Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
NGHIEN CUfU CHE TAO VA AP DUNG KIP NO VI SAI PHI DIEN AN TOAN
trong san xuat t h a n ham 16 t a i V i e t ]\ani
In recent years, mechanized mining and drifting methods have been applied to underground coal mines in Quang Ninh area. However, drilling and blasting method using safe electrical delay detonators is the main one for breaking rock and coal. For increasing safety and coal productivity, it is necessary to manufacture and apply the safe non
electrical delay detonators to Vietnam underground coal mining activity
PGS. TS. PHUNG MANH DAC Tap doan CN Than - Khoang san Viet Nam
KS.NHUf VIET TUAN KS. TRAN MINH TIEN
Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo - Vinacomin KS. HOANG TRONG KHIEM KS. N G U Y I N TRi DUNG
Cong ty TNHHMTVHoa chat 21-Bd Quoc phdng
Trong nhOmg nam qua, cac md than ham Id vung Quang Ninh da bade dau ap dung cd gidi hda trong khai thac va dao Id. Tuy nhien, khoan nd min van la phaong phap chfnh de pha v3 than, da. Cdng nghe khoan nd min ap dung tai cac md ham Id vung Quang Ninh chCi yeu sCr dgng kfp vi sal dien an toan loai KVO-80 de kfch nd thudc nd an toan AH1, thudc nd nhu taong dung cho Id than hoac sCr dgng kfp vi sai dien loai KVD-8N de kfch nd thudc nd nhu taong dung cho Id da P113. Dac tfnh ky thuat cua cac loai kfp tren gidi thieu tren bang 1.
Trong cdng nghe tren, cdng tac nap min thac hien bang thCi cdng, dau ndi mang nd theo cac sd do ndi tiep, song song hoac hdn hdp.
Trinh ta nd la vi sai theo hang khi nd min khai thac va vi sai tang nhdm Id min khi nd min dao Id. Trong khai thac, thadng sCr dgng ta 1 ^ 3 sd vi sai, trong dao Id thadng sCr dung ta 2 ^ 6 sd vi sai. Qua theo ddi cdng nghe no min bang kfp vi sai dien tai cac md ham Id cho thay, phUdng phap nay cd mpt sd nhapc diem nha tien dp nd ngan (< 3m);
dau ndi mang nd phCfc tap, d l bd sdt Id min; dp ben day dan dien cua kfp thap, nen hay xay ra hien tadng dCft day, dan den sa cd min cam, quy md bai min nhd, khi sd ladng id min tren gadng Idn thadng phai chia lam hai ddt nd; thdi gian dau ndi mang nd lau. NhOfng nhadc diem tren da anh hadng den tdc dp, hieu qua trong dao Id da. Trong khai thac via ddc, do chieu dai cua cac id min ha tran han che nen chieu cao phan tang trong cac sd dd cdng nghe khai thac Idp ngang nghieng, pha nd phan tang thadng chi dat 8 H- 10 m, lam tang chi phf met Id chuan bj, nang suat lao ddng va san ladng khai thac tha'p.
Hien nay, cac md than Id thien tai Viet Nam va tren the gidi dang ap dgng rpng rai cdng nghe nd min sCf dgng kfp vi sai phi dien vdi nhieu LAJ diem nha: giam thieu tac ddng mdi tradng do chan ddng, khoang each da vang va dp dn; dp an toan va dp tin cay cao do kfp nd phi dien khdng chiu tac ddng cua ddng dien tap, ddng cam Cmg, sdng dien ta; tao daoc nhieu sd do nd vdi cac cap vi sai khac nhau de dang va thuan Idi; nang
cao dadc san ladng khai thac;
giam chi phf xCf ly da qua cd sau nd min; nang cao nang suat may xuc bdc. Kfp vi sai phi dien dadc sCr dung tai cac md Id thien Viet Nam chu yeu la loai KVP-8N"(hinh 1).
Hinh 1. Kip vi sai phi dien KVP- 8N sCrdung rong rai tai cac mo
16 thien
Oac tfnh ky thuat cua kfp vi sai phi dien KVP-8N dap'c gidithieu tren bang 2.
Mpt sd nadc cd nen cdng nghiep khai thac than phat trien da nghien cCru, che tao kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan ve khf va sCf dung trong san xuat than ham Id. Ba Lan va Slovakia da ap dung sd do cdng nghe khai thac chia Idp bang. Id dpc via phan tang, nd min trong id khoan dai sCf dgng kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan ap dung cho dieu kien via day, ddc. Trong cac sd do cdng nghe nay, chieu cao phan tang len den 30 m, nap
KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM L 6
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
min bang thu cdng hoac bang may (sCr dung khf nen). Viec nang chieu cao phan tang len 2,5 H- 3,0 lan da gdp phan nang cao hieu qua va an toan trong khai thac via day ddc nhd giam chi phf met Id chuan bj (ta 2 ^ 3 lan), giam chi phf bao ve, chdng xen Id chuan bj, nang cao nang suat lao dpng. Vdi cac dieu kien dja chat ky thuat cho phep, mpt sd nadc nha Thuy Dien, CH Sec, Ao da SLf dung kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan de dao cac dadng Id trong da tai cac md cd khf va bgi nd. Trong tradng hdp nay, kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan thadng dadc SLf dung vdi Id khoan sau, tien dp nd Idn (> 3 m), thudc nd cd sac cdng pha Idn va da gdp phan nang cao tdc dp dao Id va an toan lao ddng.
De giai quyet nhufng khd khan, tdn tai cCia cdng nghe nd min tai cac md ham Id Quang Ninh, nam 2010, Bd Cdng Thaong da giao cho Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md thac hien de tai: "Nghien cCfu ap dgng cdng nghe khai thac va dao Id sCf dung kfp vi sai phi dien phdng nd che tao trong nadc". Muc tieu chfnh cua de tai la nghien cCru san xuat kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan tai cac nha may hda chat trong nadc va de xuat, xay dung dUde cac sd do cdng nghe, hd chieu trong dao Id va khai thac sCf dung loai kfp tren nham nang cao hieu qua, an toan san xuat.
Tren cd sd kinh nghiem cua nadc ngoai va kinh nghiem nghien cCfu, che tao kip nd vi sai phi dien sCf dgng
Bang 1 - Dac tinh ky thuat cua cac loai kip vi sai
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Thong sd ky thuat Cadng dp nd Dien trd
D6ng dien an toan D6ng dien gay nd Dadng kfnh kfp nd Chieu dai kfp nd Chieu dai day dan Sd vi sai
Thdi gian vi sai Vat lieu lam vd kfp Thdi han sCfdung
Ddn vj tfnh '
-
n
A A mm mm m
- Miligiay
- thang
dien Tri so' KVD-8D
Sd8 2 ^ 3 , 2
0,18 1,2 7,3 58 2 6 s d 2 5 ^ 1 5 0
Ddng 24
KVD-8N Sd8 2-^3,2
0,18 1,2 7,3 58 2 8 s d 0 ^ 2 5 0
Nhdm 24
Bang 2 - Dac tinh ky thuat cua kip vi sai phi dien KVP-8N
TT1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Thong sd ky thuat CLTdng dp no
Sd vl sal
DLfdng kfnh ngoai Chieu dai v6 kfp - Loai tieu chuan - Loai dac biet Vat lieu lam v6 kfp Kha nang chju ni/6c
Dp ben cCia mdi ghep mieng kfp Dadng kfnh ngoai cOa day nd Chieu dai day nd
Tdc dp truyen nd cua day nd Dp ben cua day nd
Ddn vj - mm mm
- - - gid
N mm
m m/giay
N
Trj sd sda 30 so
7,3 62, 65, 70
62,65 nhom 24 20 3 3; 6; 9... 24
2000 180
Thuoc gai nd
Azotua chi' PVA Thuoc chay cham Mo'c J
Hinh 2. Cau tao kip vi sai cho cac md Id thien, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin da phdi hdp vdi Cdng ty TNHH MTV Hda chat 21 (Nha may Z121) - Bd Qudc Phdng nghien cCru, che tao daoc kfp vi sai phi dien an toan (cau tao kfp the hien tren
hinh 2, dac tfnh ky thuat cua kfp nd gidi thieu trong bang 3).
phi dien an toan ham Id
Cac san pham kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan ham Id che tao thCr da dadc kiem tra tai Nha may Z121 va nd thCr nghiem trong mdi tradng cd khf nd tai phdng thf nghiem cua Trung tam An toan Md - Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin de kiem tra kha nang chay nd.
KHCNM S 6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Phaong phap no thCf chuan cCia Ba Lan PN-92/C- nghiem dadc chpn xay dung 86015 "ThCr nghiem dp an tren cd sd mpt sd tieu chuan toan cua thudc nd ddi vdi khf cua nadc ngoai nha: Tieu metan"; Tieu chuan cdng
Bang 3 - Dac tinh ky thuat cua TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Thong sd ky thuat DLfdng kfnh danh nghTa day din tfn hieu nd
Tdc do dan tfn hieu nd Do ben keo cCia day dan tfn hieu nd
Chieu dai day din tfn hieu no
Mau sac day din tfn hieu nd Mau sac nhan kfp va moc chiirJ
Vat lieu lam v6 kfp Chieu dai v6 kfp
Dudng kfnh ngoai cCia kfp Cudng dp no cCia kfp
Do ben mdi ghep mieng cOa kfp
Kha nSng chju nude cCia kfp Sd kfp vi sai
Thdi gian vi sai
kip vi sai phi dien an toan Ddn
vi tinh mm m/giay
KG m
- - - mm mm
- KG gid
- Mill giay
Trj sd 3,0
>1700
>25 2^300
- - - 52+62 max 7,1
sd8 2,0
8 10 25 + 400
Ghichu
Theo y/cau Do Da cam dong Mo
Bang 4 - Chi tieu kinh teky thuat
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ten chi tieu Chieu day via trung binh Gdc ddc via trung binh
Chieu cao phan tang khai thac San lapng than khai thac hai phan tang ddng thdi)
Cong suat khai thac (hai phan tang khai thac ddng thoi)
Nang suat lao dpng c6ng nhan 16 cho
Chi phf thudc nd cho 1000 tan than Chi phf kfp nd cho 1000 tan than
Chi phf met 16 chuan bj cho 1000 tan than
Chi phf met khoan cho 1000 tan than
Tdn tha't than theo c6ng nghe
Ddn vj tinh '
m d6
in
T/thang T/nam T/c6ng
kg kfp m m
%
So lifdng 6,2
52 15 13.200 120.000
5,6 58,2
145 15 620
30
nghiep cua Nhat Ban,^ JIS K4821-1971 ve kfp no an toan, v.v. Trong thang 3 va thang 6 nam 2010, cd 60 chiec kfp vi sai phi dien an toan cCia Nha may Z121 da daoc nd thCf nghiem trong budng nd kfn cd ham ladng khf metan 9 ± 0,3% va da cho ket qua kha quan, tat ca cac kfp nd thCf nghiem khdng gay chay, nd, khdng phat tia iCfa ra ngoai mdi tradng. Ta cac ket qua dat dadc, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md va Nha may Z121 da bao cao Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam (Vinacomin) va de nghj Bd Cdng Thaong phe duyet "Phadng phap thCf nghiem danh gia kha nang an toan cua kfp nd phi dien dung trong md ham Id cd khf me tan", tao cd sd de cho phep kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan, dadc nghien cCru va che tao theo ket qua nghien cCfu cCia de tai, sCf dgng trong san xuat than ham Id tai Viet Nam.
Song song vdi qua trinh nghien cCfu che tao kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan, de tai da nghien cCfu va de xuat cac sd do cdng nghe trong khai thac via ddc, cd ha tran than ndc va sd do cdng nghe dao Id da SLf dung kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan.
Ta ket qua nghien cCiU cCia de tai, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md da phdi hdp vdi Cdng ty than Ha Long trien khai nghien cOu, thiet ke sd dd cdng nghe khai thac Id dpc via phan tang, nd min trong cac id khoan dai, chdng giur gadng khai thac bang dan chdng td hanh ap dung cho cac via day, ddc tai Xf nghiep than Ha Rang, da kien ap dgng trong khoang
KHCNM SO 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
t i
JL-^^"lr'!r^-
^ ^
Ddy din b'n hi^u n6 tit mang 16 min ddi Kfp phi di&i
HCIpdSunfiphilngnj
a. Hd chieu khoan no min b. Sa do dau noi mang no Hinh 3. Hg chieu khoan ndmin ha tran trong cac Id khoan dai dau quy II nam 2011 (hd chieu
khoan nd min khai thac md ta tren hinh 3; cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cd ban cua cdng nghe gidi thieu tren bang 4).
Ket qua tfnh toan tren cho thay, nhd nang cao chieu cao phan tang khai thac, nen cac chi tieu nha san ladng khai thac, nang suat lao ddng tang (khoang 1,5 lan); chi phf met Id chuan bj giam (khoang 1,5 lan); cac chi phf khac (thudc nd, dau nhu hda, kfp) khdng tang so vdi cdng nghe hien dang ap dgng. Sau giai doan thCr nghiem, cd the xem xet tiep tuc nang cao hdn nOra chieu cao phan tang khai thac (den 20 m hoac hdn), khi dd hieu qua cCia cdng nghe se tiep tuc dadc nang cao.
CGng ta ket qua nghien cCru cua de tai, nam 2010 Vien KHCN Md da de xuat, thiet ke ap dgng cdng nghe dao Id da SLf dung kfp nd vi sai phi dien an toan ham Id. Do tien dp che tao kfp nd vi sai phi dien
an toan trong nadc cham, nen Vien KHCN Md cung vdi cac md da xin phep va dadc sa chap thuan cua Cgc An toan - Bd Cdng Thadng cho phep ap dgng cdng nghe dao Id da ap dung kfp nd vi sai phi dien sCf dung cho cac md Id thien (kfp dien KVD-8N) cho cac doan Id da khdng cd khf metan. Cdng nghe dao Id da sCf dung kfp vi sai phi dien dadc thac hien gidng nha cdng nghe sCf dgng kfp vi sai dien, chi khac ve sd dd da'u ndi mang nd, phg kien nd, may nd min (sd do mang nd dac trung daoc md ta tren hinh 4).
Theo tdng hdp va danh gia, cdng nghe dao Id da nd min SLf dgng kfp vi sai phi dien tai cac md ham Id Quang Ninh (Quang Hanh, Nam M i u , Ddng Vdng, Hdn Gai, Ddng Bac, v.v) cho ket qua rat kha quan:
- Tdc dp dao Id dat 60m H-
65m/thang, tang 10m ^ 15 met/thang; nang suat lao ddng
dat 0,06 ^ 0,08 m/cdng.kfp;
cac chi tieu khac nha chi phf kfp nd, thudc nd gan nha khdng thay ddi so vdi cdng nghe da ap dgng trade day tai md. Tdc dp dao Id tang nhd thdi gian dau ndi mang nd giam, rut ngan thdi gian thi cdng, daa cac khu khai thac, md mdi sdm di vao hoat ddng.
- He sd SLf dung id min dat ta 90% ^ 95%, \^ le da qua cd cdn 5%, \.^ le da cd cd hat ta 100mm ^ 360mm dat 20% ^ 25%, ty le da cd cd hat nhd hdn 100 mm dat 70% ^ 75%.
Cha't ladng pha vd dat da tdt, gdp phan nang cao nang suat xuc bdc, van tai.
- Cac hien tddng nha dCft day, min cam dddc loai bd hoan toan, sd do dau ndi mang nd ddn gian, thao tac dau ndi nhanh, kiem tra dd dang bang mat thadng, thdi gian dau ndi mang nd giam 60% -r 70% so vdi sCf dung kfp dien, mCrc dp an toan va dieu kien lam viec cCia ngadi lao ddng dadc cai thien.
(Tiep theo d trang 30) KHCNM s o 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO