THI TRUCiNG/XUAT KHAU
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Tieu thu thuy san cua Trung Quoc tang manh tac dong den thj trnwig nguyen lieu Viet Nam
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TRUNG QUOC LA CU'ONG QUOC THUY SAN, LUON DAN BAU VE SAN XUAT LAN THU'ONG MAI THUY SAN. XUAT KHAU THUY SAN CUA TRUNG QUOC OANG GIAM DAN VE TOC DO TANG T R U O N G NHU'NG NHAP KHAU CO NHIEU TRIEN VONG TANG MANH DO TIEU THU TRONG NU'OC GIA TANG.
TRUNG QUOC TICH CUC THU MUA NGUYEN LIEU TU" NLTOC NGOAI DE PHUC VU NHU CAU TRONG NU'OC VA CHE BIEN XUAT KHAU.
Nhat Ban va My. Trong khi do, thi trudng thiiy san Trung Quoc lai trd nen sdi dpng va nude nay ndi len nhu mpt thi trudng tieu thy thuy san tieu bieu trong rihdm nam nudc mdi ndi BRICS
Theo Infofish International, nam 2012 ngoai thuong thuy san cua Trung Qud'c dgt 7,95 trieu tail va 27 ty USD, giam 2,8% ve khoi lupng nhung tang 4,7% ve gia tri so vdi nam 2011. Trong dd, khc5 lupng XK chie'm 3,8 trieu tah, giam 2,8%, nhung gia tri XK dgt miic ky luc 19 ty USD, tang 6,8%
so vdi nam 2011. Khdi lupng NK dat 4,13 trieu tan, giam 2,8%, gia tri NK dat 8 ty USD, giam 0,02 % so vdi nam 2011.
Tau danh ca cua ngu' dan Trung Quoc
2012 - nam thang lai cua thu'ang mai thuy san Trung Quoc
Trong may nam gan day, nhieu nudc tieu thu thiiy san Idn
bi anh hudng manh ciia khimg hoang tai chinh va suy thoai kinh te'toan cau nen tieu thy thuy san sa sut, do dd NK ndi chung giam manh d EU va giam vira phai d
Cac mat hang XK chinh cua trung Quoc (khong tinh hang gia cong che bien) (Khoi lucrng: 10.000 tan, gia tri: 100 trieu USD)
M^t hang Tom Thiiy san co vo Ca chinh Ca ro plii Ca du vang Tom hum n u a c ngpt Ca nheo
Ty trong trong gia tri XK, %
14,46 9,12 8,97 8,67 2,01 2,09 0,20
2012 Khoi luqmg
21,42 22,79 3,73 36,20 4,24 2,71 0,38
Gia tri 19,40 12,24 12,03 11,63 2,70 2,81 0,26
Tang giam so 2011 (%) Khoi lugmg
-7,32 -6,62 -12,47 9,59 -2,51 80,22 -42,00
Gia tri 2,80 3,81 10,78 4,91 16,24 63,05 -48,68
W / SO 167 / TH*NG 11/2013
THI TRU'(3NG/XUAT K H A U
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Thang du thuong mgi thiiy san td'ng cpng 11 ty USD, tang 1,21 ty USD so vdl nam 2011. San pham thiiy san giii vi tri hang dau trong cac loai ndng san XK, chie'm 31% tdng XK ndng thuy san, lang 0,9% so vdi nam 2012.
XK thuy san eua Trung Qud'c gom hai mang chinh la XK san pham thuy san tir ngudn nguyen lieu san xua't trong nudc va XK san phaim thuy san tir nguon nguyen lieu NK va do khach hang cung cap. Trong nam 2012, do NK nguyen lieu gia cdng giam nen XK thiiy san gia edng giam, dat 1,13 tail va 5,34 ty USD, giam 6,22% ve khdi lu(png va 0,16% ve gia tri, chie'm 28,12% tdng XK thuy san cua nude nay
XK thuy san vdi ngud'n nguyen lieu trong nudc dgt 2,52 tripu tan, giam 0,77%, gia tri dat 13,42 tneu tan so vdi nam 2012.
Nhgt Ban va My la hai thi trudng tieu thy Idn nha't thiiy san Trung Qud'c. Han Qud'c roi tir vi tri la nha NK Idn thii 4 xud'ng thii sau va dang tie'p tue giam. Trong so' cac thi trudng tieu thu chinh, XK sang EU, Dai Loan va Hd'ng Kong de'u giam. Tuy nhien XK sang Nhat, My va khdi ASEAN tang ve gia tri, mac du giam ve khd'i Iupng Rieng EU, sau nhieu nam tang deu, nhung tir sau nira cudi nam 2011 da giam lien tyc de'n nay.
Nhiing thay doi ddng chd y trong phuang thdc XNK
N3m 2012, NK thuy san cua Trung Qud'c giam, trong dd gia trj va khdi lupng nguyen lieu tir khach hang va tir NK giam, cho tha'y trien vpng xua't khau hang
Cac thi trUomg chinh tieu thu thuy san Trung Quoc, 2012 Cac thi tnrang xuat khau chinh ciia thuy san Trung Quoc
(Khoi Iuong: 1.000 tan, gia tri: ty USD) Thi truang
Nhat Ban My EU ASEAN Hong Kong
Han Quo'c Dal Loan
Khoi lugmg 679,3 538,4 512,5 492,9 201,5 443,9 121,0
Tang giam so nam 2011 (%)
-4,46 -1,34 -10,81
-1,07 13,28 -11,52 8,10
Gia hi 4,216 2,947 2,210 2,126 2,059 1,483 1,074
Tang giam so nam 2011 (%)
3,53 1,14 -9,73 23,80 31,89 -6,84 27,72
Ca bien d i r p c wa chugng tren ih; iru-ang TQ + Hong Kong gia edng khdng cdn kha quan.
Nhung rieng NK thiiy san phue vu eho tieu dimg trong nudc dang hep tpc tang ca ve khoi lupng va gia tri.
Theo Infofish Inlernatinal, td'c dd tang trudng XK cua Trung Qude khdng cdn manh nhu nhiing nam trudc, nhung nudc nay da lap nen mpt ky lye mdi ve gia tri trong nam 2012. XK giam ding cho tha'y mdt mat khac oia phat trie'n kinh doanh thuy san cua Trung Quo'c. Dd la nhieu ngudn cung cap oia nude nay da mpt phan hudng vao phuc vy thi trudng npi dia.
Hien nay, cac thuong nhan
nudc ngoai dang nham de'n
"sieu thi trudng thiiy san" Trung Qudc, vi vgy hang gia cdng che' bie'n nguyen lieu tir NK va khach hang eung cap da giam.
Mdt so edng ty cd von nudc ngoai d Trung Qud'c eiing dat mye heu hudng vao thi trudng ndi dia va ed'gang tham nhap sau hon. Tai Hdi chp Thiiy san Qud'c te'td chiic d Dai Lien nam ngoai, nhieu nha trien lam nudc ngoai da chuyen tir vi tri la ngudi mua sang vi tri la ngudi ban.
Trien vong cho ndm 2013 Theo so' lieu mdi nha't, XK va NK thuy san ciia Trung Qud'c trong 5 thang dau nam 2013
THI TRJCiNG/XUAT KHAU
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dang tang len, tang 11,01% ve gia tri XK va 11,27% ve NK so vdi cimg ky nam 2012. Tuy nhien, cac chuyen gia dy doan ve dai hgn, XK se giam dan de'n mpt gidi han nha't dinh, nhung NK se tie'p tuc tang do sy gia tang eua tang ldp trung luu d Trung Qud'c.
Tieu thu thuy san tang manh tai cac dd thi Idn va cac thanh phd' vimg duyen hai. Theo so lieu mdi nha't, NK thiiy san vao Trung Qud'c trong 6 thang dau nam 2013 dat 2,9 ty USD, tang gan 10% so vdl ciing ky nam ngoai. Xu hudng nay ed nhieu kha nang se tang manh hon ve cud'i nam do eac nha cung cap mud'n xay dyng ngudn hang phuc vu cho dip nghi Ie nam mdi duong lieh va am lich.
Xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc
Nam 2008 danh da'u su phuc hdi rihay vpt cua XK thuy san nude ta sang Trung Qud'c, tang 221% so vdi nam 2007. Trong 5 nam gan day, NK thuy san tir Viet Nam cua Trung Qud'c tang trudng kha manh so vol nhieu thi trudng NK khac (trong khi nhieu thi trudng cdn chim sau trong tang trudng am NK thuy san Viet Nam nhu EU, Nga...).
Thuc te'nay cho tha'y siic hiit ghe gdm cua "sieu thi trudng"
Trung Qude doi vdi thuy san nudc ta. Hien Trung Qud'c la nude NK thuy san Idn thii 3 cua Viet Nam, sau My va Nhat Ban, ne'u tinh theo thi trudng don le
Trong nhiing san pham ehinh, mat hang tdm chie'm ty trong Idn nha't trong tdng XK thiiy san Viet
Xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc, 2008-2012 (Trieu USD)
• Tong gia tn XK • Tom Ca tra • Myc, Bach luoc • Thuy san khac|
Xuat khau cac san pham chinh sang Trung Quoc trong 8 thang dau 2013 (trieu USD)
Nam sang Trung Qud'c (chie'm gan 61% ve gia tri trong nam 2012). Trong giai doan 2008-2011, td'c dp tang trudng mat hang nay dat dupc rat cao, dao ddng trong khoang 93- 55%/nam, nam 2012 tang 14,2% so vdi nam 2011.
8 thang dau nam nay, XK thuy san nudc ta sang Trung Qud'c dat gan 331 trieu USD, tang 29,5%
so vdi ciing ky nam ngoai, trong dd mat hang tdm ehiem 212 trieu USD, tang 38,2%. Viet Nam hien
la nha cung ca'p tdm Idn thii 4 eho thi trudng Trung Qud'c {sau An Dp, Ecuado va Achentina).
Mat hang ea tra nude ta cung da tham nhap vao thi trudng Trung Qud'c mac dii cdn khiem tdri, nhung td'c dp tang trudng kha trien vpng, nam 2012 tang 31,5% ve gia trj so vdi nam truac va trong 8 thang dau nam nay tang 23,4%. Hy vpng ca tra se tie'p tyc tang cudng thi phan trong nhiing nam tdi do hi?n
/ so 167 / THAHG 11
THI TRadNG/XUAT KHAU
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nay, nhieu DN ca tra da cd nhiing ke' hogch trien khai XK vao thi trucmg nay. Dang luu y la Trung Qudc deu thu kha manh nhiing phu pham eua qua trinh che'bie'n phile ca tra nhu iic ca, thit bung ca, da ca,
Rieng mat hang myc va bach tudc, XK sang Trung Qud'c trong giai doan 2008-2011 giam kha mgnh, nhung deh nam 2012 da phyc hdi trd lgi, trong 8 thang dau nam nay tang tren 4% so vdi ciing ky nam 2012.
S i f l a i hai cua
"sieu thj tru'dng" thuy san Trung Quoc
Nhin chung, ve co ban tang trudng XK thiiy san cua nudc ta sang Trung Qud'c la mpt sy phat trien mang tich tich cue, tao mot dau ra tiem nang cho nhieu loai thiiy san nudc ta vdi viec tan dung cac lpi the' ve giao thdng thuy va bp.
Tuy rJiien, lpi the' nay ciing dupc gidi kinh doanh Trung Qudc tan dung tript de. Va dang lo nggi nha't la viec budn ban gian Ign khdng chinh ngach qua bien gidi dang ngay cang gia tang va gia tn xua't thiiy san cd the khdng kem nhieu so vdi XK chinh ngach. Mat hang dang bi anh hudng manh nha't lai la con tdm, mdt san pham XK chii lye ciia thuy san nudc ta.
May thang gan day, eac vimg nudi tdm va khai thae thuy san truyen thd'ng eua nudc ta dang bj cudn vao "con bao" thu gom nguyen lieu tdm va ea com oia thuang nhan Trung Qud'c.
Viec thu gom nguyen lieu cua
Trung Qud'c da xay ra thudng xuyen trong nhieu nam, nhung nam nay cang manh me hon, do san lupng tdm cua Trung Qud'c ding nhu nhieu nudc trong khu vye bi thiet hgi nang ne trudc dich benh. San luong tdm eiia nudc ta cung trong tinh canh tuong ty.
Do dd ngudn cung cap tdm eang hie'm, eae DN tdm roi vao tinh trang thie'u ddi nguyen lieu tram trpng hon, trong khi rat nhieu co hdi thi trudng dang dupc md ra d cac nudc tieu thu Idn.
Cac DN tdm Viet Nam khdng the canh tranh vdi thuong nhan Trung Qud'c ve nhieu le. Hp dupc uu dai ve chinh sach thoai thu thue'eua Trung Qud'c, ed vd'n Idn, do vay cd the tra gia cao hon va thanh toan ngay bang tien mat, lai dupc su hd trp cua eac thanh phan trung gian d eac dia phuong. Hp ra't biet each lpi dung chinh sach uu dai XK ciia nudc ta de "lach" cac khoan thue' theo quy dinh. Ben canh dd, viec thu mua ciia thuong nhan Trung Qud'c ciing la mdt ddng luc Iam gia tang tieu thy tdm chat lupng kem va tiep tay eho gian lan thuong mai bang each chap nhan tdm bom chieh tgp chat tang trpng trong tdm nguyen con
Thyc te^ viec eac thuong lai Trung Qud'c lpi dimbgj danh nghia di du lich tie'n hanh thu gom nguyen lieu deh tan timg gia dinh ngudi dan la mdt hogt dpng kinh doanh khdng diing phap luat, vi hp khdng dang ky va khdng cd gia'y phep hanh nghe thuang mai tren lanh thd Viet Nam. Nhung viee lam nay chua dupc cae co quan quan ly dia
phuong va nganh quan tam diing miic de cd nhiing bien phap ean thiep nham bao ve ca ngudi nudi va DN thu mua, che'bie'n XK, vi viee thu mua 6 at ndng thiiy san ciia Trung Qud'c ciing da timg de Igi nhieu "bi kich" cho khdng it ngudi san xua't nudc ta, viee mua ban nay la bat thudng va khdng ben viing. Vi vay, eac nha quan ly can nhanh chdng xem xet de'n eac bien phap han che' tac dpng eua viee thu gom nguyen lieu cua ngudi nudc ngoai tren lanh thd nudc ta.
Viec de xua't danh thue XK tdm nguyen lieu ciia VASEP la mdt bien phap kha thi rat thich dang trong tru'dng hpp nay, vi day la mat hang dupc xua't dudi dang nguyen lieu thd.
Mat khac, cac DN nude ta ciing nhan rd hon tam quan trpng ciia viee xay dung chudi lien ke't san xua't giiia ngudi nudi va nha che'bieh. Su chu dpng ve nguyen lieu ddi hdi cac DN quan tam dau tu hon niia vao viing nguyen lieu va hai hda loi ieh giiia cac thanh phan trong chudi.
Bdi trudc nhiing bat cap nay sinh, su ean thiep ve eac ehinh sach cua Nha nude bao gid ding cham so vdi su van ddng oia xa hpi. Ddng thdi qua day, DN ciing tha'y rd su chi phdi mgnh me eiia eac ddi thii canh tranh trong boi canh canh tranh toan eau va day ciing la mdt mat khae eua hpi nhap kinh te'qud'c te'ma cac DN phai dd'i mat. •
T.P.