VIEN C H A N N U O I . Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - So 2 nam 2006
NGHIEN CUU TAO NGUON THlTC AN THO XANH CHAT LUONG CAO PHUC
VU
P H A TTRIEN CHAN NUOI GIA SUC AN CO TAI DONG VAN
Nguydn Thi Miii", Luong Tat Nh(/, Phiing Thi Van^ Hoang Thi Han' va Mai Thi Hudmg'
'Bp mdn Ddng cd va cay TAGS; "Bd mdn Kinh te va he thdng chan nuoi
• Phdng Ndng nghiep huyen Dong van
Tac gia de lidn he: TS. Nguydn Thi Min. DT: 04 8 348948: 0914657554 E-mail: nguyenthimuiiSvahoo.com
ABSTRACT
On-farm studies were conducted at 11 small scale households' in Dongvan district, Hagiang province in a period of two years (2003-2004). Nine improved pastures introduced were P. purpureum kingrass. P.
purpureum malagasca. Panicum maximum TD58. Paspalum atratum. B. ruziziensis, Tripsacum andersonii, Leucaena leucocephalla K636, Trichantera gigantea, Flemingia maciophyla for planting as cut and carry system. After 2 year conducting studies, the results showed that: (i) The improved grasses as P. purpureum, P.M. TD58, and Tripsacum andersonii gave high edible yields (83-243; 42-63 and 38-67 tottnes/ha/year, respectively), (ii) The P. purpureum can produce 152 tones/ha/year planting materials and delivered to other 50 farms inside the commune and others of district in the second year, (iii) The nutrient status of the soil was improved by using residues of grasses, maize stove as mulching for grass plantation (iv) Improved pastures and technologies of grass and by-products processing were introduced for producing high quality feeds have had good impacts on increasing feed resources for ruminants, contributing to increase of number of animals raising in farms and indirect effect on household incomes of H'mong farms in mountainous districts of Hagiang province.
Keywords: P. Purpureum kingrass, P.M. TD58, Tripsacum andersonii, Biomass yield. Feed, Processing, Soil fertility.
DATVANDfi ' ' V
Uii tidn phdt trien gia sue an cd Id hudng chid'n lupc mui nhpn trong phdt tridn chan nudi cua huydn Ddng Van. Nhung vide phdt tridn chan nudi trau, bd, dd lai gap phai trd ngai ldn la khd khan ve ngudn thirc an (TA). Mudn tang dan vat nudi trong huydn va phdt tridn chan nudi thanh nganh san xudt (SX) hang hod, ydu cdu ddu tidn la phai tao ra ngudn TA thd xanh cd nang sudt (NS) cao, chdt lupng tdt va phdt trien ben vtimg trong dieu kidn khi hau va thdi tid't cua vung sinh thdi Ddng Van. Muc tidu cua nghidn cum la ddnh gid kha nang SX, phdt trien md rdng mdt so gid'ng cd cd trien vpng trdn dat cd dp ddc cao viing niii dd huydn Ddng Van va nghidn ctru umg dung mdt sd bien phdp ky thuat che bid'n don gian va du trtr san phdm ttr cd hod thao vd cd dau du trir lam TA nudi bd, dd trong mtia ddng tai xa Ddng Van, huydn Ddng Van
VAT LIEU vA PHUONG
P H A P NGHIEN CtfUThiet lap md hinh thu nghiem vd phdt trien md rpng cdy thuc dn gia sue Cdc budc tiep can
{[) Chpn cdc ndng hd trong huyen (tu nguydn vd cd nudi trau bd). Ndng hd dupc chpn tham
gia thi nghidm (TN) phai cd dien tich ddt trdng mdi it nhdt 1500m^ (ii) Kidm tra dieu kidn
sdn cd trong cac ndng hd tham gia TN; (iii) Dua can bd khuydn ndng huyen, xa va cac
i'^ NGUY§N THI MUI. Nghien cim tgo ngudn thicc dn thd .xanh...
ndng dan then chdt ve Ba Vi, Ha Ndi vd cdc vimg trdng cay TA gia siic tham quan 1 tudn.
Tap hudn cho hp ve ky thuat trdng cd. che bid'n TA thd xanh; (iv) Dinh hudng nhdm gidns thich hpp cho vting Ddng Van; (v) Tuy dja hinh, chdt ddt, khd nang tudi tidu. dieu kidn kinh td mdi hd ma dua ra thidi ke TN, che dp cham sdc (cd chu hd hoac chu trang trai tham gia).
Cdc ye'u td ky thuat xen vdo: khuyd'n cdo cdc gid'ng cd cd NS. chdt lupng cao. ky thuat che bid'n bao quan, cdch umg dung., mdt sd hd trdng tham canh dting phan hthi co 20 tdn/ha Tien hdnh cdc thi nghiem sau khi dd chgn cdc hp tham gia nghien cicu
TN 1: Nghidn ctai tao ngudn TA thd xanh chat lupng cao: 9 gid'ng cd dupc trdng cudi thdng 11/2002 tai mdt ndng hd (2000 m^) dd khdo nghidm kha nang chju lanh ctia cd tai Dong Van. 5 trong 9 gid'ng cd cd kha nang chju han, lanh dupc dua vao nghidn cthi md rdng [theo "Phuong phdp phdt trien cd trong ndng hd" cua Peter va Vv'emer (1999). kdi hpp vdi phucmg phdp Khuyd'n ndng ed su tham gia ctia ngudi dan (PAEM. 2003)]. TN dupc tie'n hanh tai 11 hd ndng dan xa Ddng Van. Trdng cd trong cac ndng hd (thang 3 dd'n thdng 5/2003) dd theo ddi cdc chi tidu NS ky thuat ttmg gid'ng. 'Hieo ddi kha nang cho chdt xanh cua cdc gid'ng cd trong 11 hd, thu hoach cd theo ttmg lti:a cdt trong nam. Tai mdi ndng hd, cdc gid'ng cd dupe khao sat 5 mdu /I Iiia cdt (it nhdt 50m^ /I d mdu khao sdt ). Tinh NS xanh cdc gid'ng cd bdng tong sd lira cat trong nam. Chdt lupng cd: Idy mdu cd gitra mtia mua va giua mtia khd, giri vd phan tich thanh phdn hod hpc tai Vidn Chan nudi.
TN 2: Ddnh gid kha nang SX gid'ng ctia cd Voi: theo ddi kha nang SX gidng ctia 2 gidng cd ehinh (cd Voi va cd TD58) (nhan gid'ng vd tinh): danh 1/3 tdng didn tich trdng cd tai 9 hd (trong 11 hd dupc chpn) de trdng cd gidng.
TN 3; Ddnh gid kha nang chju lanh ctia mdt sd gid'ng ed: 5 trong 11 hp dupc chpn thtr nghiem kha nang chju lanh qua ddng (cd tuyet roi) cua cdc gid'ng cd: diing rom, than eay ngd khd tu gd'c trong miia ddng. Chi tidu theo ddi: mat dp cay mpc qua ddng, kha nang sinh trudng cua cay, NS lira cdt sau khi qua ddng, trang thdi dinh dudng ctia ddt cd va khdng cd 11 gd'c theo "Bio-test" (Phan Gia Tan, 1993). Trdng ngd trong mdu ddt TN, .sau 35 ngay thu ngd de xdc djnh NS sinh khdi va NS bd rd ngd (qua tdng NS ngd va NS bd rd ngd de gian tid'p xac dinh trang thdi dinh dudng ddt).
T N 4 : Che bid'n cd xanh, rom tuoi du tru cho mua ddng, che bid'n bdnh dinh dudng lam TA bd sung cho gia sue an cd trong mua ddng: Chpn 3 hd phoi khd cd TD58 du tru trong mtia khd. Tap hudn cho ndng dan vd cdn bd khuye'n ndng huydn ve che bid'n banh UMB (urea-i-ri mat-i-khodng) de nudi gia sue trong mua ddng vdi khdu phdn la cd khd va tidn hanh thtr nghidm trong 3 hp. Chpn 3 hd thi didm ii ehua cd Voi, cd Guatemala, than cay ngd, xir ly rom tuoi u urea theo 2 each (bd xay va tiii nilon cd 0 90 cm)
KET QUA vA T H A O LUAN Tao ngudn thiicc dn thd xanh
Nhidt dp trung binh cdc thdng miia ddng d Ddng Van rdt thdp (cd thang O'C va cd nhtrng ngay tuydi roi), mua rdt it hoac khdng cd la mdt trong nhtmg khd khan rdt ldn cho
VIEN C H A N NUOI. Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - So 2 nam 2006
SX ndng nghiep. Thdng 11/2002, 1 hd ndng dan trong huyen trdng thir nghiem 9 gid'ng cd {P. purpureum kingrass, P. purpureum madagasca, Panicum maximum TD58, Paspalum atratum, B. ruziziensis, Guatemala. Leucaena K636. Trichantera gigantea, Flemingia macrophyla) qua 4 thdng mtia ddng. Kd't qua la cdc gid'ng deu sdng dupc qua ddng lanh (cd tuydi, suong mudi) va da phdt trien tdt trong xuan he 2003. Thdng 3/2003, cdc gid'ng cd tren dupc trdng tai 11 ndng hd (Bang 1). • •.; ' ' . : ••'• i •. nrtjp oi
Bang 1. Cdc gid'ng cd trdng trong ndng hd va phuomg thirc trdng sv.A w. \ Ten ndng hp Trong Duy tri & trdng
nam 1 (m2) mdi nam 2 (m2)
Phuong thire trdng
•n»;i1i
Nguyen van Ngdn 3000 3000 Sinh Ml Sinh 2000 4000 Ldu Sinh Gia 4000 4000 Vir Va No 5000 5000 Vang Sia Sdu 2000 2000 Hoang Trung Hinh 5000 5000 Luong Man Thudng 10000 10000 Hoang Thj Trinh 2000 2000 Lucmg Man Hon 2000 3500 LtiAPdo •• 2000 3500 J^t^A^Qudy 2000 3500
Trong thuin, xen dudi cay lam nghidp Trdng thuan ,
Trdng thudn, xen dudi cay Md
Trdng thudn , , _, ^/.^ift-.^?".
Trdng trong vudn tap '-y Trdng thudn (tham canh)
Trdng thuan
Trdng thudn rl^wjai.- Xen dudi cay lam nghiep
Trdng thudn d j , / ;-// sA rinirlj
Trdng thudn i Didn tich trdng cd on djnh. trtr 3 hd nhan rdng didn tich (Bang 1). Mdt so hd ban
gid'ng theo kd hoach thu mua ctia huydn dd nhan rdng cho cdc xa trong huydn. t.nji yu^m^u Bang 2. Nang suat xanh cua mdt sd gidng co trdng tai cdc ndng hd
Nam thir nhai
Tdn nong h6
Nguydn Van Ngan Sinh Ml Sinh Lau Sinh Giang Vir Va No
Vang Sia Sau ;,.
Hoang Trung Hinh Luang Man Thuong Hoang Thi Trinh Lucmg Man Hon Lil A Pao Lil A Quay SE
Co Vol Lii:a
cat 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 3
-• 3 . ri:
(P.purpureum) Cao
tham (cm) 126 115 122 115 128 127 131 117 133 115 123 9,4
NS (tan/
ha) 125.7 124,4 15.1 53,0 109,8 144.6 89,6 23,0 103,3 132,4 114,4 87,6
Ghmd (TD58) Lii;a Cao
cat tham (cm)
3 82 3 75 2 86 3 75 3 75 1 63
1 86
11.0
NS (ta'n/
ha)
57,5 41.3 19.1 32,7 ..
50.8 47.3
13,0
7.2.5
Guatemala Lii:a Cao
cat "''"'"
2 105 2 102 2 103 r ; -;.il r
2 98 1 115
* n i j m\\\ IV
2.56 NS (tan ha)
35,7 27,8 26.3
28,9*
38,0
5.3
r, NGUYEN TH] MOI. Nghien cim tgo ngudn thicc dn thd xanh...
Nam thii hai
Tdn nong ho
Nguydn Van Ngan Sinh Mi Sinh Lau Sinh Giang Vir Va No Vang Sia Sau Hoang Trung Hinh Luong Man TTiuong Hoang Thi Trinh Luong Man Hon Lil A Pao •' Lil A Quay ,, SE
Co Voi (P.purpureum) Lira Cao NS
cat tham (tan/
(cm) ha) 4 111
4 no
4 115 3 108 4 111 4 109 3 113 2 105 4 113
4 too
4 102 3.54
244,3 217,0 229,6 162,4 173,6 242.2 162.2 83,3 172.9 236.6 242,9 88,4
Ghind (TD58) Lura Cao NS
cat tham (tan/
(cm) ha) 3 62 3 81 2 71 2 61
3 66 5.5
51.4 59.1 51,9 42,3
63,0 4.2
Lii:a cat
2 2 2 2 1
Guatemala
Cao Iham (cmj
76 71 81 78 74
2.1
NS (tan ha) 67.4 62.8 66,2 71.2 38,0
11.7
*: Guatemala trdng xen trong ngo
Trong nam thtr nhdt, do vu trdng khde nhau (thang 2, thang 4 va thdng 5/2003) ndn sd lira cdt cua cdc gid'ng ed trong cdc hd cung khde nhau (Bang 2). Do che dp phan bdn, cham sdc rdt khde nhau ndn NS lira cdt cd Voi khde nhau rat rd gitra cdc ndng hd. NS chdt xanh cd Voi tang tai nam thtr hai (binh quan 197 tdn/ha, cao nhdt 242,9 tan vd thdp nhdt 83.3 ta'n/ha). NS cd Voi tang 118% so vdi nam thtr nhdt (90,3 tdn/ha nam 2003). Chi phi SX Ikg cd xanh bid'n ddng rdt rd va udc tinh NS ddng vat sd'ng tren mdt don vj dien tieh se ttiy thudc Idn vdo che dp trdng cd tham canh hay quang canh (Bang 3 va 4). Cac gidng trdng it, dang nhan gid'ng: P. atratum, B. Ruzicinensis, /'Madagasca. Cdc gid'ng chua du didn tieh khao sdt: Leucaena K636, Trichantera gigantea, Flemingia Macrophyla
Bang 3. Gid chi phi cho 1 kg cd xanh, udc tinh sd gia stic cd thd nudi/ha cd xanh
Nong hp Nguydn Van Ngan Smh Ml Sinh Liu Sinh Giang Vir Va N6 Vang Sia Sau Hoing Trung Hinh Luang Man Thuong Hoang Thi Trinh Luong Man Hon Lil A Pao Lu A Quay
Gia chi phi N a m 1 190 192 316 451 218 165 267 1039 231
181 209
1 kg ed xanh dong/kg
N a m 2 98
110 104 147 138 99
14':' 287 138 101 98
^ N a m 1 22 22 13 9 19 26 16 4
18 23 20
N S V C K , tan/ha/nam
Nam 2 43 38 41 29 31 43 29 15 31 42 43
U d c tinh so gia sdc* co the nuoi, con/ha Nam 1
9 8 5 4 7 10 6 2 7 9 8
Nam 2 17 15 16 11 12 16 11 6
12 16 17 Tinh theo FAO (1996): 2600kg VCKIgia siiclndm
VIEN C H A N NUOI. Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chan nudi - Sd 2 nam 2006
Bang 4. Chi phi cho 1 ha cd trong tham canh tai Ddng Van (tridu ddng)
Ndi dung thud khoan Cdng lao ddng
Lam dai:
Bdn phan: 15 cdng/ha/nam ^•
Trdng, dam cd hang nam: 40 cdng/ha Cham sdc cd dai: 50 cPng/lua/ 31ii'a/nam/ha Thu hoach. chuyen chd: 300 kg/cdng: 50 cong /\ua X 3 lua/nam/ha ^v
Cdng xdi: 3 cdng/thang/6 thartg/ha Gid'ng cd
Hom gid'ng Phan bdn cac loai
Phan dam: 300 kg/ha . Phan lan: 400 kg/ha Phan kali: 200 kg/ha Phan hum co 10 ta'n/ha/nam
vat re tidn phuc vu thi nghiem (cudc) Cpng
DVT Ha Cdng Cdng Cdng Cdng Cdng kg kg kg kg Tan Cai NS xanh binh quan: 182ta'n/ha: Gia chi phi Khd ndng sdn xudt gidng cua Cd voi
So lupng 1 15 40 120 150 18 4 0 0 0 60 400 200 10
5 •• - ; *
cho 1 kg cd xan
Don gia 0.9 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.0008 0.0045 0.0015 0.0045 0.500 0.03 h S X r a : 108
Thanh tidn 9,475 0,900 0,375 1,000 3,000 3,750 0,450 3,200 3,200 6,770 0,270 0,600 0,900 5,000 0,150 19,600 ddng
NS gidng cua cd Voi tai Ddng Van: 152,7 ta'n/ha, lupng chat xanh tan dung cho gia siic: 38,9 tdn/ha. Tdng so gid'ng cd Voi ttr cdc hd tham gia nghidn ctru: 21.354kg, trong dd Phdng Ndng nghiep huyen Ddng Van da mua lai 9.690kg (350d/kg) de phan phd'i cho ndng dan trong huyen. Nhd dd da tang thu nhap va ciing cd tin tudng cho ndng dan H'mdng ddi vdi trng dung ky thuat mdi tao ngudn TA xanh cho gia sue an cd. So gid'ng cdn lai dupc dua them vao 27 hd trong huyen {Gidng cd do cdc hp tu nhdn rpng trong hp khong bao gdm tromg ket qud ndy) u^^. ,, j^^,
Khd ndng chdng chiu qua mua dong cua cdc gidng cd thi nghiem ,y
Bang 5. Nang sua't xanh ctia ngd trdng tren mdu ddt Idy tir cdc d thi nghidm trong cdc ndng hd sau 5 va 12 thdng tu ddt va khdng tu dat
Sau 5 thang tu ranh
Sau 12 thang til ranh
Ten nong hg Vir Va Nd Ldu Sinh Giang Sinh Mi Sinh Sinh Siia Pd Hoang Trung Hinh Vir Va Nd
Ldu Sinh Giang Sinh My Sinh Sinh Sua Pd Hoang Trung Hinh
NS tdng sd, g/ttii Tu dai Khdng phti
47±2,5 44±1,5 29±3,0 33±1,7 33±2.1 34+3,0 26±1,5 21 ±2,7
100±7 88±3,2 36±0,4 31+1,9 25±0,6 28±1,5 27±0,8 24±1,1 29±0,5 19±0,6 82±3,7 71±3,1
NSbd dai Phu ddt
24±3 15±1,6 17±1,5 12±0,9 'f^' 29±3,4
21 ±0,3 r. 16±0,5
;r 13±0,3 15±0.6 49±1,4
rd ngd, g/ttii Khdng phu ddt
29±2,1 17±2,0 14±0,8 I0±0.6 30±2,4 17±0,9 18±0,5 16±0,8 14±0,2 51±1,4
N G U Y E N THj MUI. Nghien cim tgo ngudn thicc dn thd xanh ..
l ! ' | i ; l > ; l ' ; l ! ; n / l ' ; l ' ; l ! ' | i / l
Kiru do 1.
Hoang Trung Hinh Sinh Sua Po .Sinh .My Sinh L.iiu Si'nh Giang VCr Va No
r
^nh h
)
uong cua qua miia
1
10
tu goc I h a m co den so dong.-V/fl/n/mi
1
^ ^ " 1 26
^ ^ - ^ I^X
I 1
20 yo mam moc
".s
• Khong lu D TiJ goc
• • 1
40
Bieu do 1- Anh hudng ctia tu gdc tham cd de'n sd mam mpc trong miia dong (mam / m")
Nhan xet: dting rom, than ngd khd tii gd'c cd trong mtia ddng khdng cd sai khac y nghia ve mat dp cay, td'c dp sinh trudng cua tham cd va dinh dudng tdng sd ciia ddt trdng CO. NS ngd trdng trong cdc mdu ddt Idy ttr cdc d thi nghidm (Bang 6), qua Bio-test, cho thdy sau 5 thdng tu gd'c. trang thai dinh dudng ddt tong sd chua cd sai khac (P>0.05) ve cdc chi tieu theo ddi ctia tham cd vi ihdi gian thi nghiem cdn ngdn (8 thang) chua du tac ddng ve thdi gian cho su phan giai cdc thanh phdn htru co ttr than ngO hoac rom ra. Nhung sau 12 thang til gd'c, sd mdm cd mpc sau mtia ddng d cdc Id tu gd'c cao hon rd ret (P<0.05) cdc Id khdng tu (Bieu dd 1). .. , ,
Kit qud ve che bien cd xanh, thdn Id ngd sau thu hogch vd ram tuai Chdt lupng ctia cd Voi u ehua va rom tuoi ti urea chi ra d Bang 7.
Bang 6. ITianh phdn bdnh bd sung dinh dudng cho 100 kg thanh phdm Urea:
Xi mang:
B6t dai set:
Thanh phdn hoa hoc VCK Protein Khoang NDF ADF
10kg 2kg 4kg
Bang
Ri mat/dudng phen:
Mudi an:
Bpt ngd:
7. Chdt lupng ctia cd Cd Voi
Dang tl Dang tuoi 19.6
8.86 13.80 57.33 34.85
17.7 8.97 11.86 55.17 35.21
Rom tuoi urea 40.09 23.15 16.74 66.83 38.71
45-50kg Voi bpt: 4kg 0,5kg Trau nghidn: 20-30kg 5kg Bpt khoang: 1,5kg Voi Ll chua va rom tuoi ti urea
Kha nang str dung ctia gia sue Ngay 1: 33% gia sue an ngay; ngay 2:
60% gia siic an ngay; ngay 3: 100% gia siic an ngay. Gia sdc rai dd cha'p nhan. Phuong phap don gian, khdng tdn kem. Ngudi dan rai phan khdi
(Chua theo doi vd chdt lupng TA u chua va kha nang an vao cua gia stic)
3 hd phoi khd cd TD58 trong tiii nilon du trtr cho mtia khd kei hop che bien banh UMB (urea+ri mat+khoang) (Bang 6). nuOi gia sue trong mtia ddng tren nen khdu phan la
VIEN CHAN NUOI. Tgp chi Khoa hoc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - So 2 nam 2006
CO khd. 3 hd u chua cd Voi, Goatemala, than ngd, xir ly rom ti urea, xay 3 bd (4m'/be) va
dting tlii nilon ( 0 0,9m). •
^ .1 ' : i l . t n f . . .
Mpt sd ket qud khde j ,4 >
1 ac dgng true ttep ...
Sau 3 thdng trdng cd Voi va cd Ghind (nam thtr nha't), hau hdi cac hd trdng cd da thira cd xanh trong cdc thdng 7, 8 va 9 de nudi so gia stic sdn cd. Ngoai ra, mdt lupng Idn cd Voi, Ghind dupc dting lam gid'ng cho cdc hd tu nhan rdng dien tich cua chinh hp va chuydn cho cac hd mdi tham gia thir nghidm.
Tham quan tap hudn
To chtrc tham quan md hinh trdng cd va chan nudi gia stic tai Ba Vi (30 ngudi). Tap huan ky thuat trdng cd (26 can bd khuyd'n ndng huydn, 50 hd ndng dan), che bid'n va sir dung (55 hd). Tra Idi phdng van ve ddnh gid, 100% y kid'n cho rdng dd md rdng ra SX va budc ddu cd hidu qua tdt va 10/11 hd tham gia thi nghiem mua thdm gia sue (1-3 con) so vdi trudc khi trdng . ^^ , • . : ., ,,, .. . .m.. . - ... r... /.
, ^ ^ : , _ ; KET LUAN v A D ^ N G H r , ^ ^ . , ' ; ; , . , ; ' ; ; '
Ket ludn K:.I: ' r . • • ., , .<>• . i.-^ '•-nii <•/ r: - i - . . - •' H A i dtiAi u Trong 9 gid'ng cd khao sdt, cd Voi. Goatemala. Ghind TD58 cd sinh trudng tdt va da cho NS xanh cao trdn vimg nui dd huydn Ddng Van. Cd Voi cho NS cao nhat, sau dd ddn Goatemala va Ghind TD58. Paspalum atratum, B. ruziziensis, Madagasca dupc trdng cdn it vd dang nhan gidng. Leucaena K636, Trichantera gigantea, Flemingia macrophyla chua du didn tich khao sat. Md hinh tao ngudn cay TA xanh chdt lupmg cao da cd anh hudng tdt dd'n chan nudi trau bd trong cdc ndng hd ngudi H'Mdng (hp tu mua gid'ng co trong cho gia dinh), cdc hd trdng cd da thtra TA xanh cho sd trau bd hidn cd, bidt chd' bid'n, du trtr TA cho gia stic trong miia khd lanh trdn Ddng Van, Ha Giang.
De nghi
Cdng nhan kdt qua cua nghidn ctru va nhan rdng ra cac xa, huydn trong tinh. Cdn nghien ctru ve danh gid hidu qua kinh te ctia ngudn TA thd xanh chdt lupng cao thdng qua cdc thir nghidm trdn gia sue vd ddnh gid dp bdn virng ctia md hinh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO '" ' '^
ir « . ; . ( i ..::••
PAEM. 2003 - Guidelines on Participatory Agricultural Extension Methodology. SFDP Manual PAEM.
Sonla Provincial People's Committee
Peter M. Hom and Wemer W. Stur. 1999 - Developing Forage technologies with smallholder farmers.
Published by ACIAR and CIAT. ACIAR Monograph. No. 62
Phan Gia Tan, 1993. Effect on production of sugar cane and on soil fertility of leaving the dead leaves on the soil or removing them. Proceeding of National Seminar-workshop, Sustainable Livestock Production on Local Feed Resources, pp. 28-32.
Skerman P.J. and Riveros F.. 1990 - Tropical grasses and legumes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.