THUC TIEN G I A O DUC
THIfC TRANG CO SO OAO TAD DAI HOC HANG HAI VIET NAM
• • • • • * O ThS. NGUYEN DUC CA*
T
rudng dgi hoc hang hdi (DHHH) Id cdi noi ddo tqo (DT) ra nhung thuyen truong, mdy truang, dien truang, sTquan hdng hdi (HH) gidi chuyen mdn, cd tdc phong cdng nghiep, dd vd dang tiep nhdn, van hdnh nhung con tdu hien dqi, sieu Idn di khdp nai tren the gidi. Ngodi ra, trudng HH cdn duqc giao nhiem vu nudn luyen vd cap cdc chung chi chuyen mdn di bien cho thuyen vien theo cdng udc cua IMO: chung chi an todn ca bdn; chung chi nghiep vu, chung chi dqc biet... Do dd, trach nhiem cua cdc trudng HH cdc cap hien nay rdt ndng ne vi chdt luqng mdt con tdu di bien phu thudc vdo trinh do chuyen mdn ciia ddi ngu sT quan, thuyen vien tren tdu, mat khdc, trinh dd chuyen mdn cua si quan, thuyen vien Iqi phy thudc vdo chdt luqng ddo tqo - hudn luyen (DT-HL) cua cdc ca sd DT-HL HH. Bdi the, chdt luqng DT-HL HH dang duqc nhd nude ta rdt quan tdm. Trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid de cap thyc trqng ve chuang trinh DT vd nguon tdi chinh tqi cdc ca sd DT DHHH Viet Nam.1. Mang ludi cdc ca sd DT vd cdc chuyen ngdnh DT HH. Hien nay, cdc ca sd DT-HL HH cua Viet Nam gdm cd: Trudng DHHH, Trudng Cao ddng (CD) nghe Bach nghe Hdi Phdng vd Trudng CDHH I (phia Bde);
Trudng DH Giao thdng Van tdi TP. Hd Chi Minh vd Trudng CDHH II [phia Nam).
Cdc trudng DH vd CD tren deu cd cdc trung tdm HL HH vdi cdc chuc ndng HL an todn ca bdn, HL nghiep vy vd HL dqc biet.
Mang ludi ca sd DT-HL HH cua Viet Nam duqc the hien tren hinh (xem so do).
2. Chuong trinh DT. Nhin chung, cdc ca sd DT-HL HH d nude ta dd nhdn thuc dung tdm quan trqng cua minh theo yeu cdu ciia STCW 95 CODE, vi the, cdc ca sd ndy dd tich cue ddu tu, hodn thien ve ca sd vdt chdt, chuang trinh DT; dqc biet, nqi dung chuang trinh DT duqc thyc hien khd ca bdn, dqt trinh dd sdu, rdng ve li thuyet.
Tuy vdy, ddnh gid thyc chdt ve ndi dung chuang trinh DT-HL ndi chung, sT quan ndi rieng, chung tdi thdy cdn nhieu tdn tqi, bdt cap nhu chua
Bp Giao thong Bp Giao dye - van tdi Ddo tqo
Cue Hang hai Viet Nam
Trudng DH Hdng hdi
Trudng DH GTVT TP HCM
1'
Trudng CD Trudng CD CD Nghe HHI HH II Bach nghe HP So do he thdng DT-HL HH tgi Viet Nam HH; chua tach biet rd rdng phdn kien thuc, kT ndng DT vdi phdn kien thuc, kT ndng HL de tranh trung lap; ndi dung DT cdn ndng ve li thuyet (xem bang).
TT He dao tao
Thdi gian (thang)
Tong sd tiet
Tong sd tiet li thuyet
Tong sd tiet bai tap, thuc hanh TT He
dao tao
Thdi gian (thang)
Tong sd tiet Sd
tiet Hie (%) Sd
tiet Tile 1 OH 60 4570 3735 81,73 835 18,27 (%) 2 CO 36 2845 2220 78,03 625 21,97 3 Trung hoc 24 1880 1300 69,15 580 30,85 4 CNKT 15 1140 752 65,96 388 34,04 5 SQQL>500GT 03 350 250 71,43 100 28,57 6 SQQL<500GT 02 240 187 77,92 53 22,08 Ca cdu cac mon hgc nganh Dieu khien thiet bi: He tnjng cap: Chuyen ngdnh (37%); Tieng Anh (12%j; Thyc tdp (13%); Gido dye dqi cuong (20%);
Ca sd ngdnh (18%); He CD: Chuyen ngdnh (36%);
Tieng Anh (9%); Thyc tap (8%); Gido dye dqi cuong (21 %); Ca sd ngdnh (26%); He DH: Chuyen ngdnh (36%); Tieng Anh (19%); Thyc tap (9%); Gido dye dqi cuang (18%); Ca sd ngdnh (18%);
Co cdu cac mon hgc MTB: He trung cdp:
Chuyen ngdnh (36%); Tieng Anh (19%); Thyc tap (9%); Gido dye dqi cuong (18%); Ca sd ngdnn dp dyng he thdng qudn li chat luqng trong DT-HL * Truong Dai hoc Hang hai
Tap chi Giao due so 234 pg a - 3/2010)
(18%); He DH: Chuyen nganh (30%); Tieng Anh (8%); Thyc tap (7%); Giao due dqi cuang (22%);
Ca sa ngdnh (33%).
Nhu vqy, co the thdy viec ddnh gia kha nang chuyen mon cua cac hoc vien cudi khoa van theo each lam cu, nghia Id cdc thdnh vien ban giam khdo chi dua ra nhung cdu hdi de thi sinh trd Idi;
mat khdc, de cuong mdn tieng Anh con nhieu bat cap, phuong phap gidng dqy khdng phu hgp, chi tap trung dqy ngu phdp, cdn cdc kT ndng khdc khdng duqc chu y day du. De ddp ung duqc yeu cdu cua Bd ludt STCW 78/95 cung nhu thyc te hien tqi cua ngdnh HH, chung tdi thdy cdn thiet phdi ddi mdi chuang trinh DT-HL theo djnh hudng sau: - Xem Igi cdc hgc phdn cua de cuong cu, nhung hgc phdn ndo thdy khdng thich hgp se dugc cat bd. Viec them hodc bdt cdc hoc phdn d de cuang cd tinh den nhung hoc phdn duqc neu d de cuang cap nhdt, bdi dudng cho cdc sT quan HH d muc trach nhiem van hdnh; - Cat bdt nhung ngi dung khdng thich hgp cua cdc hgc phan (ndi dung trung lap hodc lac hdu), bd sung kien thuc mdi, hien dqi theo yeu cdu thyc te; - Tdng so tiet cho hpc vien thuc hdnh tgi cdc phdng thi nghiem, phdng thyc hdnh, dqc biet Id ren luyen kl ndng thyc hdnh tqi tdu HL. Theo quan diem chung, sd tiet thyc hdnh chiem khodng 1/2 tdng sd tiet cua chuang trinh; - Rut gpn mdn thi, chi tap trung vao cdc mdn trgng diem; - Tap trung ddu tu vdo he DHHH, tren ca sd tiep can md hinh qudn li tien tien tren the gidi trong hnh vyc DT-HL HH; tdng thdi gian thyc hdnh.
3. Nguon tdi chinh phuc vu DT-HL. Hien nay, nguon tdi chinh md cdc trudng HH nhdn duqc cho DT-HL hdng ndm Id tu ngdn sach nhd nude cdp; hoc phi do hoc vien ddng gdp; tu lao ddng sdn xudt, ung dyng khoa hoc vd chuyen giao cdng nghe cua cdc ca sd DT.
Khi tim hieu ve van de ndy, cdc ca sd HL-DT HH khdng mudn cung cdp cho chung tdi nhung so lieu cy the, nen that khd cd cdc sd lieu chinh xdc de nghien cuu. Vi vdy, chung tdi lay sd lieu tdi chinh cua Trudng DHHH de phdn tich, ddnh gid. Theo so lieu thdng ke, ndm hoc 2006-2007, nhd trudng dd chi cho HL tren tdu Id 2 ti ddng;
chi cho vdt tu, thue dja bdn thyc tap Id 1 ti ddng;
chi cho tdi lieu gido trinh: 500 trieu ddng. Tdng cdng: 3 ti 500 trieu ddng. Nhu vdy, binh qudn chi phuc vy DT-HL HH Id: 958.904 ddng/SV/ndm.
So sanh nguon kinh phi ddnh cho DT-HL HH cua nude ngodi vdi Viet Nam, chung tdi thdy muc dp ddu tu kinh phi cho DT-HL HH cua nude ta Id qua thdp so vdi cdc nude trong khu vue;
chdng hqn, Trudng DHHH Dqi Lien (Trung Qudc)
cd sd sinh vien vd ngdnh nghe DT gdn gidng Trudng DHHH Viet Nam, vdi GDP cao han khodng 2,5 Idn, nhung ddu tu cua hq gap tren 20 Idn so vdi chung ta (ndm 2005, nguon kinh phi cua Trudng tren 88 trieu USD, trong dd nhd nude ddu tu tren 60 trieu USD; Trudng DHHH Viet Nam tdng kinh phi Id 4,2 trieu USD, trong dd nhd nude ddu tu khodng 1,6 trieu USD). Trong khi chung ta dang ddi hdi phdi DT nguon nhdn lyc dqt trinh dd knu vyc vd qudc te thi sy ddu tu cua nhd nude nhu dd chi ra Id rdt khiem ton vd hoc phi cua sinh vien Id qua thdp. Hien nay, hoc phi d Viet Nam khodng 115 USD/ndm, d cdc trudng HH Trung Qudc khodng 210-320 USD; mot so nude khdc, hoc phi cd the len den 1300USD (Odessa- Ukraina), 2800 USD/ndm (Pusan-Korea), tren
10.00 USD/ndm (Ml).
Nhu vdy, tdng chi phi thyc chdt ddnh cho DT- HL HH d nude ta chi chiem khodng 1/15 tdng kinh phi hdng ndm ddnh cho todn trudng, that khd cd the dam bdo chdt luqng DT-HL trong dieu kien kinh te eo hep nhu vqy.
• * •
Tu thyc trqng dd phdn tich tren, chung tdi cho rdng, de ndng cao chdt luqng DT sT quan, thuyen vien, cdc ca sd DT-HL HH nude ta can: - Ddi mdi tu duy ve DT HH. Phdi cd sy ket hqp chdt che giua ca sd DT vd cdc dan vj su dyng nguon nhdn lyc; - Nhanh chdng ddi mdi chuong trinh DT-HL, ddi mdi phuang phdp gidng dqy, ddu tu mua sdm cdc trang thiet b| hien dqi, ndng cao trinh do ddi ngu gido vien; - Can cd su quan tdm, dau tu tdi chinh cua chinh phu, hodc chinh phu tqo ca che thudn Iqi cho vay vdn ddu tu vdi Idi sudt uu ddi, cho su dyng thue cua cdc cdng ti, trung tam thudc ca sd DT phuc vy DT; ddng thdi, chinh phu cung khuyen khich cdc td chuc vd cd nhdn ddu tu md cdc ca sd DT-HL thuyen vien. •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Dang Van Uy. Ndng cao ndng luc ddo tqo hdng hdi cdc cdp tqi Viet Nam. De tai nghien cuu khoa hoc trong diem cap Bo. Hai Phong, 12/2006.
2. Tran khanh Due. Supham kl thuat. NXB Gido due, H. 2002.
3. Tran Khanh Due. Quan Ii va kiem dinh chat luong dao tao nhan lyc. NXB Gido due, 2004.
4. Trung tam kT thuat tieu chuan - Do luring chat lucrng.
Hudng ddn dp dung ISO 9000 trong dich vu hdnh chinh. TP H6 Chi Minh, 03/2000.
5. UNESCO PROAP. Ki yeu hpi thao qudc te've dam bao chat luong dao tao dai hpc. Da Lat, 4/2000.
6. Vu Cao Dam. Phuong phap luan nghien cuu khoa hoc. NXB Khoa hpc ki thudt, H, 1998.
Tap chi Giao due so 234 ik, a. a/ayjo)