VE CHIEC AN DONG
TAM GIANG KHAU TUAN KIEM
TYANTHOfI TRAN
NGUVeN C 6 N G VIET (*l
T
rong kho tang di san van hda dan tpc thi an chuong la loai hinh quy hiem vdi dac thii rieng ma bat cii nha nghien ciiu cd su va cac suu tam gia cd vat nao cung phai thira nhan. Chinh vi vay, cdng tac khao sat suu tam thu thap tu lieu ve an chuong, dac biet la hien vat an cd nien dai sdm la viec rat khd khan phiic tap. Chua ke den thye te hien tai khdng it hien vat an gia dii cae chat lieu ma chu yeu bang ddng duac dan dyng rao ban nhu nhilng bau vat mdi tim thay,...Cd nhilng qua an dupe ngyy tao cdng phu ma khdng cd kinh nghiem, qua trinh nghien ciiu suu tam ciing de bj mac phai.
Qua an ddng gidi thieu trong bai viet nay la ca mpt thdi gian dai chiing tdi theo dudi khao sat, nghien ciiu. Tir may nam trude diu tien la nhung birc anh chyp md nhat va ban in rap nhde nhoet, rdi den tu lieu in chup rd rang hon. Cho den liic dupe tiep xiic tryc tiep vdi qua an nay thi tdi vd cimg mimg ra vi thay day la mpt an ddng cd gia trj vdi nhieu tieu chi ma d cac an ddng khac khdng cd duac. An da bj bim nude viii lap nhieu
the ky, va may man dupe mdt ngu dan md tim dd dac bj chim vdt len dupe tir nhieu nam trude. Qua an trdi ndi qua tay may ngudi, cudi ciing ve vdi nha giao hp Duong d ngoai thanh Ha Ndi. Ong la thay giao day toan cap III, song lai lam tha va tran trpng di san van hda dan tdc.
Khi dng chinh thiic ehuan bj lam chu sd hilu qua an, tdi la ngudi nghien ciiu, giam djnh chan ngyy thi dng mdi dam quyet. Ciing vdi sd an tin nhieu nam suu tam thu thap, qua an nay den nay dng van eoi la bau vat trong nha, giu gin can trpng. Tdi da nhieu nam nghien cim an chuong nen khdng chi thay Duong la chd than tinh ma bat cir chu nhan nao ciia an khi tdi mudn xin xem xet, chup anh hp deu rat nhiet tinh.
An cd chat lieu bang ddng pha it kim loai khac va qua nhieu the ky biin dat chdn viii, nen chuyen mau xam xin den, mat ngoai san siii, num an cd lo mpt nhd. Hai gdc canh phia tren bj due gpt nhe, dinh tren mim an cd vet due ngang '** PGS.TS.Vien Nghien ciiu Han Nom.
VE CHIEC AN DONG TAM GIANG KHAU TUAN KIEM TY,4N .
deu do ngudi tim thay an due thir xem cd phai la vang hay khdng!
An dupe diic theo hinh thiic de vudng, niim chudi vd det to ban, dudi to tren thudn nhd. Num an tinh tir mat tren cd chieu cao 6,3cm. Num det phan dudi rdng 3,5cm, phan ehdp mim rdng 2,5cm.
De an day 1cm, tdng chieu cao cua an la 7,3cm. Mat de due theo hinh vudng, 4 canh deu nhau cd 5,7 x 5.7cm.
Ria canh vanh ngoai mat de cd 0,7cm.
net vach khac bj md 1 chut d giira canh phia tren. Trong khudn dau khac 7 chii Han theo the Trien thu xep theo 3 hang dpc deu nhau tir tren xudng, tir trai qua phai. Hang thir nhat ed 2 chii, hang thir hai cd 2 chti' va hang thir ba khac 3 chii.
Hang 1 va hang 2 chu khac deu nhau theo khudn hinh chii nhat dimg, kich thude mdi chir la 2,1x1,35cm. Hang thir ba cd 3 chir khac deu nhau khudn hinh vudng kich thude moi chir la 1,35x1.35cm.
Mat tren num an phia ben phai cd 7 chii Han khic the Chan thu theo chieu dpc. Net khic dam. kieu chir dep. Phia ben phai ddng chii sat mep canh an nen mdt so ehu bj sirt me, ehu bj md khd dpc. Song quan sat xem xet ky, ddi chilu, chiing tdi da xac dinh dupe ca 7 chO'. Chir thir nhit d dung vao cho me gdc tren an nen chi cdn 'A chir vdi 3 chim vach nhd. Chir thir 2 bj me mdt nira vl ben phai, edn lai \e ben trai la bd Thuy ( /• ). chir thir 3 cdn nguyen ven tuy net ngang dudi kha md, xac djnh la chu Khdu ( o ) . Chir thir 4 bi mdn md \e phai, xac djnh la chir Tudn (i€). Chu thir 5 cung bj mdn md ve phai, xac djnh la chii Kidm (Ilk). ChOr thir 6 cdn nguyen.
xac djnh la chir Ty {S\). Chii thir 7 cudi cimg bj sirt md net ngoai ve phai, song van xac djnh dupe la chii An (^p).
Mat tren niim an phia ben trai la ddng ghi nien dai, dang tiec d day do bj viii lap, bao mdn theo ddng chay nhieu the ky nen chii bj md gan het. Sir dung cac loai kinh va cac phuang phap nghiep vy chuyen mdn trong xac djnh nien dai, qua nhiing net rat md cdn lai cua chii, chung tdi chi ed the doan djnh dupe ddng nien dai mdt each tuang ddi.
Mudn xac djnh nien dai tuong ddi ciia qua an nay bat budc phai hoan chinh tat ca cac mat trong nghien ciiu xem xet ky ludng in va Chan hda chii Trien mat dau. Mat dau cua an hinh vudng cd kich thude bang mat de an la 5,7x5,7cm.
Dudng vien quanh dau the hien ria canh kich thude 0.7cm. 7 chu Trien trong dau chia lam 3 hang dpc tir tren xudng dudi, tir phai qua trai"' 7 chii Trien trong dau dupe xac dinh la 7 chu Tam Giang Khdu Tudn kiim ty dn ( ^ ; x o i « ; | t s] ^P).
Day la in ciia Ty Tuan kiem viing Tam Giang Khau.
Trong nghien ciiu an chucmg, viec Chan hda chii Trien hay giai ma cac ky ty hinh ve trong diu la viec quan trpng dl giai quylt ndi dung van khac trong diu. Ddng thdi la viec ddi chieu vdi ddng chir Han khac tren mim an cd ndi dung tuang ty. Qua ndi dung cua con diu ciing se xac djnh dupe ca ban hoac tuong ddi nien dai ciia an mdt khi ddng nien dai bj sirt md hoac tham chi mat het chir. Ben canh cac tieu chi khac, ndi dung chii Trien trong dau duac eoi la tieu chi tien quylt chu yeu trong viec
TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 4 (113) - 2012 NGUYiN CdNG VI$T
xac djnh tinh chan nguy, gia trj cua hien vat an chuong.
Qua xem xet ky va ddi chieu vdi ndi dung chii Trien, da cd the xac djnh dupe chinh xac ddng chir Han khac tren niim in ve ben phai, nhat la ddi vdi nhung chii bj sirt md. Chir thil nhit dupe xac djnh la chir Tam ( i ) ; Chir thir 2 dupe xac djnh la chir Giang (jx); ChO thir 3 la dupe xac djnh diing la chir Khdu ( o ) ; Chit thii 4 la duac xac djnh la chii: Tudn (iiSi); Chii thir 5 xac djnh diing la chu Kiem (ifky, Chii thir 6 xac djnh dung la chii Ty (s]); Chii thil 7 dupe xac dinh dung la chii An (^p). Nhu vay ddng chii ben phai tren mim an la 7 chii Han Tam Giang Khdu Tudn kiem ty dn, triing lap vdi 7 chii Trien trong dau. Day la qua an dupe ghi rd ten ca quan, dja danh; Dd la dilm thuan Ipi trong viec xem xet ddi chieu xac djnh nien dai ciia an.
Trd lai ddng khac ghi nien dai phia ben trai tren mim an vdi cac chir bj md hin. Dilu hai la la mdt sd in ddng cd ma chiing tdi dupe biet deu cd tinh trang tuang ty it nhieu ve sy sirt md khd dpc chii' d ddng ghi nien dai. Ddi chieu vdi an ddng cd Mon hg sdnh dn thdi Tran Due Tdng chiing tdi thay cd diem gidng nhau ve van de nay. 0 an Mon hg sdnh tren mim phia ben phai khac bdn chii Mon hg sdnh dn va ta de dang xac djnh ca 4 chir nay. Phia ben trai khae ddng nien dai, song mdt sd chii nhat la 2 chii diu ghi nien hieu bj siit md rat khd dpc.
Sau khi nghien ciiu xem xet ky chiing tdi mdi xac dinh dupe dd la cac chir Long Khanh ngU nien ngii nguyet nhi thdp tam nhdt Igo}^^
Xem xet ddi chieu vdi mdt vai an ddng khac cd nien dai mudn hon ehiing tdi thay da sd ddng khac nien dai bj md hon ddng ben ghi ndi dung, hoac trpng lupng, hay ten ca quan tao an. O day cd le la van de net khac sau ndng, dam nhat kilu chu ciia 2 \e tren mat niim an khac nhau. Ddng khac ghi nien dai d qua an nay dupe khac net manh, chir ndng hon so vdi ddng khac ndi dung an. Qua nhiing net khac rat manh va md mdn cdn lai, bing viec sir dung ky thuat, kinh nghiem xac djnh van ty ghi nien hieu tren an, chiing tdi cho rang hai chu dau la 2 chii Dgi Khdnh {^^).
d ddng ghi nien dai nay, chir duy nhit cdn tuong ddi rd nam d vj tri cudi ddng la chir Nhdt ( 0 ), trude chii Nhgt chi thay mdt nOra chu- cd the la chii nhi ( O ? - Tdng sd ddng nien dai cd khoang 10 hoac 11 chu, deu la sd thir ty ghi nam, thang, ngay tao an. Nhiing chu cdn lai bj md hoan toan khdng the xac djnh dupe.
Nien hieu Dai Khanh -K^ la nien hieu trieu vua Tran Minh Tdng thdi Tran tdn tai tir nam 1314 den nam 1323. Tir nam 1324 den nam 1329 het trieu Tran Minh Tdng dupe ddi lam nien hieu Khai Thai. Viec xac dinh qua an ed nien dai thdi Tran la ed ea sd. Trude het la dja danh dupe ghi tren an, ddng thdi la ten ca quan, dupe khac ghi lien ddng ca tren mat an va d chii Trien mat dau. Chat lieu ciia in ddng nay vdi thye trang san siii, lo mpt, mau sic cung la nhung tieu chi
&h xac djnh vl nien dai. Ben canh dd la net khic chir Trien, khudn chir trong diu
VE CHIEC AN DONG TAM GIANG KHAU TUAN KIEM TYAN
ciing ddng van tu tren niim an ciing se cho ta them cac tieu chi xac djnh.
Trude het xin ndi ve dja danh Tam Giang Khau dupe khac ghi tren an. Tam Giang la dja danh hanh chinh Idn cap Ld cd tir dau thdi Tran. Cac bd chinh sir Idn cua ta nhu Khdm dinh Viet sit thong gidm cuang muc, Lich trieu hien chuong Iogi chi - phan Du dia chi, Dgi Viet sir ky loan thu deu ghi la Ly Cdng Uan chia nude lam 24 Id, song chi thay ghi dja danh ciia 12 Id. Cho den ddi Trin Thai Tdng mdi ddi 24 Id thdi Ly lam 12 Id, sach sii chi ghi ten cac Id la: Long Hung, An Khang, Thien Trudng, An Tiem, Bac Giang, Tam Giang, Tam Ddi, Qude Oai, Lang Giang, Son Nam, Khoai, Hdng, Diln, Trudng Yen. Chiic quan dimg dau mdi Id la chiic An phu sir cd chirc Phd sii phy giiip. Giai doan nay ca cau cap hanh chinh khac giai doan sau, dudi cap Lp la cap Chau dat chiic quan Thdng phan va Thiem phan cai quan. Cap huy?n thdi nay lai nam dudi cap Chau do chirc Lenh liy va Chu ba quan ly.
Lp Tam Giang thdi Tran quan ba Chau la Thao Giang, Tuyen Giang va Da Giang. Chau Thao Giang quan cac huy$n Ma Khe, Son Vi, Thanh Ba va Ha Hoa. Chau Tuyen Giang quan 3 huyen Tay Lan, Ddng Lan va Hd Nham. Chau Da Giang quan hai huyen Long Bat va Cd Ndng. Cac huyen nay chu yeu thude dja phan tran Son Tay giai doan sau.
Lp Tam Giang vdi danh xung dat nhu vay bdi nam quanh khu vyc ba con sdng Idn la sdng Hdng, sdng Ld va sdng Da. Ba ddng sdng nay hap luu d mpt diem la nga ba vdi khoang nude menh
mdng, diy chinh la Tam Giang Khiu.
Tam Giang Khau vdi vj the trpng yeu trong chien lupc quan sy, phdng thu, giao thuang budn ban, giao thdng qua lai ciia ca mdt khu vyc phia Tay Bic kinh thanh Thang Long'^*
Cudi thdi Tran theo ban chii sach Cuang miic thi nam Quang Thai thii 10 ddi Tran Thuan Tdng cac Id dupe ddi lam tran. Theo sach Thien hg qudn quoc thi cap phii ben canh cap tran ciing dupe dat vao cudi thdi Tran va thdi thude Minh cd sy thay ddi hanh chinh hop tach chau, huyen. Sang thdi Le so da cd thay ddi ve phan chia dat ten cap don vj hanh chinh. Ca nude duac chia lam nam dao la Nam dao, Bac dao, Ddng dao, Tay dao va Hai - Tay dao. Cac Id, tran, phii, chau, huyen deu le thude. Trieu Le Thanh Tdng nam Quang Thuan thir 10 (1466) dat 12 Thira tuyen tren pham vi toan qude edng vdi Trung dd kinh thanh cd phii Phyng Thien. 12 Thira tuyen gdm Kinh Bac, Son Tay, Son Nam, Hai Duong, An Bang, Ninh Sdc, Tuyen Quang, Lang Son, Hung Hda, Thanh Hda, Nghe An va Thuan Hda.
Nhu vay dja danh Tam Giang tir dau thdi Le sa trd ve sau khdng cdn tdn tai va d sir sach khdng cdn ghi. Xem xet ddi chieu cac chau, huyen cua Id Tam Giang ta van thay cdn nguyen da sd danh xung dupe le vao Thira tuyen San Tay va mdt phan nhd vao Thira tuyen Tuyen Quang.
Thira tuyen Son Tay thude Tay dao quan cac phii Tam Ddi, Thao Giang, Qude Oai, Doan Himg va Quang Oai.
Dudi cap phu la cap huyen va Thira tuyen San Tay quan tdng cdng 24 huyen. Phu
TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 4 (113)-2012 NGUYiN C6NG VI$T
Thao Giang (sau ddi lam phu Lam Thao) gdm cac huyen Son Vi, Hoa Khe, Thanh Ba, Ha Hoa. Ten 3 huyen Son Vi, Thanh Ba va Ha Hoa van giii nguyen nhu thdi Tran, cdn Hoa Khe chinh la huyen Ma Khe xua va den thdi Nguyen trieu Thieu Trj ddi gpi la Cam Khe''*'
Chau Tuyen Quang va huyen Hd Nham den thdi Le so khdng cdn thay ghi, song 2 huyen Ddng Lan va Tay Lan van tdn tai. Ten Ddng Lan cdn den ddi Canh Thdng (1498 1504) thi doi lam Ddng Quan, Tay Lan dupe ddi gpi la Tay Quan; Ca hai huyen nay deu thude vao phii Doan Himg. Huyen Hd Nham nim dudi luu vyc sdng Ld, mdt phan giap Ddng Lan; Sang thdi Le so sap nhap vao dja phan Tuyen Quang la huyen Yen Son thdi Nguyen sau nay.
Chau Da Giang thdi Le khdng edn thay ghi, song hai huyen Long Bat va Cd Ndng da dupe ddi ten gpi va vin giii' cap don vi hanh chinh. Huyen Long Bat nam d ta ngan sdng Da, ddi Le Quang Thuan ddi gpi la Bat Bat, le vao phu Da Duong, sang trieu VTnh Thjnh ddi thude vao phu Quang Oai. Huyen Cd Ndng nim d hiin ngan sdng Hdng tdn tai thdi Le sa, sau ddi lam huyen Tam Ndng trilu VTnh Thjnh (1705 1720). Trong tat ca khu vuc hanh chinh ke tren, tinh tir thdi Le sa chiing tdi khdng tim thay dja danh Tam Giang hay Tam Giang Khau ghi trong mdt sach sir nao. Tra cuu sy thay ddi cac dja danh hanh chinh tren de khang djnh rd them cho dja danh Tam Giang, Tam Giang Khau khdng cdn tdn tai tir thdi Le sa trd ve sau.
Trd lai ba chflr Tudn kiem ty dupe khae ghi tren an, day la ten ca quan nam trong he thdng hanh chinh dia phuong. O Trung Qude da cd tir thdi Ngii dai, trieu dinh lap Tuan kiem d Kinh su va cac trpng tran bien thiiy. Kinh su dat chiic Dd Tuan kiem ha\ Dd Tuan kiem sii, ben ngoai gpi la Tuan kiem hoac Tuan kiem sir. Chii su dimg khi chiic nay do quan Kham sai, Kham phai kiem quan, chirc nay thudng dat kiem nhiem chua chinh chirc. Den thdi Bac Tdng, Tuan kiem mdi dupe eoi la quan chinh ngach dat d cac Id, chau. huyen Idn cd diem trpng yeu gill viec tuan sat an ninh tilu trir giae gia.
Co quan gpi la Tuan kiem ty, quan cd vai tram ngudi, vai huyen hoac cap chau xung yeu mdi dupe dat chirc Tuan kiem, hay Tuan Kiem sir. Cap Id dat Dd Tuan kiem hoac Dd Tuan kiem sir, cd cac thude tudng va quan ddng hon cap chau, huyen. O Ld hoae Chau Idn ddi khi Tuan kiem do chirc quan hanh chinh kiem quan. Viing duyen hai va cac cira sdng Idn trpng yeu ciing dupe dat Tuan kiem.
Nude ta thdi Ly Tran he thdng hanh chinh dja phuang thiet lap theo md hinh Bac Tdng. Ty Tuan kiem cung dupe dat d mdt sd cira ai, cira sdng quan trpng xung yeu. Tam Giang Khau la nai hpp Iuu ciia ba con sdng Idn ciia nude ta la sdng Hdng sdng Ld va sdng Da. Day la cira sdng rdng Idn quan yeu nhat bay gid cd vi the chien lupc phdng thu va giao thdng, budn ban cua cua ngd kinh thanh Thang Long. Tam Giang Khau d day thude cip Ld thiet lap Ty Tuan kiem do chirc Dd Tuan kiem quan ITnh. Chirc nay cd thi do mdt vien tudng hoac do chiic quan hanh chinh cap Id Tam Giang kiem quan. Tuin kiem Ty cd an tin va quyin han rieng biet theo quy che ciia
VE CHIEC AN DONG TAM GIANG KHAU TUAN KIEM TYAN .
trieu dinh. Chirc Tuin kiem chi tdn tai tdi dau thdi Le sa, sau khdng thay ghi;
Cd le cac trieu vua sau theo phep dat quan chiic nha Thanh bd khdng dimg.
An Tam Giang Khdu Tudn kiem ty dn la an tin cua chiic Dd Tuan kiem quan ITnh Tam Giang Khau Id Tam Giang. Vdi trpng lupng the tich, kfch thude cac ddng chir Chan va chu: Trien mat de da khang djnh day la an tin eiia chiic quan khdng nhd thdi Tran. Viec xac djnh dia danh Tam Giang va ten ea quan Ty Tuan kiem ciing chirc quan tuong iing tir ndi dung van khac tren an da khang djnh rd them nien dai thdi Tran cua qua an.
Ve nien hieu Dai Khanh (1314 1329) dupe khic tren an vdi net khic rit md. So sanh ddi chieu vdi ten nien hieu ciia mdt sd trieu vua thdi Tran trude va sau do se giiip cho viec xac djnh nien dai nay dupe rd hon. Trude Dai Khanh la cac nien hieu Kien Trung (iti*) Nguyen Phong ( 7 t ^ ) , Thieu Long (mfk), Bao Phil ( f # ) , Thieu Bao (,*gf). Hung Long (^1^). Sau Dai Khanh la cac nien hi?u BChai Thai (f^dl Khai Hyu (B3#), Thieu Phong (,«g®), Dai Trj (^i^), Dai Djnh i^!^), Thieu Khanh (,«3>t). Long Khanh (ft^), Xuang Phii ( g ^f^), Quang Thai i)t$-). Kiln Tan ( ^ ^ ) . Rdi tinh den ca nha Hd vdi cac nien hieu Thanh Nguyen (SiL). Thieu Thanh (.«S^), Khai Dai (?^^). Nha Hau Trin la Hung Khanh ( ^ / t ) , Trting Quang (t^)- Chiing tdi thay ty dang cua cac nien hieu tren khdng phii hop vdi net chii tren in.
Doi chieu lich sir ve viec diic ddng thdi Tran qua cd tien va mdt vai loai hinh chit lieu ddng khac. Chung tdi thay trude nien hieu Dai Khanh la ba
trieu vua Trin Thanh Tdng, Trin Nhan Tdng va Tran Anh Tdng, hon nira thi ki nha Tran ehuan bi va thye hien ba cudc dai chien chdng quan xam lupc Nguyen Mdng. Kinh thanh Thang Long va nhieu noi da bj quan Nguyen cudp pha, lai cdn nan giae gia, khdi nghTa ndng dan lien mien. Kim loai nguyen lieu ddng chii yeu danh phuc vu cho quan sy diic vii khi, ngay ca viec diic tien ciing khdng thye hien ehua ke den viec due cac loai khac.
Den trieu Tran Minh Tdng, nien hieu Dai Khanh nhirng nam dau, nguyen lieu ddng da can kiet, phai den nam thir 10 (1323) mdi cho diic tien kem. Todn thu ghi trieu Tran Minh Tdng "Nam Dai Khanh thii 10... miia ddng thang 11 diic tien kem"''' May nam sau kinh te phuc hdi, trieu dinh mdi bd due tien chi cho due tien ddng Khai Thai Nguyen Bao, tir day ve sau viec due tien ddng va dd ddng da trd lai hoan bj va phong phii han trude.
Ve chat lieu cua an Tam Giang khdu tudn kiem ty dn vdi mau xam xin den khac vdi chat ddng cua nhieu an khac. Qua an nay dupe diic trong thdi gian nguyen lieu ddng khan hiem nen kha nang dupe pha them chi hoac kim loai khae, cdng vdi thdi gian bj viii lap do dd an cd mau khac han. "Y nghTa nay them cii lieu cho viec xac djnh nien dai cua an vao nam Dai Khanh (1314-1323) la cdcasd.
Qua an ddng Tam Giang khdu tudn kiem ty dn hien nay dupe eoi la an hanh chinh cd nhat d nude ta ben canh Mon hg sdnh dn ddi Trin Due Tdng cd nien dai nam 1377. Qua edng tac khao sat, nghien curu giam dinh an tin cd nien dai
TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 4 (113) - 2012 NGUYiN CdNG VI$T
sdm d cac ca quan van hda va mdt sd nha suu tim cd vat tir Bac vao Nam, chung tdi van chua tim thay them mdt an hanh chinh nao mang nien dai thdi Tran. Ddng thdi cho den nay cung chua cd mdt cdng bd nao ve hien vat an hanh chinh d nude ta cd nien dai tuang duang hai qua an thdi Tran ma chung tdi da gidi thieu.
Khi cdng trinh An chuong Viet Nam tit thi ky XV din cudi thi ky XIX xuit ban, chiing tdi da rat mong mudn cd nhiing bai viet va cdng trinh ke tiep. Hy vpng chiing ta se tiep tuc tim ra nhirng an tin gia tri cd nien dai tir thdi Ly Tran den giai doan Le - Trinh va thdi Nguyen, gdp phan bd sung hoan thien cho an chuong Viet Nam ndi rieng va kho tang di san van hda dan tdc ndi chung.
N.C.V
Chu thieh:
(1) Neu tinh theo mat van khic nguac tir mat de an thi chCr x6p theo thir ty 3 hang dpc tir tren xuong duai, tir trai qua phai.
(2) Xem An chuong Viet Nam tir the ky XV din cuoi the ky XIX - N guyen Cong Vift, Nxb. KHXH, H. 2005, tr.n4.
(3) Tam Giang Khau nay thuoc khu virc Bach Hac - Viet Tri, tinh Phii Thp.
(4) Ha Hoa, Hoa Khe la ten dja danh co, den thdi Nguyen nam Thieu Tri thir 1 (1841) theo lenh kieng hiiy lan thir 2 (Ngy hiiy Hoang to Ho Thj Hoa), thi Ha Hoa doi la Ha Hoa, Hoa Khe doi la Cam Khe.
(5) Dgi Vi?! sir ky loan thu - ki nha Trdn, T.II. Nxb. KHXH, H. 1993, tr.l09./.
Anh an: