TRUCJNG DAI HOC DQNG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 13 (6-20^y
*/ MOT SO BIEN PHAP REN LUYEN KY NANG PHAT AM CHO SINH VIEN NAM NHAT CHUYEN NGANH TIENG ANH TRlJC(NG DAI HOC DONG THAP
• ThS. Thai Thj Kim Di^u'""
Tom tat
Qua nghiin ciiu thUc trgng viic phdt dm khd ndng phdt dm cua sinh viin ndm thii nhdt chuyin ngdnh tieng Anh cdn rdt han ehe cdn dupe ren luyen nhiiu hPn. Nhiiu bien phdp dUpc dp dung de giiip viec phdt dm tdt hon. NhUng bien phdp dat hiiu qud eao Id phdn biit su khdc nhau giQa he ihd'ng dm tii'ng Anh vd tieng Viet. sH dung eac chUOng trinh luyin dm tren mang, luyin tap ede dm khd va ghi dm bdi dpc nhd gidng viin nhqn xet cdch phdt dm. Cde biin phdp luyin phdt dm duac di c$p trong bdi nghien cliu dd gop phdn rdt ldn trong qud trinh ndng cao ky ndng phdt dm eila sinh viin ndm tha nhdt TrUdng Dgi hpc Dong Thdp. Td't cd cdc bien phdp dUpc dp dung deu co chung mdt yeu ck edn thiet Id luyin tap thudng xuyen di dgt hieu qud eao.
TU khda: Ndng eao ky ndng phdt dm, ren luyen.
I. Dgt vd'n d l
Phdt dm rd rdng vd eMnh xdc rdt quan ttgng trong hgc tie'ng Anh, dde biet Id ttong giao tiep.
Do stf khdc biet ve he thd'ng ngtt am vd cdch phdt dm cua tie'ng Anh vd tie'ng ViSt, ndn khi ngtfdi Viet hgc tidng Anh gap rdt n h i l u khd khdn ttong phdt dm. Phdt dm khdng dung se gdy hie'u nham ngi dung, ddn de'n khdng dat dtfdc mue dich giao tie'p.
Ngay ttt ndm thtt nha't, sinh vien chuyen ngdnh tieng Anh Trttdng Dai hgc Ddng Thdp dtfdc hgc mdn "Ngtt dm thtfc hanh", mon hgc ndy giup cdc em ren luyen ky nang phdt dm. Tuy nhiSn, da sd sinh vien deu gap rat nhieu khd khdn ttong viee Myen tap phdt am dung cde dm tiS'ng Anh eiing nhtf ndng cao ky ndng phdt dm. Chung tdi da ed gdng giup cdc em ren luySn d l cdi thiSn vide phdt dm cua minh, nhuSg theo ddnh gid ehung, viec phdt am cua sinh viSn tien bg khdng ddng k l . Ngodi ra, viec ttf hge, ttf ren luySn eua sinh viSn chtfa eao. Chiing tdi da tie'n hdnh nghien ctfu d l tdi ndy vdi muc dieh tim ra thtfe ttang viSc phdt dm dS'ng Anh cua sinh vien vd d l xuat mgt sd giai phdp giup cdc em khac phuc nhttng khd khdn dd ngay ttf ddu. Nhttng bien phdp dttdc d l cdp ttong bdi vie't Id ke't qua ngMen cttu dd dttdc chung tdi dtfa vao day thtfe ngMSm dd'i vdi mgt sd' ldp vd mang Iai Meu qua eao ttong viee ren ky ndng phdt dm cho sinh viSn.
2. Ddi ttfdng va phtf(Aig phap ngMSn cilu 2.1. Doi ttf^fng nghien cihi
Sinh vien nam thtf nhat chuyen nganh ti^ng Anh, Trtfdng Dai hgc Dong Thdp.
2.2. Phtfdng phap ngMSn ctfu Thu dm bdi dgc eua 100 sinh vien nam thii nhd't chuyen nganh tie'ng Anh &i tim hilu thtfc ttang viSc phat dm eta sinh vien.
Difa vdo ket qud khdo sat thu'c ttang ph^t am.
bdi viet de xuat mdt sd' biSn phdp ren luySn ky nang phdt dm eho sinh viSn da dtfde d l xud't
Chgn ngdu nMSn 20 sinh viSn ttong 100 sinh viSn khdo sdt de ddnh gia stf tien bg vd Meu quS sau kM dp dung cdc bien phdp ren Myen phdtSm da de xud't.
3. K^t qua va thao lii$n
3.1. Thtfc trang phat dm cua sinh viSn ndm nhd't chuySn nganh ti^ng Anh Trtffllng Dgi h^c Ddng Thap
O giai doan dau, ehdng tdi da tien hdnh ghi dm vd gM nhdn nhttng Idi phdt dm cua 100 sinh viSn ndm thtt nhat, bao gdm 50 sinh viSn khoS 2012-2016 va 50 sinh vien khod 2013-2017. Kel qua ehung tdi gM nhdn dtfde cMa thdnh ba nh6m:
nhdm 1 gdm nhttng dm ttong ttt ti^ng Anh sinh vien bd khdng phdt dm, nhdm 2 gdm nhttng phu am hi phdt am sai vd nhdm 3 gdm nhttng nguyfin am bi phdt am sai.
'•' Khoa Sir pham Ngoai ngff. Tmdng Dai hoc D6ng Th&p.
24
TRUONG DAI HOC E ) 6 N G THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 13 (6-2015 Bang 1. Nhihig ^m sinh vidn phat Sm sai
Cac lo^i ldi Nhihig am da bi bo khong dpc a cac vi tri khac nhau trong tir Nhirng phu am da bi phat am sai va nham voi am khac
Nhiing nguyen am da bi phat am sai va nham vai am khac
(hiitial): k (kl), f(fl), d(dr), th, p(pr). s(tr) (Medial): s (st),p (pr) (Final): k,f, s,t,d,l,n.v, ks, d3,z,!f
/ s / f o r / r , l f , ^ / /f,b/ for /p/
/z/for/*/
/t/for/e/
/g/for/dj/
/tr/for Iil /d/for/6/
/n/for/n/
/S/for/3:/
/u:/for/U/
Id forlsl /3:/for /3:/
/1/for/i:/
/D/for/0:/
/n/for IBOI /e/for/eV
So sinh vien mac loi
72/100 55/100 100/100 70/100 80/100 45/100 37/100 8/100 5/100 31/100 15/100 67/100 52/100 91/100 34/100 99/100 43/100 11/100 18/100
Phan tram 72%
55%
100%
70%
80%
45%
37%
8%
5%
31«/o 15%
67%
52%
91%
34%
99%
43%
11%
18%
I Dtf lieu d bdng 1 cho thdy, phdn ldn sinh viSn , mdc nMeu loai l5i khde nhau ttong phdt am tieng , Anh. Ldi phd biS'n nhat Id bd dm kM dge ttt tieng
\ Anh vd bd cdc am cud'i d mdt sd' ttt.
Cde phu dm / 1 , ^ , 3, J, f, 6, 0, s, p, f / gdy nhieu khd khdn cho sinh viSn khi phat dm. Hiu het sinh viSn khdng phdn biet dttdc gitfa dm /(fe/
vd dm til, gitfa dm /s/ vd dm / J/, gitta dm / J / vd I dm /tf/. Cdp dm / d, 9/ cung Id cdp dm khdng d l ' ddng phdt dm vd da sd sinh viSn deu phdt dm / d
/ thdnh dm /d/ , am / 0 / thdnh dm /t/.
I Sinh vien thtfdng phdt dm sai nhtfng dm I /i:,D, 3: je, 37 vd phan Idn khdng Met cdch phdt I cdc dm ddi eung nhtf Idm thd ndo de phdn MSt : gitta cdc dm ddi vd eac dm ngdn.
i Stf khdc biet gitta hai hS thd'ng dm tiS'ng Anh 1 vd tie^ng ViSt Id nguyen nhdn chinh cQa viSe I khdng phdt mgt so' dm ttong ttf tiS'ng Anh ciia j ngtfdi ViSt. TiS'ng Viet Id ngdn ngtt ddn dm tidt, vi the chiing ta khdng dn phdi phdt dm cum phu am. Do dd, hau hS't sinh viSn ViSt Nam khdng the phdt dm dting cdc ttt ed hai hodc ba phu dm di h i n
nhau. Ngodi ra, ngtfdi ViSt Nam khdng edn phdi dge dm eud'i kM ndi vd dd eMnh Id ly do vi sac sinh viSn lai bd dm cudi. Hdn ntta, mdt sd dm / ^ ) 3. C Jj 0j ^ / khdng ed ttong hS thd'ng dm eua tieng Viet nSn gdy ra nhilu khd khdn dd^i vdi ngtfdi Viet kM hgc phdt dm tie'ng Anh, ddc biel kM nhiihg dm ndy d vi tri cud'i ttf.
Ngodi nguySn nhdn khde MSt v l hS thdng dm, sinh viSn khdng dttdc hgc ky v l phdt am tiJ trttdng phd thdng md cM dgc nhdi theo gido viSn, khdng biS't ddng hay sai cung ddn dS'n phdt dm chtta eMnh xde.
Ddng thdi, sinh vien thttdng phdt dm sai ede dm nay phin ndo hSn quan den tinh tMdu e^n thdr vd khdng chdm chi, khong ddnh nMeu thdi gian luyen tap kM gap cdc dm khd.
Tdm Iai, ket qud ngMSn cttu eho thdy phir Idn sinh viSn pham ldi phdt dm d tat ca cde dm. Tu>
nMSn, d giai doan 2, ehiing tdi cM ngMen ctfu mdi sd ldi phat dm cd ban nhlTt md sinh viSn thtfdng pham phdi. Cdc ISi dtfdc cMa thdnh ba loai:
- Loai thtf nhd't de cdp dS'n ta't cd cdc nguySr
TRUCJNG DAI HCX; D 6 N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hpc so 13 (6-201*
dm bao gdm nguyen dm ddi vd nguyen dm ngan nhtf/I, i:,D, 3:£E, 3:1.
- l ^ a i thtf hai gom nhiShg dm dS phat dm nhim vdi nhu^g dm khdc nhtf / (^,3, J", tf, 6,9, s, p, f /
- Loai thtf ba Id viSe bd dm kM phat dm cd thl Id phu dm dau, gitta hoac cudi ttt.
3.2. Mdt sd' bi^n phap ndng cao kha nang phat dm cua sinh viSn
Hien nay, tdi lieu gidng day phdt dm vd nhiJng bien phap ndng cao kha nang phdt dm tieng Anh dtfde gidi tMeu rat nMlu qua sdch, bao, tap eM vd intemet. Nhtfng dp dung biSn phap ndo thieh hdp vdi ttfng ddi ttfdng vd mang Iai hiSu qud eao Id dilu rat quan ttgng vd cin thiet. Qua thtfe td gidng day vd nghiSn ctfu, chiing tdi da tiS'n hdnh stt dung nhilu phtfdng phdp de giang day nhdm ndng cao khd ndng phat dm tidng Anh cua sinh vien. Tat cd cdc phtfdng phdp diu dnh htfdng tdt de'n viee phdt trien ky ndng phdt dm tiS'ng Anh ciia sinh vien, nhtfng theo ke't qud chung tdi nghiSn etfu vd ghi nhdn tM nhtfng phtfdng phdp sau ddy mang Iai hieu qua cao nhat. Sinh viSn vd gidng viSn cd the dp dung cdc biSn phdp ndy ttong qud trinh gidng day vd hgc tap gidp ndng eao ky ndng phdt dm tieng Anh.
3.2.1. Hpe cdc dm tieng Anh
Sinh viSn phdi ndm dtfde he thdng dm tidng Anh vd bidt dtfdc stf khdc biSt gitta he thdng dm tidng Anh vd tidng Viet. BSn canh dd, sinh viSn phdi hge ehtt cdi ngtt dm vd cdc ky ttt dde biSt ggi Id kJ MSu pMen dm. Mdi chtf edi ngtt dm ed the cd nhilu ky Meu pMSn am. Vi vay, sinh viSn phdi biS't dtfdc ehtt edi ndo se phat dtfde am gi.
Vi du: ehtt cdi "O" phdi dtfdc phdt tiidnh dm /D/ hodc dm /QU/, 2 chtt cai " e e " phdi dtfdc phdt thdnh dm I'r.l.
3.2.2. 5i? diJing cde nguon luyen phdt dm chudn tren mgng
Ngodi stf htfdng ddn cua gidng viSn, sinh vien phdi ttf hgc thdng qua cdc phtfdng tien Men dai dang rat phd bien Men nay. Sinh viSn ed t h l stt dung cde phin mem hgc phdt dm hoac eac chtfdng tiinh day phdt dm ttSn mang nhtf: "The sounds of American Enghsh" hay hgc phdt dm qua chtfdng dinh "bbeleaming English". Qua cdc chtfdng ttinh ndy, sinh viSn cd thl quan sat edeh 26
phdt dm chu^n cdc dm tieng Anh ciaa ngtfdi Anh hodc ngtfdi My. Trong cdc chtfdng tiinh ndy, to^n bd 44 dm tidng Anh dtfde htfdng ddn phdt dm i^t rd va sinh vien cung cd the quan sdt ky hinh dang ciia mdi, miSng, vi tri cua Itfdi, i^ng kM phdt am.
Dieu ndy gidp sinh vien thtfe hdnh dS ddng hicfti, Ddy eung Id cdch giiip gidi quydt khd khdn cho ngtfdi hge tidng Anh ttong dilu kiSn khdng c6 ngtfdi ban xtf ndi tieng Anh / My ehuin d l luy^n tap theo.
3.2.3. Luyin tap nhOng dm khd nfidt ddi vdi sinh viin vd pfidn biit nhiing dm de bi dpc nhdm vdi dm khdc
Da sd'sinh viSn gap khd khdn ttong viSc phSi dm mgt so' dm ttong tiding Anh do stf khdc biet gitta tidng Anh vd tieng me de. Cde bdi tdp luyen phdt dm theo tttng cap ttt nhd phdt huy rd^t hi§u qud ttong trtfdng hdp ndy. Gidng vidn giiip sinh vien luyen phdt dm theo tiJfng ttf thay eho viec tap phdt dm ttfng dm riSng le.
Phai thtfc hdnh luyen tdp cdc dm theo tilfng edp dd phdn biSt dtfdc stf khdc nhau gitta cdc cSp dm. Vl du nhtt cdp dm /p/ va fbl ed cdeh phdt am gidng nhau d vi til phdt dm, cd hai deu cd sU kel hdp gitta mdi ttSn vd mdi dtfdi nhtfng dm /p/ khi phdt am day thanh khdng rung vd hdi bdt ra manh hdn so vdi dm ^ / , luyen phdt dm cae eura t& nhi(
"pit" - "bit", "pride" - "bride", "tap" - "tab".
3.2.4. Ghi dm bdi luyin phdt dm vd phdi h0 su ddnh gid cua gidng viin
Smh viSn cd t h l thtfe hdnh luyen tdp bkg cdeh ghi dm lai qud trinh luyen tap hodc quay video qud tnnh Myen tap cila minh vd ddnh gifl ket qud luyen tdp. Khd khdn ldn nhat ttong dch ndy Id smh viSn khdng the dX ddnh gid dtfdc phSt dm cua minh, khdng bidt minh phdt dm diing hay sai va ttong d i l u kiSn mdi trtfdng hgc tdp khdng cd ngtfdi bdn xtf dd danh gid thi vai ttd cua giSng viSn gidng day rat c i n thidt. Sinh viSn c6 \bi gdi bdi luySn phdt dm cho gidng viSn nhdn x^t nhttng dm chtta cMnh xdc de sinh vien c6 th^
chinh stta. Chiing tdi da thtte hiSn phttdng phip ndy vd thu dtfde hieu qud rCt eao mac dii phii dau ttf rd't nhilu thdi gian vd cdng stfc. Diem y^u Idn nhat cua sinh viSn Id khdng luySn tdp phit dm, vi ths' gidng vien nSn nSu ySu ciu ndy vSo
RUQNG DAI HOC D6NG THAP Tap chl Khoa hpc so 13 (6-2015)
e ctfdng chi tiS't mdn hge vd ldy kdt qud ddnh eao kha ndng phdt dm cua sinh vien, hai bdi kiem id ldm diem hge phin.
4. Danh gia k^t qua ap dung cac biSn phap
§ng cao kha nang phat dm cua sinh viSn nam li^t cbuySn nganh tie'ng Anh
De xdc dinh hiSu qud eila ede biSn phdp ndng
tta trinh do phdt dm eiia sinh vien da dtfdc tien hanh trtfdc vd sau khi dp dung cdc biSn phdp ndng cao khd nang phdt dm eho 20 sinh vien dtfdc chgn ngdu nMen ttong sd 100 sinh vien .
— p 1 ^ •^tjfUkHUsi^
• Pretest
•posttest
/e/ /a/ /;/ /y /f/ /^
Biiu dS 1. Stf ti^n b$ ciia sinh viSn khi phat dm cac phu dm nhom 1
Ke't qud cua bieu do 1 chtfng td sinh vien tie'n
>d r i t nMlu sau khi dp dung cdc biSn phdp rdn uyen vd tham gia thtfe hdnh. Am /9/ l i n d i u 19 inh viSn phdt dm sai nhiftig l i n hai ehi edn 7. Am 5/ lln diu 15 sinh viSn phdt dm sai nhtfng Ian hai :M cdn 5. Am /J"/ l i n dau 14 sinh viSn phdt dm
sai nhiMg lin hai ehi cdn 6. Am / 3 / lin diu 13 sinh viSn phat dm sai nhiftig lin hai chi cdn 5. Am / f / lan d i u 18 sinh viSn phdt dm sai nhuhg Ian hai cM edn 4. Am /dj/ lin diu 20 sinh viSn phdt am sai nhtfng lin hai chi edn 8.
BiS'u dd 2. Stf tiS'n bO cua sinh vidn khi phat am cac nguySn dm nhdm 2
Ket qud ctta bieu dd 2 cung khang dinh stf lieu qud cua viSc dp dung cdc biSn phdp ren uySn vd tham gia thtfc hdnh phdt dm eac nguyen ,m tieng Anh. Am /u:/ lin dau 14 sinh viSn phdt m sai nhuhg Ian hai chi edn 4. Am / u / l i n diu 0 sinh viSn phdt dm sai nhtftig lan hai chi edn 2.
Am /se/ lan d i u 19 sinh vien phat dm sai nhtfng l i n hai eM cdn 10. Am /i:/ l i n diu 20 sinh vien phdt dm sai nhiftig l i n hai ehi edn 7. Am /!/ l i n diu 12 sinh viSn phdt dm sai nhtftig l i n hai chi cdn 5. Am /3:/lin dau 16 sinh viSn phdt dm sai nhtfng l i n hai cM edn 6.
27
mUCSSIG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hpc s6 13
20 B
•f -
.S 10
1 '
fn ' • 1 1
'^^1 ^Ji^H ^^^^^B ^^B^^^
• Prateit
• Po$tte«
V|tTfd3u V j t r i ^ i r a V l t r i c u A
Bidu dd 3. Stf tie'n bS cua smh viSn khi phat dm nhom 3
nhu ciu cin tMe't dd'i vdi tdt ed sinh viSn ndi chunjii vd sinh viSn nam thtf nhat chuyen ngdnh ti^nj Anh ndi riSng vi phdt dm dung se h6 ttd rat nhieu cho viec phdt triln ede ky ndng khdc, ddc biftli ky ndng nghe va ky ndng ndi. Cdc biSn phap nhil hge ede dm vd he thdng dm tiS'ng Anh/Vifit, si dung ede ngudn tdi heu ttSn mang, luySn cfic c$p dm hay ghi dm bai dgc va nhd gidng vien chluli stta se that stt cin tMS't cho viSe ndng cao ky nang phdt dm cua sinh vien,/.
Ket qud kiem tta lan thtt nha't cd 18 sinh vien khdng phdt dm diu nhiftig lin thtf hai cM edn 4 sinh vien. Cac dm d vi til gitta cung dttdc cdi tMSn, lin thtf nhat cd 9 sinh viSn khdng phdt dm phu dm d gitfa nhUHg lin thtf hai cM cdn 3 sinh viSn. Cac phu dm d vi tri cudi ttt cung cdi tMSn ddng ke, cM cdn 5 trong sd 30 sinh vien pham Idi. Ket qud tiSn chttng td ede bien phdp ndy deu mang Iai Meu qud cho viee phdt ede phu dm d diu, gitta va eudi ttt.
5. Ke't ludn
Ndng cao ky ndng phat am cho sinh viSn Id Tdi liSu tham khao
[1]. Avery, P., & Ehrlich, S. (1992), Teaching Amencan English pronunciation, Oxford Universily Press, Oxford.
[2], Brown, A. (1995), "Minima! Pairs: Minimal importance.?", ELT Joumal, vol.26, no.l, pp. 49-52, [3]. Cathy, M. (1978), "The Teaching of Pronunciation (pp. 6)", CUP.
[4]. Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Goodwin, J. (1996), "Teaching pronunciation: Reference for teach- ers of English to speakers of other languages", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[5]. Dan, C. (2006), "How can I improve my student's pronunciation?" Report submitted to China's Experi- mental Centre for Educational Action Research in Foreign Languages Teaching, June 2006, Guyuan, Ningxia.
[6]. Hoang Thi Quynh Hoa (1965), A phonological contrastive study of Vietnamese and English, A thesis in English Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Technological College in Partial Fulfillment of the Re- quirements for the Degree of, MASTER OF ARTS, Retrieved July 10, 2009 from the World Wide Web: btlpJ /www.docjax.com/document/view.shtml?id^350568&title=A%20PHONOLOGICAL%20CONTRASTIV^
0STUDY%20OF%20VlETNAMESE%20AND%20ENGLISH%20by%20.
[7]. Marks, J. (2007), "English Pronunciation in Use Elementary", CUP.
[8]. Nguyen Thi Thu Thao (2007), "Difficulties for Vietnamese when pronouncing English Final conso- nants", http://dalea.du.se/theses/?itemld=2915.
[9]. UIRF (1954), "Phonetics: The Sounds of American English',Retrieved June 15,2009 from the Wcidil Wide Webhttp://www.uiowa.edu/-acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html.
METHODS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION FOR THE FIRST-YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT DONG THAP UNIVERSITY
Summary
The results of the study on the current pronunciation of the first year English majors at Dong Thap Oni versity showed that their English pronunciation is limited and needs more practice. Many methods were ap- plied to improve their pronunciation. The efficient ones include distinguishing the differences between tbc English and Vietnamese phonology, the onUne pronunciation practice, more practices on difficult sounds ani feedback ft'om the teachers about errors in liie recorded passages. These practice methods do play an impor- tant part in improving the first year majors' pronunciation. Practicing regulariy is the essential requirementfo all the methods to obtain good pronunciation.
Keywords: Improving pronunciation, practice.
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