Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
HIEN TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAO SAN LlTffNG THAN
t r o n g iiliufiig n a m tiif
From the results of the analysis on the present situations of coal mining activities in Vietnam, the author refers to some potential solutions for increasing coal production both in underground and open pit coal mines for meeting urgent coal demands for domestic utilization and export as well
ThS. N G U Y I N NGOC BINH
Tap doan CN Than - Khoang san VN
1. Hien trang tham do va khai thac:
Thiic te khai thac tai eae md eho thay, tuy eau true dia chat va tru lUdng khdng cd thay ddi Idn, nhUng nhiing thay ddi cue bd thudng gap trong khai thac da lam anh hudng khdng nhd den tie'n do san xua't va hieu qua dau tu.
Mot sd md cd mCre do tham dd tha'p, nen viia khai thac viia phai tien hanh tham dd. Tai lieu dia chat cdn so lUOc, ehUa dap ling cho cdng tac quy hoach thiet ke khai thac.
Phan trtjr lUdng dudi miic - 300 cija cac khd'i dja chat ed trien vong, Udc tinh khoang 786,7 trieu tan trU lUdng cap C2 [Trong tong so 6,9 t^ tan trd laang da bao dadi mdc - 300). De ed the huy ddng phan tai nguyen - trOr lUdng dudi miic -300 vao khai thac can phai ed quy hoach eho edng tac tham dd va nghien cijfu dia chat.
Trong nhiing nam qua, san lUdng than ndi chung va san lUdng than ham Id ndi rieng cua Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam tang nhanh. San lUdng than nguyen khai nam 2004 la 27,5 trieu tan {trong dd than ham Id: 9,7 trieu tan), nam 2009 san lUdng than nguyen khai da dat dUdc la 45,9 trieu tan {trong dd than ham Id: 18,2
trieu tan), d i i kien san lUdng than nguyen khai nam 2010 la 47,5 trieu tan {trong dd than ham Id: 21 trieu tan), san lUdng than nguyen khai nam 2015 se la 66 trieu tan (trong dd than ham Id la 42 trieu tan).
Hien trang khai thac cac mo than Id thien:
Hien nay Nganh than cd 5 md Id thien Idn san xua't vdi cdng sua't tren 2 trieu tan/nam la Cao Sdn, Cgc Sau, Deo Nai, Ha Tu, Nui Beo, 15 md Id thien vC/a va cdng trudng Id thien {thudc cac cdng ty than ham Id) vdi cdng sua't tCr 100 + 700 ngan tan/nam va mdt sd diem khai thac Id via. Trong cae nam qua. Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam da thUe hien dau tU ddi mdi cdng nghe, cai thien tinh trang ky thuat va edng nghe khai thac Id thien, dd la:
- Chi dao va giao chi tieu he sd bdc da't da eho cac edng ty, cai thien dan cae thdng sd cua he thd'ng khai thac do cac nam trudc thu hep san xua't.
- Da nghien ciiu va ap dung thanh cdng he thdng khai thac khau theo Idp diing cho hau het cae md.
- Cae khau chu yeu trong quy trinh edng nghe khai thac Id thien da dUOc dau t u trang thiet bi hien dai va ddng bo.
Hien trang khai thac cac mo than ham Id:
Hien nay cd tren 30 md ham Id dang hoat ddng. Trong dd ehi cd 9 md cd trU lUdng huy ddng Idn, cd cdng nghe va ed sd ha tang tUdng dd'i hoan chinh, khai thac vdi san lUOng ham Id tCr 1,5 trieu tan/nam trd len. Cac md cdn lai san luong khai thac dudi 1,5 trieu tan/nam, day ehuyen cdng nghe va cd sd ha tang chua day du. Mot sd md nhd, dien tfch khai tnidng hep, trii luong ft nen khdng cd dieu kien de phat trien san lUdng va cd gidi hoa day chuyen cdng nghe.
He thdng khai thac cot dai theo phUdng, Id chd khau theo chieu ddc eho via thoai va nghieng dang la he thdng khai thac truyen thdng dUde iing dung nhieu nhat trong khai thac ham Id. Chieu dai Id chd khi chd'ng cot thuy liie ddn hoac gia thuy liic di ddng la 100 + 150m, san lUdng 100 -^
180 ngan tan/nam;
Mdt sd edng nghe khai thac dang duoe ap dung thCf nghiem de khai thac via mdng va ddc > 50 ° nhU: he thdng khai thac dudi dan mem Id chd cat nghieng; he thdng ap dung CO gidi hoa khai thac bang gian 2ANSH, he thdng khai thac chia Idp ngang nghieng chdng gia thuy liic,... tuy nhien nhung cdng nghe nay v i n
KHCNM s o 7/2010* NGHlfiN CCXJ-TRAO DOI
T h o n g t i n k h o a h o c c o n g n g h e m o
chua hoan thien, nang sua't chUa cao.
Trong nhung nam qua Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than- Khoang san Viet Nam da ehi dao dua vao ap dung thii nghiem khau than trong Id chd bang may combai tai md Khe Cham, Vang Danh va mot sd md thudc vung Quang Ninh, ap dung cho nhiing via than ddc thoai dudi 25°, chieu day 1,6 -^
3m, chieu dai Id chd 120m, budc dau da dat dUdc nhung ket qua dang khfch le. San lUdng Id chd khi khau than bang may combai chd'ng gia thuy liie dat 350 ngan tan/nam, khi khau than bang may combai chdng dan Cd gidi hoa tii hanh dat 500 ngan tan/nam.
Xu hudng phat trien cdng nghe khai thac ham Id la hoan thien sd dd edng nghe khau Id chd dai theo hudng cd gidi hoa ddng bd, tang chieu cao khau het chieu day via. Phat trien sd dd cdng nghe chia Idp nghieng vdi vach gia nhan tao bang cac vat lieu mdi, khau than dudi dan tu hanh ed ed cau thu hdi than ndc va cd gidi hoa khai thac gUdng Id chd ngan.
2. Giai phap nang cao san lUdng than trong nhiimg nam tdi:
Cac mold thien:
- Nang cdng suat khai thac cac md Id thien Deo Nai, Coc Sau, Cao Sdn, Khe Cham II, Ddng va Tay Nam Da Mai, Ddng va Tay Khe Sim, Bac Quang Ldi.
- Md rdng tdi da bien gidi khai thac Id thien theo chieu sau va chu vi rudng md tai cac khu viic eho phep.
- Td chCrc khai thac hop ly cac md, eae khu de sdm hinh
thanh cae bai thai trong vdi khdi lUdng dd thai trong Idn nha't nham giam ehi phi san xuat va bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai.
- Tiep tuc hien dai hoa day chuyen thiet bj khai thac hien nay theo hudng dUa vao s i i dung cac loai thiet bj ed ddng cd cdng suat Idn, phu hdp vdi dieu kien va quy md cua tCrng md, tiing khu viie.
Cac mo ham Id :
- Day manh ap dung cd gidi hda trong edng tac dao Id xay dung cd ban cung nhu cac dudng Id chuan bj san xua't bang cac thiet bi hien dai: Xe khoan tu hanh, may bdc xCie ed nang sua't eao, may dao Id lien hdp... Di ddi vdi cdng tac dao Id, cdng tae chdng Id eung can dUdc tang cudng tdi da, sii dung eae loai vat lieu va cdng nghe chdng giOr tien tien: chdng Id bang vi neo, vi neo ket hdp be tdng phun tai cae khu vtie cd dieu kien dia chat thich hdp.
- Md rdng nang cao edng sua't eae md hien cd, tfch cue dau t u cac md ham Id ed cdng suat Idn de dam bao san lUdng than khai thac ham Id tang trudng ben viing tren ed sd trOr lUdng va edng nghe khai thac.
- Hoan thien cae thdng sd he thdng khai thac Id chd theo hudng tang chieu dai Id chd, tang chieu day Idp khau hoac khau het chieu day via.
- Nghien ciiu va ap dung cd gidi hoa ddng bo eho cae khu via ddc va ed gidi hoa ha tran de cd nhung Id chd san lUdng
> 1,5 trieu tan/nam.
- Ddng bd hoa thiet bj trong van tai Id chd va cac dudng Id nham nang eao nang Itic van
tai, dae biet ddi vdi cac Id chd Cd gidi hoa cao.
- Liia chon cac giai phap ky thuat va cdng nghe hdp ly de de xua't cac cap, cac nganh cho phep khai thac trong eae vung han che nham tan dung triet de tai nguyen than tren ed sd dam bao an toan cho canh quan, mdi trudng va cac cdng trinh.
- LUa chon cac giai phap ky thuat de tien hanh khai thac triet de than trong cac khu viic khd khai thac nhu tru bao ve cac cdng trinh mat bang md, dudng d td, dudi eae Idng hd va viJng dan eU nham tan dung va tiet kiem tai nguyen.
- Tfch cue tham dd, nghien Cliu edng nghe va kha nang khf hoa than de ed the sdm dua khoang sang Binh Minh - Khoai Chau vao khai thac de cd the nang cao san lUdng khai thac, dap ijfng nhu eau ve sii dung nang lUdng va gdp phan dam bao an ninh nang lUdng qudc gia./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1] Bao cao cac chi tieu ky thuat cdng nghe chCt yeu cua Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam nam 2009, cac bao cao ke hoach va bao cao danh gia ap dung cdng nghe ca gidi hoa khau than cCia Cdng ty than Khe Cham, Cdng ty Co phan than Vang Danh...
[2] Thac sT: Nguyin Nggc Binh "Nghien cOu, danh gia cdng nghe khai thac ham Id b Cdng ty Dia chat va khai thac khoang san nham de xuat cac giai phap giam mat mat than ", Luan van thac sT ky thuat, chuyen nganh khai thac mo, (2000), ma so: 2.08.00.
KHCNM s o 7/2010* NGHlfiN CCU-TRAO DOI