TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTdNG BAI HQC HONG BLTC - SO 40.21)18
ANH HirdNG CUA DICH CHIET THU'C VAT TRONG PHONG TRU" SAU H^I D U A LEO AN TOAlM
TOM TAT
Tht nghiem sir dung phuang phdp khdo sdt hieu luc giit sdu true tiep; hieu luc gdy ngdn dn; hieu luc xua dudi; hieu luc itc che sinh trudng cita cdc dich chiet tir hgt na, hgt gdc, hgt xoan, ddi vdi sdu xanh soc trdng hgi dua leo. Kit qud cho thdy cd 3 logi djch chiil diu CO hieu luc tieu diet cao, trong do djch chiet tir hgt na cd hieu luc tieu diet cao nhdt (dgt 92,54%), thdp nhdt Id dich chiit hgt gdc (dgt 86,73%) (sau 72 gid phun dich chiet).
Tuy nhien doi vdi hieu luc gdy ngdn, dich chiet hgt gdc lgi cd hieu luc gdy ngdn cao nhat (91,25%), dich chiet hgt na cd hieu life gdy ngdn thdp nhdt (58,88%). Dich chiet hgt xoan cd hieu luc xua duoi cao nhdt (69,8 %). Hieu life irc che cao nhdt, dich chiet hgt gdc c6 tac dung irc che sinh trudng ddi vdi sdu xanh soc trdng ro rdng nhdt (ty le sdu non vdo nhong chi dgt 29,64% vd ty le budm vu hda 20,57%).
Tir khoa: Hgt na, hgt gdc, hgt xoan, sdu xanh soc trdng, dua leo.
I.DATVANDE
Hien nay trong cong tac phong chong sau hai tren cay tring n6i chung va cay dua leo (dua chupt) {Cucumis Sativus L.) noi rieng chu yeu dua vao viec su dung cac loai thulc hoa hpc, dilu nay da anh huong nghiem ttong din miic dp an toan ciia san phim, gay bit lpi cho siic khoe nguoi tieu dimg, tac dpng tidu cue din moi truang va mit cSn bing sinh thai.
Su dung cac loai dung dich chilt thuc vSt d l phong ching sau hai la hucmg di moi dang dupe nhilu nha khoa hpc tren the giai quan tam. Tuy nhien, 6 Viet Nam, vln dl niiy con kha moi me. Viec sii dung dich chilt thuc vat mang lai hieu qua phong trir dich hai cao, than thien voi moi tmong, an toan vol nguai su dung; ding thoi de su dung, tilt kiem chi phi (do tan dung dupe nguyen lieu la cac cSy tting quen thuoc, p h i biln).
Vi vay, de gop phln tao dung mpt nin nong nghiep sach. In dinh va bin vimg, ding thoi nham dap ling nhu cau rau sach noi chung va dua leo sach noi rieng tten dia ban Thanh Hoa, ttong san xuat dua leo an toan, viec sir dung dich chilt thuc vat thay thi cac loai thuoc tni sau dang dupe su dung phi biln la viec lam rlt co y nghia.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Vat lieu va phuong phap nghien ciiu 2.1.1. Vgt lieu nghien ciru
Cae loai thuc vat su dung nghien ciiu: hat na (Annona squamosal L), hat xoan ta (Melm azedarach L), hat gac (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng). Cac loai hat
' Giing viin khoa Nong. Lam- Ngu ngkep. Tnrdng Ba, hpc Hing Due
TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRlTdNG D^I HQC HONG BLTC - SO 40.2018
phoi khd, tach bd vd, nghien min phan hat, ray sach sau do ngam trong cdn 960 theo ty le 1:1 trong 48 gid se dupe dich chilt gdc.
Loai sau thu nghiem: Sau xanh soc trSng (Diaphania indica (Saunders).
2.L2. Phuang phdp tien hdnh
Thu bat sau non tudi 3-4 ngoai ddng rudng (cang nhilu cang tdt) dem v l phdng thi nghidm, chpn 30 con ddng ddu cho vao Idng nudi (trdng cac cay dua leo - khdng sii dung thudc BVTV va phan bon hda hpc) dl tiln hanh thi nghiem thii hieu luc.
Ddnh gid hieu luc gdy chet cda cdc dich chiit thuc vgt
Tien hanh phun cac dich chiet dupe pha loang bang nude d ndng do 10%. Mdi loai thudc tien hanh phun tren 3 Idng nudi sau (nhac lai 3 lan), Idng ddi chiing phun nude la.
Theo doi, thdng ke so lugng sau chit sau khoang thdi gian 1 gid, 12 gid, 24 gid, 48 gid va 72 gid. Cdng thirc tinh hieu luc gay chit duge tinh theo cdng thuc Abbott [4].
M(%)=^^^:I^xioo
Ca
Trong do; M: hieu luc gay chet (%); Ca: la sd sau cdn sdng d cdng thiic doi chiing sau thi nghiem; Ta: la sd sau cdn sdng d cdng thirc thi nghiem sau thi nghiem.
Ddnh gid hieu luc gdy ngdn cua cdc dich chiit thuc vgt
Thi nghiem duoc thuc hien dua theo phuong phap cai tien tir phuong phap "leaf disc no-choice" (Kubo va Nakanishi,1977). La diing de cho sau an dupe nhiing vao dich chiet ndng do 10%, ddi chung nhiing nude la, de rao trudc khi cho vao hop cd giSy am va tha 10 ca the sau vao mdi hop. Hieu qua gay ngan sau 48 gid duge tinh bang cdng thiic cai tien cua Bently vacdng su(1984) [4].
Hieu luc gay ngan an = [(C-T)/C]xl00
Trong do: C: dien tich la bi sau an d mau ddi chimg; T: dien tich la bi sau an d mau xu ly bang dich chiet thuc vat.
Ddnh gid hiiu luc xua duoi cua cdc dich chiet thiec vgt
Thi nghiem duge tien hanh phun tren cay dua leo vu Thu Ddng nam 2016 tai Hoang Hda - Thanh Hda, tren gidng dua leo nep thom VRDI 1, cdng thiic bo tri ngau nhien. Dua leo duge trdng theo kich thudc 50 x 40, mdi d thi nghiem 5m^, mdi cdng thirc 3 6 (3 lan nhac), d ddi chimg phun nude la. Tien hanh phun dich chiet sau 4 tuan gieo.
Dieu tra mat dp sau hai trudc phun va sau khi phun dich chiet, Hieu luc duge tinh theo cdng thiic Henderson ^ Tilton [4].
E = ,_IiZl^xlOO
T b x C a
Trong do: E : hieu luc xua dudi ( % ) ; Ta: Sd sau sdng d cdng thirc thi nghiem sau phun;
Tb: Sd sau sdng d cdng thiic thi nghiem trudc phun; Ca: Sd sau sdng d cong thire ddi chiing sau phun; Cb: Sd sau sdng d cdng thiic ddi chimg trudc phun.
85
TAP THt KHOA HOC TRirONG BAI HQC HONG B g C - SO 40.2018
Ddnh gid hieu luc irc chi sinh trudng
Sau khi loai bo s l sau chit 6 thi nghiem danh gia hieu luc tieu diet, s l sau con sing
tilp tac nuoi dl theo doi ty le vao nhong va vu hoa [4]. _ Phuong phap tirJi loan thing ke s l lieu: S6 lieu duoc xil ly va phan tich bang phan
mIm Excel va irristat 4.0.
2.2. Ket qua nghien ciru 2.2.1. Thdnh phdn sdu hgi dua leo
Tiln hanh dilu tra thanh phln cac loai sau hai dua leo tai cac khu ttIng dua leo an toan tai Holng Hoa - Thanh Hoa ttong vu Thu Bong nam 2016, kit qua dupe thi hien tai bang 1.
Bang 1. Thinh phan sau hai dua leo tai Hoing Hoa - Thanh Hoa TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten Tilng Viet Bg phan Rep bdng Bp trT (bii lach)
Ddi due la Sau xanh spc
trang Sau khoang
Bp xit dai Ray xanh Bg riia 28 ch4m
Ten khoa hoc Bemisia tabaci
Gennadius Aphis gossypii
Glover Thrips palmi
Kamy Liriomyza sativae
Blanchard Diaphania indica
(Saunders) Spodoptera litura
(Fabricius) Leptocorsia accuta
Thunb Amrasca biguttula
(Distant) Epilachna vigintioctopunctata
(Motsch)
Hg Aleyrodidae
Aphididae Thripidae Agromyzidae
Pyralidae Noctuidae Coreidae Cicadellidae
Coccinellidae Bd Homoptera Homoptera Thysanoptera
Diptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera
Hemiptera Hemiptera Coleoptera
Muc do phd bien T7
-H-
+ ++
++
-H-
-i~l-
+
+
T8 T9 -H~H
H-t-
-HH-
-H-
1 1 1 1
-H-
+ ++
+ + + -H-
+ -H-H
++
++
+
Ghi chu • -: Khong xudt hiin: + ; It phi biin (tin xudt xudt Men tu-<10%):++- Muc do phi biin trung binh (tdn xudt xudt hien tir 10% - 25%) ;+++.• Pl,6 biin (Idn xudt xudt hien tir 25% - 50%) ;
++-*-+.- Rat phi biin (tdn xudt xudt hien >50%) Ket qua dilu tra cho thiy, thanh phln sau hai dua leo vu Thu Dong nam 2016 tai Hoang Hoa - Thanh Hoa kha da dang gIm 9 loai, xult Men rai rac dlu trong vu, ttong do sau xanh spc ttang la loai xuat hien phi biln va gay hai nang nhlt. Chinh vi vay chung toi
TAP CHl KHOA HQC TRUCTNG DAI HOC HONG BlTC - SO 40.2018
lua chgn loai sau xanh soc trang Diaphania indica (Saunders) lam vat lieu nghien ciiu ve hieu luc phdng trir dich hai cua cac dich chiet thuc vat.
2.2.2. Ket qud thu hieu luc gdy chet sdu cita cdc dich chiet thuc vgt
Thi nghiem thir hieu luc gay chet sau xanh sgc trang hai dua leo cua mpt sd dich chiet thuc vat trong phdng thi nghiem duge the hien d bang 2.
Bang 2. Hieu lire gSy chet do! vM sau xanh spc trang cua cac dich chiet thirc vat STT
1 2 3 4
Cong thiic Hat na Hat xoan
Hat gac Doi chiing
Hieu luc tieu diet (%) Sau 1 gio
10,1 0 0 0
Sau 12 gia 43,27 34,18 30,42 0
Sau 24 gio 67,6 55,26 50,73 0
Sau 48 gia 85,29 81,31 80,39 0
Sau 72 gio 92,54
89,8 86,73 0 Qua quan sat nhan thay, ca 3 loai dich chidt sau khi phun dich chiet 1 gid sau cd bieu hien hoang loan, giay dua lien tuc, di chuyen nhanh xudng phia dudi an nap va sau vai gid cd the chet, sau khoang 48 gid phan Idn sau di chuyen cham chap, chuyen mau va chet (dac biet d thi nghiem vdi dich chiet hat na).
Ta nhan thay, ea 3 loai dich chiet thuc vat nghien cim deu cd hieu luc gay chdt cao ddi vdi sau xanh spc trang (trong dd dich chiet tir hat na cd hieu luc gay chet cao nhat 85,29%i (sau 48 gid), 92,54%) (sau 72 gid), dich chiet tir hat gac cd hieu luc gay chet dat 86,73%i (sau 72 gid phun) thap hon djch chiet tir hat na va hat xoan.
2.2.3. Kit qud thu hieu luc gdy ngdn dn cua cdc dich chiet thuc vgt
Thi nghiem thir hieu luc gay ngan an ciia cac dich chiet thuc vat ddi vdi sSu xanh spc trang hai dua leo trong phdng thi nghiem cho ket qua rat tdt, ket qua duge the hien d bang 3.
Bang 3. Hieu luc gay ngan an vdi sau xanh soc trSng ciia cac dich chiet thirc vat STT
1 2 3 4
Cong thiic Hatna Hat xoan
Hat gac Doi chiing
Hieu lire gay ngan an (%) 58,88 75,51 91,25 0
Ca 3 mSu dich chiet thuc vat deu lam giam dang ke sire an cua sau xanh spc trang, cd hieu lire gay ngan cao hon nhieu so vdi ddi chiing, tuy nhien dich ehiet tir hat gac cd hieu luc gay ngan cao nhat (91,25%() va dich chiet tir hat na cd hieu luc gay ngan thap nhdt (58,88%).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC T R U 6 N G BAI HQC HONG BlfC - SO 40.2018
2.2.4. Kit qud thu hieu luc xua dudi sdu xanh soc trdng ciia cdc dich chiet thitc vgt Thi nghiem danh gia hieu luc xua dull cua cac dich chilt thirc vJt dupe thuc hien ngoai ding ru6ng tai Holng Hoa - Thanh Hoa, vu Thu Dong nam 2016. Thong ke sl lieu mat dp sau xanh spc tting sau phun dich chilt thuc vat 3 ngay, 6 ngay va 9 ngay thu kit qua the hien o bang 4.
Bang 4. Hieu lye xua dull sau cua cac dich chilt thye v$t STT
1 2 3 4
Cong thiic Hatna Hat xoan
Hat gac Doi chiing
Hieu luc xua duoi (%) j Sau phun 3 ngay
31,86 69,8 40,32 0
Sau phun 6 ngay 20,55 43,74 24,19 0
Sau phun 9 ngay 1,1 1,75 1,32 0 Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, cac dich chilt thyc vdt dlu co tinh xua du6i sau xanh spc tting kha cao. Hieu qua xua dull sau phun 3 ngay dat til 31,86% - 69,8%, hieu qua ro ret so voi doi chiing. Dich chiet tir hat xoan co chiia nhilu axit hiiu co tac dpng din co thi sau hai lam gay chet true tilp, sau ngan an va di chuyin nhanh khoi cay da phun dich chilt, vi vay hieu luc xua dull cua dich chilt nay la 69,8% (sau 3 ngay phun thulc). Sau 9 ngay phun thulc hieu qua xua dull khong c6 sy khac biet Ion so voi d l i chimg.
2.2.5. Hieu luc dc che sinh trudng cda cdc dich chiit thuc vgt
Cac dich chiet thuc vat ngoai kha nang gay chit, gay ngan va xua dull, con co kha nang lic che qua trinh sinh truong cua sau hai. Thi nghiem khao sat hieu lyo lie chl sinh truong cua cac dich chilt thyc vat dli vcri sau xanh spc tring hai la dua leo danh gia dua vao ty le vao nhong (%) va ty 1« sau vij hoa (%) 6 cac cong thiic trong phong thi nghiem (Ty le thap chimg to kha nang itc chl cao va ngupc lai). Kit qua dupe t h i hien 6 bang 5.
Bang 5. Hieu luc uc chl sinh truftng cua cac dich chilt thyc vat S l
TT 1 2
Chi tieu theo d6i Ty 16 vao nhong (%)
Ty le vii hoa (%)
Cong thiic Hatna
40,28 30,57
Hat xoan 56,77 44,81
Hat gac 29,64 20,57
Doi chiing 94,21 90,35 Ket qua nghien cuu eho thay, ca 3 dich chilt nghien ciiu d l u co hieu luc lie chl sinh truang do. vol sau xanh spc tring hai dua leo, trong do eae hoat chit co ttong dich chiet ta h,t gac khong co tac dyng uc chl sinh ttuong d l i voi sau xanh soc tring ro ring nhat (ty le sau non vao nhong chi dat 29,64% va ty le buam vii hoa 20 57%)
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRIfPNG BAI HQC H 6 N G BtfC - S6 40.2018 3. KET LUAN
Qua trinh dilu tra th^nh phan cac loM sau hai dua leo tai cac vimg trong dua leo an toan tai Hoing Hoa - Thanh Hoa trong dilu ki?n vy Thu Dong nam 2016 thu dupe 9 loai ttong do loai sau xanh spc tring la loai xuSt hien pho biSn nhat. Tiep den la bp phan, rep bong, bo tti, doi dye la va sau khoang.
Ket qua danh gia hieu luc gay chet tai 5 thoi diem sau xii ly la 1 gici, 12 gio, 24 gi6, 48 gio va 72 gia eiia dich chilt 3 loai hat na, xoan, gac, trong do dich chiet tir hat na CO hi^u lye tieu di$t cao nhlt, (92,54%i), thip nhlt la dich chilt hat gic dat 86,73%
(sau 72 gi£r phun dich chiet). Tuong ty thi nghiem ve kha nang gay ngan eiia dich chiet 3 loai hat dli voi sau xanh spc trang, trong do dich chiet hat gac co hieu lye cao nhat (91,25%) va dich chilt hat na c6 hieu luc thip nhlt (58,88%). Dich chilt hat xoan co hi^u lyc xua dull cao nhit (69,8%)). Cac chl pham thao dupe ciing co tac dpng nhu lie chl ty le vao nhong, vii hoa cua s3u xanh spc trang, dich chilt hat gic co tac dung lic ehe sinh trucmg doi voi sSu xanh SQC tting ro rang nhSt (ty lp sau non vao nhong chi dat 29,64%i va ty le buom vii hoa 20,57%).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Dao Van BSng (2011), Vu Khoa hpc va Cong nghe - Bp Cong Thuang, Thudc BVTV cd nguon gdc sinh hoc; img dgng ciia Hoa hoc xanh cho nong nghiep ben vimg. Tap chi Cong nghiep hoa chat so 9/2011.
[2] Pham Thi Tran Chau (2000), Protein irc chi proteinaz (PPI) cua hgt gdc (Momordica cochinchincnensis), Nhiing van de nghiSn ciiu ca ban trong sinh hpc, Bao cao khoa hpc Hpi nghi Sinh hpc QuIc gia, tt. 197-201.
[3] Le Doan Lien, Phan QuIc Kinh, Nguyin Linh Chi, Le Van Tli (2000), Nghien cihi thudc trir sdu hgi kho - tir cdy na vd cdy bdch bo, tap chi Khoa hoc: Khoa hpc tu nhien Dai hpc QuIc gia Ha Npi, no. 1, tap 16, tr. 20-29.
[4] Le Thi Lan Oanh, Hoa Thi HSng, Trin Thi Thom, Nguyen Hoang Tinh, Nguyin Van Thilt, Nguyin Xuan Thu (2000), Nghien cm su diing mgt so lodi thdo mgc ldm thudc trir sdu MTl, Tap chi Khoa hpc: Khoa hpc Tu nhien Dai hpc QuIc gia Ha Npi, no. 1, Tap 16, tt. 12-19.
[5] Nguyin Duy Trang va CTV (2002), Bdo tin, khai thdc vd sit dung ngudn cdy dgc trong cong tdc bdo ve thuc vgt a Viet Nam, Tuyln tap cong trinh nghien ciiu bao ve thyc vat 2000 - 2002, Nxb. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi, 104 - 111.
[6] Duong Anh Tuin (2002), Azadirachtin vd cdc phdn dogn ddu neem trong hgt cdy neem (Azadirachta indica), hg Meliaceae di thifc vdo Viet Nam co hogt tinh gdy ngdn dn mgnh doi vdi sdu khoang, Bao cao Khoa hpc Hpi nghi con tning hpc toan qudc (Lln thii 4), tr. 504-509.
XAP CHi KHOA HOC TRlT^NG BAI HQC HONG BlTC - S6 40.2018
[7] Alphonsus Mbonu Oparaeke (2010), The Sensitivity of Flower Bud thrip, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thrysanoptera: Thripidae), on Cowpea to Three Concentrations and Sprayung Schedules of Piper guineese Schum & Thonn, World Rural Observations 2010,2(2).
EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PESTS IN CUCUMBER
Tran Thi Mai ABSTRACT
The intent of experiments was to establish to investigate the efficacy in generating the pest mortality; antifeedant effects; pest chasing away effects; growth inhibitory effects on pests was determined using fluid extracts from seeds of Annona squamosa L;
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng, Melia azadarac L. The results released that the extract from Annona squamosa caused the hightest larval mortality (92.54%) and the lowest was from Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng (86.73%). The extract of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng exhibited the highest effect of antifeedency (91.25%) and the lowest was from Annona squamosa L (58.88%). The extracts from Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng showed the strongest effects on the reduction of Diaphania indica (Saunders) population (69.8%). Extract from momordica cochinchinensis limited the growth rates best. (The larva proportion reached 29.6% and that of the moths was 20.57%).
Keywords: Annona squamosa L, Melia azadarac L, Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) Spreng, Diaphania indica (Saunders). Cucumis Sativus L.