PHAT TRIEN MO HINH KHU CONG NGHIEP SINH THAI TRtrdNG HOP KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH,
TINH BONG NAI
Nguyen Diic Long Tdm tdt: Khu cong nghiep Long Binh Id mpt trong nhimg khu cong nghiip duac thdnh lap ddu tien cua tinh Dong Nai vd Viet Nam Trdi qua qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien, khu cong nghiip Long Binh dd bdt ddu bgc 16 nhieu hgn che ve mo hinh qudn ly, hieu qud sd dung tdi nguyen khiin ndng luc cgnh tranh cua cdc doanh nghiep ben trong khu cong nghiep bi suy gidm. Bin canh do, tdc dp do thi hoa eao da day khu vuc ddn cu ngdy cdng dp sdt khu cong nghiip Long Binh khien rui ro vi moi tru&ng giiia hogt dpng cua cdc doanh nghiip ben trong vd cpng dong ddn cu xung quanh tdng len Trong boi cdnh do, chuyen ddi sang mo hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thdi se Id gidi phdp de khu cong nghiip Long Binh phdt trien ben vimg hem. Nghien ciru ndy duge thirc hien nhdm muc dich:
(1) Phdn tich bdi hoc kinh nghiem quoc te phdt trien mo hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thdi; (2) Ddnh gid hiin trgng khu cong nghiep Long Binh duai goc dp chi ddu sinh thdi; (3) Xdy dung mo hinh SWOT eho khu cong nghiep Long Binh; (4) Ddnh gid khd ndng chuyen doi sang mo hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thdi cua khu eong nghiep Long Binh; vd (5) Dua ra mpt vdi ggi y de chuyen doi khu cong nghiep ndy thdnh cong.
Tu khda: Cong sinh cong nghiip; khu cong nghiep sinh thdi; mo hinh SWOT; khu cong nghiip Long Binh.
Mo dan
Dugc thanh lap nam 1996, khu cdng nghiep Long Binh la mdt trong nhung khu cdng nghiep (KCN) lau ddi nhat ciia tinh Ddng Nai. Trai qua ban 15 nam hinh thanh va phat teien, KCN Long Binh da bat dau bdc Id nhiing han che nhu mo hinh quan ly khdng cd sy thay ddi, sii dung tai nguyen dau vao, san xuat khong hieu qua gay d nhiem mdi trudng va lgi nhuan tao ra khiem tdn dan, cdng nghe san xuat ldi thdi anh hudng den nang luc canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep. Trong bdi canh dd, chuyin ddi KCN Long Binh tir md hinh KCN truyin thdng sang md hinh khu cdng nghiep
sinh thai (KCNST) se la mdt hudng di gnip thay ddi KCN nay theo hudng phat teien ben viing hon. Nghien cim nay nham muc dich phan tich kinh nghiem qudc te, dua ra nhiing dieu kien de chuyen ddi sang md hinh, tir dd, danh gia thuc trang KCN Long Binh dudi gdc dp chi dau sinh thai ve quan ly, kinh te, mdi trudng, xa hdi va cac quy dinh chinh sach lien quan. Cudi cimg, nghien cim danh gia kha nang chuyen ddi cua KCN Long Binh va xay dung md hinh SWOT de dua ra nhiing ggi y chuyen ddi KCN nay sang sang md hinh KCNST.
PHAT T R I E N B E N V C T N G VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 2 (6/2019) 77
NGHIEN CO'U THI/C NGHlEM-KINH NGHIEM
Hinh 1: KHUNG PHAN TICH KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH DUdl GOC DO CHi DAU SINH T H A I
KinS whiam NlrnDgdieo
tiunhcong
B n h g i i U i i
MohinliSWOT
Mot 90 gen y diusen Jfe sans 016 fciEfc KCNST
Ngudn: Tde gid (2019)
\. Nhung dieu kien de ap dung thanh cong mo hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thai
Mac dii ve mat ly thuyet, mang lai nhieu lgi ich cho tat ca cac ben tham gia, md hinh KCNST khdng phai la mpt giai phap mang tinh phd bien de xanh hda toan bd boat ddng san xuat ciia mdt nen kinh te. Nhiing quan niem cho rang KCNST se giiip cho van de lien quan den mdi trudng va xa hdi ma boat ddng cdng nghiep gay nen dugc giai quyet hoan toan se trd nen sai lam kbi thuc bien ap dung md hinh KCNST trong thyc te. Khdng phai tat ca cac KCN deu ap dung thanh cdng md hinh KCNST bdi moi mdt KCN tai mot viing dia ly.
tai mdt nudc lai cd nhiing dac diem khac nhau ve van hda, dac thii mdi trudng san xuat kinh doanh, luat phap, co cau nganh, ca cau lao ddng, tinh cap thiet phai bao ve mdi trudng va lpi ich ciia xa hpi... Do dd, khd cd the sao chep mdt md hinh KCNST tai khu vuc nay, nudc nay de ap dung cho khu vyc khac, nudc khac va cang khd ban de dua ra nhung diiu kien chung de ap dyng md binh KCNST mdt each thanh cdng tai tat ca cac nudc, cac khu vuc va cac dieu kien khac nhau.
Tuy nhien, mdt sd nghien cim (Martin va cdng sy, 1996; Heeres va cpng su, 2004;
78 P H A T TRIEN B E N VO-NG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, S 6 2 (6/2019)
Nguyin Birc Long Phat trien mo hinh...
Saikku, 2006; Sharma, 2007; Park va cdng sy, 2015; Valentine, 2016; UNIDO, 2017; Nguyen Dinh Chiic, 2017), dya vao kinh nghiem thyc t i khi hien khai md hinh nay, da cd gang dua ra mdt vai dieu kien co ban de tang kha nang thanh cdng khi xay dyng va chuyen ddi sang md hinh KCNST. Tdng hgp lai, cd the nit ra cac yeu td bao gdm:
(1) Chien luge va tam nhin cua don vi phat triin KCN.
(2) Quy hoach KCN.
(3) Vi tri va miic dp hoan thien ve ca sd ha tang cua KCN la lgi the trong viec thu hiit, tang chat lugng vdn dau tu va lya chpn doanh nghiep phii hgp vdi md binh KCNST.
(4) Cau triic nganh ben trong KCN.
(5) Y thiic cua cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN ve trach nhiem vdi mdi trudng va xa hdi.
(6) Su sSn sang tham gia cita cae ben lien quan nhu doanh nghiep, cac co quan quan ly, cpng ddng, cac co sd dao tao, dpi ngu chuyen gia, td chiic phi lgi nhuan...
(7) Sy san cd ve thdng tin boat dpng ciia cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN.
(8) Sy tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN vao he thdng tai che cdng ngbiep, chudi cung img ben trong KCN.
(9) Kha nang ciia cac doanh nghiep ben tiong KCN thyc hien cac giai phap san xuat xanh - sach.
(10) Tiem nang sinh thai ben trong KCN va tinh kha thi ve mat ky thuat.
(11) Kha nang thyc thi va giam sat cac van de lien quan den tuan thu cac quy dinh ve mdi trudng va xa hpi.
2. K i n h nghiem quoc te trong viec ap d u n g md hinh k h u cong nghiep sinh thai
2.1. Chwang trinh phdt trien khu cong nghiep sinh thdi qudc gia cua Hdn Quoc
Kinh nghiem ciia Han Qudc teong phat teien md hinh KCNST dugc neu rd teong nghien ciiu ciia Park va cdng su (2015) va Kim (2017). Nhirng thay ddi ve mat chinh sach va luat phap theo hudng thiic day phat trien ben viing la nen tang de, nam 2003, Tnmg tam san xuat sach ban qudc gia (KNCPC) - mdt vien cita chinh phu dugc lap ra de hd trg doanh nghiep vira va nhd, bat dau chucmg trinh KCNST. Nam 2006, KNCPC dugc thay t h i bdi Tap doan cdng nghiep Han Qudc (KICOX)
CO quan ciia cbinb pbu quan ly cac khu cdng nghiep phirc bgp ciia toan qudc gia. Chuang trinh khu cdng nghiep sinh thai Han Qudc dua ra ke hoach phat trien chia lam ba giai doan teong 15 nam, cd myc tieu rd rang, bao gdm thit nghiem, md rdng va hoan thien dya tren nguyen tac true banb xe va nan hoa (hub-and- spoke).
De tang cudng hieu qua trien khai chuang teinh KCNST, Han Qudc da xay dung cau tnic quan ly va thuc hien theo each tiep can tir tren xudng (Top-down) va tir dudi len (Bottom-up) de tao siic khuyen khich doanh nghiep tham gia. Co che quan ly chuong trinh KCNST theo cac tiep can tii Bd Thuong mai, Cdng nghiep va Mdi trudng (MOTTE) din KTCOX va d i n cac trung tam KNCST viing. Co che quan ly theo nguyen tac tir teen xudng cho phep phan chia teach nhiem ro rang hon va budc cac ca quan quan ly phai tham gia vao nhieu khau teong du an va danh gia hieu qua du an mdt each cd kiem soat theo nhieu cap khac nhau.
Sy rang budc giua cac chu the quan ly cung giiip tang tinh lien ket, chia se va phdi hgp trong khi van dam bao giam bdt tinb phiic tap ve thii tuc khi doanh nghiep chi phai lam viec vdi ba chu the chinh la trung tam cac khu cdng nghiep vung va KICOX thay vi phai lien he vdi nhieu co quan chiic nang khac nhau (Hinh 2).
PHAT T R I E N B E N V O N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 2 (6/2019) 79
NGHIEN CO'U THU'C NGHlEM - KINH NGHIgM
Hinh 2: CO CAU QUAN LY CHUONG TRINH KHU CONG NGHIEP SINH THAI CUA HAN QUOC
- Thiet lap ctiinh sach vS KCNST.
- Thiic thi chinh sach v^ KCNST.
- Cungcaphoticve taichinh.
Bo TliiMmg mil, Cong nghiep r:
Moi tmong (MOITI)
-QuanlycacKCNST - Quy hoach - Qua niy n ^ n sach.
-QuanlycactiungtamKCNSTkhu\i - Thiet lap Uy ban danh ^
- Tien hardi £QI toanKCNST.
Tip doan cong nghi^ Han Qooc (KICOX)
- Xay dung quy hoach khu vitc -Phatthenduan.
- To chtic hgi thao va thiet lap tJy ban tu vankhuvTK.
- Banh ^ qui tiinh thirc hien du an.
- Giam sat.
Uy bin dinh gU
-ChidinhKCNST.
-Danh gadff an KCNST - Dardi ^ cac tmng tam KCNST khu
-Xem nitcacvandecotloi
Tnmg tim KCNST IdiOTiic
- Tu van cho cac dir an.
-Hd tfo cachoat dgi^cua hoi thio - Ho bo cac boat cBng ctia van fhong khu-vnc
Ngudn: Park vd cpng su (2015).
Ca che thyc hien cac dy an cdng sinh cdng nghiep ben teong cac du an chuyen ddi md binh KCNST dugc thyc hien theo nguyen tac tir teen xudng va tir dudi len. Theo dd, ve khia canh ky thuat va thii tuc, cac du an nay nhan dugc su hd trp tir hai phia la trung tam KCNST vimg va cac tmdng dai hpc, vien nghien cim, cdng ty tu van thdng qua iiy ban tu van khu vyc. Ve khia canh hd trg tai chinh, cac dy an nay, sau khi dugc de teinh len KICOX va dugc Uy ban danh gia phe duyet dua theo tinh kha thi, se dugc KICOX lay ngudn ngan sach tir MOTIE de tai trg tir 33- 75%, chinh quyen dia phuang cho tai teg tir
10- 25% chi phi R&D. Doanh nghiep cd dy an chi phai iing ra 10% lam vdn ddi img. Neu du
an thanh cdng va dugc thuang mai hda, doanh nghiep chi tra phi cdng nghe tuong img vdi 20-40% vdn tai trg ma nha nudc da bd ra va dugc tra gdp trong vdng 5 nam (Hinh 4). Nhd CO che nay, nha nudc da chia se ganh nang ve chi phi va nii ro tii' qua teinh thir nghiem cac mdi quan he cdng sinh giiia cac doanh nghiep d giai doan ban dau. Cac dy an, do dd, da thu hiit dau tu tdt hon d giai doan sau, khi nhiing lgi ich ve kinh te va mdi trudng da ted nen ro rang hon ddi vdi cac nha dau tu. Ben canh do, cac du an trien khai cung nhan dugc cac ngudn hd trg khac tir phia Chinh phu Han Qudc. Vi du, cac dy an lien quan den nudc hoac nang lugng cd the dugc tai trg thdng qua chuong teinh Cdng ty tiet kiem nudc (WASCO) va
80 P H A T T R I E N B E N V O - N G V G N G Q U Y E N 9, S 6 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen Due Long Phat trien mS hinh...
Cdng ty dich vu nang lugng (ESCO). Cac dy an dhi tu xay dung co sd ha tang cd the nhan dugc hd teg tir Quy bao lanh tin dung co sd ha tang (KICGF) va nhiiu co chi tai trg du an DSi tac cdng tu (PPP). Bd Kinh te tei thiic van hanh Quy chat lupng dieu kien lam viec tao diiu kien thuan lgi de khuyen khich khu vuc
mnh 3: QUA TRINH THUC HIEN DU" AN CUA CHUONG TRINH KHU CONG NGHIEP SINH THAI CUA H A N QUOC
tu nhan tham gia vao dau tu cho co sd ha tang KCN. Chinh phu Han Qudc ciing cd cac chuong trinh tai chinh khac de hd trg cho doanh nghiep vira va nhd de khuyen khich ddi tugng nay dau tu vao cac ha tang san xuat tiet kiem nang lugng hoac giam lugng khi thai nha kinh.
Bo Thnffngmmi,CSngnghi^ ra MSitneo^g
PKcongn^ie (20^0%taitroban^ticmdiinhphi)
Tnmg tam KCNST Urn xuc TSp doan cSi^ nghi^ Hin QnSc
^ C O X )
Hottoas
xuat
H ^ dong ^ n h ^ (Ltta chon dn an nhan dugc tai tro)
Taitro33-75%
chi pill R&D
Diran c^ng sinh cong n g U ^ a chan dira tren tinh Uii
tJngTiSndwan Tai trg 10-25%
chi phi R&D
Dam phan chia se hn nhuan
Tmong dai hoc, Viea nghien cwi^
Cong tjtiF Tin Chinh q n v ^ dia phucAig
CD
Hoat dong Dong chay tai cMnh
Ngudn: Park vd cpng su (2015).
Di thu hilt sy tham gia ciia cac ben dac biet la dii tugng doanh nghiep, KICOX td chiic cac hdi thao, hdi nghi va thao luan nhdm de chia se kiin thiic, ky nang va kinh nghiem triin khai du an. Nhd thanh cdng ban dhu cua cac du an nhan dugc tai trg tir chinh phu cung vdi cac chuang trinh phd bien thdng tin, cac doanh nghiep tu nhan ngay cang quan tam den chuang trinh KCNST nhiiu hon. Cac dpi ngii chuyen gia tu van cho cac dy an la dpi ngy
quan ly, nhan vien ky thuat ve huu, giao su cd kinh nghiem lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep.
Do dd, hieu qua tu van cao va de thuyet phuc dugc doanh nghiep tham gia dy an.De xay dung be thdng thdng tin cho boat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep, KICOX da dau tu vao he thdng CO sd dir lieu ve thdng tin doanh nghiep cap nhat lien tuc tien website www.eip.or.kr.
Luat chuyen ddi sang cau trite cdng nghiep than thien vdi mdi trudng dugc sita lai nam
PHAT T R I E N B E N VlJNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, S(!) 2 (6/2019) 81
N G H I E N CCrU THU'C N G H I D M - K I N H NGHIgW
2006 de tao khung phap ly cbo Trung tam KCNST vung boat ddng. Cu the, nd teao quyen cho cac trung tam nay tdng hgp sd lieu thdng ke can thiet tii cac co quan quan ly tir cap tnmg uong den dia phuang va thdng qua cac chuyen vieng tham, khao sat. Nam 2009, dao luat nha may va cum cdng nghiep da cho phep cac nganh cdng nghiep mdi trudng xir ly va tai che cac san pham phy va nhiet du thira dugc dat trong KCN. Luat kiem soat chat thai ban che kha nang six dung cac loai chat thai dac biet la chat thai nguy hai, da dugc bai bd thdng qua su phdi hgp va thao luan giiia KICOX va MOE.
2.2. Khu cdng nghiep sinh thdi Ulsan, Hdn Qudc
Kinh nghiem ciia phat trien md hinh KCNST tai KCN Ulsan, Han Qudc da dugc neu trong nghien cim cita Park va cdng sy (2008) va Benedetti (2017). KCNST Ulsan la mdt trong sau khu cdng nghiep dupe chuyen ddi trong chuang trinh KCNST qudc gia cua Han Qudc. Dugc thanh lap nam 1962, Ulsan da nhanh chdng md rdng trd thanh mdt tiong nhiing KCN cd quy md ldn nhat Han Qudc, noi tap hnng nhieu doanb nghiep ldn boat ddng chu yeu trong cac ITnh vyc nhu hda dau,
td. Song song vdi su phat trien cita KCN Ulsan, tac ddng mdi trudng do hoat ddng san xuat cdng nghiep gay ra ngay cang nghiem tegng. Thanh phd Ulsan noi KCN Ulsan dugc thanh lap dugc coi la noi luu trii chat thai va la thanh phd d nhiem nhat cua ca nudc. Tai thdi diem thanh lap KCN Ulsan, chinh pbu Han Qudc chi cung cap cac hudng dan, hd teg lien quan den phat teien cdng nghiep, vdn dugc coi la ddng lyc than ky cho thanh tyu kinh te cila Han Qudc. Do dd, khia canh mdi trudng da bi bd ra ngoai le.
KCNST Ulsan dugc hinh thanh tir nen tang nhan td ddng vai trd trung tam vdi he thdng cung cap dien, hoi va nudc mang tinh tap trung. Ben canh dd, ciing vdi sy thay ddi teong cbinb sach phat trien theo hudng ben viing ban cita Cbinb phu Han Qudc, cac quy dinh Uen quan den kiem soat va phdng ngira d nhiem mdi trudng ngay cang trd nen chat che ban budc cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN Ulsan phai thay ddi de tbicb ngbi vdi mdi trudng kinh doanh mdi. Mpt sd mdi quan he cdng sinh xuat hien giira cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN da bat dau xuat hien. Mdi quan he nay mang tinh ty phat va chi la cac cap quan he thay vi hinh thanh nen mdt mang ludi cdng san xuat kim loai mau, dong tau va lap rap 6 ^'"^ ^ " 8 "gl^i^P (B^g 1).
Bang 1: MOI QUAN HE C O N G SINH TRUdC KHI KHU CONG NGHIEP ULSAN CHUYEN SANG MO HINH KHU CONG NGHIEP SINH THAI
Chat thai trao ddi Nudc
Hoi Hoi Tai che Kem Tai che Ddng Hai thai Khi Gas Khi Methanol
Ben cho SK Corp.
Koentec SK Corp.
LS-Nikko Koreazinc LS-Nikko Y-WWT Samsung
Ben nhan Koentec SK Corp.
Ulsan Pacific Taeyoung Ind Corp Koreazinc LS-Nikko Hankuk Paper SK Chemical
0-WWT Nguon: Park vd cong su (2008).
82 PHAT TRltN BEN VCfNG VUNG Q U Y S N 9, S6 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen Bih: Long Ph&t trien m6 blnb...
Sau giai phat triin ty phat, KCN Ulsan bat dau nhan dugc nhung ho trg tir chuang trinh KCNST qudc gia cua Han Qudc. Mdt ke hoach hanh ddng cy the keo dai 5 nam da dugc vach ra de chuyen ddi KCN Ulsan sang md hinh KCNST Theo ke hoach nay sd lugng dy an sinh thai ben teong KCN se tang tir 39 (nam thii nhat) len 56 (nam tbii 5), chu yeu tap trung vao tai che nudc thai va loi ich kinh te sau 5
hoat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep (Hmh 4). De xay dung dugc ke hoach nay, mgt ban do sinh thai day dii cua KCN Ulsan dugc xay dung dua tren nen tang cac mdi quan he cdng sinh san cd, bd sung them cac mdi quan he va nhan td mdi de hinh thanh mang ludi cpng sinh teen toan bd KCN. Ndi each khac, cac giai doan tien hda cua mang ludi cdng sinh cdng nghiep nay di lien vdi sd lugng dy an sinh thai dugc trien khai teong 5 nam.
nam thyc hien dy kien khoang 40 trieu Won tu
Hinh 4: DU" KIEN SO LUONG DU" A N SINH THAI TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYEN DOI KHU CONG NGHIEP ULSAN
Nam 1 Nam 2 Nam 3 Nam 4 n N u d c m chat thai Ci Nang lugng • Khac
Ngudn: Park vd eong su (2008).
Ben canh mpt ke hoach chi tiet, KCN Ulsan cdn nhan dupe sy trg giiip tir cac ben lien quan khac nhu cac doanh nghiep ben teong, KICOX, chinh quyen thanh phd, cac td chirc phi chinh phu dia phucmg va khu vyc, dpi ngu chuyen gia den tir cac vien va trudng dai hpc... Day la nhiing ngudn hd teg ca ve mat chinh sach, uu dai tai chinh lan ky thuat de tang tinh kha thi ciia cac du an sinh thai.
Nhiing nhan td ddng vai ted trung tam cd mdt mang ludi cdng sinh dii manh de lan tda ra toan bd KCN, trong khi do, cac he thdng quan ly ben trong mdi doanh nghiep dugc nang cap de dap ling cac tieu chuan sinh thai nhu ISO
9001, IS 140001. KCN Ulsan ciing nam canh thanh phd Kyeongju la nai dugc UNESCO cdng nhan la di san van hda the gidi va chinh quyen dia phuang dua ra md hinh "Eco-polis Ulsan" va quy hoach tdng the de bien Ulsan thanh mpt thanh phd xanh. Trong bdi canh do, siic ep ve mat xa hdi budc KCN Ulsan phai chuyen ddi sang mo hinh KCNST rdt ldn. Mac dii, tdi thdi diem hien tai chua cd nhiing thing ke ve nhiing ket qua ma KCNST Ulsan mang lai cung nhu dy an KCNST qudc gia cua Han Qudc van chua ket thiic, each thuc triin khai md hinh KCNST Ulsan rat hiiu ich ddi vdi Viet Nam.
P H A T T R I E N B E N V U ' N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, so 2 (6/2019) 83
NGHIEN CO'U THl/C NGHIEM - KINH NGHI$M
3. Danh gia kha nang ap dying md hinh khu cfing nghiep sinh thai cua khu cong nghiep Long Binh
3.1. Gdc dp qudn ly theo mo hinh khu cdng nghiep sinh thdi
Qua qua trinh phdng van cac chu the teong KCN Long Binh, cd thi tb4y mdi quan be giiia cac chii the ma cu the la cac doanh nghiep ben teong, cdng ty phat trien ha tang KCN (Loteco), Ban Quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai va cac ca quan chiic nang khac nhu Sd Cdng thuang, Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, Sd Lao ddng va Thuang binh Xa hdi, canh sat Mdi trudng, canh sat Phdng chay chiia chay.
Cue An toan ve sinh thuc pham... cbii yeu
chat che vdi nhau. Ben canh dd, KCN Long Binh vin xuSt hien tinh teang nhieu doan thanh tea, kiem tea cita cac co quan quan ly khac nhau dSn thanh tea, kiim tea doanh nghi$p (Hinh 5). Ban Quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai cd ky CO che phdi hgp vdi cac ca quan chiic nang de ket hgp nhieu doan thanh tea cimg di vdi nhau hoac Idng ghep cac ndi dung thanh tea de giam bdt phien ha cho doanb nghiep.
Tuy nhien, do phai quan ly nhieu KCN khac nhau. Ban Quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai khdng thyc su theo sat dugc qua trinh thanh tea, kiem tea cua cac ca quan chiic nang dan den mdt sd trudng hgp van cd doan kiem tea den doanh nghiep ma khdng thdng qua Ban Quan ly.
mang tinh hanh chinh ma chua cd sy gan ket
Hinh 5: SO DO QUY HOACH KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH
Sd Cong Thuong. So INMT, SdLD&TBXH, canh sat MT, cash sat
PCCC...
kiem tea
/
Cung cap thong tin, lap bao cao
UBND tinh
T i
Ban quan ly KCN ttnh Ddng Nai Cong ty ha ting
t i
Lotem
/ ^
N
'
Cac DN trong KCN Lon l Binh
Quan ly va phan hoi doanh nghiep Cung cap dien, nudc, nung, xii l y n u ^ t h a i
Ngudn: Khdo sdt cita tdc gid tgi KCN Long Loteco, mac dii la don vi quan ly va chiu trach nbiem tryc tiep ve KCN Long Binh, lai cd rat it quyen ban kbi van hanh KCN. Theo do, Loteco chi cd the cung cap cac dich vu dung chung nhu dien, nudc, xir ly nudc thaiva chiu trach nhiem ve ha tang ben ngoai khudn vien cita doanh nghiep. Mac dii vay, Loteco ludn cd gang tao dieu kien thuan lgi nhat de
Binh (2017).
doanh nghiep hoat dpng vi su dn dinh cua doanh nghiep gan lien vdi doanh thu tir tien thue dat ma Loteco thu ve. Khao sat mdt so doanh nghiep ben teong KCN cho th4y hku het cac doanh nghiep deu hai Idng vdi chat lugng dich vu va co sd ha tang ma Loteco cung cap.
Cac su cd ve dien, ngap iing, tai nan giao thdng, chay nd... deu dugc Loteco khic phuc kip thdi de han che tdi da anh hudng din
84 PHAT T R I E N B E N V O N G VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen Birc Long Phit trien mo hinh...
doanh nghiep. BSn canh dd, Loteco ciing rat chii ddng trong viec phd bien nhiing van ban phap luat, quy dinh mdi de cap nhat cho doanh nghiep.
KCN Long Binh hien tai chua cd he thdng hay CO che trao ddi thdng tin giiia doanh nghiep va Loteco de lam can cii xay dyng he ca sd dij lieu khi chuyen ddi md hinh KCNST.
Ben canh dd, KCN ciing chua hinh thanh cac hiep hdi doanb nghiep nbu hiep hdi doanh nghiep Nhat Ban, Dai Loan, Han Qudc de chia se cac thdng tin ve lao dpng, mdi trudng kinh doanh...tao dieu kien co ban de hinh thanh he thdng CO sd dir lieu. KCN Long Binh cung chua cd mdt chien luge phat trien cy the. Muc tieu duy nhat hien tai ehi la la duy tei ty le lap day de thu ve lgi nhuan va ban che anh budng den cpng ddng xung quanh. Day cung dugc COI la diem yeu ciia cac don vi phat teien KCN tu nhan chi nham tdi lgi nhuan trudc mat ma khong cd tam nhin dai ban.
3.2. Gdc dp kink te theo md hinh khu cdng nghiep sinh thdi
Theo sd lieu do Loteco cung cap, tinh den thang 06/2017, tdng vdn dau tu dang ky cua cac doanh nghiep tai KCN Long Binh dat 591,8 trieu USD va tdng vdn dau tu thuc hien dat 489,3 trieu USD. Trong do, cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai chiem ty le gSn nhu tiiyet ddi (tren 99%) trong co cau vdn dau tu cua KCN. Tdng doanh thu cua cac doanh nghiep FDI dat 339 teieu USD, trong dd, kim ngach xuat khau va nhap khau lan lugt dat 172 USD va 157 trieu USD. Nop ngan sach nha nudc ciia KCN Long Binh dat 35 trieu USD. Nhu vay, khi phan tich dac diem kinh ti cd thi thay da phan cac doanh nghiep teong KCN Long Binh la cac doanh nghiep FDI va nguon nguyen lieu chu yeu duoc nhap kh4u di san xuat sau do xuat khau ra thi trudng nudc ngoai.
v i vkn di lao ddng, KCN Long Binh hien cd 20.819 lao ddng, trong dd lao ddng nam chiem ty le 31% va lao ddng nii chiem ty le 69%, lao ddng nudc ngoai chiem ty le 1 % (chit yeu la dpi ngii quan ly, chuyen gia va cbii cdng ty) va lao ddng teong nudc chiem ty le 99%.
Thu nhap binh quan lao ddng teong KCN dat 4,5 trieu ddng/ngudi/thang, cao ban thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi ciia tinh Ddng Nai (4,3 trieu ddng/ngudi/thang - 2016) nhung lai chi d mitc trung binh khi so mat bang trung cac khu cdng nghiep.
Ve CO cau doanh ngbiep, KCN Long Binh da dat ty le lap day 100% vdi khoang 50 doanh nghiep boat ddng. Hau het cac doanh ngbiep teong KCN deu la doanh nghiep FDI chit yeu din tir Han Qudc (chiem ty le 44%), Nhat Ban (chiem ty le 30%), Dai Loan (chiem ty le 12%). Khi phan tich co cau doanh nghiep dua theo nganh nghe, cd the thay cac KCN Long Binh cd sy tap trung kha cao vdi cac nganh chit yeu nhu: (1) may mac, det nhudm, da giay (chiem ty le 28%); (2) co khi (chiem ty le 28%); (3) hda chk (chiem ty le 12%i); (4) san pham nhya (chiem ty le 10%); (5) dien hi (chiem ty le 8%); (6) thyc pham (chiem ty le 6%) (Hinh 6). Ve mat ly thuyet, su da dang nganh nghe se da dang hda kha nang cdng sinh cdng nghiep do cac doanh nghiep hoat ddng tren nhieu linh vuc khac nhau se ddng nghia vdi nhieu co hdi sinh thai ban dugc tao ra. Tuy nhien, mot co cau tap trung nganh nghe cao cdn quan trgng hon vi nd giiip duy tri mdi quan he cdng sinh dugc ben chat do lugng chat thai, nudc thai, nguyen vat lieu dau vao, ca sd ha tang cd the dugc sir dung de dung chung dii ldn de cac doanh nghiep van hanh qua trinh cdng sinh mdt each dn djnh. Do dd, day la mdt diem khac biet cita KCN Long Binh vdi cac KCN khac va la mdt dieu kien thuan lgi de KCN nay chuyen ddi sang md hinh KCNST.
P H A T T R I E N B E N V O - N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 2 (6/2019) 85
NGHIEN CCfU THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHlEM
Hinh 6: CO CAU DOANH NGHIEP TRONG KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH Theo qudc gia Theo nganh nghe
DHan Quoc nXhatBaii 0Dai Loan HNOI dia aKhac
n M a y m a c , detnhu6ni.dagiay PCCT khi
0 H 6 a chat H S a n p h i n n h i r i BDientir DThircphim
• K h a c
Ngudn: Khdo sdt ciia tdc gid tgi KCN Long Binh (2017).
Dac diem cac doanh nghiep da cho tb^y KCN Long Binh chju su chi phoi ciia cac doanh nghiep ve tmh tham gia cac chudi cung irng trong va ngoai nudc. Cac doanh nghiep nay chii yeu la cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai boat ddng trong cac ITnh vyc tham dung lao ddng nhu may mac, det nhudm, da giay va dien tir. Nhiing dac diem nay da dugc phan anh rd net qua ca cau va thu nhap cua ngudi lao ddng da neu d teen. Ngoai ra, do tham gia vao chudi cung img toan cau, cac doanh nghiep trong KCN Long Binh buoc phai teian thu cac tieu chuan ve san xuat, quan ly chat lugng mdi trudng va trach nhiem xa hpi mang tinh qudc te ma doanh nghiep chi phdi chuoi dat ra de dugc tham gia vao chuoi. KCN Long Binh ciing tham gia vao qua trinh tai chi chSt thai do cd mdt sd doanh nghiep tai che niim trong KCN.
3.3. Gdc dp mdi trwdng theo md hinh khu cdng nghiep sinh thdi
Theo bao cao ciia Trung tam Cdng nghe va Quan ly mdi trudng (2017), hau hit cac chi s6 ve mdi trudng tai thdi diem quan teic nhu khdng khi, nudc thai, bun thai, cb4t thai rJn, nudc ngam, nudc mat va ty le cay xanh deu dudi tieu chuan cho phep theo quy dinh'. Dieu nay cho thay cac doanh nghiep deu tuan thu day du cac quy dinh ve mdi trudng ciia Viet Nam ciing nhu cd y thirc bao ve mdi trudng, tranh gay ra nhirng su cd anb hudng din cdng
Theo Quy chuan xay dung Viet Nam (2008), ty le d§t trong cay xanh trong cac 16 dat xay dung ben trong cac nha may phai dat toi thieu 20%. Theo Tieu chuin quoc gia v^ quy hoach cay xanh su dung han c h i va chuyen diing trong do thi - tieu chuin thiSt kk, chi tieu cay xanh trong KCN noi chung phai dat tir 2- 6m^/nguai
86 PHAT T R I E N B E N VCfNG V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o 2 (6/2019)
Nguyin Bu-c Long Phit trien mo hinh...
ddng xung quarih. Ben canh dd, Loteco cung dua ra nhirng quy dinh nghiem ngat ve quan ly mdi trudng nhu; buoc 100% cac doanh nghiep phai dau ndi tryc tiep nudc thai vdi nha may xir ly nudc thai tap trung (NMXLNTTT) (teong mdt sd trudng hpp, theo quy dinh ciia Viet Nam, neu doanh nghiep ty xir ly nudc thai dat loai A cd the xa tryc tiep ra mdi trudng nhung Loteco da khdng thyc hien quy dinh nay de dam bao kiem soat tot hon chat lugng nudc thai cita toan KCN); trudng hgp mac sai pham, can cii theo sd lan va mice dp nghiem trpng, doanh nghiep se bi khda van xa thai budc doanh nghiep phai xu' ly ngay su vi pham neu khdng mudn ngimg boat dpng. Tuy dua ra quy dinh nghiem ngat nhung Loteco ciing rat linh boat khi dua ra gidi ban nudc thai cho phep cd chi sd COD^^500 cao ban nhieu so vdi QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (COD-150), de giam bdt chi phi dau tu cho he thdng xir ly nudc thai so bd tai nhdm cac doanh ngbiep cd ngudn nudc thai cd miic dp ddc hai cao nhu det may va ca khi. Loteco ty tien hanh dau tu nang cap NMXLNTTT de du kha nang xii ly ngudn nudc thai dau vao cd miic dp ddc hai cao va ap dung ISO 140001 de chuan hda qua trinh quan ly nudc thai. Nhd ca che nay, Loteco van giii duoc mdi quan he ben chat vdi cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN va thiic day doanh nghiep nang cao y thuc bao ve mdi trudng mdt each hieu qua. Ban than cac doanb nghiep ben trong KCN Long Binh cung nhan thiic dugc rd tam quan trong cua bao ve mdi trudng den kha nang tham gia vao chudi cung ling toan cau, tuan thii phap luat Viet Nam va tdn tai mdt each bai hda vdi cdng ddng dan cu xung quanh.
Ben canh dd, bao cao cua Trung tam Cdng nghe va Quan ly mdi trudng (2017) ciing chi
ra nhieu co hdi sinh thai trong KCN Long Binh. Cu thi, cd 17/50 doanh nghiep cd sir dung Id hoi trong qua trinh san xuat. Cac doanh ngbiep nay thay vi ty xay dung Id bai rieng le cd the lien ket vdi nhau de xay dyng he thdng Id hai dimg chung tir dd dua ra cac giai phap de thu hdi lugng hoi phat thai de tai sir dung. Hoac d quy md ldn hon, Loteco cd the dau tu them he thdng Id hai diing chung cho toan bd KCN. Ngoai ra, dya teen co cau doanh nghiep mang tinb tap trung cao, nhdm cac doanh nghiep chinh trong KCN Long Binh nhu det may va ca khi cd the chia se cac ba tang diing chung nhu nguyen vat lieu du thira, tan dung phe pham va hoi thira cua nhau, chia se nha kho va lien ket chat che vdi nhau de tdi uu hda san xuat giiip tiet kiem chi phi va giam phat thai. Nhdm cac doanh nghiep cd nhieu boat ddng san xuat tuong ddng nhung lai khdng phai ddi thii canh tranh tryc tiep nen kha nang chia se de xay ra ban. Ca cau chat thai ciia KCN Long Binh pban anh rd rang han CO hpi cdng sinh tir lugng phe pham dupe tao ra do sy tuong ddng ve nganh nghe (Hinh 7).
Hinh 7: CO CAU CHAT THAI TAI KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH
COD (Chemical Oxygen Deman - nhu cau oxy hoa hpc) la luong oxy can thiet de oxy hoa cac hop chat hoa hpc trong nuoc bao gom ca vo co va hiru co.
J giay • Co thi S San pham nhiia
Nguon: Trung tdm Cong nghe vd Qudn ly moi tru&ng (2017).
PHAT T R I E N B E N V & N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 2 (6/2019)
NGHIEN CU'U THU'C NGHlEM - KINH NGHIgM
Theo Loteco, KCN Long Binh da cd boat dgng cdng sinh nudc thai khi 20% lugng nudc thai sau xir ly dugc cung cap trd lai cho cac doanh nghiep va 15% lugng nudc thai sau xir ly dugc tai sir dung cho boat dpng ve sinh KCN va phdng chay chiia chay.
Nhu chu su dung cac ba tang xa hdi tai KCN Long Binh rit cao do cac doanh nghiep ben teong KCN Long Binh boat ddng teong cac nganh tham dung lao ddng va lao ddng nii chiim ty le cao (69%). Tuy nhien, qua qua teinh khao sat, ngoai khu hai quan, hau bet cac ha ting xa hdi phuc vy cho sinh hoat cita ngudi lao ddng ben teong KCN nbu nha d xa hdi, nha tee, trudng hgc, tram y te, cang tin, khu vui choi, nha van hda... chua dupe xay dyng. Loteco khi xay dyng ha tang cho KCN chi quan tam den doanh nghiep ma chua quan tam den ddi song cua ngudi lao ddng. Day se la dieu kien khd khan cho KCN Long Binh khi chuyin ddi sang md hinh KCNST do phai dau tu them nhimg khoan tien ldn cho ha tang xa hdi. Hon niia, cac doanh nghiep phat trien ha tang tu nhan nhu Loteco khdng thyc sy man ma dau tu cho ha tang xa hdi do khdng mang lai lgi nhuan hoac lgi nhuan thap. Day la diem khac biet giiia doanh nghiep phat trien ha tang cd ngudn gdc tu nhan va nha nudc,
Ve mdi quan he vdi vdi cdng ddng xa hpi
tham gia vao cac boat ddng chung ciia dia phuang nhu: ddng gdp vao quy khuyen hpc, xay nha tinh ngbia, giao luu the thao vdi Ban Quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai va canh sat PCCC khu vyc. Nhin chung day chi la nhiing boat ddng dan thuan mang tinh xa giao ma chua di vao thyc chat de KCN Long Binh la mgt phin khdng the thieu trong he sinh thai dia phuang. Uu diem duy nhat cua KCN Long Binh vi mat xa hdi dd la KCN khdng gay ra cac sy cd mdi trudng tao nen tao thien cam teong mit ngudi dan ciing nhu chinh quyen dia phuang.
3.4. Gdc dp chinh sdch, quy dinh theo mo hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thdi
v i mat ly thuyit, yeu td quy dinh, chinh sach thudng ted thanh rao can cho qua trinh cdng sinh cdng nghiep. He thdng luat phap thudng nghiem cam hoac ban che cac doanh nghiep teao ddi, chat thai, nudc thai va phe pham cho nhau, dac biet la cac loai chat thai nguy hai. Cac co quan quan ly thudng khdng khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tham gia chia se ba tang dung chung do khd quan ly, thanh tra, kiem tea va anh hudng den tinh minh bach trong ket qua kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep. Qua phdng van sau vdi mdt sd doanh nghiep ben trong KCN Long Binh va Loteco, mdt sd rao can luat phap da dugc phan anh nhu sau:
va cac KCN xung quanh, KCN Long Binh
Bang 2: M Q T SO QUY DINH PHAP LUAT CAN TRCi HOAT D Q N G C Q N G SINH CONG NGHIEP
Van ban phap luat Nghi dinh sd 38/2bl5/ND-CPvi quan ly chat thai va phe lieu
Ndi dung Chuang 11: Quan ly chat thai nguy hai Dieu 6. Dang ky chii ngudn thai chat thai nguy hai
3. Thii tuc ngudn chat thai nguy hai dugc tich hgp vdi viec dang ky cac phuong an tai sir dung hoac sa che, tai che, xu ly, ddng xir
Nhan xet Nhirng quy dinh nay khdng cho phep cac doanh nghiep cdng sinh vdi nhau do budc qua teinh tai che, tai sir dung chat thai phai diln ra trong khudn vien doanh
PHAT TRIfeN BfiN VlJNG V D N G QUYfeN 9, SO 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen Due Long Phat triSn mo hinh...
Van ban phap Inat
Thdng tu sd 35/20l5/TT-BCTvi quy dinh bao ve mdi trudng nganh cdng thuang
Thdng tu sd 36/2015/TT- BTNMT ve quan ly chat thai nguy hai
Nghi dinh sd 18/20l5/ND-CPquy dinh ve quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng, danh gia moi trudng chien luge, danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng va ke hoach bao ve mdi trudng
Ndi dung
ly, thu hdi nang lugng tir chit thai nguy hai dat quy chuan ky thuat mdi trudng teong khudn vien ca sd phat sinh chit thai.
Chuang IV: Quan ly chit thai rin cdng nghiep thdng thudng
Dieu 30. Trach nhiem ciia chu ngudn chdt thai ran cdng nghiep thdng thudng 2. Tai sit dyng, so ehe, tai chi, xir ly, ddng xir ly, thu hdi nang lugng hoac ky hgp ddng chuyen giao cho cac dan vi cd chirc nang van chuyen, xir ly chat thai ran cdng nghiep thdng thudng.
Chuong IV: Bao ve mdi trudng trong hoat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh
Dieu 11. Cac quy dinh bao ve mdi trudng chung cua ca sd san xuat, kinh doanh 3. Thyc bien phan loai va quan ly chat thai ran sinh boat, chat thai ran cdng nghiep thdng thudng theo quy djnh tai Nghi dinh sd 38/2015/ND-CP ngay 24 thang 4 nam 2015 cita Chinh phii ve quan ly chat thai va phe lieu. Ky hgp ddng vdi cac dan vi cd chtic nang thu gom, van chuyen va xir ly chat thai ran thdng thudng trong trudng hgp khdng tu xir ly.
Chuong IV: mdt sd trudng hgp dac thit Dieu 25. Tai sir dung chat thai nguy bai Td chiic, ca nhan chi dugc phep tai sir dung chat thai nguy hai phat sinh trong khudn vien CO sd phat sinh chat thai nguy hai ciia minh va phai dang ky trong Sd tay dang ky chu ngudn chat thai nguy hai.
Chuang IV: Danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng Dieu 12. Thuc hien danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng
Diiu 13. Diiu kien ciia td chirc thyc hien danh gia tac dpng mdi trudng
Dieu 14. Tham dinh, phe duyet bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng
2. Thdi han tham dinb bao cao danh gia tac
Nhan xet nghiep va doanh nghiep mudn tiep nhan ngudn chat thai tir doanh nghiep khae phai cd chiic nang van chuyen va xir ly chat thai cdng nghiep.
Quy dinh nay can ted boat dpng cpng sinh cdng nghiep do doanh nghiep khdng the tiep nhan ngudn chat thai tir doanh nghiep khac do khdng cd chiic nang xir ly chat thai.
Quy dinh nay can trd hoat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep do budc doanb ngbiep phai tai sii dung chat thai dac biet la phe pham trong khudn vien doanb nghiep.
Nhiing quy dinh nay can trd boat ddng cdng sinh do doanh nghiep khi cpng sinh vdi nhau se phai lam lai cac bao cao danh gia tac dpng mdi trudng ma boat ddng cdng sinh mang lai. Ben canh dd, ban chat cdng
PHAT TRlfeN BEN V & N G VUNG QUYfeN 9, S6 2 (6/2019) 89
NGHIEN CU-U THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM
Van ban
phap luat Noi dung
dpng mdi trudng quy dinh nbu sau:
a) Khdng qua 45 ngay lam viec k i tir ngay nhan dugc d i y dit hd sa hgp le ddi vdi cac dy an thudc tham quyen td chiic tham dinh ciia Bp Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng.
b) Khdng qua 30 ngay lam viec ke tir ngay nhan dugc day dii bd so hpp le ddi vdi cac du an khdng thudc Diem a Khoan nay.
Dieu 15. Lap bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng
3. Viec lap bao cao danh gia tac dpng mdi trudng, tham dinh va phe duyet lai bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng, tham dinh va phe duyet lai bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng thyc hien theo quy dinh tai cac Dieu 12, Dieu 13 va Dieu 14 Nghi dinh nay.
Nhan xet sinh cdng nghiep va nang cap cdng nghe xanh la cai tien lien tuc de hoan thien. Doanh nghiep se phai sira lai bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi teudng mdi khi boat ddng cpng sinh thay ddi gay tdn kem them ve chi phi, nhan lyc va thai gian.
Nguon: Tong hap cua tde gid (2019).
4. Phan tich SWOT
Dya vao nbirng phan tich neu va bdi canh hien tai, tac gia dua ra md hinh SWOT cho KCN Long Binh nhu sau:
Bang 3: MO HINH SWOT CHO KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH Strength (Diem manh)
- Cd vi tri dia ly thuan lgi.
- Cd CO sd ha tang ca ban phuc vu san xuat hoan thien.
- Loteco va Ban quan ly cac KCN tinh Ddng Nai cd y thirc trong viec duy tei mdi trudng on dinb cbo doanh ngbiep boat ddng.
- Co cau nganh co miic dp tap trung cao.
- Da cd boat ddng tai che nude thai va chat thai d mpt miic dp nhat dinh.
- Cac doanb ngbiep ben cd y thu'c bao ve moi trudng va thyc hien cac giai phap san xuat sach.
- Loteco thuc bien giam sat mdi trudng rat chat che nhung cung rat linh boat.
- Loteco cd mdi quan he tdt vdi cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN Long Binh.
Weakness (Diem yeu) - Khdng thyc hien phan khu chiic nang.
- Ty le lap diy da dat 100%.
- Chua cd CO che teao ddi thdng tin giiia cac doanh nghiep.
- Chua cd chien luge va ke hoach phat teiin KCN.
- Chua xay dyng ha tang xa hdi phyc vu ngudi lao dpng.
- Chua cd mdi quan he chat che vdi cdng ddng dja phuang va cac KCN xung quanh.
90 PHAT TRIEN B^N V O N G VUNG QUYfeN 9, SO 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen BiJc Long Phat trien mo hinh...
Opportunities (Cff hot)
- Cac doanh nghiep ben trong chu yeu la doanh nghiep nudc ngoai va dya vao boat dpng xuat khau.
- Cac doanb nghiep ben cbii yeu la cac doanb nghiep ve tinh tham gia vao chudi cung iing toan cau.
- Cac doanh nghiep ben trong phan ldn thudc cac nganh tham dung lao dpng va cd ty le lao ddng nii cao.
- Cd nhieu co hpi sinh thai va da cd mpt sd boat dpng cpng sinh cong nghiep dien ra.
Threats (Thach thiic) - Cac rao can phap luat can ted cac boat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep.
Ngudn: Tong hop cua tdc gid (2019).
5. Kha nang chuyen doi md hinh khu cong nghiep sinh thai cua cong nghiep Long Bmh
Khi doi chieu nhiing dieu kien chuyen ddi thanh cong sang md hinh KCNST da neu d muc 1 vdi kha nang dap iing cua KCN Long Binh, cd the thay kha nang thanh cdng kha cao
Bang 4: K H A NANG D A P LTNG CAC DIEU KIEN DE CHUYEN DOI SANG MO HINH KHU CONG NGHIEP SINH THAI CUA KHU CONG NGHIEP LONG BINH
khi dap ling 8/11 tieu chi (Bang 4). Mac du cac tieu cbi nay chu yeu cdn mang tinh dinh tinh, day dugc coi la mdt trong nhiing can cir quan trpng de nhan dinh rang KCN Long Binh cd kha nang chuyen sang md hinh KCNST thanh cdng.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Tieu chi Chien luge va tam nhin cua don vi phat trien KCN Quy hoach KCN
Vi tri va muc dp hoan thien ve co so ha tang cua KCN la lgi the trong viec thu hut, tang chat lugng von dau tu va lira chon doanh nghiep phii hap vai mo hinh KCNST
Cau true nganh ben trong KCN
Y thtic eua cae doanh nghiep ben trong KCN ve trach nhiem vol moi trudng va xa hoi
Su s^n sang tham gia cua cae ben lien quan nhu doanh nghiep, cac CO quan quan ly, eong dong, cac eg so dao tao, doi ngu chuyen gia, to chue phi loi nhuan...
Su san CO ve thong tin hoat dpng cua cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN Su tham gia cua eac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN vao he thong tai che eong nghiep, chuoi cung ung ben trong KCN
Kha nang cua eac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN thuc hien cac giai phap san xuat xanh - sach
Ti8m nang sinh thai ben trong KCN
Kha nang thuc thi va giam sat eac van de lien quan den tuan thii cae quy dinh ve moi truong va xa hot
KCN Long Binh X X
•
•
• '
• '
X
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• y y
Ngudn: Tdc gid (2019).
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6. Kit luan va mot s6 gtfi y de chuyen doi khu c6ng nghiep Long Binh sang mo hinh khu cdng nghiep sinh thai
Neu chuyen ddi KCN Long Binh sang md hinh KCNST thanh cdng se la mpt ddng luc de thiic day xanh hda toan bp he sinh thai cdng nghiep cua Viet Nam bdi phan ldn cac KCN tren ca nudc deu da van hanh tu lau va chi dya vao lgi ich kinh te la chinh ma chua tap trung vao van de mdi trudng, xa hdi va phat teien ben vihig. Sau khi phan tich thyc teang KCN Long Binh, cd the thay KCN nay cd rat nhieu net tuang ddng vdi md hinh KCNST Ulsan cita Han Qudc. Dieu dd ed nghTa la neu KCN Ulsan chuyen ddi thanh cdng sang md hinh KCNST thi KCN Long Binh cung cd thi lam dugc. Ben canh dd,danh gia kha nang thanh cdng khi ap dung md hinh KCNST cita KCN Long Binh la rat kha thi. Tuy nhien, thyc ti khao sat KCN Long Binh da bdc Id nhieu rao can ve mat quan ly (co cau quan ly chdng cheo, khdng phan chia rd trach nhiem cu thi, md hinh quan ly ldi thdi) va rao can ve mat chinh sach (cac quy dinh ve mdi trudng hien hanh dang can trd doanh nghiep edng sinh cdng nghiep va tai che chat thai, nudc thai cdng nghiep).
Ddi chiiu phan tich SWOT ciia KCN Long Binh vdi kinh nghiem phat trien KCNST ciia Han Qudc, tac gia de xuat mdt sd ggi y de chuyen ddi KCN Long Binh sang md hinh KCNST nhu sau:
Doi v&i nhd nu&c
- Hoan thien khung quan ly KCN Long Binh: Mac dii hien tai, Bd Ke boach va Diu tu dang la dau mdi quan ly chung cac KCN, cac doanh nghiep ben trong KCN vin phai chiu su chi phdi ciia cac ca quan khac khac nhu Bd Tai Nguyen va Mdi trudng, Bd Xay dung, Bd
Cdng an, Bd Tai ehinh...teong sudt qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh cita minh. Do dd, theo kinh nghiem ciia Han Qudc, cac co quan Trung uang can phai ed chung quan diim, quyet tam va hudng di. Can cd mdt Bp ma cu the d day la Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu chu quan dung ra chiu teach nhiem thyc hien va phdi hgp vdi cac co quan khac de dam bao cd ca che du manh cbo qua teinh chuyen ddi. Tranh hien tugng qua trinh chuyen ddi gap phai rao can tir cac Bd ban nganh khac nhau.
- Thu hiit sy tham gia cua cac chu the cap dia phuang: Nha nudc can bd sung KCN Long Binh vao cac dy an tbi diem phat trien md hinh KCNST di KCN nhan them sy bd teg vi ky thuat va tai chinhtir td chiic phi chinh phu nhu Worldbank, ADB, Jica...ciing cac vien nghien ciiu, cac dgi ngii chuyen gia va chinh quyin dia phuong hd trg KCN Long Binh chuyen doi sang md binh KCNST.
- Hoan thien be thdng quy dinh, luat phap:
Cbinb phu can thay ddi each tiep theo hudng md hon, ndi Idng cac quy dinh ve chat thai cdng nghiep, khuyen khich doanh nghiep cpng sinh cdng nghiep, ban hanh each chinh sach uu dai hoae dua ra dieu kien bit budc vi xay dung cac ha tang xa hdi teong KCN ddi vdi cac don vi ha tang. Chinh phu can xay dung ca che de chinh quyen dia phuong giam sat chat che hoat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep cua cac doanh nghiep ddng thdi vin dam bao cac quy dinh ve luat phap md dudng cho hoat dpng cdng sinh.
Doi v&i dan vi phdt triin hg tdng KCN Long Binh (Loteco)
-Xay dung chien luge va tim nhin cu thi theo hudng xanh va phat teien ben viing.
-Tai sap xep lai cac doanh nghiep ben teong theo nhdm co cau nganh nghi va tiim
92 PHAT TRI^N B £ N VCfNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, S6 2 (6/2019)
Nguyen Birc Long Phat trien mo hinh...
nang cdng sinh de tao dieu kien thuan lgi khuyen khich cac doanh ngbiep tien hanh cac hoat ddng cdng sinh cdng nghiep, bd sung cac doanh nghiep de hoan thien chudi cgng sinh va loai bd cac doanh nghiep khdng phit hgp.
- Xay dyng co che khuyen khich cac doanb nghiep chia se thdng tin vdi nhau ve lao ddng, chat thai, phe pham, eac ba tang co ban phuc vu san xuat.
- Xay dyng co che khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep ben teong KCN tan dyng nhiing c o hdi sinh thai ve chat thai, nudc thai, phy pham, thanh pham va co sd ha ting dung chung.
- Tan dung cac ca hdi sinh thai hien cd.
Doi v&i doanh nghiip bin trong KCN Long Binh
- Xay dung mdi quan he chat che vdi cpng ddng dia phuang va KCN xung quanh.
- Ket ndi tdt ban vdi cac doanh nghiep nam canh cac KCN lan can nhu tham gia vao boat dpng cpng sinh cdng nghiep va chudi cung ling viing.
- Tan dung cac thanh tyu ciia cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 de chia se lan nhau cac cac cdng nghe san xuat xanh - sach.
TM U€u tham khao
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2. Bp Cong thuang (2015). Thong tu so 35/2015/TT-BCT ngdy 27/10/2015 cua Bg Cong thuang ve quy dinh bdo vi moi tru&ng ngdnh edng thuang.
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Thong tin tac gia:
Nguygn Dii-c Long, Th.S Ngay nhan bai: 15/3/2019 - Don vi cong tac: Vien Kinh ti Viet Nam, Vien Ngay nhan ban sira: 20/4/2019 Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam -., - j -. *- i • /c/-^ni n
Ngay duyet dang: 18/5/2019 - Dja chi email: NDL [email protected]
94 PHAT TRIEN BEN VU'NG VUNG QUYEN 9, S6 2 (6/2019)