198 II TRUGING BAI H D C T H D OO HA N J I
MOT SO GIAI PHAP THU HUT, HUY DONG VON DE PHAT TRIEN KET CAU HA TANG NONG THON
TINH BAC NINH
LuoTig Tuan Diic
UBND Huyen Gia Binh - Tinh Bac Ninh
Tdm tat: Tinh Bac Ninh phdn ddu trd thdnh thdnh pho true thupc Trung uang vdo ndm 2022 theo hudng "Hiin dgi, vdn hda. sinh thdi, tri thirc vd do thi thdng minh" theo su dongy cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ngdy 02/2/2017. De muc tieu trin trd thdnh Men thuc, vdn de ddy nhanh tien dp phdt triin cdc cdng trinh kit cdu hg tdng ndng thdn theo hudng do thi hoa la nhiem vu quan trpng. Biii viit di sdu nghien ciru cdc gidi phdp huy ddng vdn dephdt tnen kit cdu hg tdng ndng thon cua tinh. gdp phdn thicc Men tdt muc tiiu tren.
Tie khod: Bdc Ninh, kit cdu hg tdng ndng thdn, huy ddng vdn Nhan bai ngay 14.3.2019; giri phan biSn, chinh sita va duyet dang ngay 15.4.2019 Lien he tac gia: Luang Tuan Due; Email: [email protected]
1. DAT VANDE
Bac Ninh la tinh cd dien tich nhd nhtt hong sd 63 tinh thanh cua ca nude. Thupc dat Kinh Bac xua, Bac Ninh ed loi the ve van hoa du hch do cd nhiiu diu tich lich sii tin ngudng, tara linh (eac ehua chien, den thd) va van hoa phi vat thi da dupe ghi nhan (dan ca quan hp Bac Ninh)...; tuy nhien ve co ban, Bac Ninh vln la mpt tinh ddng bing, thuan ndng. Ngoai Nha may kinh Dap Ciu (bieu tuong eiia su phat hiin edng nghiep), thi khdng ed cac co sd, cum, khu cdng nghiep ldn, dupe chu hpng, dau tu phat trien nhu nhieu tinh, thanh phd khac. Loi the ldn nhat cua Bac Ninh chinh la vi hi ve tinh, eua ngd giao thuang vdi rapt khu vuc phat trien kinh te xa hpi dac biet sdi ddng, nang ddng, hieu qua va nhieu tiem nang phia Bie cua Thii do Ha Ndi. Bdi thi, UBND tinh Bic Ninh tir nhiiu nam qua, ben canh ngudn luc dau tu eua Dang va Nha nude, da xac dinh dudng hudng phat hien lau dai, ben viing, gan vdi dac thii dieu kien dia ly, dia van hoa... cua dia phuang. Viec md rpng cae khu che xuat, khu cdng nghiep, xay dyng cae khu vyc phat trien van hoa, du lich, dich vu; tao quy dit di xay dung cae "lang dai hpe" nham thu hiit dSu tu, thay ddi mdi trudng, diy nhanh tdc dp hien dai hoa dupe khuyin khich. Muc tieu tdng quat den nam
T ^ P £ H l ' KHOA HOC - 5030/2013 199
2030 eua tinh BSc Nmh dugc xac dinh la: "Phdt trien kinh te theo hu&ng ben vimg, co nin kinh ti Men dai, ndng luc canh tranh cao, kit cdu hg tdng dong bg, hien dgi... xdy dung tinh trd thdnh thanh phd true thuoc Trung uang giau dep, vdn minh, hien dgi". De hoan thanh muc tieu nay, giai doan nhiing nam 2025- 2030, nhu cau von dau ta eho phat trien Icit ciu ha ting ndng thdn, tung budc chuyen dich co cau san xuat, day nhanh qua trinh do thi hoa nong thdn theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa... la rat ldn.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. PhiTffng hirong huy d^ng v6n fle phat triin ket cau ha ting nong th6n tinh B$c Ninh din nam 2025, tjm nhin din 2030
De dam bao ngudn vdn cho phat trien ket cau ha tang ndng thdn, timg budc chuyen dich CO cau nganh nghe, tiln tdi la mdt tinh cd thi manh phat ttien kinh te, van hoa, xa hgi, phuang hudng huy dgng vln eua tinh duge xac dinh trong nhirng nam tdi gdm:
Thic nhdt, can eii vao kha nang can dii ngan sach hang niim, tinh ehu dgng xay dung ke hoaeh, phan ky diu tu phu hgp dl dam bao vln cho eae cdng trmh, cac du an trgng dilm, dac biet eac cdng trinh, du an phat triln cong nghiep chii chit, cdng nghiep tri duie.
Thir hai, tao lap mdi trudng thuan Igi va xay dung co che, chinh sach uu dai de tap trung huy dong mgi nguIn luc ttong xa hgi dl dau tu. Tap trung diu hr cac cdng trinh quan trgng mang tinh dot pha gin vdi lien kit viing, tag hieu ling lan toa, thiic day phat trien kuih tl gin vdi dam bao quoc phdng, an ninh.
Thic ba, van dung Imh hoat ca ehl chinh sach nhSm huy ddng vdn mgt each tieh cue, hong do khoi ggi va tan dung ngudn ndi lue la chu ylu. Huy dgng von hi nhieu kenh, nhilu hmh thiie huy dgng nhung phai dam bag binh ding, gin bd, tao dieu kien hd trg lan nhau ciing phat triln giiia eac ngudn vln, kheng phan biet del xu, ky thi bat ky ngudn vdn chinh dang nao.
Thu: tu, dii vdi vln doanh nghiep nha nude va tin dung nha nude, can khuyen khich, tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho cac doanh nghiep nha nude md rgng dau hr san xuat, kmh doanh; tang cudng bd hi vdn tin dung nha nude cho cac du an phat ttien ket cau ha tang nong thon uu tien.
Thii ndm, ddi vdi ngudn vln diu tu tvr doanh nghiep ngoai quie doanh, can ban hanh va thue thi nhit quan chinh sach khuyin khich, uu dai dau hr tten dia ban tinh.
Tha sdu, ddi vdi vln diu ht ttuc tilp nude ngoai (FDI), tinh chu truong cai thien mdi ttudng diu hi, tao Igi thi trong viec thu hiit nguon diu ta ttvc ti6p va gian tiep ta nude
200 I TRUCING OAl HOC T H O O D HA NOI
ngoai nhim xay dung he thing kit ciu ha ting ndng thdn, ttong dd chii ttgng vao he thong giao thdng nong thdn, he thing thiiy Igi, he thing xir ly nude thai, rac thai; ehii ttgng egng tac xiic tiln diu ttt dl thu hiit lan sdng diu ta mdi tit Nhat Ban, Hoa Kj' va eac quoc gia khac vao Viet Nam.
Tren thuc tl, Bic Ninh Men dang ed nhilu khu, cum cong nghiep rai deu d cac huyen, ttong dd tap trung nhilu nhit d eae huyto nhu Yen Phong, Tit San, Qui Vd. Trong taong lai, eac khu, cum cdng nghiep nay cdn ed nhu eiu md rgng, diu ta mdi nhieu hon niia. Bdi vay, ben canh viec quy hoach ehi tilt eac khu vuc danh cho mang edng nghiep, ehe xuat va van hoa xa hgi, viec huy dgng vln dl phat ttiln kit ciu ha ting ndng thdn la vd cimg can thiit; mgt mat bag dam su can ddi trong phat triln edng - ndng nghiep ben viing, mat khae, la su chuin bi ttudc cac dilu kien vl ca sd vSt ehit, mat bang... dl ddn nhan cae eo hdi diu ta, md rgng, phat triln mdi.
2.2. Mpt s6 giai phap thu hiit, huy dong v6n dg phat triin liit ciu ha tang nong thon tinh BSc Ninh giai doan 2020 - 2030
Nhim dap ling muc tieu din nam 2020 cd tten 80 xa dat chuin ndng thdn mdi (chilm tren 80% ting sl xa eiia tinh) va 4 dan vi eip huyen dat chuan NTM, Bac Ninh c&l phai xay dung ehiln luge, kl hoach huy dgng vdn cho phat trien ket eau ha tang ndng thdn, trudc mit va lau dai, can tap trung vao mdt sd giai phap then chdt sau:
- Xdy dung chiin luge, ke hogch huy dgng von ddu tu de phdt triin ket cdu hg tdng ndng thon tinh Bdc Ninh den ndm 2030
Mgt Id, xay dung quy hoaeh kit eau ha tang ndng thon tinh Bac Ninh theo hudng ddng bp, hien dai, gin phat trien kSt cSu ha tang eiia tinh vdi mang ludi ha tang trong nude va lien ket vdi cac khu vuc; can ra soat, lap quy hoach, de ra ca ehe, ban hanh quy dinh cae hang muc dau ta ket eau ha tang ndng thdn nhu he thdng giao thdng nong thdn, he thdng thdng tin, he thdng dien, cac eong trinh van hda, giao due - dao tao, y te... de thu hiit eac doanh nghiep, ngudi dan tham gia gdp vdn dau ta vao cac linh vuc nay.
Hai la, nang eao chat lugng cdng tac lap quy hoach, ke hoach huy dgng vdn, bd tri ngudn luc timg budc thuc hien quy hoaeh dam bao tinh ddng bd trong qua trinh dau ta.
Thuc hien cdng bd, cdng khai cac quy hoach da duyet theo quy dinh; tang cudng kiem tta, giam sat viec dau ta xay dung theo quy hoaeh da duyet.
Ba Id, tang cudng cdng tac quan ly nha nude ve quy hoach huy ddng vdn de phat ttien kit ciu ha ting ndng thdn, dl eao trach nhiem eua ngudi diing diu trong xay dung va td chiic thuc hien quy hoaeh, bao dam hieu qua va tinh kha thi. Coi trgng cdng tac giam sat, kilm tra, thanh tra thuc Men quy hgach va xu ly nghiem cae vi pham quy heach.
T^P CHl' KHOAHpC^ ^°^£^PJ^ ._^ ...^ „ L ^ ^ .Sd« la, quy hoaeh, ke hoach huy ddng vdn nham gdp phan thyc hien cac mye tieu va
cac dinh hudng phat trien ndng nghiep va xay dyng ndng thdn mdi nen cin phai gin viec xiy dyng ki hoach huy ddng vdn cho kit eau ha ting ndng thdn vdi viec thyc hien co eiu lai nganh ndng nghiep, cac chinh sach thu hiit vdn ngoai nha nude vao ndng nghiep, ndng thon.
- Hodn thien chinh sdch vd tdng cuong co chi qudn ly von dau tir phdt triin kit cdu hg tdng ndng thdn
Viee ban hanh ea chi ehinh sach dau tu, phat triin cac linh vyc, nganh nghi kmh ti, van hoa, xa hpi thupc thara quyen ciia Nha nude, thong qua cac bd, ban nganh hiiu quan.
Nha nude can phai tao khung phap ly thdng nhit, ddng bd; nghien cim, ban hanh cac co che, chinh saeh tao dieu kien thuan loi eho viee thue hien xa hpi hoa diu tu phat triin kit cau ha ting ndng thdn. Chinh phu can ban hanh Nghi dinh vi xa hdi hoa diu tu kit ciu ha tang theo hudng tang cudng phan cap eho dia phuong, khu vuc tu nhan, cac thanh phin kinh te, cac doanh nghiep trong dau tu, san xuat, kinh doanh; Nha nude chi dao thyc hien chiic nang quan ly, quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh, ban hanh cac, chinh saeh, td chiic thuc hien kiim tra va giam sat.
Tuy nhien, viec trdng chd vao co che, chii truang, chinh sach cua Nha nude ddi khi khien cac dia phuang bd Id cac eo hdi dau tu, md rdng lien ket, hpp tac phat trien. Chinh bdi vay cac dia phuong, trong dd cd Bac Ninh can ehii ddng de xuat vdi Nha nude, Chinh phu de nghien euu, ban hanh cae ca che, chinh sach dac thu nhim thu hiit va tang cudng quan ly vdn ngan sach, tap trung phat tri6n ket eau ha tang ndng thdn. Ddi vdi ngudn vdn tir ngan sach Nha nude, chi tap trung dau tu cho cdng tae quy hoach, hd trp dau tu eae c6ng trinh ha tang trpng yeu. Ddng thdi, day manh thu hiit eac ngudn vdn ngoai nha nude vdi cac phuang thiie xa hpi hda da dang.
- Qudn ly hieu qud ngudn vdn tic ngdn sdch Nhd nu&c cho cdc muc tieu phdt trien kit cdu hg tdng ndng thdn
Do ngu6n vdn ngan sach cdn han hep, nen de thuc hien muc tieu phat trien ddng bp k6t cau ha tang ndng thdn trong thdi gian tdi, Bac Ninh can phai huy ddng tdng lye cae ngudn thu vao ngan sach Nha nude. Tinh can chi dao cac co quan lien quan eai tien hinh thiic va bien phap td chiic thu ngan sach, thuc hien tdt phuang cham thu diing, thu dii, thu kip thdi, chu hpng nhiing ITnh vuc cdn that thu ldn hoac khd kiem soat, chii yeu d cac doanh nghiep ngoai qudc doanh. Thyc hien cac bien phap quan ly, giam sat eae ngudn thu;
tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat viec khai thue cua ngudi nop thue, phat hien va xir ly kip thdi nhiing sai pham trong ke khai, tinh thui, nop thui. Phan loai theo loai hinh doanh nghiep, quy md kinh doanh de giam sat chat che viee ke khai nhim khai thac hieu qua, kip
202 J _ TRUCING BAI HOC T H C l B a HA N O i
thdi nguIn thu. Tang cudng kilm tra, quan ly thu d eac co quan, don vi su ngMep eo thu nhu: Cae ttnidmg miu giao, hung hgc co sd vl thu hgc phi; Ban quan ly du an dau ta va xay dung eua eae dia phuang; Van phdng cip dang ky quyin sir dung dM; Cac co quan, don vi cd thu pM dugc hudng... Qua dd, lam tang do cMnh xae, dam bao dung quy dinh Men hanh, phin diu giam cip bii ta ngan sach, giam can ddi ngan sach eho dan vi va ta dd ed thi giao cho cae don vi tu dam bao va dam bao mgt phin kinh phi, hi cin doi dugc kmh pU su nghiep eua minh. Ddi vdi cae xa, dii trin bd hmh thiic khoan chuyin sang thue hien diu thiu cdng khai cho thue ao, hi, mat nuac dl san xuit nong ngMep, kinh doanh cac loai Mnh dich vu.
- Ba dgng hoa cdc nguon vdn ddu tu ngodi nhd nuac vd phucmg thicc thu hut, huy dgng vgn diphdt triin ket cdu hg tdng ndng thdn
Thii nhat, thu hiit vln tir doanh nghiep ngoai nha nude. Khuyen khich va tao nhieu dilu kien thuan loi eho cac doanh nghiep ndng nghiep xdy dung ttang trai, md rgng quy md san xuit, tim kilm thi ttudng tieu thu, tim kilm ddi tae lien doanh; md rgng eae hgat dgng tin dung, ngto hang, chg cae doanh nghiep vay vln uu dai vdi nhiing co ehe thuan loi; tao dilu kien eho cac doanh nghiep boat ddng san xuit kinh doanh eo hieu qua va dam bao thue Men tit nghia vu nop ngan saeh nha nude. Tmh BJe Ninh cin hoan tMen ddng bg nhiing cMnh saeh un dai ddi vdi doanh nghiep dau to vao ket can ha tang ndng thdn nhu chinh sach dit dai, chinh sach tai chinh, thue, tao mdi trudng diiu to dn dinh, thong thoang va binh ding giQa cae thanh phin kinh tl dl cac doanh nghiep ed eo hdi nhilu hon trong kinh doanh va san xuat.
Thic hai, huy dgng ngudn lue ttong dan de day manh dau ta phat ttien ket eau ha tang ndng thdn. Diiu ta phat ttien ket cau ha tang ndng thdn khdng chi trdng chd tir ngudn vdn ngiin sach hay cac doanh nghiep ma can cd su tham gia ddng gdp tich cue ta phia ngudi dan. Cac hmh thiie huy ddng ngudn lire trong dan rat da dang, ed the huy dgng bang tien, ngay edng hoae tai san. Tuy nhien, de huy ddng duge nguon lue dd can phai xem xet va danh gia kha nang ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan, tranh huy ddng qua siic dan, nen tap trung vao loai cdng trinh can huy dgng nhieu nhan luc tlhu; nao vet kenh muong ndi ddng, xay dung giao thdng ndng thdn...
Thir ba, md rdng thi trudng tin dung eho diu ta ket can ha tang ndng thdn. Nha nude cd CO che de doanh nghiep to nhan tiep can ngudn vdn tin dung thuang mai nhu: bao lanh, hd ttg lai suat cho doanh nghiep dau to ket eSu ha tang ndng thdn. Tinh Bac Ninh can xay dung va trien khai ke hoaeh huy dgng vdn ta phat hanh ttai phieu ehinh quyen dia phuang, tao them mdt kenh huy dgng vln mdi phii hgp vdi cae du an kit ciu ha tang ndng then de dam bao dap iing kip thdi nhu eiu vl vdn eho diu ta xay dung ket can ha tang cap bach va
TAP CHI KHDA H D C - S a a O / Z D l S || 203
trpng diem. Phat hanh hai phieu nhieu loai ky han, da dang hda ve lai suit, hinh thuc, phuang thiic thanh toan lai va gdc nham dem lai eac loi ich khac nhau cho nha diu tu va hoat ddng cua thi hudng tai chinh. Ddng thdi, triin khai huy ddng vdn thdng qua phat hanh trai phieu dia phuang tir ngudi dan d nhung khu vuc dupe hudng loi tir kit ciu ha ting nong thdn dau tu bing ngudn vdn hai phieu dia phuang.
Thir tu, Iri^n khai manh rae cae ehinh sach thu hiit diu tu nude ngoai vao eac cdng trinh ket eau ha ting ndng thdn. Hoan thien thii tue hanh ehinh trong viec dang ky va triin khai cae dy an dau tu, ciJng nhu day manh minh bach hda thdng tin diu thiu. Thu hut vdn ODA cho ITnh vyc xay dung va nang cap ket eau ha tang ndng nghiep, ndng thdn va nang cao miie sdng eiia ngudi dan d khu vyc ndng thdn gin vdi bao ve mdi trudng smh thai. Uu tien keu gpi dau tu cho eae du an ve thuy Ipi: nhu du an nang cap he thdng de dieu bao dam an toan de iing phd vdi bien ddi khi hau, cae dy an ve hoan chinh he thdng tieu ung, cung cap nude eho phat trien ndng nghiep dn dinh, xd ly rae thai, chat thai khu chan nudi, bao ve moi trudng, xay dyng trudng dao tao nghe trong lihh vyc ndng nghiep...
- Hinh thdnh thi truong tdi chinh ndng thdn vd kiem sodt hogt ddng huy ddng vdn tgi khu vuc ndng thdn
Hinh thanh va kiem soat thi trudng tai chinh nong thdn la giai phap can thiet trudc mat gop phan huy ddng va quan ly, sir dung von eho phat trien ket cau ha tang ndng thdn d tinh Bac Ninh. Vi vay, can tang cudng vai trd quan ly eiia nha nude trong cae hoat dong tin dung ndng thdn nhu xay dyng va quan ly cac quy hoach phat trien ket eau ha tang ndng thon; su dung dat, thue hien chinh sach giao dat va cap chimg nhan quyen sir dung dat tao thuan Ipi eho cae hoat ddng xiie tien dau tu va eho vay, the chap trong tin dung ndng thdn.
Thyc hien eae hd ho true tiip tai ehinh - tin dung cho cac chuong trinh xay dyng ket cau ha ting ndng nghiep trpng diera. De thyc hien dieu nay, trudc mat UBND tinh cSn nghien cuu va triin khai ngay mdt sd hoat ddng sau:
+ Tang cudng nang lyc tai chinh, quan tri nii ro va ddi mdi hoat dong cua cac to chiic tin dung nong nghiep ndng thdn, ndng cdt la Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thon, Quy tin dung nhan dan, Ngan hang Chmh sach xa hdi theo hudng tai eiu tnic va tang vin diiu le, tang nang lyc tai ehinh cho eae dinh che nay; cai tien phuong thiic eho vay vin cua ngan hang theo hudng giam bdt eae thu tuc phien ha, nham tao thuan Ipi eho ngudi vay di dang va nhanh chdng vay dupe vdn vdi chi phi giao dich thip, thu tuc dan gian...
+ Tang cudng da dang hoa eac nguon vdn va san pham tin dung cho phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn. Nha nude cin md rpng tu do hda, ciing vdi tang cudng tieu chuan hda va cac hoat ddng giam sat hoat ddng cua eac to chiic tin dung chinh thiie (he thdng ngan