CHUYEN MUC
VAN HOC - NGON NGCf HOC - NGHieN Cl>U VAN H 6 A NGHE THUAT
GIA TR! T H A M WIY C O A TU LAY
TRONG TRUYEN THI^U NHI NGUYfiN HUYTUdNG
LE NHAT K V
Trong truyen viet cho thiiu nhi, Nguyen Huy Twang sir dung nhieu tir iiy doi, phu hap vai kha nang tiep nhan ciia ban dpc nho tuoi. Diu an sing tao ciia nhi van dwac the hien qua viec kien tao mot so tir lay tw, hoac a cich kit hgp vai nhu'ng tir ngQ khac. TCr Iiy lim cho ngi dung mieu ti tra thanh mpt lap van ca bin trong tic phim cija Nguyen Huy Twang. Nha vay, hien thwc dai song lao dgng vi chien diu cua cha ong xwa da dwac tii hien mot each cu the, sinh d$ng trong nhu'ng cau van giau hinh twang va bieu cam.
TCr khoa: Nguyin Huy Tudng, tir lay, truyen thilu nhi, mieu ta, bllu cam Nhan bai ngay: 12/12/2018; dwa vao bien tap: 1/1/2019; phan bien: 5/3/2019; duy$t dang: 31/7/2019
1. BAC B\tM HE T H 6 N G TlJ' L A Y mieu ta ciia minh de cho no dugc TRONG TRUYEN THI^U NHI NGUYEN hien thj nhu nhu'ng thy(yc phim dien HUY TLCdNG anh" (Le Huy Anh, 2001: 304). Co t h i Truyen v i l t cho thilu nhi la mpt thanh "6i. chii dich ml§u ta ndl tren da ma tyu quan trpng cua Nguyin Huy dydng cho tir lay tham nhap vao Tuang (1912 - 1960). Vgi nhom tae '™y?" * i l u nhi cua tac gia mpt each pham nay, nha van mong m u l n dem thudng xuyen tgo nen phong each den cho cae em nhu'ng trang v i l t h i p '^^V^" * ' * " "*^'' ^ 9 " ^ ^ " " " ^ ''""'""a- d i n , cu t h i v i lich sir oai hiing cua Q " ^ " ^ " 9 sang tac, nha van da khong cha ong qua hang ngan nam dung "9Crng phat huy t i i da nguon Me tir nude va giu nuac. VI t h i , ong "da '"P ' ^ . "^^' ^'"'^" "^^^ ' f P'"^"' ^'^
khong t i l e cdng van dung kha nang " ^ " ' ' ° ' " ^ f <^"' ' ^ " ^ ^ '
" • ^ » ngon tir tinh t l .
Qua 10 truypn n g i n tieu bieu ciia nha 'TrudngBai hpo Quy Nhan. vin Nguyen Huy Tuang (2013),
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s i 6 (250) 2019 Chung toi t i n g hgp dugc t i n g cdng 739 tir lay, 1.225 lugt dung, cu the nhu sau:
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tap phlm Co be gan da Chiic binh chwng Truyen Tim Cim Tim me Thing Quiy Con Coc la cau ong G/OT
Con chlm Tri long tring
An Dwang Vwong xiy thanh 6c Hai ban tay chien si Ke chuyen Quang Trung
S i t u ' lay 143 62 99 49 76 69 19 86 116 303 Ting cong
S i luat diing
151 96 114 61 87 88 20 108 133 357 1.225 Thing ke cho thIy, tir lay dugc diing d m i l tac pham it nhilu ed khdc nhau.
Dieu nay tuy thupc vap dung lugng hien thye ma nha van mong m u l n the hien. Vi nhu truyen Con chlm Tn long tring, Nguyin Huy Tuang chi tap trung vao npi dung chuyen con chlm Tri "nhd nude da bd canh tuylt ciia phuang Bac bay ve phugng Nam vdi nang vang rue ra". Npi dung ngan gpn, dugc d i l n ta trong khoang 800 chu' nen s i lugng tu' lay dung kha khiem t i n (19 tir, 20 lugt diing). Trong khi dd, g Ke chuyen Quang Trung, nhd van huy dpng tdi g i n 14.000 ehu' d l tai hien ca mpt cupc chien ehing ngoai xam phuang B l e , b i t dau tir canh
doan quan ao vai hanh quan t h i n t i e tir Phu Xuan ra Thang Long cho d i n cae tran danh d Ngpe H i i , Ha H i l . . . Theo do, s i luang tir lay dugc khai thae nhiiu nhlt, g l p nhilu l l n so vdi 9 tac pham cua ong da dugc thing ke:
303 tir lay, 357 lugt diing.
Dac d i l m n i i bat ciia he thing tir lay trong truyen thilu nhi Nguyin Huy Tudng la s u sang rd v l y nghTa, khong c l u ky ve hinh thirc nhu v l n thudng gap trong tha van danh cho cac d i i tugng dpc gia khac. Dd la k i t qua lua chpn ciia Nguyin Huy Tudng tir nguin tir vung p h i b i l n sao cho vira dat dugc yeu d u mieu ta, vira phii hgp vgi d i i tuang ban dpc thilu nhi.
D l u I n sang tac ciia nhd van dugc t h i hien d edeh d i l u p h i i , k i t hgp tir ngir vdi hai b l l u hien eg ban sau day:
Thir nhat, k i t hgp tir lay vdi tir lay, kieu nhu: hai hiing ngim ngyt, hoang mang khung khilp, hoan hd vui ve (Ke chuyen Quang Trung), nhe nhang uyen chuyen (Chiic binh chwng), um tiim lanh leo (An Dwang Vwang xay thinh Oc)... Trong trudng hgp nay, cac tir lay dugc dat canh nhau va khong bj phan each bdi d l u phay. K i t qua, chung lap thanh mpt to hgp ngon ngtr "lam thgi" ed ddng d i p ciJa tir lay tu. Nguyen Huy Tudng da thuc hien each to hgp nay tdi 26 lan, lam gia tang dang ke kha nang mieu ta va b i l u cam ciia tu' lay.
- Thir hai, k i t hap tir lay vdi mpt s i tir ngu' khac v i n it gap treng giap t i l p thudng ngay cung nhu trang sang tac
LE NHAT KY - GlA TR! THAM MY CDA Til LAY TRONG TRUYgN...
van chuang. Cy t h i nhu nhCrng trudng hgp sau: nhai gau gau (Co be gan c/9), khde nhlch nhac (Con Coc Ii cau ong Giai), d l t quay quIy (Hai bin tay chien si), dd ngdu ngau, udt luit tuit, chay thang lang (Ke chuyen Quang Trung)...
NhO'ng k i t hgp cd p h l n tao bao a tren khong vl pham quy chuIn v i su trong sdng cua t i l n g Viet, tao duac I n tugng manh cho ngugi dpc v i phuang dien ngon ngu' tac pham. Dd chinh la s y sang tao ngon ngir eiia Nguyen Huy Tudng.
2. GIA TR! T H A M M Y C O A TLf LAY TRONG TRUYEN THIfiU NHI N G U Y S N HUY TU'6'NG
2.1. Gia trj mieu ta
Nhu da noi, chu trpng mieu ta la phong each nghe thuat cua nha van Nguyin Huy Tudng khi tai hien t h i gidi c i tich va Ijch sir cho thilu nhi.
X u l t phat tir dae diem t l l p nhan cua ban dpc thilu nhi, Nguyin Huy Tudng da chpn 111 van mieu ta n g i n gpn, dii d l cdc em ghi nhd v i dae d i l m dien mac va pham c h i t ciia d i i tugng. C i nhien, nha van se phai sir dung nhilu loai tir khac nhau vao viec phye vy yeu d u mieu ta. Rieng vdi tir lay, khong the phu nhan nd cd uu t h i vugt trpl khi giiip nhd van cham khac d i i tuang mot each sac net, hleu qua.
Khong phai ngau nhien ma trong truyen t h i l u nhi Nguyin Huy Tudng, chiing ta b i t gap nhiiu cau, doan van cd mat dp tir lay ddy dac. Dan cir:
"Mat Giang dang do rue nhu lira, bong m d m d di, sang nhat nhat, diu
dang, mat me, h i l n lanh" (Thing Quiy);
"Hai ban tay bi d i t quIy q u i y . Anh thit len. Hai ham rang anh nghlin lai. Thjt anh bat d l u chdy xeo xeo, khet khet nhu miii sde vat bj thui" (Hai ban tay chien si);
"Nhung d u a l khe sau, ngudi b i keu the tham: Chua lang g i l t tdi r i l l Va Id ru'ng ri rao: Chua lang gilt ngudil Niii thi t h l m : Chua lang g i l t ngudil Khe sau roc rdch: Chua lang g i l t ngudi!"
(Tim me).
Mieu ta dugc Nguyin Huy Tudng thye hien thugng xuyen trong mpi tae pham v i l t cho t h i l u nhi. Nhg vay, truyen t h i l u nhi Nguyin Huy Tugng tao dugc khoang edeh nghe thuat c l n thiet so vgi truyen k l dan gian v i n bj phuang thire truyin mleng ehl p h i i nen c h i p nhan dirng lai d mirc dp t r l n thuat khdi quat. Ndl each khac, truyen t h i l u nhi Nguyin Huy Tudng dugc v i l t theo phong each t y s y hien dai, danh cho cac dpc gia cd dii kha nang t i l p xuc trye t i l p vdi tdc pham.
Vdi nhtrng y l u to ngoai c i t truyen, nha van, dae biet chii y phat triln, gia tang mieu ta thien nhien, mieu ta ngoai hinh va ddi s i n g tam ly nhan vat...
Trong di san truyen thieu nhi ciia Nguyin Huy Tudng, cd nam tac pham duac ong sang tdc theo each thu'c vilt lai truyen c i dan gian. Do la eac truyen: Chiic binh chwng, Tim mg.
Con Coc Ii cau ong Gidi, Truyen Tim Cim va An Dwang Vwang xiy thinh 6c. Theo Nguyen Thj H u l , truypn
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 6 (250) 2019 Nguyen Huy Tuang "dugc v i l t ra tir nguon truypn ke dan gian nhung [...]
da dugc ong dem them vdo dd luing khong khi mgi ciia van chuang va cua t u tudng thai dai, tao nen nhOng tac pham cd sire hap d i n d i i vdi mpi d i i tugng ban dpc" (Nguyin Thj H u l 2014). Ldm nen "sire h i p d i n " dd, khong t h i phii nhan vai trd ciia cde tir lay da dugc Nguyin Huy Tudng sir dyng trong tac pham cOa minh.
L l y vl du truypn Con Cdc Ii cau ong Gidi. Trong truyen ndy, Nguyin Huy Tudng sir dyng t i n g eong 69 tir lay vdi 88 lugt diing. Ngay tir d l u tdc pham, d l u I n mieu ta cua ngdi but Nguyen Huy Tugng bpc Id rd qua viec k l v l canh hgn han: "Ngay xira ngay xua, thud l y t h i gian chua ed ngudi, mdi chi ed cay ed, chlm mudng va cae giing thu. Cay ed dang xanh, chlm choc dang bay lugn, I c h nhai dang nhay nhdt, thd dir dang nghiu nghen di tii'ng dan tirng 10, thi Gidi ra tai mpt can han han chua tu'ng cd bao gid.
Can han hdn l y keo h i t thang nay d i n thang khac. Tren khong, luc nao cung chi thay mat gidi dd rye nhu eye than h i n g , chay rirng rue, rirng rue.
Qua d l t ngay cung nhu dem phirng phirng lira. Ao chudm song ngdi b i n g can kho. Cay cd dang xanh b i n g chay tryi. 6ch nhdi dang nhay nhdt b i n g c h i t khd trong ao. Thii du' dang n g h l u nghen di tirng dan tirng IQ bong n l m lan ca trong rirng trong nul". O i i c h i l u vdi doan van tuang t y sau day trong truypn k l dan gian Cdc kien Tri/i: "Nhung da ba nam nay.
khong cd mpt gipt mua ndo. Khlp nai d l t dai nirt ne, cay cd khdt nude chit rui, eac eon thu cQng c h i t d i n c h i t mdn vi khat. Mudn loai d i u keu than ai odn, vay ma trai dau cd thau" (Vien Van hpc 2007: 29), cd the thIy sy khac bipt v l mieu ta la kha rd. Cy the, ca dogn van tir lay chi d y g c sir dyng mpt l l n la " d l t dai nirt ne" khi mieu ta v l tinh trang han han. Trong khi dd, doan van ciia Nguyin Huy Tudng sir dyng cae tir lay rirng rye, han han, phirng phirng, nhay nhdt, nghlu nghen tdi 9 l l n , vira theo phygng thirc lap lai, vira b i tri chiing vao cac cau van ed quan he d i i lap v i ngu' nghTa. Nghe thuat dipp va d i i nhu vay da mang lai hidu qua midu ta rd rpt. Canh han han va n i l dieu dirng ciia mudn vdt dudi dnh mat trdi qua ngdi biit Nguyin Huy Tudng hipn ra that khung khilp, dang s g !
Tuang ty, khi k h i e hpa nhan vgt T l m (Truyen Tim Cim), Nguyen Huy Tudng cDng sir dyng nhilu tir lay cd tae dyng lam teat len ve dep cOa mot ed gai dugc sinh ra trong mpt gia dinh cd cha me giau long nhan ai: khau khinh, dju dang, h i n g h i n g , cham chi, ngoan ngoan, thye tha, rue ra... Khi cha me m l t , Tam phai song cupc ddi day dpa dudi ban tay dpc ac cua me eon di ghe, nha van lai huy dpng tdi nhirng tir Idy khac phii hgp ban d l dien ta: lam lyng, ddnh dap, tham thilt, phu phang, nirc nd, rach rudi...
Dudng nhu mpi lap truypn, mpi chi t i l t ciia truyen k l dan gian d l u dugc Nguyin Huy Tudng tim cdeh phat huy.
LE N H A T KY - GlA TRI T H A M M ? CCIATLT L A Y T R O N G TRUYEN...
phat trien b l n g nang lye tugng tugng va von s i n g phong phd eiia ban than nha van. Vdi s y y u tien nhu vay nen so vdi ca mpt s i cay biit hien dai ciing khai thae d i tai truyen eo, trung thdnh vgi I i i v i l t t r l n thuat khai quat, thong tin ngan gpn v i nhan vat, s u viec thi Nguyin Huy Tudng v l n cd nhirng khde biet n h l t djnh. Nguyen Huy Tudng chii tam phat trien nham lam che npi dung hien thye dugc hien thi chi t i l t hgn, cu the han. Nha van Phcng Thu cd ly khi v i l t r i n g : "Truypn k l mieng, ed the v l n t i t ludt qua.
Nhung truyen v i l t de dpc thi v i l t nhu Con Coc la cau ong Giai, gia trj van hpc mdi eao" (Phong Thu, 1999: 347).
Nhan xet tren la v i mot tae p h l m cu the nhung phii hgp vdi nhu'ng trudng hap edn Igi nhu An Dwang Vwang xay thinh Oc, Tim mg, Chiic binh chwng...
o i l tugng mieu ta eiia Nguyin Huy Tudng trong truydn thilu nhi bao g i m thidn nhien ngogi canh, nhdn vat va eac sy kien ddi song sinh hoat va Ijch sir. Nhu vSy, gia trj mieu ta cua tir lay se dugc xem xet dua tren kha nang khIc hpa tirng d i i tugng cy the dd. La mdt ngdi biit ed khuynh hudng sir thi hoanh trang nen dii v i l t v l d l tai gi, Nguyin Huy Tudng d l u "din" cho d i i tugng nhu'ng dudng net, t l m vdc hoge dugc bao bpc bdi v i n g hao quang Ijch su'. Luu y tdi d i l u nay d l t h I y viec lua chpn cac y l u to ngon ngii' noi chung, tir Idy n i i rieng eiia Nguyen Huy Tudng cQng bj chi p h i i sau s l e tir nguin cam hirng dam c h i t sir thi nay.
Trong An Dwang Vwang xay thinh Oc, ngudi dpc thgt s u hirng khdi vdi dogn van ta nha vua ciing t h i n Kim Quy tro thing k i l m di diet Ke tinh: "Ndl xong, Kim Quy trd thang k i l m tien Idn phia trudc. Ludi k i l m sdng nhu anh giang.
An Duang Vuang cung trd thang kilm, t i l n sau. Luai k i l m cung sang nhu anh giang. Hal ludi kiem l i p loang trong dem t i i . Vua va Kim Quy chay nhu bay v i go Ong Cd". Cy doan van nay, cau van sir dyng tir lay lip loing thuc sy la mpt diem sdng, diin ta dugc s y d i n g hdnh tuyet d i i giii'a t h i n va ngugi trong cupc chlln ehing lai edi ac. & nghTa trye t l l p , tir lay lip loing dien ta s y hda dieu ciia dnh sang tir hai lual k i l m , "ehiiu thanh vet luc ngan luc ddi, khi cd khi khong, lien t i l p " (Vien Ngon ngu' hpc 2001: 554).
Tren n I n nghTa nhu vay, ngudi dpc nhan thay hinh tugng An Duang Vuang b i n g n i i bat len, dep han vdi t y t h i ciia mpt cpn ngudi chii dgng, quylt doan, dam d i i dien vdi t h i luc h i e am. V l ky thuat, cau van 'Hal ludi k l l m lap loang trong dem t i i " la su chuyen doi hinh thirc mieu ta khac, tranh duac cam xuc dan dieu n l u nha van tiep tue lap lai l l n nita each noi
"Ludi k i l m sang nhu anh giang".
0 truyen Ke chuyen Quang Trung, he thong tu' lay k h l c hpa cam hirng sir thi hoanh trang dugc Nguyin Huy Tugng sir dung mpt each da dang.
Trudc hit, dd la mieu ta thien nhien ngoai canh tren t u each mdi trudng van dgng cua cae nhan vgt. Ong ndl ve "nhO'ng virng may byi do ngau
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 6 (250) 2019 ngau"; v i nhu'ng con song "tilng song dting diing", "nude menh mdng l l n vdo trong bdng t i i mjt mil"; v l "con dudng thien ly gap g h l n h , khult khiie"; v i "nhu'ng canh d i n g trg g l c ra menh mong bat ngat" va canh kinh thanh "dang chay ngim ngyf... Tren n i n khong gian l y , nha van l l n lugt khlc hpa ve dep cua ngudi linh Tay San vdi nhung guang mat "Ii lam, dgn day suang gid", luc nao cung
"dam dam nhin v l phia trudc", liie chlln d l u thi "thoan tholt treo thang len im iin". Trdi lai, v l ke thii, Nguyin Huy Tudng cung dung khdng it nhu'ng tir lay d l mieu ta ban ehlt ddn hen khi lam tran: "ehOng m l u mao gpi nhau",
"vien tudng run r i y chay ra", "chiing cir chgy lung tung nhu i c h vgp xile",
"phd tudng hdt ha hdt hai chgy Igl"...
NhO'ng tir lay k i tren hau h i t d l u hudng tdi d i i n ta edi dpng, dien ta cdc su kien dang trong qua trinh d i i n blln. Noi each khac, Nguyin Huy Tudng it khi mieu ta hien thuc yen a, t r i m lang ma hirng thii ban vdi cai d u dpi, an chira nhilu bien dpng b i t ngg.
c i nhien, sire mgnh cua m i l tir Idy luon phy thupc vdo each dung linh hoat ciia Nguyin Huy Tudng. Thudng khi c l n n h l n mgnh, nha van se dat tir lay g trudc dpng tir (thut thit khde);
lap lai nhilu l l n (vi dy, trong Thing Quiy, tir lay trimg true dugc n h i c tdi 10 l l n de ta ngoai hinh nhan vat Quay); hoac k i t hgp vdi so sdnh de y nghTa them sang rd (long I i y ban anh sang, nhdn nhac nhu dan ga). S y linh hogt cung the hien d viec nha van sir
dyng nhO'ng tir lay dong nghTa hay g i n nghTa, k i l u nhu: vui ve/vui v l y , menh mdng/menh mang... Vdi ban dpc v i n ua thich s u mdi me thi each d i i n dat nay la kha phu hgp.
Cung c l n ndi them, trong mpt s i trudng hgp, tir Idy ed tae dung nhan hda s y vat, tao nen s y hda dieu glu'a cai nhin ciia nha van vdi cai nhin cua tre tha. Cd the ke tdi tir Idy trong mpt s i dogn van sau: "Nhung dudi khe sau, ngugi b i keu the tham: Chua lang g i l t tdi r i l l Va la rirng ri rao:
Chua lang g i l t ngudi! Nui thi t h l m : Chua lang g i l t ngudil Khe sau roe rach: Chiia lang g i l t ngudi!" (Tim me);
"Nhirng lang mgc chung quanh nga ngae chua bllt chuyen gl..." (Ke chuyen Quang Trung).
Nhu vay, mieu ta la mpt gid trj n i i bat cua truyen thilu nhi Nguyin Huy Tudng, la k i t qua dyng cdng ciia mpt ngdi but m u l n tdi hien ddi s i n g hien thye mpt cdeh cy t h i , sinh dpng. Tir nhu'ng trang van mieu ta nhy vay, ban dpc edn cam nhan dugc thdi dp, tinh cam d l y tin yeu eiia nha van d i i vdi cupc s i n g .
2.2. Gia trj b i l u cam
Theo Ha Quang Nang: "Mil tir lay chira dyng trong minh mpt sy the hien tinh t l , sinh dpng ve su cam thu chu quan, ve each danh gia va thdi dp cua ngugi ndi trudc s u vat va hien tugng cua dgi s i n g xa hpi" (Ha Quang Nang, 2005: 3). Dieu ndy cd y nghTa tugng d i n g khi ndi v l gia trj bieu cam cOa tir Idy trcng truyen t h i l u nhi Nguyin Huy Tugng.
L E N H A T K Y - GlA TRI THAM MY CliA Tif LAY TRONG TRUYEN..
Khac dan gian, Nguyin Huy Tudng t r l n thuat cau chuyen bang gipng dipu n h u i m mau sac chii quan, t h i hien rd cai yeu cai ghet cua ban than d i i vdi tirng nhan vgt va sy kien. Vdi dgc d i l m t r l n thuat nhy vay, Nguyen Huy Tudng t i t y l u se sir dyng tir lay nhu mpt giai phap can ban. Theo quan sat ciia chung tdi, gia trj bleu cam ciia tir lay trong truyen thieu nhi Nguyen Huy Tudng t h i hien qua hai hinh thire t i chirc ngon ngu' cua nha van.
Trudc h i t , tir Idy x u l t hien trong cac doan van cd tinh ehlt tru tinh ngogi d i , Ig Idi trd chuyen trye tiep ciia nhd van vdi bgn dpc. Hinh thirc nay duge Nguyin Huy Tudng sir dyng d kha nhiiu tac p h l m , nhu: Chiic binh chwng, Con Coc la cau ong Gioi, Hai bin tay chiin sT... Thudng nhu'ng dogn tru tinh nhu vay se xult hien d d l u hay cudi, hoac ea d l u ca c u i i tdc pham.
Vdi truyen Chiic banh chwng, Nguyin Huy Tudng ehl tru' tinh d d l u tae pham: "Ngay t u c h i c cung cd nhilu em an banh chung hang, nhung nd cung nhu mdn qua thudng, khong cd
^ vj gi. Chi cd banh chung ngay T i t mdi tham the, mdi ngon lanh, mdi quy.
Nd la phan thuang cua cdng cdy sau cuoc bam, nd la tinh hoa cua mua mang. Nd con dugm miii d i n g Ida; nd la k i t qua cua cong sam su'a, cdng gdi, cdng dun cua ea mpt gia dinh trong mudn van gia dinh cham chi d xir sa ViSt Nam ta. Cho nen toi, ri§ng tdi, chi quy, chi yeu banh chung ngdy T i t do cha m? t i i gdi, do anh em tdi
dun, nhu'ng ngay gan h i t nam, dudi eon m l t che chd ciia to tidn".
Nguae Igi, trong Hai bin tay chien sT va Con Coc Ii cau ong GlCri, phuang thuc trir tinh ngogi d l dugc thye hipn g eg dau va c u i i truyen;
- Hai ban tay chiin sr. "Tdi edn nhd Hpi nghj chlln sT tcan quan d l u ngm 1952. B i m len bgo cdo thanh tich trydc Hpi nghj. Ca hpi trudng cam dpng nhin dpi ban tay tan tat eiia anh.
Ddi ban tay cdng queo, tec Igi. Cge ngdn tay d l u eyt, mpt hai ngdn edn Igl thi dai d g nhu may cay trg tryi trong mpt cai vudn da chay hit" (dlu truyen); "Cdc em, d i n day toi tgm ngirng cau chuydn ehiln sT Bam.
C h l e chan rang khi nghe k l , eac em r l t cam thii nhu'ng ke doe ac da huy hoai ddi ban tay cua mpt eon ngudi.
D i n g thai eac em cung t h I y rd cai gia tri cua del ban tay. B i l t bao nhieu bdn tay da bj trul, bj eyt nhu tay anh B i m d i m d cho chung ta cupc s i n g hda binh ngay nay. Chung ta dang sing trong mdt xa hpi khdng gi cd quyin huy hogi ban tay ciia ngudi khac. Mpi ngudi quy trpng ban tay ciia mpi ngudi" ( c u i i truyen).
- Con Coc la cau ong Gidi: "Cac em hay trong con cdc kia. Hinh thii nd x l u . Da nd san stii. Ngudi ta ed cam tudng rang nd r l t b i n . Cd ngudi vira t h I y nd la dg rii len r i i . Cdc s i n g mdt cupc ddi t i i tem. Nd khdng m u l n Id ra ngoai, hinh nhu nd cung thIy r i n g nd khdng duac dep mat cho l i m . Nhung khoan! Dirng ghet nd ma tdi nghipp"
(dau truyen); "Tir d l y m i l khi cdc
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI so 6 (250) 2019 nghiln rang thi thudng thudng la gidi mua x u i n g . Cdc oai nhu t h i nen cac cy ta edn gpi Cdc la cgu ong Gidi. Cac cu edn khuyen mgi ngudi khdng nen danh cdc. Tuy x l u xi nhung nd r l t cd ccng va t i t bung" (cuii truypn).
Npi dung cac trich doan tren Id thong dipp cupc s i n g ma nha van m u i n truyin day ehp cdc em. Cy t h i , dd la thai dp tran quy banh chung ngay T i t vi nd "mdi tham the, mdi ngon Idnh, mdi quy"; la each nhin vat, nhin ngudi khdng qua hinh thire, nhu eon cdc
"tuy x l u xi nhung r l t cd cdng vg t i t byng"; va "khdng al ed quyln huy hoai ban tay ciia ngudi khac". Trong eac thong dipp dd, tir lay x u l t hien it nhung gan nhu glQ' vai trd "nhan ty", t h i hien mpt edeh khai quat nhlt, c i t Idi n h l t t y tudng tinh cam cOa nha van.
P h i biln ban, dd Id k i t hgp b i l u cam vdi mieu ta, thong qua mieu ta nhd van kin dao gu'i gam tinh cam ciia minh vao trong tirng cau chCr, trong dd cd cae tu' lay. Chang hgn, trong dogn van ndi v i chj em Tam sau day, chiing ta thIy rd long yeu m i n T i m ciia tae gia khi ong sir dyng hinh thu'c mieu ta so sanh d i i lap vdi s y tham gia cua mdt s i tir lay chi pham ehlt cen ngygi:
"Ma T l m trang h i n g h i n g , mat Cdm thi s i n sill da cdc (...). Tam cham chi, ngoan ngoan, le phep, thuc tha bao nhieu, thi Cam ludi bilng, budng binh, hon lao, gian giao bay nhieu..."
(Truyen Tim Cam). Hoac, trong nhO'ng cau chD' sau, ngudi dpc cam nhan dugc s y d i n g cam sau xa cua
nha van trudc n i i dau da thjt ma nhan vgt Bam dang trai qua: "Hal ban tay bj a i t quay q u i y . Anh thit len. Hai ham rang anh nghiln lai. Thjt anh b i t d i u chay xeo xeo, khet khet nhu miii sue vat bj thui"; "Anh danh ehing tay x u i n g cat, ehju dung su hdnh hg cua ddn k i l n lira. Nude m l t Bam chay rdng rdng" (Hai ban tay chien si)...
Trong trudng hap ndy, sy tda sdng ciia tu' lay r l t c l n tdi nghe thuat sir dyng kheo leo cua nha van. D i i vdi ngygi dpc, ngoai viec ngam tu' trong ngii' canh edn c l n phai biit he thing, gan k i t cae tu' Igi vgi nhau d l thong tin mieu ta vd b l l u cam dugc t l l p nhan d l y du, trpn ven han.
3. KtJ LUAN
X u l t phat tir yeu d u mieu ta va bilu cam, Nguyin Huy Tudng da sir dung mpt s i lugng Idn tir Idy trong truyen thilu nhi cOa ong. D i l u dd dam bao cho tir lay trd thanh mpt thanh p h l n ca ban trong he thing ngdn ngir truyen thilu nhi.
Dgc diem chung ciia he thing tU' lay trong truyen thiiu nhi Nguyin Huy Tudng la s u dp dao eiia eac tir lay doi, s y quen thupc va sang rd v i mgt y nghTa tir vung. Cae tir Idy da duge Nguyen Huy Tudng sir dyng vac viec tai hien birc tranh ddi s i n g lao dpng va chlln d l u cua cha ong xua cung nhu nay. Tren ca sd mieu ta dd, cae tir Idy cung d i n g thai truyin tai thai dp, tinh cam ciia nha van d i i vdi can ngudi va hien thye. Tyu trung, dd la tinh cam t u hao, m I n yeu cua nha van d i i vdi cdc gia trj vgt chit, tinh t h i n do
56 LENHATKY - GlA TR| THAM MY CQATi)'LAYTRONG TRUYEN...
cha ong tgo dyng va luu truyin cho p h l m eiia ong mang phong each truyen muon ddi. n g i n hien dai, phu hgp va h i p d i n Vlee s i dung tir lay mot each thudng 'h?* s y d i i vdi ban dpc t h i i u nhi. Day xuyen da gop p h l n lam nen lap van I* mpt kinh nghiem tot, hu'u ich ddi vdi mieu ta trong truyen thilu nhi Nguyin viec ren day hpc slnh lam van ml6u ta Huy Tudng. D i l u do khiln cho tac '™"g "Si canh giao due hien nay. •
T A I LIEU TRfCH D A N
1. Ha Quang Nang. 2005. Day va hoc tir lay trong nha tnr&ng phi thing. Hd Npi: Nxb.
Giao due.
2. Le Huy Anh. 2001. 'Truypn Tim me", Nguyin Huy Twang khat vong mgt ddi van. Ha Npi: Nxb. Van hpc.
3. Nguyin Huy Tudng. 2013. NhCrng truygn hay viet cho thiiu nhi. Ha Npi: Nxb. Kim Ding.
4. Nguyen Thj Hul. 2014. "Thi gidi c i tich ciia Nguyin Huy Tudng", http://hanoitv.vn, truy cap ngay 6/9/2018.
5. Phong Thu. 1999. Tuyen tap truyen viet cho thieu nhi tCr sau each mang thing Tim.
Ha Npi: Nxb. Giao dye.
6. To Hoai. 2004. 101 truyen ngay xwa. Ha Npi: Nxb. Van hpc.
7. Vipn Ngon ngir hpc. 2001. Tir dien tieng Viet, Da Ning: Nxb. Da Nang - Tmng tam tir diin.
8. Vien Van hpc. 2007. Tuyen tap van hgc din gian, Tgp II, quyln 1. Ha Npi: Nxb. Giao due.