W'
Thong lin khoa hpc cong ngh$ m d
MOT SO VAN DE KHI TJNH TOAN THIET KE XAY DlTNG GIENG MO t r o n g v u n g d a t da boi l a p , m e m y e u
jAt Quang Ninh basin, the coal deposits have been distributed in the complicated geological conditions with many faults and fractures and through water bearing zones, casing a lot of difficulties for execut- ing the mining works. The paper refers to some prob- lems in the shaft sinking at the weak and alluvial soil at Quang Ninh area.
TS, PHAM MINH Dye Vi$n Khoa hgc C6ng ngh^ Md - Vinacomin
Trong thilt k l x i y dyng md ham Id khai thdng bing gilng, viec qui hogch, xac dmh vj tri gilng hgp ly cd y nghTa r i t quan trong, anh hydng tryc tilp d i n ehi phi khai thic v i mdc dd an t o i n D l d i m bao tuoi thg ciia cdng trinh trgng suit qua trinh t i n tgi mo, eung vdi k i t cau hgp ly, dieu quan trong han ca dd la dieu kien dia ky thuat, dja chit cdng trinh, thiiy van khu vyc dat gilng. Ve cdng nang cua gilng, ddi hoi vi tri dat gieng phai hgp ly, s i n ga gilng phai n i m tai trung tam phan bd trd lu-ang cua khoang sang, mieng gieng phai d v| tri thuan tien ve dia ly, giao thdng, thuan Igi trong viec x i y dyng san edng nghiep cung nhu- c i c edng trinh phg trg khae cua day truyin cdng nghe mo, nhy c i c n h i xu'dng, kho bai chda than, vat lieu phuc vg s i n xuit, v v .
Thyc t l tgi vung than Quing Nmh, tren be m i t khoang sing la d l i niii nhip nhd, bj chia c i t bdi c i c sdng, sull nhd, dydi mat dat phu cae via than bj chia cit, djch chuyin bdi cac hogt ddng kiln tgo nhy phay pha, dirt gay, cac n i p uon, v v... Ben canh dd, nhilu mo ham Id khai thac dydi gam hoac ben ria cac moong khai thic Ip thien, khai thic hon hgp ham Id - Ig thien
dan xen nhau, bai thii 10 thiin n i m t r i n viing khai thic h i m Id, Nhyng dilu ki^n nhy v$y gay khd khSn r i t Idn trong vi^c x i y dyng gilng md, khi dd, n i u b l tri mieng gilng tren mat dja hinh t y nhien thi khIi lygng san gat Idn, khong thu^n Igi trong bo tri mgt bang sSn cdng nghiep, trydng hgp md gilng qua bai thai, phan mi^ng, c l va than gilng phai n i m trong Idp da phu chu'a ddng kit, lien k i t ylu, vda khd khan trong q u i trinh thi cdng, vda anh hydng d i n chit lu'gng edng trinh. Xay dyng gilng tren b i i thai l i trydng hap it ggp tren the gidi,
Trong dilu kiin thyc t l nhy vay, nhieu khi v| tri b l tri gieng khdng the vda dap dng v l d i l u kien kinh t l , vda dap dng v l t u l i thg cdng trinh, tuy nhien, trong mgt gidi hgn nhit dmh phat k i t hgp h i i hda nhCrng yeu c i u tren, tren ca sd chip nhgn dieu kien ty nhiin, k i t hgp vdi nhdng giai phap ky thugt, cdng nghe hdp 'y <?l giai quylt v l kit c i u va tuli thg cdng trinh. Mgt s i v i n d l khi tinh t o i n thilt k l xay dyng gilng mo trong vCing d i t d i boi l i p , m i m y l u nhy sau'
1. Cong t i c khao s i t tham do tinh trang dia chit mo vj tri bd tri gilng dyng
Trong viec x i y dyng gilng ddng chung ta chya ed nhilu kinh nghiem, do dd edng tac khao s i t . d i n h gia tinh chit da v i khIi da khi x i y dyng gilng cdn het sdc mdi me va chya cd nhdng qui dinh, hydng din thyc hien Cac tai lieu lien quan den dilu kien dja ky thuat, dia ca md, dja chit thuy van chya d l y dii, tinh chit dn dinh cua khoi da khi gieng dao qua chu'a cd cac nghien cdu va danh gia cy the, chit lygng khli da, nhit l i chit lygng khoi da danh gia theo c i c he thing phan loai nhy RQD, Q, RMR chu'a dyac d l egp, tinh on dinh theo "0°
cua gilng ddng chya dyac quan t i m
S y lien k i t gida dat phu vdi vo chong mieng, co gilng i i lyc ma s i t v i lyc dinh, khi khoi dat d i quanh gieng trong trgng thai nguyen khoi. cac lyc nay dat g i i tri cao. Tai trgng khoi dit da v i trgng lygng c i c cdng trinh tren mgt gilng g i y nen i p lyc d l y ngang t i c ddng vao vo ehing gilng (hinh 1), Khi xay dyng gilng trong dit da nguyen khoi, khoi da khong bi p h i huy hay do b l i l i p nen tac dpng cua lye phip tuyln len vd gilng tu'ang d l i ddng deu, tao sy I n dinh v i phin b l dng suit deu ien vd gilng.
KHCNM SO 5/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
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T . . . , . u i .J-WW
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Hinh 1. Tai trgng c^c cong trinh tren mat gSy nen i p ILFC day ngang gieng dirng Barton va nhi&u ngu'di khae da phan loai chit lygng khoi da thanh 5 cap A, B, C, D, E (bang 1)
Bang 1. Phan loai chat luH^ng khoi da theo RQD Khi xay dyng gieng trong
viing d i t "mygn", Idp dat phii b l mat du-ac boi l i p them dat da thai Id thien, khi dd mieng, CO gilng nam trgng Idp dat da chya ddng dac, lyc ma sit, lyc bim dinh gida Idp d i t phu vdi vd chong gilng rit thip, khoi dat da phln tren t h i n gieng
"xop", dd rdng cao, kha nang ngan can nydc mat kem, kha nang dich chuyin khdi irwai khi d i t phil n i m tren mat ddc r i t Idn. Trong tru'dng hgp khi tai trong khdi d i t da va trong lyang cac cdng trinh tren mat gilng gay nen ap lyc d l y ngang tac ddng vao vd ching gilng se gay nen chuyin vj, biln dang, eo ngdt, tryang nd cua khli da quanh gilng, phan bd dng suit tren chu tuyen vd gilng khdng d i u , l i m cho mieng, co gilng cd nguy ca bi lech, vanh d l c6 the bj biln dang, g i y mit on dinh d l i vdi cdc thanh d i n va iam giam tuoi thg cua
van, do tan rda cOa dat da, hydng ddng chay eiia nydc ngam.
2. D i n h gia c h i t lifgng khdi da quanh g i l n g
Hien nay, trong tinh toin, thiet ke gilng md, mdt s i ehi tieu ca hoc da trong cac tai ligu tham dd cung d p eho thilt k l chi mdi t i p trung chu y l u v i o mdt so ehi tieu nhu dd ben nen doe trgc, do b i n keo, trgng lygng t h i tieh, gdc ma sat trong, lu-u lyang nu'dc nglm.
Trong khi dd, tgi cic nydc cdng nghiep phat triln, ngu'di ta ddnh gia chit lu'ang khli da theo RQD Ch? tieu RQD du-ac xac dinh bing viec tinh phln tram tdng cae Idi khoan, khi khoan qua cae Idp da bang mui khoan dng luon cd dydng kinh 55mm, ddng thdi xac djnh tinh chat ty nhien cua khdi da, qua dd xac djnh chit lu'gng khoi da theo cdng thdc"
Mi>c do on (J|nh cua khoi 3d A. Rat y^u B Y^u C Trung binh D Tot E. Rat tot
GiS tri RQD 0 - 2 5 2 5 - 5 0 5 0 - 7 6 7 6 - 9 0 9 0 - 1 0 0
Nhu' vay, d l cd t h i de xuat cac giai phap gia co d i t da bao quanh hay gia cydng vd chong gilng, gia tang on dinh gilng, ngay td khi khao sat c i n thyc hien cac danh g i i v l chieu day.
dp ben nguyen khli, dd hgt, do rdng, do bin nen,... cua dat da phu, dieu kien dja c h i t thuy
RQD
._Zk.i
00% (1) Trong dd.- Lk - Tong chieu d i i eiia cac doan Idl khoan cd kich thydc td 10cm trd len, cm.
- L - Chilu dai toan bg doan Idl khoan, em.
Ty kit qua danh g i i RQD,
Tai Nga va cac nu'dc Ddng Au, mdc do on dinh ciia gilng ddng Igi du'gc phan chia thanh 4 nhdm t d I d i n IV va tinh theo cdng thdc:
26.3 + k^Rc (5.25 + O.OOtCk^R^) (2) Trong dd:
kr - He so tinh d i n tac ddng eua nydc ngam, khi myc nydc ngang bing l l y kr= 1, khi da bao hoa nydc, kr - du'ac xac djnh theo cdng thdc:
G*l-^B)^(j'n-rB)-
(3) KHCNM S6 5/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
W'
Thong tin khoa hpc c6ng ngh$ m 6 Vdi'hi - Chilu cao tinh t d day lap nu'dc den mgt dit phu, m;
hz - Chilu cao Idp da tlnh td day Idp da bao hoa nu'dc d i n n l n Idp khong thim nu'dc, m;
1'r,> - Trgng lygng t h i tich CLia da bao hoa nu'dc va ciia nydc. KN/m^,
E - He s i dg ring ciig da bag hoa nu'dc,
H - Chilu cao Idp da td vj tri quan trie d i n m^t dit, m;
PB - Ap lyc nu'dc tlnh d i n myc nydc hg. KPa,
kce - He s i anh hu'dng ciia cac dydng 16 ben cgnh d i n gilng: tru'dng hgp gilng neng bipt kc5 = 1, tru'dng hgp e6 gieng liln k l kc6= 1,5,
kn - He so anh hu'dng cua Id cha d i n gilng, khi gan ke ku=1;
ku - He so anh hydng eiia gdc nghieng via than a, khi gdc bang phing ka= 1, khi gdc nghieng tinh theo cdng thdc:
1 1 + 0,5 sin or kl - He s l anh hu'dng d i n thdi gian iam viee eua dydng Id, d l i vdi gilng ki = 1; cac Id khae = 0,9;
He - Chieu sau tinh toin, m.
Re - Do bin neo doe trgc cua da, Mpa
y - Trgng lygng t h i tich cua da, T/m3
kl He s l tinh den anh hydng ciia thdi gian d l i vdi cae loai du'dng Id, doi vdi gieng kt lay bing 1
Td cac kit qua tinh tean doi vdi tdng mdc chilu cao gieng cu thi cd thi xac dinh dygc sy on
Bang 2 Phin looi tf(J 6n dinh
cua 6& quanh gl6ng 1 II III IV
D6nh gi6 trang thii 6n (Sinh cCta di
On djnh On djnh trung binh
Khang 4n djnh R4tl<he)ng 6n dmh
Phin loai 6n dinh cOa gidng dijng C
air\3 Tir 3 den 6 t u e den 10 LAn hon 10 Bdng 3. Trj s6 cua /19 so /(PC tfiy ngang theo Xlmbarevich Lo^l
at 1 II ill IV V
VI
VII
VIII XI X
D^c diem cua di CUchiy
c a t rdi cat r(n iin
sit B S y ^ u Di m^m DA trung
binh Di tu'ang
doi ben e a b ^ n Di Tat ben
B 4 b e n nhat
Lo^i di d$c trwng cua nhdm di
CSt bMi cd l<lch eft 0,1 - 0,15mm, ddt
c a t chay kich thu-t^c I<h0ng Iftn hon, dcit
S6t, dat trbng trot, cat mjn va cac logi dSt
sat deo, than bun, than dbn S6t r4t b^n, bSt yeu, da p h i n , da muoi, than antraxit BSt ket m6m, bftt pha cat b^n, cat ket m^m.
Cat ket ben, da v6i Di ben vu-ng, cat hat mm, qu^ng
Granit, kvarxit, quSng Pocfil, dioryt, bazalt, gnejsy
Ho so i^K day ngang A'"
0.5 - 0.6 0 , 2 5 - 0 , 3 5
0 , 1 5 - 0 , 2 0 , 1 2 - 0 , 1 3 0 , 0 8 - 0 , 1 2
0 , 0 4 - 0 , 0 7
0 . 0 1 - 0 , 0 8 5
0,006-0,009 0,003-0,005 0,001-0,003
dmh cua gidng (C), vdi bang phan logi mdc dg I n djnh (bang 2),
Thyc t l , khi gilng xay dyng trong viing d i t da co dg b i n nen Re < 20MPa, d i t da thugc Iggi IV, logi rat khdng on djnh
3. T i c dgng ciia khdi tai trgng tren m i t g i l n g d i n si^
hinh thanh vung b i l n dang dec va t i c dpng len mieng, c6 g i l n g
vanh mieng v i vinh chin d l c6 gilng chju t i c dpng eua tai trong eac cdng trinh trin mgt (hinh 1). Tong tai trpng eua khli
kien triic tac dgng len vanh mieng gilng va vanh d l co gieng cao hay thip cd quan he rit Idn vdi v| tri dgt gilng, trong d i b i n vdng, nguyen khdi thi he so lyc d l y ngang (Am) nhd, cdn trong dat d i kem ben vdng thi Am se Idn. Theo Ximbare- vich, lyc d l y ngang len vo ching gilngedgia trinhy sau:
/ ' , . = (r.A + r,.A, + r . A.)/K'(45'' •
Tai day: rg^{45"
(4)
•-) = K
KHCNIM S<5 S/2012* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
w
,Am la lyc d l y ngang, dygc gidi thieu tai bang 3.
Khi gilng x i y dyng trong vung d i t phii nhu' set, d i t nguyen tho, thi gdc ma sat eua dit thay doi rat Idn va phu thupc vao do am cua dit. Khi dit khd, gdc ma sat trong cd the len tdi 45°, nhyng khi I m hoac bao h o i nydc, gdc ma sat trong ehi edn 5° hogc t h i p han Khi do ap lyc t i c ddng len co va mieng gieng se dat g i i tri cao va du'gc xac djnh theo cdng thdc
e-(c-l)J'R
^ r
-1 (5) Trong dd:h - Chieu sau cua Idp da, m;
R - Ban kinh viing biln dgng deo, m,
a - Ban kinh ben trong eua gilng, m
1-1-sine) 1 —sine
k- Lyc dinh cua d i , Mpa Khi Idp d i viing biln dang deo cd t h i biln dang, lam kich thydc viing biln dang deo "R"
tang, khi dd lyc nen len vd gilng se giam d i n d i n 0, hay Po = 0, v i dp Idn vung biln dang deo quanh gilng se la:
R = a.c c(c + l)L
{c-i)h.r + 1 Vdi gdc ma sat trong cua da (cp) nhd, gia tri ciia ty sd R so vdi a se rat ldn, vi dg vdi gilng sau 500m, pz = 1200N/cm2, k = 20N/em^ (p = 20°, c = 2 , tyang dng R = 21a, khi dd vung bien dang deo dao dpng trong khoang a < R < 2 1 a .
Hinh 2. Cau tao mieng va vdnh de co gieng A. Sxjf tac dpng khong deu khdng ddng d i u cua ap lyc len cua tai trpng tren mat len gilng vd chong gilng du'ac xac djnh
Nhu- da d l cap tren, viec xay ^^eo cdng thdc:
dyng gilng tren mat md l i bai thai, n l n mat d i t nguyen thuy l i eac sydn die, suol nu'dc v.v nen t i l trpng tac ddng len gilng, nhit la phln mieng co gilng khdng deu (hinh 2). Theo Farber, ap lyc niy du'gc x i e djnh theo cdng thdc:
1 Y.ip.-Pif (7) -1
P = Po--
Q) (a-\ V |sin «r|) (6) Trong dd:
p - Toan bp ap lyc t i c ddng len vo ching gilng, Mpa;
po - Ap lyc khdng diu;
CO - Mdc dp khdng dong d i u ve ap lyc;
a. - Gdc nghling theo hu-dng tac dpng ciia ap lyc.
Theo Sterkowlez, mdc dp khong ding d i u v l tac ddng cua i p lyeo) = 1,1 -^ 1,15, edn theo c i c n h i khoa hpc cua Nga, h i so mdc dp t i c d6ng
P,r Trong dd:
V - He so khdng deu v l ap lyc, Psr - G i i tri ap lye trung binh;
PI - Gia tri ap lyc tai dilm xac dinh;
n - So lygng dilm xac dinh ap lyc;
Gia tri ap lyc cu-c dai va eye tieu se l i .
PZ =P.rO±^^) ^^' 5. Kit ciu vinh mipng v i d l gieng
Dya tren qua trinh khao sat, khoan tham dd xac dinh mdc do I n dinh ciia dit da bao quanh thanh gilng, tinh toan xac djnh ap lyc tac dpng len mipng, than gilng, ngydi ta lya chgn k i t c i u mieng v i vanh de cd gilng (bang 4 va 5).
KHCNM s d 5/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe md
Bing 4. Vdnh migng gieng Vanh mi$r)g gieng
Vinh mieng mOt d p , dgng phlng.
\/inh mieng gilng mpt d p , dgng cdn.
\/inh mi^ng gilng phlng hai d p dgng phlng
vanh mipng gieng phlng hai cap dgng cdn.
Vanh mieng gilng phlng ba d p k i t d u cdng
Ket ciu vo chong l^sBpe
1 ^BH
s
T
^ ; : ^
• ^
"Xj
^
(
DiSu ki^n s y dijng
Dydng kinh gilng 5- 6m sd dgng, m$t d i t phil nguyin t h i 3-5m, Dit l i n ch$t, ap lyc thing ddng t i c dOng len vd ching mi$ng gilng khdng Idn.
Du'dng kinh gilng 5- 6m sd dgng, Idp d i t phil nguyin t h i 3 - 3,5m
o l t quanh mi^ng gieng dygc l i n chat, ap lyc thang dydng tic dpng len vd ehing gieng trung binh Dudng kinh 5-6m, Idp d i t phu nguyen thd 5-6m
Bang 5. Ket cau vanh de Cau tao
1 \ i
'!
j
i
len QQi Vai de dan dang hai hinh cdn
Vai de kep dgng hinh cdn
<ep.
Vai de mpt cap dang con kep.
Dieu kien sy dijng Vdi bat ky du'dng kinh gieng, trong dd ben vdng, tgi chilu s i u cich mgt d i t td 6 - 15m
Khi tai trpng tac dpng len vai de c l gilng v i mipng gilng trung binh hogc khong Idn l i m , dydng kinh gilng b i t ky, vai d l dgt trong d i t d i chju dygc tai trpng
<h6ng Idn l i m .
1 ai trpng ciig khoi d i t da d dg Idn trung binh. vgi d l phii chju lye day Idn de chong Igi t i c dgng cua ap lyc ngang, tilt dipn gilng b i t ky.
Hinh 3. Sa do tlnh toin ket cau vinh de gieng Vdi k i t c i u vinh d i nhy hinh 2, sa d l tinh toan tren hinh 3, ta cd t h i tinh dygc khoi lygng the tich vgt ligu (be tdng liln khoi hogc b i tong cit thep) eung d p cho vanh d l c l gilng theo eong thdc:
V = 7T(k^ +2Rk)(- + ih) (9) Trong do:
R - Ban kinh gilng, m;
k - Chilu rpng vinh d l , m;
chilu rpng v i n h d l dygc xac dinh theo cdng thdc:
-"'''•••{^, -1).
(10) Trong do:
mk- H# so ai^u ki$n lam viec cua vo ch6ng, khi to chu'C cac c6ng vi0c n6i ti4p va song song mk = 1,5, khi t6 chi>c cong vi$c h6n hg'p mk = 1,25,
ro - Ban kinh gi^ng khi dao, m;
Rl - Dp b^n nen khi uon cua be tong, MPa;
KHCNM s d 5/2012* CNKT HAIM L 6
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Sang 6 Do bSn
B^n nen kill u6n R,, lUlPa
D5 ben k t o , RB, IVIPa
Loai vd ciiong
BTCT BS tang BTCT B6 t6ng
MSc bi tong 150
8 7 5,8 5,2
200 10 9 7,2 6,4
300 16 14 10,5 9,5
400 21
12,5 500
26
14
Sang 7
Loai v6 chdng BS tdng l i l n khdi va BTCT BTCT lap ghep
Trong phdn thSn giing 0,7-0,9 0,7-0,9
Trong phSn iiBn kit 0,6-0,8
Rl - Dd ben khi uon cua b§
tdng, Mpa, lly theo bang 6.
m - He so lam viec ciia gieng, lly theo bang 5
Vj tri v i n h d l c6 gieng thydng cich mat gilng t d 30 - 50m, dygc b l tri n i m trong vung d i goc cd dp ben trung binh t d 30MPa trd len. V i n h de giing lam nhiem vu chdng trygt theo chilu thang ddng cho vd chdng g i l n g , trong diiu kien d i t da nguyen tho, vanh d i r i t dn djnh, cdn trong d i t da bdi l i p , vanh 6^ cd giing khdng nhdng chi chong trygt ma eon chdng lai t i e dpng eua ap lyc ngang tac dung l i n vo ching, nen vanh d l phai chpn loai da cap va chilu rdng v i n h d l k vdi b i tdng m i c cao 6h gid cho tilt dien gilng khdng bi b i l n dgng.
Ket luan
Trong d i i u kien cac md ham 16 viing Quang Ninh dang ngiy cing phal xuong sau, giing md thu'dng'-phai di qua
vung d i t d i bdi lap, mem yeu, khi tinh toin, thiit k i giing mo thu'dng gap phai 5 v i n d l neu tren. D l nang eao tudi thg cdng trinh, dam bao an t o i n trong thi cdng cung nhy khi van hanh giing, nhdng v i n de tren d n thilt phai du'gc xem xet, giai quylt ngay trong thilt k i , cung nhy trong qua trinh thi cdng gieng./.
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Phiing Manh Die & nnk, 2006, Nghien ciru cac giai phap khoa hoc va cong nghe nham huy dong tong hg'p tai nguyen phuc vu chien Iwac phat then bin vCrng trong khai thac va su' dung than o Viet Nam - Chwang trinh KI-I&CN trQng diem cap Bo Cong nghiep
2. Le Van Cong, Pham Minh Dire. 2010, Nghien ciru cong nghe thi cong gieng dirng trong vung tram tich"
than Neogen khu vtrc Dong bing song i-long- Bao cao tong ket di tai
3. BopiMeecKUU C. B.
Jleeum B. B. EypyuiuH /J. /?.
3KcnepuMeHmanbHbie ucne- doeaHUR npuKomypnou 30Hbi oiaxmHbix cmeonoe e 30Hax noebiuieHHbix eodo- pnpumoKoe - 2010 - Inter- net
4. Kynu6a6a CB. Xoxnoe B. B. /JuaMomp eepmuKanb- Hbix BOpHbix ebipa6omoK Kan (panmop, enuRfou^uu na cme- neHb ux HapytiieHHocmu npu nodpadomKe. VKP f-ii^Mi^
IHAI-iy a. JJoneuK VKpauna 5. Fouee JH. B CmacioK A.M. Ycmou^ueocmb eep- muKanbHbix aopubix ebipado-
moK e ynpyeoeaKonnacmw^ecKoO
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KHCNM SO 5/2012* CNKT HAM LO