KHOfl HQC - CONG NGH€ Vfl D 6 | M d i
Thanh cong iCf dp dung ket qua nghien cOu khoa hoc:
ho treo trur nmrc tren vung cao nui da H^ Giang
NGO TH! VAN n iTfih vh Giim dnh Cfing ngh^
Bfi I;H&CN
Tif ket qua de tai
"Nghien CL?U thuf nghiem mot so' giai phap cap nirdc cho mot so'khu vUc dac biet khd khan vung nui phfa Bdc' do Vien Dja chat (Vien Han lam Khoa hgc va Cong nghe - KH&CN Viet Nam) chu tri, den nay nhieu tinh mien nui phia Bdc (dac biet la Ha Giang) da xay dlfng va difa vao suf dung hang chuc hd treo tru' nirdc phuc vu nhu cau niTdc sach cho ngu'di dan vung cao.
Vdi iru diem vircft trgi cua loai hd nay, giai doan 2012-2015, tmh Ha Giang du* kien se xay them nhieu hd cf cac xa vung nui cao nhdm dap dng nhu cau nirdc sinh boat cho ngirdi dan.
Khan hiem nuiit - ndi khdi ciia nguiii dan viing cao
6 cac tinh mien nui nhU Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Sdn La, Cao Bang mpt trong nhQng khfl khan dac biet md ngUfli dan phdi gdnh ehju dd Id tinh trang khan hid'm nQflc sgch, nQflc sinh hogt. Theo Chidn iQde qudc gia nQflc sgch vd ve sinh mdi trQdng ndng thdn den ndm 2020 thi Viet Nam hidn cd khoang 12 trieu ngQfli dang sdng trong nhQng vung dae biet khd khan, tap trung chu ye'u fl vung nui phia Bac.
(5 mpt sd huyen vung eao nui da Ha Giang, mde du da dQpc Nhd nUdc vd tinh dau tQ cho mdi hp mdt be nudc theo chu trUdng
"1 mdi nhd, 1 be nude, 1 eon bd", song lupng nUflc thu trQ dupc ciJng ehi du dung trong nfla dau mua khd vfli tieu ehuan rat thap la 20 Ift/ngQdi/ngay (8 1ft cho dn udng, 12 lit cho sinh hoat va trdu bo udng). Theo sd lieu cfla Sfl Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn Ha Giang den nam 2010, cd khoang 12 van khau tren tong sd 20 van ddn cua 4 huyen vung cao nui da dang trong tinh trgng thidu nUdc tram trong. Sd khau eon lai tap trung chu ydu fl cac huyen ly va vung thap da cd he thdng cdp nQdc thQdng xuyen.
MOt trong nhQng dac diem khf
hau efla vung cao nfli dd la mua mua lupng mua rat Idn, nhung mfla khd Igi mUa rat it. Mua he lupng nudc rd't ddi ddo nhung lai khdng the giQ Igi md thuflng theo cdc hang kast chdy di, Vi vdy, ngay ca trong mua mUa vdn co nPi khan hiem nUflc sinh hoat.
Ddi vdi cac vung khd khan ve nguon nQdc, cdc cd quan vd dja phUdng cdn rat Iflng tung trong vide tim gidi phap khdc phuc.
Cae giai phap da thgc hien cho den nay ehu yeu la cac giai phdp truyen thd'ng, ehua that sy phu hpp vdi dac diem cfla dja phUdng va dja hinh, ddn den thieu nUde nghiem trpng. De giai quye't van dd nUflc sinh hoat eho ngudi dan vung eao nfli da, cdc nha khoa hpc da cung vdi tinh Ha Giang dQa ra nhidu gidi phdp nhQ: tham do, khai thdc nQflc ngam, xay be ChQa nQflc Idn, xdy dQng cdng trinh cap nQflc cung cap cho ca vung hoac xay nhOng hd chfla nuflc mua de tfch trQ dung cho mua khd... Mpt trong nhQng giai phap dem Igi hieu qua tfch cue la phat hien dupc tang nQdc ngam vach nui, Ipi dgng dia hinh va dung ky thudt lam nUdc xuat Id, xdy dung cac ho trfl nudc. Giai phap tren chinh Id kdt qua cua de tai khoa hpc "Nghien cflu thQ nghiem mdt sd gidi phap cap nUdc cho mdt sd khu vue dac biet
S6 an.. 2013 e d N ^ S ^ ' ''
KHOfl HQC - CdNG NGHf Vfl 601 Mdi
khd khdn vung nui phfa Bde" do TSKH Vu Cao Minh, Vien Dja chdt (Vidn Hdn Idm KH&CN Viet Nam) lam ehfl nhiem.
Sir luvc vd cdng nghe hd treo
6 cdc vung nui cao, do eau true dja hinh va edu tgo dja chdt ndn khdng tdn tgi cde logi hinh nude mdt nhu sdng, sudi, kenh rgch;
nhidu ndi cdn khdng ed nuflc ngdm ho^c nUflc ndm rdt sdu, khdng thd khai thdc dupc. Trong khi dd, lupng mua hang ndm tgi ddy Igi rdt Idn, todn bO nUdo mUa trong mua mUa ddu thd'm sdu vdo Idng dd't theo cdc vdt ddt gdy hodc hang ddng. Bi "giam" cde ngudn nude nay phyc vg nhu cdu sinh hogt trong cac thdng mua khd, cde nhd khoa hpc thudc Vidn Dja chdt da nghidn eQu xay dgng, tgo hd trdn nfli, Khd khdn Idn nhd't eua vide tgo hd trdn nfli Id tim dupe ngudn nUflc, vj tri thu trQ vd khdc phyc dgng dja hinh ty nhidn dd tgo ra dgng hd treo, ddng thdi phdi efl gidi phap chdng mdt nQdc, bde hdi mdt edch tridt dd nhd't.
Thgc ehd't eua edng nghd ho treo Id khdng Id'y nQdc tQ cac ngudn nude ed sdn md phdi tu tgo ngudn, tg khdi mgch nUflc ngdm vdeh nui de thu edc ngudn nuflc phdn tdn. Vj tri chpn ddt hd thQflng Id gdn nhQng ndi tap trung ddn CQ vd cao trinh ddt hd thQdng dQpc chpn fl vj trf eao hdn, nhdm ed'p nude tg chdy cho cde hd ddn.
Gidi phdp chdng thdm, mat nQflc Id dung vdi dja ky thudt hodc tgi cdc vj trf trpng ydu co the dung bd tdng hode bd tdng cdt thep kdt hpp cde chdt ehd'ng tham ddc bidt. Dd tdl eua Vidn Dja chat da tien hdnh nghidn cQu thfl nghidm
xdy dung thdnh cdng hai ho treo tgi xd Xa Phin, huyen Dong Van va xa Ta Lung, huyen Meo Vgc.
Cac cdn bO tham gia dd tai da tU thidt kd, thi edng 3 edng trinh: 1 - Cdng trinh thu trQ nUde vach nui (bao gdm hao thu nUflc dai 400 m, he thdng ong ddn vd hd chQa nuflc cd mdy bdm tay eung cac cdng trinh phy trd, co sQe chQa hdn 3.000 m^); 2 - Cdng trinh thu trQ nUflc sUfln nui vfli cac he thd'ng ranh thu, sdn hQng va ao chfla vfli dung tich gan 1.000 m^;
3 - Cdng trinh didu tiet nuflc hang dOng gdm he thdng cdng cd van didu tid't dd dang nuflc, sQc chQa gan 1 trieu m^
Trong qud trinh thidt ke xay dyng, dd tdi da tfnh todn, xem xet ky ludng nhQng dae thu vd didu kidn thien nhien va con ngufli, ke cd dae thu ve phong tgc tap quan cung nhu ndp sdng, van hoa cua ddng bao dan tpc nhdm tgo ra mdt cdng trinh the hien va bao quat dugc nhflng yeu td dd. Mat bang bd tri edng trinh dupe the hien tren sddd 1.
Ve gdc do khoa hgc, de tdi da xde minh khd ndng khai thdc hidu qua tang nude vdeh nui. Chi vdi chieu ddi gan 300 m vdeh nha nUflc da thu dupc gdn 3.000 m^ nuflc dung eho sinh hogt Vd cdng nghe, viec hd nUflc dupc xay dgng tren phdu sgt karst vfli nhieu hang fl ddy vd thdnh bdn da ChQng tfl khd nang bdn vQng cua edng nghe thu nuflc, edng nghe xfl ly cdc hang kast, cdng nghe xQ ly ddy chdng mdt nuflc.
Ve hi§u qud kinh te'-xa h0i, ridng 6 xa Xa Phin, huydn Ddng Vdn, edng trinh da tgo ra ngudn nuflc khodng 3.000 mVndm - tUdng dUdng 300 be chfla nQdc dung tich 10 m^. Ngodi ra, edng trinh da gop phdn gidl quydt tUdng ddi triet de tinh trgng thidu nuflc sinh hogt cho trung tdm xa (bao gdm khu UBND, ehd, nhd ddn) vd h&
trd mpt phan nguon nuflc cho cdc thdn xa lan can. Cdng trinh sau khi thi cdng da dUpc bdn giao ngay cho xa Xa Phin dd qudn ly sQ dung. Cdng trinh thu trfl nUflc
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Sa do I: he thong thu trU ni/dc vach nui
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KHOfl HQC - CdNG NGH? Vfl BOI M Q I
Dan ban Xa Phin dang lay nudc sau khi ho hoan ihanh
vdeh nui bang cdng nghe hd treo da mfl ra huflng mfli trong viec gidi quydt vdn de cap nuflc cho phat trien kinh td - xa hpi vflng eao nui da fl Hd Giang va cac vung khac cd didu kien tUdng tu.
Md hinh can nlidn rdng
Vfli y nghTa thidt thgc vd quan trpng ddi vdi nhu cdu cfla ngUfli ddn vung cao, cflng vdi md hinh hd treo hogt ddng hidu qud dQdc thfl nghidm qua thdi gian, ke tQ nam 2009 ddn nay Ha Giang da dau tQ xay dgng vd dQa vdo sQ dgng tdng cdng 53 hd vfli tdng dung tich la 383,5 nghin m^ nQflc, phgc vy eho khodng 26 nghin ngQdi.
TQ thdnh cdng dd, trdn cd sfl de xudt eua UBND tinh Ha Giang, SQ chi dgo cfla Thu tudng Chinh
phu, ngdy 5.3.2012 dodn edng tae lidn Bp gdm: KH&CN, Kd hogch va Ddu tu, Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Nong thdn, Tdi chinh da di kiem tra ddnh gia ve ke't qud thuc hidn, cung nhU hieu qua dau tU cac cdng trinh hd chfla nQfle sinh hoat tgi Hd Giang, tQ dd dd xud't phQdng an tdng the giai quyet nguon nufle sinh hogt eho tinh, Dodn kiem tra da khao sat cdc hd chfla nuflc tgi 4 huyen va thd'ng nhd't eao ve hieu qua dau tu, tinh tien ich cua eac ho treo tai day.
Cd the ndi, dy an da ed hieu qua to Idn vd mat xa hdi, do la giQ ddn bam vung bien, on djnh ddn cu vung bien gifli. Tren cd sfl y kidn ddnh gid, kdt luan efla doan edng tdc, tinh Ha Giang dd lap dd dn trinh Chinh phu xay dflng
them 93 hd chQa trong giai dogn 2012-2015 vfli mong mudn se cap dfl nQdc sinh hogt cho nhan dan vung eao nui da, hgn chd bflt khd khan cho nhdn dan va gdp phan bao ve mdi trQdng sinh thdi, phat trien du Ijeh ben vQng tren vung Cdng vien dja chat toan eau - Cao nguyen da Dong Van.
TQ thanh cdng trong viec dp dung cdng nghd hd treo tai Hd Giang, trong tQdng lai, ndu dQpc nhan rpng, tai cac tinh vung eao, md hinh hd treo khdng ehi giai quyet nhu cau nude smh hogt eho ngQfli dan ma con gop phan han che nguy cd ve Iut ldi, han han...
gdp phan dam bao an sinh xa hpi vung bien cUdng cua To qud'c •
c ^ « „ x oAHo TopcN KHOA HOC „ S66n.m2013 CONGNGHE VIET NWf "