TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
TRUYEN DAT NH0NG NET TINH TUY CUA CA DAO VIET NAM TRONG CAC LCfP
KY NANG MEM
• HUYNH TAN HOI
TOM TAT
Ca dao Viet Nam cd khi mang nhffng y nghTa sau lang nhffng cung co kbi lai mdc mac, chdn qud. Trong bai vidl nay, ca dao drfde de cap dd'n d mdt gdc dp nhe nhang, nd nhrf mpt chat xiic tac de ngrfdi day va ngrfdi hpe cam tha'y thoai mai hdn de trd chuydn, chia se trong qua tnnh giang day kid'n thffc ky nang mem. Ndi dung chrfdng tnnh ciing nhrf each thffc td cbffc tid'n bdnh mdt gid hpc ludn cd stT Iinb dpng sao eho cac em cd thd Iinh hpi nhffng J' nghia tham thiiy nbd^t ciia cac cdu ea trong kho tang van hda ddn gian, tff dd ma tri Ihffc cung nhff ndt dep van hda trong nhffng cdu ca din dffdc li gidi.
Tff khda: Vdn hpc ddn gian, ca dao, hpc vidn, giang vidn, gid hpc ky nang mem.
1. D^t vSn de
La mdt loai hinh nghe thuat khd Idu ddi, vdn hoc dan gian ed mdt chieu sdu va gid tri rd't phong phii bao ham nhffng yd'u td' van hda, nhffng quan nidm van hda - nghd ibuat, tdn gido, nhffng phong tuc, tap qudn eiia dan tde Viet. Dd tao dffdc sff hffng thu ndi ngrfdi hpc, vide ffng dung cac bdi ea dao ddn gian vao gid hpc se giup ngffdi hpc tid'p thu ngdn ngff mot each thoai mdi bdn, qua dd phan ndo giiip cdc em hoan thidn nhdn cdch bdn thdn.
Bdng vide lim hidu cai hay cdi dep eua cac eau ca xffa, hpc vidn se hieu dffdc nhffng gia tri van hda va lich sff dd cd the van dung vao thffc td' cua cudc sd'ng. Trong qua trinh day ky nang mem, giang vien can lffa chpn, van dung nhffng phffdng phap day hpc thich hdp va vide ffng dung cdc bai ca dao vao bai giang il nhieu se tao ra mpt bau khdng khi mang tinh vdn hda vui tffdi hdn.
2, Ndi dung nghidn cihi 2.1. Binh nghia vi ca dao
Ca dao thffdng drfde Irfu truydn trong ddi sd'ng cua ngrfdi dan thdng qua cdc dang thffc nhff nhffng cdu bdt, bdi thd vdi nhrfng the loai dien hinh nhi/
thd luc bat, midn sao cho dd nhd la dffdc. Dd c6 the Id nhffng giai didu ddn ea, nhffng bai hat ru con vdi nhffng tid't td'u day sff luyd'n Idy khi bdt. Dang thffc van hpe nay dd de lai nhffng "di san" dpc ddo trong kho tang ngdn ngff van hpe ma nhffng dang thffc khac khd ma so sanh dffdc. Nhffng cau hat v^
the hidn tinh ydu nam nff, ve cha me, con cai hay nhffng cdu chuydn ra't binh di trong cupc sdng nhffng ludn an chffa nhffng y ngbia sau xa [2].
2.2. Tinh di bdn trong ca dao Viet Nam Ca dao la nhffng tde pham kha c6 dpng va sue tich, didn dat day du cdc sac thai y nghia. Theo
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Gido sff Nguydn Xudn Kinh, van hpc dan gian chmh la "mdn an tinh thin khdng the thie'u " trong cupc sdng eua ngffdi Vidt Nam [4]. Ca dao cd nhffng cdu ra't luydl vdi nhff:
"Nhdp nhdnh Id nhdp nhdnh ai.
Mat ngudi nhdp nhdnh nhu sao irin irfyi".
Cbi vdn ven hai cdu ea thdi, nhffng srf ehinh chu, trdn tria trong trfng trf, tffng chrf ciia cdu ca d'y dd Idt la hd't dffdc ve dep ra't duydn ddng va tham kin cua mdt ngrfdi con gdi dang dp tudi trang iron. Hai cdu thd nay cGng cd mdt di ban khae cung khdng kem phan dae sdc khi mieu ta net dep tudi thanh xudn eiia cac ed thie'u nff:
"Ldp ldnh Id ldp ldnh ai, MatngUdi ldp ldnh nhu sao tren trdi. "
Mdi ngrfdi mdi cam nhdn, cd khi ngffdi dpc lai cho rang chff "nhdp nhdnh" cd net thi vi va tuyet vdi bdi ndt lung linh cua cdc tinh tu tren trdi cao khdng cd gi sanh bdng. Tuy vdy, hai chff "la'p ldnh" cung khdng he kem canh kbi tdc gia da mudn Id diem anh mat ngay ngd eua mdt cd thdn nff trong trang, ngay thd.
2.3. Tinh trong sdng trong ca dao Vi^t Nam Ngdn ngff trong ca dao drfde khai thdc ffng vdi tff ngrf dan gian dia phffdng vdi nhffng net mdc mac, Irong sdng, md khdng phdi thd loai van hpc nao cung cd dffde [5]. Nhffng cdu ca dao da phin la ra't ngdn, nhffng ngdn Iff lai tinh td', y nhi, Idm cho ngffdi dpc lam kbi erf than thd bdi nhffng cam gidc bang khuang lid'c nhd, nha't Id khi sd'ng 6 nhffng thanh phd' hidn dai gan nhff khdng cdn hffdng qud ddng ndi nffa:
"Anh ngo len trdi thd'y dam mdy bach Anh ngd xudng long Igch thdy con cd chgch do dudi
Nudc chdy xuoi con cd buoilgi ngugc Anh mdngthuang ndng bie't duac hay khong?"
Tinb yeu cff the nhff la chi bid't trao nhau nhffng ldi ed cdnh, ndng niu vd danh cho nhau nhffng gi dffdc goi la dang ydu nhd't, nhffng cung cd khi thd't vpng vi tinh dd'n dp md ehdng trai phai budng ldi ddi hdn: "Ydu nhau ehdng Id'y dffdc nhau. Mai dao ddnh keo cao dau di tu".
Hp yen nhau nhff the la cd khoang cdch, cd thdi gian va ca nhffng thff thdch dang Iran quy. Dd
khdng phai Id mdt thff tinh cam hdi bdt ma la sff sau lang, nhrf nhrfng cung ddn reo rdt du drfdng.
2.4. Tinh ddi ddp trong ca dao Viit Nam Nhffng cau ca giao duydn ve tinb yeu nam nrf cd khdng it nhffng ldi dd'i dap kha doe dao, cd khi lai ngd ngbTnh, md lam luc lai ngpl nhff mialui: "Anh hda sao, hda dang con kid'n vang. Chui trong do nang sd'ng dang tram ndm". Kbi nghe chang trai ndi the', thi ed gai eung budng cau: "Em d&c sao hda dang con kid'n hdi. Tree Ien ddi xud'ng eho trdi eon kid'n vdng."
Nhffng ngdn iff trong cdu thd ngdm eho ky thi qud that dae gia bie't dffdng nao. Hinb anh hai chu kid'n rd't de thffdng, vdi nhffng cff chi tuy mdi nghe cd the hdi srfdng sung, nhrfng that ra lai rd't thdt va trdi ngrfdc lai ra'l ddng yeu.
2.5. Tinh duyen ddng trong ca dao Vift Nam Co khi chinh minh lai khdng the nao ly giai drfde cai gpi la tinh yeu, bdi nd cff nhff "Lieu trai ehi di", cff ma mi va day quye'n ru ldm sao d'y. Cd nhffng anh chang trdng manh me lam, a'y vdy md phai long mdt cd gdi ddng yeu nao dd thi cff nhff the la khong tai nao thodt ra drfde. Lam cd gai cung vdy, cd mdt ngdy bid't dien vay hoa, lam dang thi y nhrf la cd ay da hi Than Cubic bdn trung mui tdn. Miii tdn cua vi Than Tinh Yeu nay khie'n nhffng kd dang say mat ngpl cua di linh bid't cdch mim effdi vdi mpi ngffdi xung quanh va cudc sd'ng trd ndn Iran ngdp mau hdng hdn bao gid hd't. The' nen cao dao mdi cd nhffng cdu that ngpt nao bid't lam sao:
"Gdi phdi long trai nhu thai ldi gap cdi chd, Trai phdi long gdi nhU be vd trot song."
Mdt khi phai long ai do, thi ehung ta mdi bid't tinb ydu nd cd sffe manh dd'n ed ndo. Kbi ngffdi eon gai gap phai ngffdi con trai ndo md minh thich thi hanh phiic hdn ca sff tai smb. Hinh anh cay thai ldi binh di thrfdng mpe d nhffng viing qud se trd ndn iffdi td't bie't chffng ndo khi gap drfde phdn ehd. Thoat dau, nghe ed ve dung tue, nhrfng vdi kinh nghiem dan gian, vdi nhffng cdch suy nghi vd cung chdn cha't, didu dd hda ra lai ra'l that, rd't ddi ddng ydu [1]. Tinh yeu khdng cd gi la sai vd ngrfdi irdl ydu cang khdng sai, bdi ho sinh ra dd yeu va drfde ydu cd ma. Tinh ydu trong ca dad nhrf nhffng dda hda mudn sac man, didm td cho
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TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
cupc sd'ng day y ngbia, dii bid't rang ddi luc ed nhffng cupc linh phai dffng lai bdi sff chia ly.Thd' thi, da bao lau rdi, ngffdi ta cff yeu, cff bay td, cff thd Iplinb cam ciia minh qua nhffng Idi ea, cau hat ma ddi khi vrfdt qua ea dinh kid'n, qua ca khdng gian va thdi gian:
"Minh ndi ddi ta minh hay cdn son Ta di qua ngd, thdy con minh bd Con minh nhiing trau cdng tro Ta di xdch nudc tudi cho con minh."
Cbl vdn ven bd'n eau ihdi, bai thd la mdt ldi trach mang nhffng khdng he cd mdt sff ndng ne, khd chiu. Trdi lai, dd Id sff ydu ihrfdng, srf ddng cam cua chdng trai danh cho ngrfdi "eon gdi mdt eon trdng mdn con mat d'y". Bai ea dao nhff mdt- tac pham iff sff, nhff mdt ehuydn tinh giffa hai ke xa la, va rdi hp bid't nhau, rdi vd le cd gai ay ed mdt
"nhdc ti" bu bam va minh phai ed trdch nhiem cham sdc cho hanh phiie lffa ddi, ddu chang trai ed la "ngffdi dd'n sau" di nffa. Bdi le, thrfdng nhau thi
"cu a'u ciang trdn"ed ma. Cang dpc, edng tha'y bdi ea dao nay vdi cdi nhin rat thi ca vdi nhffng gid tri ddc sdc vd nghd thudt, tham my va nhan van.
3. D^y ky nang mem cho sinh vien gan kd't v^l cac bai ca dao
Vdi mue tidu binh thdnh va phat trien y thffc lam vide nhdm cung nhrf nang lrfe hpc tap, nghien cffu ciia ngffdi boc, trong khung chrfdng trinh giang day ciia ra't nhidu ddn vi hidn nay cd giang day mdn hpc ky ndng mem. Mdn hpc nay edn ed tdn gpi khde la giao due dinh hffdng bode bdng tdn tid'ng Anh la "Working in Group". Da phan ngdn ngff hpe tap la tid'ng Vidt, hoae ne'u cd chffdng Irinh song ngff (nhrf d mdt so' trung tam xua't kha'u lao ddng) thi tie'ng Viet van dffdc sff dung chinh, tie'ng Nhat cbl dffdc d mpt mffc dp phu hdp. Cdc chffdng trinh giang day ky nang mdm nay can phai dffdc trien khai khed leo nham nang cao kha ndng tidp thu va vdn dung nhffng dieu da hoe eua hoc vidn mpt cdch hidu qua nhd't. Mudn dffdc nhrf vdy thi vide ffng dung cdc phffdng phdp sao gid gid hpc thu vi nhd't. Va day hpe cae tde pham vdn hoc ddn gian ndi chung, ea dao ndi ridng it nhidu giup ngffdi day iruyen ihu nhffng kid'n thffc vdn hda dd'n ngffdi hpe mpi each hidu qua nha't [3].
Day hpc ca dao la day mdt loai hinh nghd thudt
Ihude linh vffc vdn hpc vid't. Tuy nhien, khi truydn tai nhffng thdng didp nay nay eho ngffdi hpc, nhal la trong mdt mdi trffdng khdng phdi la chinh thong nhff mdi trrfdng phd thdng thi vide hrfdng ddn hpc vidn tid'p can hinh thffc nghd thudt nay cung can co sff sang tao. Giao vien chi can chii den viec tao dieu kien cho cac em hda nhap vdo khdng khi ca dao. Vide gidng giai khdng mang tinh chat rang budc bay giao hud'n nffa ma la nhan nhii, gffi gam nhffng tdm Iff eiia nhffng tac gia sao eho cdc em cam nhdn drfde cdi hon cua nhrfng cau ca. Cd nhff thd', vide tid'p thu cdc tdc pham nghd thuat se dat hidu qua cao bdn.
Gido vidn cd the mffdn cdc nhdn vat irong tho ca nham tao cho cae em nhffng suy nghi diing dan hdn vd linh ydu, ve cdc md'i quan he xa hdi. Tinh ydu cd the la mpt sff rung ddng dau ddi, ngpt ngao, cd man sac ciia sff lang man chff khdng vi vu ldi.
Dd la nhrfng cung bac tff nhip dap cua trdi tim, cua srf duydn dang va day sff ngpt ngao [3]. Vide khai khai thac cae di ban eua cdc bai ca dao cd thd Id mpt each tao cam hffng cho cdc em cam thd'y nh6 va thudc ldng nhffng tac pham ddn gian khdng he la khd khan. Vide lap ra cae chu de khde nhau, gdi y eho cdc em eung la mdt each de tid'p can dd dang hdn. Ngodi gid hpc cdng thang, giao vidn cd the to cbffc cho eae em tham gia sinh boat ed sff dung cac yd'u Id' vdn hda, vdn nghe dan gian nhff dd'i dap, dpc thd, hoac sdng tac cdc tac pham thd ca de cac em cd hdn nffa cdc cd hdi de gin girf net dep van hda cua ngffdi Viet.
4. Kd't luSn
Gido due cdi hay, cai dep eua van hoc dan gian Vidl Nam se gdp phan xdy drfng vd bao tdn van hda Viet Nam tren cd sd kd' thffa va phat huy nhffng gia tri iruyen thd'ng ciia cdc thd' he cha dng di trffde. Dii da dat dffdc nhieu ihanh tffu ddng ke nhffng ehung ta cung can phai doi mdi va tidp thu nhieu bdn nffa nhffng tinh hoa cua nhdn loai, nhffng cai mdi, eai tie'n bd de lam phong phu hdn nffa nen vdn hda nffdc nha, Vide nghien cffu ve ca dao chac chan se giup chung ta cd drfde nhffng suy nghi, nhffng cdi nhin thd'u dao bdn vd nhffng gid tri van hda trong nhffng tac phim, de tff do mdi chung ta se nang eao hdn nffa tinh than dan tdc ra't thieng lieng ma khdng phai dd dang cd dffdc •
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
7. Fish. L. (2015). Informal Communication Systems in the Vietnam War- A Case Study in Folklore, Technology and Popular Culture.New Directions in Folklore,7. Retrieved from //scholarworks. iu. edu/joumals/index.php/ndif/ariicle/view/19887
2. Ivan A. Lopaiin (1951). The role of Folklore in Teaching Language and Literature. The Modem Language Journal.
3. Jabu Mzimela. (2016). Exploring the Role of Teaching Using Folklore in Developing Grade R Learners Mother Tongue. Stud Tribes Tribals. 14(2): 129-137
4. Nguyin Xudn Kinh (2010). Van hgc ddn gian Viet Nam. Tgp chi Khoa hoc xd hdi Viit Nam.
5. Trdn Nggc Them (1997). Casd vdn hoa Viit Nam. Dgi hgc Khoa hgc xd hdi vd nlidn vdn thudc DHQG TP Ho Chi Minh.
Ngay nh|n bai: 25/12/2018
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chvta: 5/1/2019 Ngay chap nhdin dang bai: 15/1/2019 Thdng tin tdc^ gid:
HUYNH TAN H O I Dai hoc FPT
EDUCATE THE BEAUTIES OF VIETNAMESE FOLK SONGS IN SOLF SKILL CLASSES
• HUYNH TAN HOI FPT University
ABSTRACT
Vietnamese folk songs have both deep meanings and simple meaning. In this research, folk songs are viewed in a gentle way and could be used as a catalyst to help teachers and learners comfortable to talk and react during the soft skills learning activities. The content and the organization of these learning activities are always flexible so that students can understand the deep meanings of folk songs of Vietnams folk hterature treasure, then the knovi'ledge as well as the cultural beauty of folk songs is gradually explained.
Keywords: Folk hterature, folk songs, students, lecturers, soft skills lessons.
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