64 N G 6 N N G C & Bin S 6 N G S 6 l l (241)-201S
NHlTNG LOI THirdNG GAP TRONG CAC B A I T A P DJCH VIET CUA SINH VIEN KHOA TIENG
P H A PTRirdNG DAI HQC NGO^I NGU*, BJ^I HQC DA NANG
THE COMMON ERRORS IN TRANSLATION EXERCISES OF STUDENTS OF FRENCH DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES
- UNIVERSITY OF DANANG NGUYEN T H A I T R U N G (ThS; D^i hpc Ngo^i ngfi-, D^i hpc Dd NAng)
Abstract: This aiticle identifies and analyzes common enters m translation assignments studoits fiom Frendi Department of the University o f F o r e i ^ Language Studies, University of Danang based on the criteria for the use of vocabulary, syntax, semantics, {»Bgmatic, o(4iesion and coherence. Based on these statistics and analysis, the authw oSets some sug^stions to tfie learner, the teacher and course content translation materials in ordo' to help ruse the efTectivoiess of the teachin^eaming this skill.
Key words: erroi^; translation; students; French; propositions.
1. D$t v i n d l b6 theo cdc tieu dif trdn nhu trong bing d i ^ 1£
Hi^n nay, cdc [dian mdn thudc bp mrai didi sau:
nhu U thuylt didi, thyc hinh didi. djdi ndi, djch vilt diion mdt ti lp khd k ^ tnxig Idning diuong trinh dto t^o cua cdc ngdnh dupc giSng dfiy t^i Khoa ti^g P h ^ Trudng D ^ Hpc Ngo^i Ngd. D^
hpc Dd Nfing ( DHDN). £>dy Id nhOng mdn hpc quan trpng, thu vj, dupc sinh vidn ua thfch nhung d6ng didi cQng Id nhQng m ^ hpc mang 1^ kb&u ft khd Idifin cho ngucri hpe till h i ^ qua vide k ^ qud kiem tra d^nh gjd k h ^ tiiyc sy cao nhu mong mu6n cua ngudi d^y cung nhu ngudi hpc.
Giinh vl till, vi$c xde djnh nhihig loi thudng g^p trong C&; bdi t ^ dieh cda sinh vien Khoa tieng Phip, Tmdng D ^ hpc Ngo^ ngd, DHDN de r^i tilr dd nh$n di^n nhdng Idid khdn co bdn mang thih hd th6ng cda d6i tupng ndy trong vife hpc cdc hpc I^ian djdi nhfim tim ra nhthig gjdi j d i ^ su jrii^m khd dl gjup bp hpc tdt hon cdc mdn hpc ndy Id mpt vi^c ldm mang tfnh c ^ tiii^ cin dupc diu tu n ^ d n c u u .
2. Cdch thuc tiln bdnh
Ngd lidu n ^ d n cdu Id 146 bdi kiem tra gida ki. cuoi ki cdc hpc j d i ^ Dfeh viit 1,2. 3 vd Th^
hdnh dich cua sinh vidn cdc khod 2007, 2008 Khoa tieng Phdp. Sau khi ti^ hdnh dpc vd Ipc ra nhdng tmdng t^ip md didng tdi tiiiy c6 sai s6t v l djch tiiu^ dya tien cdc tidu chi dupc dia ra bdi Wilss (1982a: 227): su dgng tit, cU phdp. ngfi ngfOd, r^dgr^ liin kit, mgeh lgc, chdng tdi dd tiling kd dui?c tong cpng c6 396 sai sdt Aipc phdn
sddyngtd cujdidp
lioiki^
mgdily;
78
12
De thay rd cdc tfnh chit khdc idiau trong c ^ hinh thuc sai sdt cua anh v i ^ ta sS fdi&i tich m^t so tiudng hpp tioi bilu cy till dupc [didn lo^ theo cdc tieu chf dupc dua ra bdi Wilss (1982a: 227):
sddip^tit, ciiph^, ngitn^iSd, ngfitfyng lienm, mgeh lgc.
3. K ^ qud khdo sdt 3.LLSi iitv^i^
3.1.1. Sitdgngtiesai
Dudi ( ^ sdphan tich nhQng vf dy dl th^
dupc mdt vdi sai sot tnmg cddi sd dyng td md aidi
\idn CBl [difun i^idL Vf dy:
Le petqie frtmQtBs s'e^ beaucoip battiipoir icht^^ d la dimtinaion des pays voisins: N ^
S6 11 (241)-2015 NG6N NGf & P 6 I S6NG 65
ddn phip dd dau tranh lit nhilu dl tiiodt Ididi ^ flnh hudng nhOng nude ldn c$a
Troi^ vi dy ndy, ngudi (^chdadi^ti^sifdnA hudng dl dich tilr la domincOion R5 rdng day Id mdt sy sd dyng tilr sai; td /la domination Hibag h i cd ngh& ndo Id s(/ dnh hudng md chi cd n^iia Id sgthmig tri,sgddhdvk tiiyc sy Id nhdng i^ifo ndy mdi phd hpp vdi tiiyc tl ljch sd cda nude PMp.
2.1.2. Stt t^g tit khdng filii hpp
Qua [dldn tich. chung tdi nh$n thiy cd nhQng tnidng hpp ngudi djch sd i ^ g tit khdng din mdc dd sai nhung rd rdng Id chua i:hd hpp. Tahdy phdn tich nhQng tnidng hpp sau d l tiiiy rd hon dieu ndy.
Vfdy:
Tit ngfi vMptxa9uaj}AA7ng:Levocabulaiiea Trong vf dy ndy, ngudi d)ch dd diing danh tit le vocabidaire dl djch danh td tit ngfi trong vdn bdn glc. Danh td le vocabulaire trong tiing P h ^ cd ngh& ]ktitvgT^, edn tixtitngtttiong vdn bdn g6c ndy mang ^ nghia Id ngdn h^ ^'nt$ichdkh&igdil dcoi tiiuin ULtievgng. Chfnh vl thl, nlu ngudi djch sd dyng danh td/e moT lio$c/a poro/e d l d|ch td/i>
ngfiiti sd tmyen d^t dupc diy duhon ^ nghia md tdc ^ cda vfin ban ^)c muc»i dien d^t
ZZ Lii ngit phdp 2.2.1. Cdphq) sai
Troi^ qud trhih phdn tfch ngd U^u, chdng tdi nh$n tiii^ mdt ^ l u Id ngudi dfch dd khdng ft lin djch nguydn vfin ciu tide ngd p h ^ cua vfin bdn goc m$c dd nhQng ciu true ndy ho$c Id khdng dung ho$c Id khdng phu hpp vdi vfin phong cda ngdn ngd £ch. Vfdy:
Cdi td dii nai> hodn U)dncd thi thdo rdp duoc:
Cette armoire d ihiest totalement d dimontage Trong vf dy hdn, ngudi djch djch cym ti^coi Ai dii ngy Id cetie armoire d tiii (cdi td di dgng trd fl^;. Ddy 1^ Id mdt cdch sd dyng tilr chua [did hpp bdi vi, tiong tieng Vipt tiii cdi fti cft^ khdng chi dttag dl dyng trd md cdn ddng dl n h i ^ v$t dyng khdc; hon nda, tiong tiing Phdp cd mpt danh ti^
tuong duong, dd Id oe 6 i # t V|ly tot hon Id chung ta ndn ddng danh td CC dii^f dl djch cym ti> cxh" fii c/i^ n ^ . Ngpdi sai sdt v l cdch sd dyng td tr&i ddy, ta cdn thiy n g " ^ ^'^^ *^" P*^^ P ^ ™0t sai sdt khdc lidn quan d ^ cd phdp, dd Id, dl djdi ciu true
cd tiii thdo l^ dugc, nguM djch (S ^ c h Id esf a demonta^ (Id di thdo). day rS rdng Id mdt ciu tnic sai. D6i vdi cau ndy, ta cd tiw djch Id: Ce A u ^ / e ^ campiktement dimoniable / Ce bif^t peut mmpletemera se demonter / On peut completemera iMmonter ce btiffet.
3.2.2. Citph^ khdngpim hgp
Cd nhQng tiudng hpp, cd [ d i ^ cda bdn djdi khdng sai nhung cung Idimig dupc [did hpp llm.
Vfdy:
Jean nepouvcdt s 'empicher de t&iger ses veux vers la jolie fillejjris de la parte: Jean k h ^ till ndo ngfin ddi mfit cua anh ay lilc nhln vl phfa cd gdi d§ thuong gin cdnh cda.
Trong vf dy ndy, ngudi djch dd djch ciu tide s'en^jicher de diriger ses yeux vers (ngdn minh hudng mdt vi phia) Id ngdn ddi mdt dia anh iy / i ^ n/un W p M i £ ^ khdng phdi Id mpt cddi djdi sai, tiQ^ nhirai, tiled till tiiiy, cdphdp cua bdn djch hoi nidm r i vd ii$ng nl. £)e cd d u ^ mdt bdn djdi gpn gdi^ vd sdc tich hon, til cd till ^ch Id: Jean khdng the ndo thdi ngdm nhim cd g&i xinh d?p
•tcda.
3.3. Lm ngfi nghid 3.3.1. Ngfi n^ia sai
Vf dy: Becatmip de bangttes sont iquvpies d'tm ^stributeur automatique de billets: Nhilu ngdn hdng dd lidn kit 1^ v(M nhau thdnh h€th6ng phan idi6i tfadtyd^fi
Trraig vf dy ndy, ngudi djdi dd hilu su nghia ciia nhiki td tnmg vfin bdn goc dSn d ^ mpt bdn djch hodn todn sai v l m$t ngd nghia so vdi bdn
^ . Thd nhit, ciu tiijc itre iqtt^ de cd nghia Id thigc trang bf chd khdi^ [di^ Id liin kit lgi vdi nhau, tiid hai. billets d ddy Id /t^n chd khdng phdi Id tiii. Tdm I^i, cdu ndy jdidi dupc djch Id: MUiu ngdnhdr^dugcb'angbim^rut tientgdpr^.
2.3.2. Ngfingl^khdr^pHihgp Cd nhdng tiudng hpp, t ^ n ^ h J a cda bdn djdi kh&ig hdn Id sai nhung cQng khdng phd hpn Ifim vi Idi&ig tii$t trung tiidnh vdi bdn ngu6n ve m$t ngQ n g ^ D I tiiiy rd hon d^ng l5i ndy. Vf dy:
SchadieladovctiondelavilleUiplusproche sur la carte: Ddn mfit vdo bdn d6. anh ta dang tim hudng gin nhit vdo tiidnh |di6.
Trong vf dy ndy. ngudi djch dd tiiyc h i ^ mdt
^matSctiiemtroT^ dfeh thugt bdng cddi them vdo
66 N G 6 N N G C & Bin S 6 N G S 6 11 (241)-2015
cym tijt Ddn mdt vdo bdn d(5 de md td tu the cda nhan v§t il trong vSn bdn goc. T19 nhidn, tiiao tdc tiiem cym td nay cd le Id khdng phd hpp \ i nd ldm cho bdn djch khdng cdn trung tiidnh vdi ban g6c vl mfit ngd n^iia. Thdt v^y, ta khdng till tim tiiiy bit cd mdt ylu to ndo trong vdn ban goc gidp ta bilt dupc tu till cda nhan v ^ i^ Id nhu till ndo: cd ddn mdt vdo bdn S hay ]k khdng? V§y t6t nhit Id khdng nen tuj' tidn tiiem thdng tm vdo bdn djch dan &n mpt sy thay doi v l ngd nglua khdng can tiiilt nhu v§iy.
3.4. LSI ngit dgi^
Qua {dldn tich ngQ lidu, chdng tdi chi phdt h i ^ thiy cd mdt tnidng hpp t^udi djdi dd cd mdt cdch djch khdng tii^t sy [did hpp ldm vl m$t i ^ dyng, dd chmh Id t n i ^ g hpp sau:
Ecoute: I 'horloge soime la (kmie: Lfingnghe:
dong ho dilm 12 gid.
Trong vf dy nay, vdi vife sd dyng dpng tilr icouteris Ihdc mdnh l^nh, tdc gid cua vfin bdn g6c muon bilu d^ mpt y cau Idiien. Trong khi d6, bdn djch ling nghe 1^ Ididng thl hi^n dupc (^y dd ng^
dyng dd. V§y nen, dl truyin d^t dupc mdt cdch day dd y n ^ ^ ciu khiln cda vfin bdn gde, tdt hon ta ndn djch Id: Nghe Ida: ddng ho dang diim 12 g^d day.
3.5. IMUen ket
Chung tdi da tii6i^ kd dm^ cd 14 tiudng hpp ngudi djdi ph^m [didi nhfing su sdt khi djdi cdc c ^ true lien kit, cd d mdc dd cdu iln mdc dd vfin bdn. Vidy:
La Terre est recouverte d'une abondante masse d'eau, I'l^drosphere. Celle-ci occtqx phis des deux tiers de la siqxrficie du gfobe, soit 363 millions <k kn^sur uneprofondeur mqyenne de 3,8 km, ce quy fait un volume d'eau de 1350 millions deht^.
Trdi dit dupc bao [did bdi ldp nude, Idp hydro.
Chung bao [did hon 2/3 dipn tich dja ciu, vd khodng 363 tridu km^\i dp sau Uung bhdi 3,8 km t90 nen mdt till tich ldn Id 1350 tripu km^
Troi^ vf dy ndy, trudc tidn, ngudi djch dd djch d^i td chi djnh ^jronom demonstrati;^ celle<i Id chdng E)dy rd rdng Id mdt cddi djch sai vi tiong cdu ndy d^ tiJr chi # d i ceUe-d tiiay till dio danh
^I'l^idrosph^ (th^quyin) Id mdt danh tilr so ft, khdng till djch Id chimg dUpc. ThtD^t nhhi till cd
thl coi day Id mdt iSi dung td sai, nhung n ^ i ^ tich Id till day ddng hon Id mpt l5i v l h ^ kit bdi loi nay bfit r^u6n tiir vipc ngudi djch khdng nh§n didn dui;n moi l i ^ k ^ ^Qa d ^ td chi ^nh cdk-ci vd danh tiJr rhytkos^iiire trong cdu trudc. Ngoii ra, tixmg bdn djch ndy. ngudi djdi cdn [dmm hai 1^
v l lidn kit khi sd dgng hai l i ^ td v ^ ^ dl dj(^
U ^ ti^ (cory'onctkm) soit vd gj<M td sur. Th^ % , lidn tilr soit (tuc Id) ddng dl gjdi thfch did khg^
[didi dl n6i hai yeu t6 dong ddng nen kh&ig tiie ddng lien tijf vd de djdi, ^ d i td sur (trin) tid I^
cdng Ididng till vi chdng hodn todn Ididc nhau v^
m$t didc nfing vd ^ n ^ i ^ Tdm I ^ dl cd dirpc mdt bdn djch trung thdnh ve m$t y n^ua vd dupc h ^ kit cli$t chd, ta cd thl djch \ ^ bdn ndy nhu sau: Trdi dot dugc bao phd bdi mgt khoi nu6c idling li dugc gpi Id thity qtiyin Thupqtei^n boo phd hem haiplmt ba <£^n tich dia cau, tdclgSii trieu kn^ trin mdt dd sdu tnmg binh Id 3,8 km tgo nin mgt khii m^ cd thi tich Id 1350 tri^u kn^.
3.6. Ldimgeh lgc
Qua phan tkh ngd lipu, diung tbi ciing &
Oxtng ke dupc 6 trudng hpp ngufn djch cd nhQng sai sdt trong djch tiiu^t dan den v i ^ t^o ra nhihig bdn djch khdng dupc rd rdng, m^idi I9C. Vf dy:
La Terre est recouverte d'une eiiondante masse d'eau, I'hyAvi^iiire. Celle-ci occiqx plus des deux tiers de la stpeificie du gfobe, soit 363 millions de km' sur une profondeur moyenne de 3,8 km, ce qity fiat un volume d'eau de 1350 millions de km.
Trdi dat dupc bao phd bdi ldp nude vd khii khf hydro. Chung bao phd hon 2/3 di&i tich kh^
tiui^ binh tuoi^ duong363 tii$u kn^so vdiddsflu tiimg btoh 3.8 km. dilu ndv c6 till tito ra khii niidc cd till tfch 1350 tiidu k m \
Cd till tfiiy ngay rfing, bdn djch Id mdt vfin Wn hodn todn Ididng rd rdng m^udi I9C. Trudc ti&i, ngudi djch dd sd dyng cym till d ^ fjc/i ^ ^ d ^ li mdt cym ti^ kh&ig r5 rdng vi di^n tidtvkldioi^
hai khdi nipm hodn todn khdc nhau. Sau dd, ngufri djch l^i dCing cym tit so vdt d^ sdu trun^ binh 3,S Am khiln dio cdu vfin cdng tiid n&i rli Idm vi # » tkh Idm sao l^i so vdi (^ sdt/l Roi vipc sd d^ng t&
c l ^ nqj; tixmg cdu tiqi theo cung ldm d u bdn djch tiiieu <£ tfnh m^di I9C \ i ngu£n dpc sS kh«ig tw hilu dupc ^ 1 ^ nay Id (£eu ndo ?
S6 11 ( 2 4 1 ) j 0 1 S NG6N NGtX&P6lS6NG 67
4.K^lu9D
3.1Mdt vdi khttyin nghi vdi sinh vtSn hgc cdc hpc phin f$cA
Trudc tidn, sinh vien can [di^ trang bj dio minh nhQng kiln thdc cin ve bdn diit cua vi^c djch, cdc hlnh thdi djch tiiu|a, cdc d^ng n ^ n ngQ vd sy c h i ^ doi trong djch tfiu^t, cdc bd ph|n vd gjai do^n cda qud trhih djch.
Td, vide kp dgng nhfbig k i ^ tiidc ndy vdo thyc tl djdi tiiu§t Id dilu khdng tiil tiiilu.Vf dy, tiudc khi l ^ diu v i ^ djch mdt vdn bdn, ngudi djc^ cin phdn tich tii$tk$»tatcdcdc ylu t 6 c l u tiidnh phdt ngdn trong n ^ n ngQ ngu6n (cd p h ^ ngQ n^ilB.
ngd dyng). Tilp theo, i^udi djch can tdng hpp diy d d c d c ) ^ t 6 n d y d l s a u d d c d t i i l chuy^ tdi m^t cddi tmng tiidnh tdiit ^ nghu cda t h ^ d i ^ . Trong qud trinh phyc hoi ndi dung vd hinh Ihdc
\ ^ bdn ngudn tiong ngm n ^ dfeh, ngudi djch din c ^ ^ ddi khi cin [didi tiiyc hipn nhQng diiQ^n dii cin tiiilt (chiQ^ d6i td vyng, diuyln d6i ngQ ph^, chiryin dii binh didn hay nhQng tiiao tkc tbSm. bdt trong djch thu^t) dl Idm sao cho bdn djch di$t [did hpp hay quan t r ^ g hon Id k h ^ vi [difun cdc chuin myc vh i ^ n ngQ vd vfin hod tiong n ^ n ngQ dfeh.
Song song vdi vide trang bj kiln thdc v l If tiu^ djdi. ^nh v i ^ ciing can khdng ngimg tiau d6i k i ^ tilde vl ngdn ngQ, vdn hod, xd hdi. Idioa hpc Id tiiu^t,... vi nhu dd ndi d tren, <^y Id nhQng k i ^ tilde khdng till tiu^ d6i vdi nhQng djch gjd ndi ridng vd vdi cdc sinh vi&i n^j^ ngQ, nhQng nguM sd dyng 1^0^ ngtt ndi chung.
3.Z Mpt vdi de xuat vdi gido viin d^ cdc hgc pbint^
Biii^ cdch ndy hay cdch khdc, rado vidn d^y cdc [diSn mdn thudc bd mdn djch c&i diu tu 11^
ffm vd c&ig sdc d l trang bi cho anh vi&i nhQng ki&i tilde h S sdc cin tiii^ v l If tiiuylt djch dl cdc on cd till cd duiTC mdt nln tdng If tiiuylt toi tiiilu (rude khi budc chan vdo Imh vyc khoa hpc nhung ciing Id mdt nghd thu§t vd cdng khd khfin ndy.
Bdn c^nh If tiniylt tiU thyc hdnh Id dilu kidn tidn q i ^ d l sinh vidn cd till dpt d u ^ nhQng tiln bd bong fihh vyc djch tfiugt Gido vien ndn tdng cudng cho sinh vidn tiiyc hdnh djch di ddi vdi vi^c phdn tich nhQng tnidng hpp cy till, cd till Id cdc sai sdt ho$c cdc tdc [diim djc* tiiu^ tieu bilu cd
diit lupng cao, dl cdc em cd till mt ra nhung kmh n g h i ^ dio rieng minh ho$c Id hpc t|^ dupc cdch thdc djch thu|it hay.
33. Mpt vdi ^ xuit vi npi dung gido trinh cdchgcphint^
Trong cdc gjdo trinh tiiyc hdnh djch (djdi ndi, djch vilt), ngudi so^n gjdo trinh ndn c6 gfing da d^ng hod nhim nhit cd thl cdc biln till ngdn ngQ Qii^ till cd nhdn. [diuong ngQ. ngQ vyc, phong cdch) cung nhu cdc did dl, chd d i ^ trong cdc bdi t^p djch d l sudl vidn cd dilu kidn t | p luydn vdi nhilu d^ng vfin [diong khdc nhau nhfim tfing cudng trinh dd ngdn ngtt ciing nhu trinh dp didi tiiu|it de nang cao hon nQa hidu qud mdn hpc.
T A I L I | : U THAM K H A O 1. Hodng Vfin V&i (2005), N^iiin cuu djch iMfMid xult bdn Khoa Hpc Xfi Hdi. T> HCM
2. Nguy&i Ihupng Hiing (2005), Djch thudt: tit li tin^t den thgc hdnh Nxb Vfin hod S^ Gdn. Tp HCM.
3. Catford, J.C. (1969X A linguistic theory of translatiim. Oxford University Press.
4. Israel, F. et Lederw, M. (2005X La thiorie interpriiative de la traduction. Lettres Modemes Minard, Paris - Caoi.
5. Lavauh-Olodn, E. (2007), Traduction sp&ncdisie: pratiques, thiories, formations. ^&ax Lang. Bern.
6. Newmaik, PP. (1979), Some problems of translaticm theory and methodology. I-IH. (In) FrerndspracheaPp. 98-102.
7. Newmaik, P.P. (1982), Approaches to ti-anslation. Pergamon Press.
8. Newmark, P.P. (1988), A textbook of ti-anslation. Prentice Halt. London.
9. Nida, EJV. (1964), Tawa-ds a science of translating: With special reference to principles and procedures involved in bible translating.
Brill.Leyden. Netheriands.
10. Nida, EA. (1975), Language structure and translationSelccted and Introduced by A.S. Ml, Standard. Unhwsity Press.
11. Nida, EA. and Taber, C. (1974), The theory and practice cf translaticm. Brill. Leydoi. Netiieriands.
12. Seleskovitch, D. et Lederer, M. (1989), Pidc^ogie raisonnie de I'interpritcOion Didier
&uditi<m. Bruxelles-Luxembouig.
13. VQ Vfin D^i (2002), Abject tiiiorique de la traduction Univasi^ de langues dtrang^ de Hanoi.