KHOA H O C - C 6 N G N G H £ So 11/2018
Lap trinh mo phong canh bao dam va tau
(5am bao an toan hang hai trong vung nu'oc han che
•TS. T R A N K H A N H T O A N - Trudng Dgi hoc Hdng hdi Viet Nam
TOW TAT: Bai bao gioi thieu su can thiet, mo hinh toan va ket qua lap trinh mo phong cinh bao dam va tau trong vung nuoc han che Ket qu^ tinh toan, lap trinh mo phong canh bao dam va dugc thuc hien v6i mo hinh tau thyc trong cac tinh huong dieu dong tranh vuot nguy hiem dien hinh TLf KHOA: Dam va tau, du doan bang phuong phap so, mo ph6ng quT dao tau, thi!iy dong luc hpc tau, dieu dong tau.
ABSTRACT: The article introduces the need, mathematical model and simulation results of ship collision prediction in the confined waters Calculation and simulation results of ship collision prediction are carried out with the experimental ship model in typical dangerous situations of overtaking and head-on ship manoeuvring
KEYWORDS; Ship collision, numerical prediction, ship trajectory simulation, ship hydrodynamic, ship manoeuvring
I . D A T V A N D 6
Vung nudc han che (confined v^faters): La viing nUdc luu thong hang hai c6 ehieu rong dam b i o hang hai an toan nho hon 02 h l i ly (khoang 3,7km), la noi can xem xet cac yeu to mdn nudc tau va do sau khu nUdc. Tai elc viing nudc han ehe, ngUdi thuyen trUdng phai true tiep ehi dao viec dieu khien tau tren dai chi huy, p h l i huy dong them so luong eac si quan hang h l i tham gia dieu khien tau va/hoac p h l i sif dyng nhieu hon so lugng tai lieu/an pham hang hai. Vung nudc han che bao gom elc 80 bien, kenh dao, luong hang h l i , khu nude trude ben, khu neo dau c h d t l u . . .
Cac t i l lieu hudng dan nghiep vy dieu dgng tau hien nay khong the de cap het tat ea cae van de ma ngudl dieu khien se gap phai trong eae tinh hudng t r i n h vUOt trong thUc te. Vdi tien bg cua khoa hgc ky thuat noi ehung va ky thuat mo phong noi rieng, ky thuat mo phong canh bao dam va tau trong vung nudc han ehe la cong cu can thiet, hdu ich de thuc hien cac nghien cUu, kiem nghiem va dua ra eac khuyen eao an toan, ho trg cho ngUdi dieu khien trong cong tae huan luyen va t i e nghiep thuc te, nham bao dam an toan cho cac phuang tien luu thong trong cac vung nude ban ehe [12,13].
2. MO HiNH T O A N M 6 P H 6 N G CHUYEN DQNG TAU VA CANH BAO DAM VA
2.1. Mo h'mh toan mo phdng chuyen dgng tau [1,2,17,18]
Trudng hgp nay, tau chuyen dong do lUe day eua ehan vit va lUe 111 eiia banh lai. He phUPng trinh chuyen dong t l u CO dang nhUsau:
m(U - vrj X
m(v ' urj = Y (1) I.r - N
Trong dd: m - Khoi lugng t a i " , i^, r - Cae thanh phan gia toe chuyen dong theing, ngang than va xoay eiia tau; / - M6-men quan tfnh xoay eua tau; X,Y,N- Cic thanh phan luc va mo-men thiiy dgng theo phuong dgc, ngang va quanh true dUng eua tau.
2.2. Mo hinh toan mo phdng chuyen dong tau trong trUdng hap xuat hien them cac tUtfng tac thOy dong lUc hoc de tinh toan cSnh bao dam va [11,14,15]
So do tfnh t o i n tUOng t i c thuy dgng ciia tau tren luong the hien trong Hinh 2.1:
Hinh 2.1: Sado tinh toan tuong tac thdy ddng lue gida hai tau khi tranh vuot
Khi phat sinh cac luc va mo-men tUong tac thuy dong luc giCfa hai tau trong q u i trinh dieu dgng tranh vuot, he phuong trinh (1) seed dang day dii nhUsau-
m(u-vr) - X iX,*,p,,ft,j
m(V -V urj = y + n,„^.,;„^ (2) iJ- = N + N,k.,.,,„p
Trong do: X^^ ^^^, K^^ ^^^ va W^^^ ^^^ - Lan lugt la elc luc va mo-men tuang tac thiiy dong luc gida hai tau trong qua trinh dieu dgng tranh vugt, gom ed:
-Dieu dgng khi hai tau ciing hudng/vUot(overfaWng ships): Ap dyng eong thUc thUc nghiem ciia Brix (1979).
- Oieu dong khi hai tau doi hudng {head-on ships):
Ap dung cong thUc thUe nghiem dang hoi qui ciia Varyani(1999).
2.3. Lira chon mo hinh tau thUc de ti'nh toan, mo phong canh bao dam va
Lua chgn mo hinh tau thue la tau Esso Bernieia 193000DWT {Esso Bernieia 193000DWT oil tanker model) l^9].
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K H O A H p c - C O N G NGHE
3. PHANTiCH, Ll/A CHON CACTINH H U 6 N G N G U Y HIEM DI^N HlNH KHI TAU DIEU D O N G T R A N H WOT
Ap dung tlnh t o i n vdi so lieu dau vao mo phdng:
- Chieu dai tau: L = 304.8m;
- Be rong luong (gil dmh): B^=400m;
-€)6 sau luong (gil dinh): H = 23m;
-Mdn nude tau: T - 18m;
- DUtrif chan hoa tieu toi thieu: UKC^ = 7%T^ 1.26m;
- DU trtf ehan hoa tieu thuc tinh: UKC = H - T ^ 5m
> UKC„.
Dieu kien ve van toe ehay tau va khoang each ngang man tinh toan dugc trong trudng hgp nay la:
V<7.5lm/s(n^73rpm}; D^^W7m Phdn tich. lua chgn cdc tinh hudng dieu dgng nguy hiem dien hinh:
Tmh huong nguy hiem nhat thudng xly ra khi hai t l u CO kich thudc gan bing nhau, chuyen dgng vdi van toe cung gan bang nhau va vUOt qua van toe an toan cho phep. Dae biet nguy hiem khi hai tau vUgt song song gan nhau, trong do tau bj vugt dang tang toe de dat tdi van toe gan bang vdi van toe ciia tau vuot.
Dua vao cie can eU va phan tfeh tren, t i c g i l lUa chon g i l tn ciia eac thong so ve van toe va khoing each ngang man ciia hai tau e6 kfeh thUdc va trgng tai b i n g nhau, de mo phong einh bao dam va trong cic tlnh huong nhu sau (Bdng 3.1):
Bing 3.1. Phan tich, lua chon cie tinh huong dieu ddng tranh va nguyhidm
STT
(1)
12)
Tinh hudng dieu d6ng /an toe lOn nhat cua mat trong hai tau bjng van toe ai loan cho ph^p
;i 1] Khoing cach ngang man bSng khoing cach tham [1.2) Khoang cach ngang man nho hon khoing cact i/^n toe Ion nhat cua rnot trong hai tau Ion hon van toe antoSn cho phep
12. i) Khoing each ngang man bang khoang each than [2 2) Khoing cach ngang man nho hon khoing each
T « „ , . . i/,^^=V*
y*=D„"
y^„<D,-
y,a=V
y,b < ^a'
4. KET QUA M 6 P H 6 N G CANH BAO D A M VA T A U ( N G O N N G O ' L A P T R I N H MATLAB)
4.1. Minh hoa ket q u i lap trinh mo phong canh bao dam va
Bing 4.1. Khai bio dd lieu lap trinh md phdng einh bio dam va tau(3.b,c,d)
a) - Khai bio thong so SBU vao r m ptiong cua tau tinh lain (Ovu vship) L^Um,., b) - Khai bao thong so dau vao mo ptiong cua tau mijc tieu (Target ship) 0,— - ^ a
Ket qua lap trinh cho thay, v ^ ciing gia trj van toe va khoing each ngang man, trong tinh hudng hai tau doi hudng khong xly ra dam va, dam va chi xly ra trong trudng hgp hai tau chuyen dgng cung hUdng (vUcrt nhau).
Xet tinh huong cho hai tau kich thude b^ng nhau chuyen dong ciing hudng, vdi V =7.2m/5 (V.^^V), D^ - 50m (Dg~ BJ. DU lieu khai b i o dau vao mo phong duge tong hgp trong Bdng 4.1.
Tie gia sif dung ngon ngU lap trinh Matlab de lap trinh ehuong trinh mo phdng einh b i o d i m va (lay ten la SIMSIN - Simulation of ship-ship interaction). Ket qua mo phong gom co:
- Giao dien md phong canh bao dam va tau (Hinh 4.1}, gom: Mat b^ng luong, qui dao tau; quT dao tau muc tieu; do thi bien thien eac thanh phan chuyen ddng, do dat ngang, lUe va mo-men theo thdi gian thUc trong qua trinh tuong tac.
- Cie ket qua mo phong khac the hien trong Bdng 4.2, Mue 4.2, gom: Thdi gian xay ra dam va tfnh tU thdi diem b i t dau tfnh toan mo phdng; khoing elch xly ra dam va tinh tUthoi diem b i t dau tinh t o i n mo phong;
khoing dat ngang do hieu Ung hut vao nhau; lUe va md- men tuang t i c Idn nhat.
Hinh 4.1: Giao dien md phdng canh bio dam va tiu - Hinh anh dgng: Hien thj tren giao dien phan mem lap trinh Matlab, ngoai ra dUoc ghi lai bang file video.
4.2. Tong hcrp ket q u i lap trinh mo phdng cSnh bao dam va cho cac tinh huong nguy hiem dien hinh Ket qua lap trinh mo phong einh b i o dam va eho eae tlnh huong nguy hiem dien hinh duge tong hgp trong Bdng 4.2.
Bing 4.2. Tdng hop ket qua lap trinh mo phdng einh bao dam va eho 4 tinh huong nguy hiem dien hinh
'.1. IJ Khodng each ngang man bing khoing fdch tham thieu:y^ = D/
c) - Thong so luong. tau va vi tri tuong 3oi tau trin luong
Thdng so dieu dong tr^nh vuot Khoing dat
ngangdo hieu ijinghut
Khoang each doc xiy,
Thdi
7.2J Khodng each ngang man nhd hon khodng cich tham chiiu: y^ < D„*
7 2m/s;
iC,j,=6.17-73m/s.
D=50m(=16s)
[21 Van tdc Idfl nhat cua mot trong hai Uu Idn han vSn tScan t o i n cho ph*p:
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KHOA HOC - C 6 N G N G H l
So 11/2018
Thong s6 dieu dong tranh uiioi Khoing dat
ngang do hieu Ong hut
Khoing cich doc xiyra dimva
ThM xiyra dim
Lift cin doc ngang
M6-men hiJt
[2.1) Khoing each ngang man bdng khoing ctStb tham chlSwy,, = D- t^^=8 33m/s;
i',^=6.17-^8.23m/5 3=107m[=2Bs)
rr 35m[=0 3D], MP 3Sm(=0 7D)
1300m (=4.3Ls) 2phut
48 giSy 2 0*10'N 3.2*10'N 1 65'10' Nm U.2I Khoing cich ngang man nhi han khoing cich tham chlSu: y., < D,*
k'^=8.23m/s;
i'„,=6.17-e.23m/s;
D=SOm (=1 Bs) IT-25m
(0.5O);
MTaSm (0,5D)
8S0m (=2aLs)
1 phCit
SSgiSy 2 0-10° N 3 . , 0 . » 1.7'10'
5. K^T LUAN
Dua tren cae phan tfeh ket q u i mo phong ve quJ dao, q u i trinh bien thien cae thanh phan lUc dgc, lUc ngang va mo-men xoay, lien he vdi thUe te dieu dgng tau trong eae viing nudc han che, tae gia dUa ra mot so khuyen nghj tham khIo doi vdi viee einh b i o dam va eCia elc tau vucft nhau 6 van toe Idn (12 - 16knots), khoang cich ngang man tU 01 den 02 lan be rong tau nhusau:
-Tau vugt giO nguyen van toe nhUng khong biet tau bj vuot dang trong qua trinh tang toe, sau mot khoing thdi gian ngSn hai tau chuyen dgng song song va gan nhu ngang nhau, thi sau khoing tis 02 den 4 phut eo th^ se xay ra dam va tUong Ung vdi khoang each djeh chuyen eiia tau vugt khoing t d 3 den 5 lan chieu dai tau tfnh tif vj trf mui tau vUgt ehuan bj ngang vdi lai ciia tau bj vugt. Tau vugt se bj dat ngang khoang tUO.3 den 0.6 lan khoang each ngang man ban dau giCfa hai tau. Tau bi vugt se bj dat ngang khoing tU 0.4 den 0.7 lan khoang each ngang man ban dau giUa hai tau.
-Tau vugt cd van toe cang Idn thi thdi gian tinh td thdi diem mui tau vUgt ngang lai tau bi vuot den thdi diem xay ra dam va cang ngan, khoang t<S 2 den 3 phut.
- Khoing each ngang man cang gan thi thdi gian tinh t u thdi diem mui tau vugt ngang lai tau bj vUcrt den thdi diem xay ra dam va cang ngan, khoing tU 02 den 3 phut.
- Gia tri elc thanh phan lUc va mo-men tuang tae tao ra hieu dng hut ty le thuan vdi van toe tau vUot va ty le nghjch vdi khoang each ngang man •
Tailieu t h a m khao
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[3]. Tran Khanh Toan (8/2014), Md phdng vd phdn tich tuang tdc thuy dgng lUc gida tdu vdi bd vd ddy luong hdng hdi. Tap ehf Khoa hge Cong nghe hang h l i , sd 39.
[4]. Tran Khanh Toan (11/2015), Md p/idng fuong fdc thuy ddng lUc gida tdu vdi bd vd ddy luong nham ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc bdo ddm ATGT dudng thuy ndi dia. Tap ehf GTVT So dae biet (ISN 2354-0818), tr.l 74-176.
[5j. Tran Khanh Toan (01/2017), Nghien cdu tuang tdc gida tdu vdi tdu phuc vu cong tdc bdo ddm an todn hdng hdi trong luong hep. Tap ehi Khoa hgc eong nghe hang h l i , so 49.
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and Pourplanche A., (June 2011), Coeffic/ent/denf(ficof;on for Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Model based on Optimization Techniques, International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering IV - COUPLED PROBLEMS 201 /, 20-22, Kos, Greece, pp.1261-1272.
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(1972), Manoeuvring trials with the 193000 dwt tanker
"Esso Bernieia", Paper: Spring Meeting of the Royal Inst, of Naval Architects, No.lO.
Ngay nhan bai: 15/10/2018 Ngaychap nhan dang: 31/10/2018 NgUori phdn bien:TS. N g u y i n Manh CUcfng
TS. Tran Otifc Phii
