Nghien ciiu - Trao doi
Trao 001 ve 0oi mai
Cliirang trinli giao due Viet l\lam
O ThS. LE TH! THU
Trudng Cao dang Cdng nghe va Kinh te Ha Ndi
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rong bdi canh giao due va dao tao cua chung ta hien nay, viec thUC hien Nghj quyet Hdi nghj Trung uang 8, khoa XI, ve ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao la can thiet va cap bach. Song, ddi mdi nhwthenao dedem lai hieu qua cao, dap ung nhu cau ddi hdi cua thwc tiin la van de khdng he don gian. Thwc te, giao due va dao tao cua chung ta da may lan "ddi mdi"nhung hieu qua khdng dwgc nhw mong mudn. Chung ta da cCf nhieu doan di nwdc ngoai de nghien cuu, hgc tap nhung xem ra ket qua dat dwgc cdn rai khiem tdn. Trong bdi canh hien nay, chung ta can cd cai nhin: Nghiem tuc, khach quan, tim ra nguyen nhan nhung cai dwgc va chwa dwgc cua nhung lan cai each trudc day. Tang cwdng hdi thao, trao ddi nhung van de ve "Giao due va dao tao" tren cac dien dan van hoa, giao due. Dac biet, mdrdng dan chu phan bien (khen, che, dung muC, dung tam vdi tinh than trach nhiem vi su nghiep ddi mdi giao due). Day la su nghiem tuc va can thiei luc nay.Cac van de can doi mdi Giao due dao ddc va ldi sdng Oao dUc va ldi sdng cua mpt bd phan thanh nien hien nay that dang suy nghT. Nan bao lire, nan nghien hut... tuy khdng phd bie'n nhung cung khdng cdn la ca biet. Tren cac phUdng tien truyen thdng dai chung da dUa nhieu dan chUng ve nhan each cua thanh nien hien nay. MUc dp quan tam de'n thanh nien mdi ngudi cd khac nhau, nhung ai cung cam thay bUc xuc ve dao dUc va ldi sdng ci\a khdng ft thanh, thieu nien hien nay ke ca nhung hpc sinh dang ngdi tren ghe nha trudng. Suy cho cung
thi tieu chf cd ban nhat de danh gia mpt nen giao due la: "nhan each cua ngUdi dupc giao due"
Ndi mpt each khac la: Oao dUc, van hoa cua ngudi dugc giao due. Do do, ddi mdi ve giao due trudc het phai ddi mdi ve giao due dao dUc, van hoa cho thanh thie'u nien.
Ong Ngu Duy Anh, Vu trudng Vu Cdng tac Hpc sinh - Sinh vien, Bp GD&OT cho biet: "Cdn nhieu bieu hien tieu cue dang lo ngai nhat la mpt sd hpc sinh cd hanh vi lech chuan ve dao dUc ldi sdng nhu: Gay gd danh nhau, thieu tdn trpng ban be; vd Id vdi thay ed giao; chay ludi trong hpc tap; nghi
hpc, di hpc mudn khdng cd ly do;
quay cdp, thieu trung thUe trong kiem tra, thi cu"; ndi tuc, chifi bay, hut thudc la, vi pham ndi quy nha trudng, vi pham tac phong nen nep cua hpc sinh; vi pham phap luat ve trat tu an toan giao thdng;
sdng ludi bieng, i lai, dua ddi, thie'u trach nhiem vdi gia dinh va nhung ngudi than trong gia dinh; sdng dua ddi, thuc dung, yeu dUdng va cd quan he tinh due sdm"
Giao due van hoa. Van hoa theo tu dien tie'ng Viet: "Van trong nghTa van minh; hoa trong nghTa giao hoa. Nen giao hoa theo mdi van minh cCia thdi dai" Ojnh nghTa "Van hoa" theo xa hdi hoc:
2 4 Tdi nguyen v d Mdi trudng I Kyi Thang 8/2014
"Van hoa la tdng the nhufng hanh vi hpc hdi dupc nhung gia tri niem tin, ngdn ngu, phap luat va ky luat cOa cac thanh vien sdng trong mdt xa hdi nhat djnh nao dd"
Quan Trpng ndi: "Van hoa la nhua sdng cua xa hdi" Cd Bd trudng Bd GD&OT dau tien cua Viet Nam dan chCi cpng hda ndi:
"Van hoa la chia khoa md dau"
ThCi tudng Phan Van Khai cho rang: "Van hoa la dpng luc cCia phat trien" TU dd ta thay, van hoa quan trpng nhU the nao ddi vdi su phat trien mdt con ngudi, mpt xa hdi. That dang lo ngai ve "Van hoa" hien nay ciia mpt sd khdng ft thanh, thie'u nien Viet Nam.
Mdi day, khi GS.TSKH. Tran Ngpc Them cdng bd ket qua dieu tra xa hdi hpc ve ndi dd'i trong hpc sinh va sinh vien: TCf cap 1 de'n dai hgc, cUlen mdt cap la ndi dd'i nhiiu han. De'n sinh vien thi cd 80% ndi dd'i vdi cha me.
Nhung khi cdn la hgc sinh, sinh vien thi chi ndi dd'i vdi cha me thdi, khi trudng thanh va ra ddi thi ndi dd'i vdi xa hdi, danh Ida ngudi dan va lam doi vdi dat nudc. Do vay, giao due dao dUc, van hoa cho thanh thieu nien la viec lam can luc nay.
Nhung nam 60 cCia The ky trudc, Giao due Viet Nam da dat dupc nhOng thanh tfch dang ngudng md, dac biet dudi thdi cOa cd Bd trudng Bd GD&OT TS.
Nguydn Van Huyen. Trudc day hpc sinh cap 1, cap 2 dugc hpc mdn hpc "Luan ly" Mdn hpc nay gdm nhUng kien thUe cd ban ve luan thudng dao ly, nhan each dao dUc cho thanh, thieu nien. Cd Idp ngudi Viet Nam tuyet vdi trong cdng cupc chdng My cuu nude, hien nhien ed cdng cua nen giao due nude nha trong giai doan do.
Tdi cung khdng biet mdn hpc
"luan ly" trong trudng phd thdng bie'n mat tU luc nao. Sau nay cd mdn hpc "Giao due cdng dan"
nhung nhieu ngudi cho rang, ty le hpc phan trong chuong trinh cdn qua khiem tdn, chUa dap Ung dupc yeu cau.
Trdng phat trong giao due Trong qua trinh day hpc, giao vien cd dupc phat hpc sinh khdng? Mpt cau hdi ma lau nay nhieu ngudi trong chung ta cdn bd ngd. Xin tra ldi ngay rang:
"Phai phat" Nhung phat nhu the nao de cd tac dung, mdi la van de can ban.
Oieu 75 Luat Giao due nam 2005 ghi rd: "Nha giao khdng dupc lam cac viec nhu: 1. Xuc pham danh du, nhan pham, xam pham than the ciia ngudi hpc..."
Khdng Tu" day: "Giao due bang roi vpt thi dao tao ra nd le, giao due khdng trUng phat thi dao tao ra lu luu manh" y kien ca nhan tdi cho rang: Ngudi thay cd quyen trUng phat hpc trd, neu trd cd tinh khdng nghe ldi. NhUng trUng phat nhu the nao de thay, cd khdng vi pham luat giao due. TrUng phat, cd mudn van each trUng phat.
TrUng phat khac vdi xuc pham danh dU, nhan pham, xam pham than the ngudi hpc. Cha me nhieu khi phai day, dd, dpa. Ngudi me trong luc giao due con, ban dau la day, neu con chenh mang thi dd danh, neu eon cU cd tinh tray ludi thi dpa. Thf du, me cd the dpa con rang:"A/e'ty con khdng chiu khd hgc bai, trua nay bo may vi, may phai an ddn day!" Ngudi cha trong luc day eon, ed the phai danh con, nhung danh con de giao due eon, chU khdng phai danh con de giet eon. Trong giao due lay nhu lam trpng, nhung khi
can ran phai ran, tranh hien tupng chieu chuong vd ldi, ed the mdi day dugc. Khdng Tu" cung cho rang: "... Chieu con lam eon hu, tien cua du eon hdng" Con hu, nhung ngudi cha tuyet nhien khdng mpt ldi trach mang, day la ngudi cha nhu nhUdc. Ngudi cha day con ma luc nao cung dijng roi vpt la ngudi cha bat lUcl.
Oieu dang quan tam la gan day ed trudng hpp giao vien tat vao mat hpc sinh, tham chf cd cd giao ehCri rua hpc sinh tham te.
Hanh vi do ciia ngUdi thay la phan cam, dang len an, la vi pham luat giao due.
Ngay trudc, cac cu di hpc ma khdng thupc bai thi trd phai dat tay len ban de thay giao vut cho may thudc. Khi thay trd rut tay vao, thay nhanh tay vut manh thudc vao canh ban, net mat thay van nghiem trang khdng ddi. Tdi ke lai chuyen cu de thay ldi ket cho phan nay.
Day ky nang sdng
Ky nang sdng la mpt tap hpp cac ky nang ma ta cd dupc thdng qua hpc tap, giang day hoac kinh nghiem true tiep dupc sir dung de YAS \y nhung van de, cau hdi thudng gap trong cupc sdng hang ngay cua con ngudi.
Td chUe Y te The gidi (WHO) dinh nghTa ky nang sdng la: "Kha nang thfch nghi va hanh vi tfch cue cho phep ca nhan cd kha nang dd'i phd hieu qua- vdi nhu cau va thach thUe cua cupc sdng hang ngay" Ky nang sdng la vdn quy trong cupc sdng con ngudi.
Nd hinh thanh va trai nghiem trong xa hdi loai ngudi. Mdi ngudi hay biet tfch luy, phat trien va sir dung nd ed hieu qua nhat, de giup fch cho ban than va cpng ddng.
Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 - Thang 8/2014 OR
Trong ky nang sdng ngudi ta chia lam 2 loai: Ky nang mem va ky nang eUng. Odi vdi lUa tudi hpc sinh phd thdng thi trudc het phai dao tao ky nang mem.
Theo tu dien Wikipedia: Ky nang mem la thuat ngu dung de chi cac ky nang quan trpng trong cudc sdng con ngudi nhu: Ky nang sdng, giao tiep, lanh dao, lam viec theo nhdm, ky nang quan ly thdi gian, thu gian, vupt qua khung hoang, sang tao va ddi mdi... Ky nang mem khac vdi ky nang cung de chi trinh dp chuyen mdn, kien thUe chuyen mdn hay bang cap va chUng chi chuyen mdn. Thuc te cho thay, ngudi thanh dat chi cd 25% la do nhung kien thUe chuyen mdn, 75% cdn lai dupe quyet dinh bdi nhung ky nang mem hp dugc trang bj ky nang mem chij yeu la nhung ky nang thudc ve tfnh each con ngudi, khdng mang tfnh chuyen mdn, khdng the sd nan, khdng phai la ky nang ca tfnh dac biet, chung quyet dinh kha nang ban cd the trd thanh nha lanh dao, thfnh gia, nha thuong thuyet hay hda giai xung dot. NhUng ky nang "eUng" d nghTa trai ngupe thudng xuat hien tren ban ly Ijch kha nang hpc van eCia ban, kinh nghiem va su thanh dat ve chuyen mdn, ban ed phai la mpt ngudi de chju, tan tam; ban giao tiep cd an tupng khdng; giai quyet cac van de cd hieu qua khdng; day chfnh la cac dang cau hdi Ua dung de xac djnh dupc mUe dp ky nang "mem cua ban"
Cdng bang ma ndi: Kien thUe van hoa phd thdng cua thanh nien Viet Nam so vdi thanh nien Lao va Campuchia thi cao hdn, nhung ky nang sdng lai kem hdn
hp. Cung tdt nghiep phd thdng rdi vao dai hpc, sinh vien Viet Nam giai toan, ly, hoa tdt hdn sinh vien Lao va Campuchia nhieu. NgUpe lai, sinh vien Lao, Campuchia cd ky nang sdng tdt hdn, hp biet mua, biet nau an, biet bdi ldi, quan he giao tie'p tdt hon, Ung xii vdi nhau than mat hPn. Nhat la sinh vien Lao. Cd nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung cd le nguyen nhan chfnh la do chung ta chua chu y dao tao ky nang sdng cho thanh thieu nien trong nha trudng. Sdng ngdi d Viet Nam cd nhieu, nhung ft cd sd day bdi ldi cho thanh, thieu nien. He nam nao cung cd hpc sinh chet dudi nude. Trong giao tiep Ung xu" thi thanh thieu nien Viet Nam hien nay cdn phai giao due nhieu mdi dap Ung dugc trong the gidi hoi nhap. Mdi nam d nude ta xay ra biet bao vu an hinh sU dau Idng ma nguyen nhan ban dau chij yeu do each Ung xir khdng tdt cua lUa tudi thanh thie'u nien.
Tang thwc hanh, gan thuc hanh vdi thuc tien trong dao tao
Hien nay, ed mot thue te la:
Rat nhieu sinh vien dai hpc va cao dang ra trudng khdng ed viec lam hoac viec lam khdng dung vdi chuyen mdn dao tao. Cd nhieu nguyen nhan, song cd mpt nguyen nhan quan trpng la:
Nganh nghe, trinh dp chuyen mdn dao tao ra khdng phu hpp vdi thuc tien. Cho nen, hoac la sinh vien ra trudng bj that nghiep, hoac ed sd nhan ngudi phai dao tao lai, gay nen su lang phf khdng nhd.
Nhufng nam 60 cua The ky trudc, mdi trudng phd thdng cap 1, cap 2 deu ed mdt khu da't nhd de hoc sinh thUc hanh. ThU nam hang tuan la ngay lao dpng, ngay day hpc sinh den trudng
thuc hanh nhufng bai hpc ve thuc vat, dja ly... tao thanh nen nep hpc gan vdi hanh trong nha trudng. VI nhieu ly do khac nhau, dan dan cac trUdng phd thdngiDo ludn cai ngay thuc hanh thU nam hang tuan.
Ngay nay, nhieu trudng dao tao tu dai hpc den dao tao nghe deu tim each giam thuc tap, thifc nghiem den mUc tdi thieu. Co nhieu ly do khac nhau, nhung dieu de nhan thay rang: Thuc tap, thf nghiem thi tdn vat tU, hao thiet bj... Thuc te cd nhOng nganh nghe ma dao tao bai ban, dap Ung dung yeu cau thi rat tdn kem vat tu va hao mdn thiet bj ma tien hpc phf thi cd han. Ngupe lai, co nganh nghe khi thue tap, thf nghiem chi can phan bang va mot sd may tfnh la dn. Cho nen, khdng ft CO sd dao tao "chay" la vay. Co khdng ft co sd dao tao mdi thanh lap ehi md nhung nganh nghe ma khi dao tao ft tieu tdn vat tU, ft hao tdn thiet bj. Nhieu eo sd dao tao lam theo phUdng cham: "Oao tao cai minh cd, khdng dao tao cai xa hoi can"
Vi vay, de tranh lang phf cho xa hdi va ngudi hpc, dap Ung nhu cau thuc tien eCia cupc sdng, khi dao tao phai gan dao tao vdi thuc tien va xuat phat tU nhu cau ddi hdi cua thUe tien. Cd nhU vay chung ta mdi tranh dupc tinh trang cir nhan ra trudng that nghiep qua nhieu ma nhieu doanh nghiep lai thie'u lao dpng.
Ket luan: ThUc hien chii truong "D67 mdi toan dien giao due va dao tao" ciia Oang va Nha nude, vdi lUdng tam nghe nghiep va chut kinh nghiem tfch luy, tac gia manh dan neu len may van de can ddi mdi neu tren de chung ta cijng nhau trao ddi.a
2 6 Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 Thang 8/2014
