sdn pham khdc: Gom khoang 46 loai, chiem 12,07% tdng sd loai LSNG. Nhom cay nay dupc nhan dan su dung voi cac muc dich da dang: nhu Ld ndn (Ucuala centralis), la Ipp nha...
3.3. Da dgng vfi ngudn gen qu^ hilm Ket qud dieu tra thuc te cho thdy Khu BTTN Bdc Hudng Hda cd 36 lodi thuc vat quy hifim can dirpc uu tifin bao tdn tai khu vuc nghiin ciiu.
Cd 13 loai nguy cap (5 loai nguy cap P;N\ g ]„A se nguy cap VU) theo Sach Dd Vifit Nam (2(X)7)- i N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019 Bang 1 cho thay, ti lfi loai cho LSNG giCra Lop 2
Id mam {Magnoliopsida) va Lop 1 la mam {Uhopsida) a khu vuc chi la: 2.84:1. thdp hon t\- lfi cua khu vuc nhifit doi dien hinh la 3:1 (De Candolle).
Ngoai yeu td vl dp cao cua khu virc nghifin ciiu. sd lupng loai Mpt la mdm cho LSNG nhifiu hon so voi khu vuc nhifit doi dien hinh Id do LSNG nhieu loai thupc nhom Mni la mam trong khu vuc co khd nang sinh trudng nhanh va thuoc dang than leo. than thao la chu yfiu. Day la mot dilm kha thich hop cho vific sii dung LSNG bdi chiing khong phai la dgng cay gd.
Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thay, cb nhieu hp co su da dang cao vfi loai thuc vat cho LSNG. Dac bifit cac hp nhu Phong lan (Orchidaceae) co din 17 loai chiem 6,42%, thudng dupc khai thac d l lam cay canh;
ngoai ra co Tnic dao (Apocynaceae) chilm 5.66% chii ylu dupc diing ldm thudc va chai canh. Cdc hp khac nhu Thdu ddu, Cau dira, Hda thao, Ca phfi... chifim mpt sd luong loai kha lon so voi cac hp con lai, duoc thdng kfi qua bang 2. Kit qua d bang 2 cung cho thay cd 9 hp CO sd loai nhieu nhdt vdi tdng sd 93 loai chilm 35,09% tdng sd loai thuc vat lam sdn ngoai gd tai Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hda.
3.2. Gid tri sii dung cua LSNG
Can cu vdo ket qua phdng van, kfit hop dieu tra hifin tnrong va cac tai lifiu cong bd lifin quan ve gia tn sir dung, kit qua da xac dinh duoc 9 nhom thuc vat cho lam san ngoai gd a Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa.
Ket qua dupc tdng hpp bdng 3.
Bdng 3. Gid trj sii d\mg thyc vat cho ldm san ngodi gd TT
1 2
3 4 5 6
Nhdm gia tn Cay cho san pham cd
SOl
Cay cho san pham lam duoc lieu/my phiim Cay cho san pham thuc pham
Cay cho san pham chiet suat
Cay lam canh, bong mat Cay cho san pham khac Tdng cdng
Sdluong (loai)
13
173 77
8 64 46 381
Tyle
%
3.41 45,41 20,21 2,10 16,80 12,07 100
KHOA HOC CONG N G H t
loai thupc nhom IA va 26 loai thupc nhom IIA theo Kfit qua difiu tra nay la ca sd gnip Khu BTTN co Nghi dinh 06/2019/ND-CP [1,51. nhung chifin luoc bdo ton va phat tnfin ben vung ngudn tdi nguyfin thuc vat cho lam sdn ngoai gd nm day (bang 4).
BdDg4. Danh luc cdc lodi thyc vat LSNG tai Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hdacd gid tit bdo tdn cao TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ten khoa hgc Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis.
Podocarpus pilgeri.
Rauvolfia cambodiana Pierre ex Pitard Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) BaiU.
Asarum balansae Franch in Morot.
Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte Codonopsisjavanica (Blume) Hook.f Fibraurea tintona Lour
Coscimum fenestiatum (Gaerm.) Colebr.
Stephania japonica CThunb.) Miers, Stephania glabra
Murrayaglabra (Guillaum.) Guillaum Ardisia silvestris Pitard Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte Calamus poilanei Conr.
Polygonalum kingianum coll. et Hemsl Tacca mtergnfolia Ker.-Gawl Cephalolaxus manniiWooV. f.
Alstonia scholai'is (L.) R. Br.
Anoectochilus setaceus Blume Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O'brien Dendrobium faniien Paxt.
Calanlhe Iriphcata (Willem ) Ames.
D. hercoirlossum Rchb.f.
A/mrf/cr/Steudcl.
D. lodduresii Rolfe Dendrobium nobile Steudel Dendrobium tortile
Holcotrhssum subulifolium (Rchb.f.) Lipans elhptica Wight
L av/w/Guillaum
Ludisia discolor (Ker-Gawl.) ARich.
L zolliinien Rchb.f.
Papbiopediluiii .wiabileWAW. f.
Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rhvncliostvhs retusa (L.) Bl.
Ten \'iet Nam Thach tung rang cua Thdng tre la ngan Ba gac cam bdt Bagac Trau tien thao Vu huong Bang sam Hoang dang Vang dang Binh vdi nhat Binh vdi Vuong timg La khdi tia Tram huong May bdt Hoang tinh dd Ha tuc Dinh tung Mil cua Kim tuyen Thuy tien hudng Thuy Uen Kieu lan Thach hdc hoa liin Vay ran
Hoang thao thach hdc Thach hdc Hoang thao xoan Lan tdc tien Nhan diep biu due Lan canh nhan Lan la gam LangEtm Vehai Lan hai van Dudi cao
Sach Dd Via Nam,
2007
VU VU EN VU VU
VU VU EN EN VU VU EN EN VU
Nghi dinh 06/2019/
ND-CP IL\
\\k
IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA
IIA IIA IIA IA
IL^
IIA IL\
IIA ILA IL^
ILA IIA IIA
\\A M ILA IL\
IIA 4.KETLiMNVAKBVNGHI
Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa co tmh da dang sinh hpc cao vd van hoa ban dia dSc sdc. hap ddn. Kit qua dieu tra dupf 265 loai thuc vat LSNG. thupc 99 hp.
189 chi thuc vat bac cao cd mach.
Thuc vat LSNG dupc chia thanh 6 nhom cay:
cho san pham cd spi, cho san pham duoc lifiu/mj pham. cho sdn phdm thirc pham, cho sdn pham chilt sudt (tinh dau va nhua). cay Idm cdnh va bong mat va cac lodi cay cho san pham khac. Trong do co 36 loai NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRllN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019 97
KHOA Mpt COMO NGHt
thudc sach Dd \'iet Nam (2007) va Nghi dinh 06/ND- J. Gaiy. J. M., (2002). Thyc vJt dan ldc hoc- ^^
CP/2019can dupc bao ve tdt. xuat ban Ndng thdn.
Thuc trang khai thac LSNG d khu vuc mang tinh 3. Pham Hoang Hd (1999-2000). Cay-d l » - ^ - " "
tu phat. gay nhieu khd khan cho cdng tac quan ly va tapl. tap2. tapl Nha xuat ban Tre. TP. Ho Chi Mmh.
bao tdn loai thuc vat LSNG cd gia tn. Khu BTTN Bac 4 Nguyin Nghia Thin (1997) C.im nang nghien Hudng Hda can cd su quy hoach bao tdn va phat ^ j , j ^ g smh vaL Nha xuat ban Ndng n.t'lm'P- H«
trien thuc vat LSNG. Vi vay, viec lam rat can thiet v^.
hidn nay la: Danh gia hien U-ang de cd bien phan khai ,, L ni thac bdn vung nhung loai cho t s N G la hang hda: co ^- N«». d™h 06/2019/ND-CP ngay 22 thang 01 giai phap hieu qua ngan chan tinh tnmg kha, thac " » ^ ^019 v4 quan Iy .hue v » rimg, dong v.t rung cac loai thuc vat LSNG quy. hidm, cd gia tn bao tdn "^'^ ^*P' "">"• ' " ™ ^^ * ' ^ * ' " " ^ " \ ' " H
- J l a l , t, i-- L . . *. ban quoc tfi cac lodi done vdt, thuc vat hoang aa cao; xay dung kfi hoach va day manh cac boat dpng ^ .. • * • '
cu thl de bdo tdn va phat tnin cdc loai thuc vat " ^ ^ ^^^'
LSNG cd gid tri trfin khu vuc Khu BTTN Bdc Huong 6. Bao cao Quy ho^ch bdo tdn va phat triln ben Hoa, tinh Quang Tri. viing Khu BTTN Bdc Huong Hoa den nam 2020, TAI UH) THAM KHAO "^'"^ h u o n g dfin nam 2030. Chi c u e Kiem lam - S d
N o n g nghifip vd P T N T tinh Q u a n g Tri.
1. Bo K h o a h o c vd C o n g n g h e , Vien Khoa h o c va
Cdng nghe Viet Nam (2007). Sach Bd Viet Mun 7. www.theplantlist.org (phdn thuc vat). Nha xuat ban Khoa hpc Tu nhifin va
Cong nghfi. Ha Npi.
VERSriY OF PLANTS FOR NONTTMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE NORTHERN HUONG HOA NATURE RESERVE. QUANG TRI PROVINCE, VIETT^AM
Bui Quang Duan^ Bui The Dni^ Ha Van Hoan^
' Forest Ranger DeparOnent of Quang Tri Province -Vietnam Forestry University
^Northern Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tn province Summaiy
Based on the inhented documents and field surveys from august 2018 through august 2019. information on diversity of plants for non-Umber forest products in the Northern Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri province has been addressed. The research results have recorded 265 species belonging to 189 genera of 99 families of 05 vascular plant divisions. In which, Magnoliophyte accounts for 89% of the total number of species. The 9 most diverse famibes of species have been identified. Most these products have been harvested from the forest to serve die lives of local people and to be sold. Useful plant resources compnse:
13 plant species for fiber (3.41%), 173 species are medicinal plants (45.41%), 77 for food (20.21%), 8 species for extracUng products (2.10%). 64 species for ornamental (16.8%), 46 species for other uses (12.07%). There are 36 species are listed in Uie Vietnam Red Data Book, 2007 and Decree 06/2019/ND-CP of Vietnam. The i-esults are the basis for sustainable management and development of plant resources for non-timber forest products in the Northern Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.
Keywords: Bac Huong Hoa. plant diversity. .\TFPs, Quang Tri, sustainable management.
Ngudi phan bifin: TS. Phan Van Thdng Ngdy nh$n bdi: 30/8/2019 Ngdy th6ng qua phdn bifin: 01/10/2019 Ngdy duyfit dang: 8/10/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 11/2019
