MOI QUAN HE G I Q A L A N H DAO CHUYEN MON CUA HIEU TRUONG VA HOC TAP PHAT TRIEN NGHE NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN PHO THONG
Nghien ciru nay dirac tai tra bdi Quy Phat trien l<hoa hoc va Cong nghe Quo'c gia (NAFOSTED) de tai: Nghien ciru mo hinh lanh dao chuyen mdn cOa hieu tnrdng nham hoc tap phat tnen nghe nghiep cho giao vien pho thong dap irng yeu cau doi mdi giao due d Viet Nam; Ma so 503.99-2018.301; Trudng Cao dang SL; pham Quang Trj chu tri;
TS. Trirang Dinh Thang lam chu nhiem.
D5Thj Le Hang Vien Tdm ly hoc.
Tran Hai Ngpc Trudng Dai hoc Ha Tinh.
Trirang Dinh Thang
Trudng Cao dang Supham Qudng Tri.
T O M T A T
Nghien cuu khdm phd moi quan he giita Idnh dgo chuyen mon cua hieu Irudng vd su hgc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien d 24 trudng tieu hoc vd THCS a 4 tinh/thdnh pho cita Viet Nam. Nghien cuu ndy su dung phuang phdp dinh tinh vd dinh lugng. Dir lieu thu thdp bdng bdng hoi tir 517 gido vien vd phong vdn sdu vdi 24 hieu truang. Ket qud nghien ciru cho thdy co moi quan he tich circ giiia lanh dgo ve chuyen mon cua ngudi hieu trudng vdi su hoc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien Nhirng phdt hien ndy dong gop cho su hieu biet cua chung ta ve mdi quan he ciia hieu trudng vd gido vien trong cdc trudng hoe hien nay, cung nhu khdng dinh them ket qud cdc nghien ciru trudc ddy. Ddng thdi, cung cdp cdi nhin sdu .sac cho cdc nhd hoach dinh chinh sach ve viec hd trg lanh dao nhd trudng, phdt trien chuyen mdn cho gido vien vd thay ddi trong gido due.
Tir khoa: Hgc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep; Lanh dao chuyen mdn; Gido vien pho thdng.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 2/2/2020; Ngdy duyet dang bdi: 25/2/2020.
TAP CHI TAIV! LV HOC, S6' 3 (252), 3 - 2020 41
1. M d d a u
Hidu trudng nha trudng ddng vai trd riit quan trpng trong vide td chirc va hd trp sir hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cua giao vidn trong trudng hpe (Hallinger va Liu, 2016; Tran, Hallmger va Truong, 2018; Tran va cpng sir, 2020; Dinh va cdng sy, 2020). Su phat tridn cua mpt "cpng ddng hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep" (Harris, Jones va Huffman, 2017; Vescio, Ross va Adams, 2008; Wang, 2016) hoac "van hda hpc tap" (Qian va Walker, 2013; Thoonen va cdng sir, 2012) ddi hdi sir lanh dao bidu qua ca tir cac nha lanh dao cao nhat va eSp trung gian (Geijsel va cdng sir, 2009; Leithwood va Louis, 2011;
Sleegers va cdng sir, 2014). Dp dd, cac nha nghien cuu da tim hidu didu kidn npi lam vide anh hudng nhu the nao ddn su tham gia ctia giao vidn vao vide hgc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep mpt each hidu qua. Ket qua da danh gia cao nhiing ddng gdp quan trgng ciia ngudi hieu trucmg trong vai trd lanh dao va quan ly, biit kd hg theo phong each lanh dao nao: chuyen quydn, giao dich, chuyen ddi hay chuydn mdn (Geijsel va cgng su, 2009; Hallinger va Liu, 2016;
He va Ho, 2017; Sleegers va cdng sir, 2014; Somprach va cgng sir, 2016; Tran va cpng sir, 2018; Tran va cdng sir, 2020).
Robinson va cac ddng nghiep (2008) cho rang, tam nhin, each quan Iy, su tham gia mang tinh xiiy ditng va hd trg hidu qua ciia hieu trudng ddi vdi vide hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cda giao vidn la ydu td quan trpng nhat anh hudng den vide hpc tap, thanh cdng va thanh tich ciia hgc sinh, Phat hien quan trgng nay da thuc day nhidu nha nghien ciiu tim kidm nhiing bing chirng ro ban vd each hidu trudng thuc day vide hgc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn trong tnrdng hgc (He va Ho, 2017; Liu, Hallinger va Feng, 2016;
Somprach, Tang va Popoonsak, 2016; Tran va cpng sir, 2020). Cac nghien citu gan day nhat vd thuc tidn tir trudng hgc nhan manh ring, cac hpi thao, khda dao tao tai chiic va cac chuong trinh nang cap bang cdp da thd bidn tim nhin ban hep, yl cac hinh thirc nay khdng thuc su hieu qua ddi vdi vide hpc tap phat trien nghd nghiep cho giao vidn (Borko, 2004; Denton va Hasbrouck, 2009).
Thuc td thi cae hinh thitc nay khdng du de giai quydt sir phirc tap va da dang cua giao due cung nhu cac vin dd diln ra trong bdi canh thuc tidn trong ldp hpc (He va Ho, 2017). Thay vao dd, cac nha nghidn ciru da lap luan ring, qua trinh hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn ndn dugc thuc hien trong bdi canh cac boat ddng dua trdn cdng viec, hpp tac, phan chidu, thuc nghiem va kien thuc chung tai trudng hpc (He va Ho, 2017; Little, 2012; Opfer va Pedder 2011; Tran va cgng sir, 2020; Webster-Wright, 2009). Khia canh xa bdi nay cua qua trinh hpc tap phat trien nghd nghiep cua giao vidn nang cao tam quan trpng cua viec dinh hinh lai cac chuin muc didn hinh trong trudng hpc tir quyen rieng tu, chii nghla ca nhan va truydn thdng ddn tinh phd thdng hgp tac
42 TAP CHI JAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020
trao quyen va thitc nghiem (Clement va Vandenberghe, 2001; Gumus, Bulut va Bellibas, 2013; Heck va Hallinger, 2014; Thoonen va cpng sir, 2012).
Nhiing kdt luan nay khing dinh vai trd cue ky quan trgng cita hidu trudng trong vice tap cac didu kidn thuan lgi cho viec hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn trong trudng hpc (Robinson va cdng sir, 2008; Timperley, 2011; Tran va cpng sy, 2018; 2020). Mpt sd thuc tidn lanh dao cua hieu trudng thd hien d quan hdhd trp cho vide xay dung cac chuin muc thuc diy vide hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cho giao vidn (Geijsel va cdng sir, 2009; Qian va Walker, 2013; Sleegers va cpng sir, 2014). NhiJng thyc tidn lanh dao khac ciia hieu trudng gdm cac phuang thirc phat tridn cac he thdng, didu kidn va quy trinh de cung cap hd trp hOu hinh cho vide hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cho giao vien nhu hgp tac, trao quydn cho giao vidn, giam sat va hudng dan thuc hien kd hoach, chuang trinh va cac chidn lupc khac nhau nham tao ddng luc cho giao vien (Hallinger, Lee va Ko, 2014; Liu, Hallinger va Ko, 2016; Liu va Hallinger, 2017; Qian, Walker va Yang, 2017; Tran va cdng su, 2020). Nhirng nghidn ciru nay da chiing minh rang, nhiing dac didm vira dd cap tren day tdn tai trong cac trucmg hpc d cac nudc Ddng A, noi van cd he thdng phan cap thir bac va giao vidn cam thay midn cudng hon khi bi tach khdi nhiem VAI dugc giao chinh thire ciia bo d trudng hpc (Qian va Walker, 2013; Qian va cdng su, 2017; Somprach va cpng sy, 2016; Tran va cdng su, 2018; Wang, 2016).
Lanh dao chuyen mdn cda hidu trudng cac trudng phd thdng ddng vai trd quan trpng trong hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep ciia giao vidn. Tuy nhidn, hien nay, nhiing nghien citu chuyen siiu vd mang nay d Viet Nam cdn kha khiem tdn, dac biet la ve mdi quan he giira hidu trudng ddi vdi qua trinh hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn. Chinh vl the, muc tidu cua nghien citu nay la tim hidu vide lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hieu trudng cd mdi quan he nhu thd nao tdi sy hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep ciia giao vidn d bac tidu hgc va trung hpc co sd.
Khai niem cdng cu
Lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hieu tnrdng- Nhdm nghien ciru su dung khai nidm ctia Liu va Hallinger (2017) vd lanh dao chuyen mdn. Dd la mpt qua trinh ma cac nha lanh dao trudng hpc ddng vai trd thuc day, hudng dan, hd trp hpc tap cua giap vidn va nang cao chat lupng giao dye va thanh tich cua trttdng hgc. Khai nidm nay gdm 4 thanh Id: (I) xay dung tim nhin, (2) cung cap bd trg hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep, (3) quan ly chupng Irlnh va (4) lam mlu (Hallinger, Liu va Piyamand, 2017).
Hgc tap phdt triin nghi nghiep ciia gido vien: Hoc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep ctia giao vidn dugc hinh thanh tir cac boat ddng gdm hpp tac (cdc hoat
TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020 43
ddng cimg nhau chia se kien thiic gitia ddng nghiep), phan chidu ly than (tir hgc tap, ren luyen), thir nghiem (thir dp dung cdi mdi trong thuc tien nghe nghiep) va hpc lap kidn thirc chung (tham gia cdc khda hgc tap, bdi dudng) ma thdng qua dd, giao vidn cd the cap nhat, md rdng va dao sau kidn thtic va ky nang ciia hp (Liu va Hallinger, 2017).
2. Phirong phap nghien cii'u
Dd phii hpp vdi muc tidu da dat ra, nghidn ciru nay sii dung phuong phap nghidn ciiu dinh lupng (sir dung bang hdi) kdt hgp dinh tinh (phdng van sau). Day la nghidn ciru dupc tidn hanh theo thidt kd cat ngang.
Chpn trudng: Sau khi lua chpn dupc cac dia diem khao sat dai didn cho ba mien, vdi su hd trp ciia can bd Phdng giiio due quan/huydn, nhdm nghien cuu dii ra soat danh sach cac trudng tieu hpc va trung hgc co sd trdn dia ban va chgn ngau nhien vdi tidu chi: (1) Trudng cdng lap, (2) Khdng phiii trydng chuydn, Irudng didm ciia quan/thanh phd, (3) Hidu trudng nha trudng san sang tham gia nghidn cu'u.
Mdu nghien cuu djnh duang: 517 giao vien tit 24 trudng tidu hpc va trung hgc co sd tai 4 tinh dai dien cho 3 mien (mien Biic chpn tinh Ninh Binh -
17,2%; mien Trung chgn Quang Tri - 34,2% va Hud - 28,6 %; Tien Giang dai dien cho mien Nam - 19,9%) tham gia nghidn cuu nay. Giao vien nir chidm 82%, giao vidn tidu hgc ta 47%, thdi gian day hgc trung binh cua giao vidn la 17,3 nam, do lech chuan la 8,4 nam. Vdi dac didm mau khach thd md ta trdn day cd the thay, trong nghien citu nay giao vicn chii yeu la nir va tham nien lam vide trung binh khoang 17 nam.
Mdu nghien cuu dinh tinh: Nghien ciru tidn hanh phdng van sau ca nhan 24 hidu trudng va 48 giao vidn; thao luan 2 nhdm giao vidn (mdi nhdm 5 - 6 ngudi khdng tham gia tra ldi phdng vin sau ca nhan). Bidn ban phdng vin sau dupc ghi chep day du va ma hda theo gidi tinh, cip day hpc, trudng, tinh.
Da lieu dinh tinh dupe sir dung dc phan tich ndi dung, xay dyng bang ma tran, lap bang so sanh nham giai thich cho dO lieu dinh lupng va dua ra nhirng phat hien mdi an dang sau nhirng cau chuyen phdng vin.
Cdng cu do lu&ng: Bai vidt nay sir dung 2 thang do trong bang khao sat.
Dd la danh gia cua giao vidn vd hoat ddng lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hidu trudng va boat ddng hgc tap phat trien chuyen mdn hien tai cda chinh hg.
Thang Lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hidu trudng do Liu, Hallinger va Feng (2016) phat trien tir viec kd Ihira ciia cac tac gia trudc dd gdm 25 menh dd (item), dugc chia thanh 4 tieu thang la lim nhin, hd trp, quan ly chuang trinh
TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020
va Iam mau. Dp tin cay cua toan thang do trdn miu nghien ciru la 0,96. Cac tidu thang do cd do tin cay dao dgng trong khoang tit 0,84 ddn 0,89.
Thang Hpc tap phat trien chuyen mdn cua giao vien dupc Liu va Hallinger (2017) phat tridn tir cac nghidn ciru trudc dd gdm 27 menh dd vdi 4 thanh td chinh. Dp tin cay Alpha (a) ciia toan thang do Hgc tap phat tridn chuyen mdn cua giao vidn trong nghidn ctru nay la 0,93 va cac tieu thang do nhu Hpp tac (6 menh dd, a = 0,84), Phan chieu ty than (10 menh dd, a = 0,88), Thir nghiem (5 menh dd, a = 0,77) va Hpc tap kidn thiic chung (6 menh de, a = 0,76).
Ca hai thang do deu sir dung thang 5 bac (tir 1 diem tuang img vdi Tdi khdng nghT vay mot chut nao tdi 5 didm tuang irng vdi Tdi nghi hoan toan nhy vay). Didm trung binh ciia cac menh de va thang do cang cao thd hien sy danh gia cita giao vidn vd boat ddng ciia hidu trudng va ban than hp cd nhidu boat ddng hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cang tich cyc. Cac tidu ydu td dupe hinh thanh tir vide tinh diem trung binh cua cac item da dupc xay dyng phii hpp vdi titng tidu thang do.
Phuffng phdp phdn tich: Cac bidn sd chinh ciia bai vidt bao gdm lanh dao chuydn mdn ciia hieu trudng la bidn ddc lap va hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cua giao vidn (hop tac, phan chidu, hgc tap va kien thuc chung) la bien phu thudc, Cac tieu thang cua bidn dpc lap va bidn phy thupc ciing dupe tinh toan dd lam rd vd thang do chung.
Ben canh dd, bien thdi gian Iam vide va cap day hgc cua giao vidn cung dugc xem la nhung bidn ddc lap trong vide phan tich cac md hinh dy bao. Ddi vdi cip day hpc cua giao vidn dupc nhdm nghien citu bidn ddi tit bien dinh danh (1 tuang irng vdi giao vien tidu hpc, 2 tuong irng vdi giao vidn trung hpc CO sd) trd thanh bidn gia vdi 2 gia tri la 0 va I theo trat ty tuang iing.
Cac phep phan tich dugc diing trong bai vidt nay la didm trung binh, phan tich tuang quan va phan tich hdi quy tuydn tinh.
Sii dung phdng vin sau nhim giai thich cho cac sd lieu dinh lugng thu dupc tir bang hdi.
3. Ket q u i nghien ciru
3.L Phac thao vi lanh dao chuyen mon cda hieu trudng vd hpc tap phdt triin nghi nghiep cda gido vien theo ddnh gid cua mau nghien cu-u
Kdt qua dp lydng qua thang "Lanh dao chuydn mdn ciia hieu hirdng" cho thiy, giao vidn danh gia tuang doi cao vd lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hieu tnrdng noi minh cdng tac vdi diem ttung binh (M) la 4,09 vdi dp lech chuan (SD) = 0,62.
TAP CHf TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020 45
Didm ttung binh ciia cac tidu thang do dao ddng xung quanh 4,1 diern. Tuy nhidn, trong bai vidt nay, nhdm tac gia khdng su dung cac bidn thanh phan lam bidn dpc lap, do vay se khdng di sau phan tich ma chi gidi thieu khat quat.
Tong hop cac phdng vin sau hidu trudng cho thiy, cac hoat ddng chuyen mon ho yp cho giao vien trong tnrdng bao gdm cac vipc nhu: chia se kinh nghiem vol giao vien, td chirc sinh boat chuyen mdn 2 tain/lin trong sudt nam bpc; tao dteu kien dd giao vidn dupc di hpc nang cao (hpc dai hoc, thac si), dupc tham dy cac ldp tap huin, sip xdp thdi gian day d trudng, sip xdp cdng vide d tnrdng hgp ly vdi timg giao vidn. Didu nay dudng nhu da khing dinh vai trd cua hieu tnrdng trong thuc diy hoc tap phat tridn chuydn mdn cua giao vien d cac nghien ciiu khac (Hallinger va cgng sy, 2017b; He va Ho, 2017; Liu va Hallinger, 2017;
Tran va cdng sy, 2020).
Biiu dd J: Phdn bd diem lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hieu trudng vd hgc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien theo ddnh gid cua mdu nghien ciru
46 TAP CHi TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020
Ddi vdi hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep ciia giao vien, kdt qua cho thiy boat dpng hpc tap cila giao vidn cd diem trung binh la 4,32 (SD = 0,42), Didm trung binh cac thanh phin trong khoang tit 4,2 ddn 4.4 didm. Didm sd nay cho thay, boat dpng hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep ciia giao vidn dang dupc didn ra kha thudng xuyen. Cac thanh phin hgc tap nhim nang cao chuyen mdn cua giao vidn dygc thd hien mpt each ddng deu khdng qua tap trung vao mdt thanh phin rieng biet nao do (bidu dd I).
Quan sat cac gia tri didm cila 2 thang do cd the thiy mac dii diem trung binh trdn 4 nhung vin cd mgt ty Id giao vidn danh gia diem trung binh thip nhit d thang do lanh dao la 1,32 diem va thang do giao vidn la 2,37 didin.
Trong cac phdng vin sau giao vidn, biu het ddu cho ring hp ddu tham gia hoat dpng hgc tap nang cao chuyen mdn hang nam.
Kdt qua thu dugc tir dinh lupng va dinh tinh ddu cho thiy, giao vidn tidu hpc va trung hpc ca so ddu phai hgc tap nang cao kidn thirc chuyen mdn thudng xuydn, vdi nhidu boat ddng da dang. Ciic chuong trinh hpc tap nay dygc didn ra theo hai hinh thitc la giao vidn tu hgc va hpc theo chuang trinh cua nha tnrdng va ciia Sd Giao due va Dao tao tii chttc. Didu nay ly giai cho vide hgc tap phat tridn nghe nghiep cua giao vidn cung nhu cac ydu td thanh phan ciia hgc tap phat trien nghd nghiep giao vidn deu d mirc kha cao. (3 miic dg nao dd, dudng nhy cac hinh thiic nay, dau each thd hien ten gpi khac nhau, deu cd trong cac nghidn ciru khac (Hallinger vii cdng sy, 2017a; Liu va Hallinger, 2017; Tran va cpng sy, 2018; Tran va cdng sy, 2020), dac bidt ydu td hgp tac the hien kha rd va dupe xem la quan trpng ddi vdi qua trinh hpc tap phat tridn chuyen mdn cho giao vien.
Bdng I: Tdng hapy kien cita gido vien tieu hgc vd trung hgc ca sd ve cdc hoat dgng hgc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cita gido vien
Hgp tac
Phan chieu tir than
Giao vicn tieu hoc | Giao vicn trung hoc co' so Dong nghiep ho trg khi chuan bi bai di thi;
Nhan duoc ho t r g ve ky ihual tin hgc, chuyen mon khi gap kho khan trong vice xay dung bai giang;
D6ng nghiep l i n g nghe va chia se nhij'ng kho khan cua minh trong qua trinh minh lam viec;
Giao vien Ion tuoi, co kinh nghiem se chia se cho nhung giao vien tre moi ve truang day.
Ban than giao vien cham chut trong bai giang, each day cua ban than
TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020 47
Thir nghiem
Hpc tap kien thirc
Tham gia hgi thi giao vien gioi Irong truoTig;
Len tiet dir gio dong nghiep;
Viet sang kien kinh nghiem;
Tham gia boi duong chuyen mon hang nam (So Giao due va Dao tao to chirc);
Hang thang to chirc boi dudng theo chii de (truang to chirc);
Thi giao vicn chii nhiem gioi.
Tham gia cac khoa hoc do Sa Giao due va Dao tao to chirc.
Dir gicr thao giang;
Tham gia cac cuoc thi, phong trao thi dua ciia nganh, cua thanh pho.
Lop boi duang chinh tri;
Nghi quyet, chinh sach mai.
Phuo'ng phap day hgc chuyen mon va nghiep vu cac mon:
lich su, dia ly, toan, vat ly, sinh hoc...;
Sinh hoat chuyen mon cua to chuyen mon.
3.2. Tuffng quan giira diem hai thang do Lanh dao chuyen mdn cda hieu trudng vd Hpc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien phd thong
Ket qua nghidn ciru cho thay, didm ciia lhang Lanh dao chuydn mdn cda hidu trudng cd tuong quan thuan vdi Hgc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep ciia giao vidn (r = 0,44; p < 0,001). Kdt qua nay khang dinh rang, lanh dao chuydn mdn ciia cac hidu trudng trong nghidn cuu nay cd mdi lien he kha chat tdi qua trinh hpc tap phat trien nghd nghiep cua giao vidn cap tidu hgc va giao vidn phd thdng ca sd. Hoat ddng cila lanh dao chuyen mdn cila hidu trudng cd miii quan tuong quan vdi sy hgp tac ciia giao vidn cao ban so vdi mdi tuong quan vdi cac bien thanh phan cdn lai trong bidn hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cua giao vidn (r = 0,48).
Sd lieu thdng kc cung cho thay, bdn thanh phin tao ndn sy lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hidu trudng nhy tim nhin, hd trp, quan ly va lam mlu ddu cd tuong quan thuan vdi hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn cung nhu vdi thanh phan cua nd gdm hpp tac, phan chidu, thyc nghiem va hpc tap kidn thirc chung.
TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, So 3 (252), 3 - 2020
Bdng 2: Moi tuang quan giita lanh dao chuyen mon cua hieu truang vd hoc tap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien (he so tuang quan pearson)
Liinh dao chuyen mon ciia hieu tnrdng (n = 517)
Tam nhin HolrCT
Quan ly chirang trinh Lam mau
Hoc tap phat trien
nghe nghiep giao vien
0 , 4 4 "
0,38*»
0,42*' 0,43**
0,38**
Hffp tac
0,47**
0,41**
0,46**
0,43**
0,40**
Phan chieu
0,37**
0,31**
0,34**
0,36»*
0,33**
Thyc nghiem
0,31**
0,25**
0,27**
0,31**
0,27**
Kien thure
0,35**
0,31**
0,36»*
0,34**
0,28**
Ghi chii: ": p < 0.01
Trong cac cap tuong quan, hai ydu td hd trp va quan ly chuong trinh cua hieu trudng cd tuong quan manh vdi hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp ciia giao vidn (r lin lupt = 0,42 va 0,43; p < 0,01). Mac dti manh han so vdi cac he sd tuong quan khac nhyng he sd tuong quan nay chi dugc xdp d mirc trung binh.
He sd tuang quan giira cac thanh phan cua lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hieu tnrdng vdi cac thanh phin cila hgc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cua giao vidn la thuan chidu. Tuy nhidn, he so tuong quan nay khdng cao, r dao ddng tir 0,25 ddn 0,46 tiiy theo tirng inoi quan he.
Sd lieu ciing cho thiy, he sd tuong quan giira yeu td thyc nghiem (thii nghiem cai mdi) vdi lanh dao chuyen mdn ctia hieu trudng la thip nhit so vdi cac yeutd cdn lai.
3.3. Ifd-c lu-ang kita nang du bdo hoat dpng lanh dao chuyen mon ctia hieu trudng den hpc tap phdt triin nghi nghiep ctia gido vien
Kha nang dy bao cila lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hidu trudng den hgc tap phat fridn nghd nghidp cila giao vidn dugc Men thj d 3 md hinh hdi quy (bang 3), trong dd cd kidm soat lin lugt titng ydu td cip day va tham nien cdng tac trong nghd day hgc.
Kdt qua d md hinh thir nhit cho thiy, lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hieu trydng cd kha nang dy bao mdt each ddc lap cho hpc tap phat trien nghe nghiep cua giao vidn vdi he sd ddc B = 0,44; p < 0,001. LTdc lugng du bao cua
TAP CHI TAM Vi HOG, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020 49
md hinh la 19,7%; p < 0,001. Didu dd cd nghla la hoat ddng lanh dao chuydn mdn cua hidu trucmg cd the lam tang hoat ddng bpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cua giao vien ldn khoang 0,44 didm tuong irng vdi tang gin 9% (thang 5 didm).
Bdng 3: l/dc luang dir bdo hgc lap hgc lap phdt trien nghe nghiep cua gido vien iheo bien ddc lap
Cac bien so doc lap Lanh dao chuyen mon ciia hieu truang
Cap day ciia giao vicn Thoi gian cong tac cua giao vicn Uac luong du bao ciia mo binh (R=)
Mu hinh 1 B 0,44
P
< 0,001
19,7%***
Mo hinh 2 B 0,45 -0,07
P
< 0,001
>0,0I
20,1%***
Mo hinh 3 B 0,46 -0,07 0,09
P
< 0,001
<0,1
<0,05 20,9%***
Ghichu: •**./)< 0,007,
Md hinh dy bao thir hai xem xet mdi quan he gitra lanh dao chuydn mdn ciia bidu trudng vdi hpc tap cua giao vidn vdi sy kidm soat ciia bidn sd cip day cila giao vidn. Ket qua cho thay, md hinh cd kha nang giai thich 20,1% cho sy bidn ihien cua bidn phu thudc. Sp vdi ind hinh thu nhit thi md hinh thir hai cd kha nang giai thich cao ban nhung khdng dang kd. Tai md hinh thit hai, trong dieu kidn cap day la nhu nhau thi lanh dao chuyen mdn cila hieu trudng cd tac ddng ddn hpc tap phat trien nghd nghidp cua giao vidn (B = 0,45; p < 0,001) tuong iing vdi 9,1 %. Trong md hinh nay, sd lieu thdng ke vd cip day cua giao vidn cho thay, xu hudng giao vidn cap trung hpc ca sd hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep nhidu bon so^ vdi giao vidn cip tidu bpc (B = -0,07; p > 0,01). Tuy khdng cd y nghia thdng kd nhung kdt qua nghidn cdu ciing cho thiy, mgt xu hudng la giao vien trung hgc co sd tham gia nhidu khda hpc lien quan ddn chuydn mdn hon giao vidn tidu hpc.
Mp hinh dy bao thit ba bd sung vao rnd hinh thir hai thdm ydu id tham nien nghd nghidp. Ket qua cho thiy, trong dieu kidn cac bidn sd la nhy nhau va muc y nghTa dat ra la 0,1 (sai sd 10%) ca 3 bien dpc lap ddu cd kha nang du bao cho hpc tap phat tri_cn nghd nghidp cua giao vidn. Trong dd, lanh dao chuydn mdn ciia hidu tnrdng vin la bidn cd kha nang dy bao cho hoc tap hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cua giao vidn (B = 0,46; p < 0,001). Tidp ddn la thdi gian cdng tac cua giao vien (lam vide cang lau nam thi vide bgc tap chuydn mdn
50 TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020
Men tai cila hp cang nhidu) (B = 0,09; p < 0,05). Giao vidn day d cip trung hpc co sd cd boat ddng hpc tap nhidu ban so vdi giao vien day d cip tidu hpc (B = -0,07;
p < 0,1). Md hinh nay du bao dugc 20,9%i cho hgc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp ctia giao vidn.
LTdc lugng hdi quy tuydn tinh tai ca 3 md hinh cho thay, boat dgng lanh dao chuyen mon cila hieu trudng duy tri kha nang lam tang boat dpng hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cila giao vien cH trong trudng hpp bi kidm soat bdi cip day va tham nien cdng tac cila giao vien. Nhu vay, chiing ta cd thd rut ra nhan xet chung tir ba udc lugng md hinh hdi quy trdn ring, hoat ddng lanh dao chuyen mdn ctia hidu trudng gdp phan lam tang boat ddng hpc tap phat trien nghd nghiep cila giao vien. Nhu vay, mdt khi boat ddng lanh dao chuyen mdn cua hidu trudng hudng ddn giao vien cang nhidu thi giao vidn cang tich cue trong boat ddng hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghiep cda minh. Trong bdi canh chuan bi cho ddi mdi toan didn giao due d Viet Nam, hoat dgng lanh dao chuydn mdn cila hieu trudng la didu kien thuan lgi thiic day hpc tap phat tridn nghe nghidp ciia giao vien d hai cap tidu hpc va trung hpc ca sd.
Kdt qua dinh lugng cdn tidp tuc dupe khang dinh thdng qua cac cudc phdng van sau cac bidu trucmg va giao vien.
Ngudi hidu trudng la dau tau, trong ngdi trudng se mang bdng dang cua ngudi hidu trudng. Thuc td, hidu trudng la ngudi niing ddng tbi boat ddng ciia trudng dd se rat la sdi ndi, tich cyc. Cach nhin cua hidu trudng cung dupc phan anh mpt phan qua cac hang muc dau tu trong trudng. "Tdi tu nhdn thdy bdn than minh khdng cd ndng khieu ve hdt mua nen hoat ddng vdn nghe cua tnrdng rat Id i ach Khdng phdi Id minh khdng ddu tu, minh cdng ddu tu trong khd ndng nhung md vdn yeu. Rieng viec hdt miia irudng idi khdng nhieu nhung hoat dgng thi thao lai rdt Id manh. Nhimg viec cdc em (gido vien) ldm khdng cd gidi nhung minh Idn xd, nang dgng, thi thdy bdng ddng cda minh trong nhiing viec dy nhieu" (nQ, hieu trudng trydng tidu hpc, Tidn Giang).
Hieu trudng ludn tao didu kidn cho giao vidn vd ca sd vat chat, didu kien day va hpc,... dd cho giao vidn cd ging phat tridn ban than bang nhieu each khac nhau. Vi du, nhu bd fri dpi ngu "Cd nhiing gido vien ndng luc cua ho muc ndo thi se bd tri vdo nhiing vi tri phii hap vdi ndng luc, cdn ddi vdi^
nhiing gido vien cd ndng luc cao han thi bd tri vdo nhimg viec cao han cd the giiip da cdc gido vien khde trong id. Gido vien mdi cTing nhan dugc sir giup dd, se cho di du cdc chuyen di di ho hoc tap, cdi thien, phdt triin han ve ndng life gidng day cita hg" (nit, giao vien trudng trung hpc co sd, Hue).
TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (252), 3 - 2020 51
Trong cac yeu to thanh phan ciia lanh dao chuyen mon, moi quan hp lu'ong ho giua yeu to ho trgf va quan !y chuong trinh tdi hpc tap phat trien nghe nghiep ciia giao vien manh han so vai 2 yeu to con lai.
Hieu Irirdng phdi luon di ddu, hieu trudng md khong ndng dgng, sdng lao, chit dong tin chdc chdn gido vien khong noi theo. Cho nen Id vai tro ciia ngirdi hieu trudng Irong viec thiic day hoc tap ndng cao nghe nghiep rdt Id quan trong. Toi dan cie dat to chi'tc thi gido vien dgy gioi, day Id mgt dip di gido vien phdn ddu vuan len trong qud trinh doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hoc, lo chuc tot phuang phdp day hoc. Hieu trirang md khong du gia, khong ndm bdt thi chdc chdn la khong ddnh gid duac doi ngii gido vien chinh xdc. Cdi thir hai nua, viec quan tdm true tiep den doi ngil nhir co gidi thirdng cho gido vien, co ho Ira giiip hg thuc hien tot nhiem vu trong qud trinh day hoc. Doi vdi cong nghe thdng lin, vi du nhu cong cu dgy hoc, minh phdi xem nhu cdu hg cdn gi de plmc vu cho liet dgy do de md ho trg. Ve phdn gido vien co khiem khuyet gi, Irong qud trinh du gia do minh se bo tiic cho hg (nam, hieu truong truong tieu hpc, Quang Tri).
Hieu Irudng cua minh rdt Id quan tdm, sdt sao, nam bdt tdm tu; nguyen vong cua anh chi em rdi Id lot, rdt tinh cdm, rdt nhe nhang nhung trong cong viec Cling rdt nghiem tiic, nghiem khac. Chi rdt tao ca hoi, anh em co nguyen vgng gi de dgt, chi rdt lang nghe vd co nhung lai khuyen rdt Id bo ich vd luon muon anh chi em phdt trien, khong bao gid kim hdm su phdt trien cua anh em, tdt cd mgi ngudi deu mudn gido vien Irong truang deu phdi vuan len. Co nhirng cdu noi, hdnh dgng, viec ldm khuyen khich, tao dong luc cho anh em (nQ', giao vicn truang trung hpc ca sd, Ninh Binh).
Trong cac phong vSn sau, khi danh gia vS ylu td t^m nhin ciia hieu trudng, giao vicn cac Irudng dudng nhu Ichong nhan ra mot each ro net. Giao vien thudng tra ldi hieu Irudng eo t§m nhin, tuy nhicn cu th6 nhu tha nao thi hau het hp deu l<hdng ro. Dieu nay iy giai cho m6i tuong quan giua \.km nhin cua hieu trudng vdi hpe tap phat trian ngha nghiep chuyen mon ctia giao vian Idiong manh. l^huc ta cho thay, giao vian Icho nSm bfit dupe t^m nhin eiia hieu trudng no ddi hoi giao vian phai trai qua qua trinh quan sat va trai nghiem mdi hieu dupc. Ph^n nhidu giao vien sc khong quan tam va khong ehii y dan didu nay.
4. Ket luan
Ket qua nghien euu cho th^y, co iTifii quan he ro rang giua lanh dao ehuycn mdn ciia hieu trudng, eac yCu t6 thanh phAn tdi qua trinh hpc tap phat trien nghe nghiep cua giao vien. Lanh dao chuyan iTion ctia hieu Irudng cd kha nang du bao cho hpc tap phat trien ngha nghiep ciia giao vian. 6 mpt muc do
52 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So 3 (252), 3 - 2020
nao dd thi didu nay cung dugc the hien d cac nghidn ciru khac cua cac hgc gia khac d khu vyc chau A va tham chi d Vidt Nam (Hallinger va cpng sy, 2017a, 2017b; Ho va He, 2017; Liu vit Hallinger, 2017; Tran va cdng sy, 2018; Tran va cdng sy, 2020). Trong bdi canh giao due d Vidt Nam cin phai khing dinh boat ddng lanh dao chuyen mdn ciia hidu trudng dang la ydu td quan trgng thuc diy boat dpng hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cila giao vidn trong qua trinh ddi mdi giao diic toan dien.
Trong khudn khd nghien cuu nay, viec hpc tap phat tridn nghd nghidp cua giao vidn THPT chua dupc de cap ddn. Hon nya, vai trd ddng lyc cua ngudi giao vien, nhu mdt ydu td rat quan trgng ddi vdi hpc tap lien tuc nang cao chat lugng giang day ciing chua dupc tinh den nhu nhung bien sd cd thd tang cudng chat lupng lanh dao cua hieu trudng thuc diy giao vidn hpc tap. Dd la mdt sd han chd cila nghidn ciiu nay can dupc xem xet trong cac nghien ciiu tiep theo.
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