Ttt tuong trong Nho giao cua Ho Quy Ly va Nguyen Trai
Dao Vu Vu *
Tdm tat: Vigt Nam vao cuii thi ky XIV diu thi ky XV diing tnrde bdi toan chuyen ddi y thGc he tu Phat giao sang Nho giao do nhu cau cung ci, phat triin va bao v§ dat nude. Ca Ho Quy Ly va Nguyen Trai deu chu truorng dat Nho giao lam y thiic h§ trung tam. Ho Quy Ly chu truong Nho giao vdi cac gia tri thuc dyng nhimg lai that bai trong vigc lay Idng dan. Con Nguyin Trai de cao gia tn nhan nghTa trong Nho giao de lay long dan, doan kit cpng ding di gianh lai dpc lap cho dan tpc va xSy dung nen nha Le.
TG khoa: Nho giao; nhan nghTa; Ho Quy Ly; Nguyin Trai.
1. Mordiu
Trong ljch sG tu tudng Viet Nam, tam gido (Nho giao, Phdt gido, Dgo giao) hda dong la xu thd ehdy ngam vd chu dgo. Tuy nhidn, vj tti cua 3 tdn gido dd khdng phdi nhu nhau. Cudi nhd Ho dau nhd Ld Id giai dogn chuyin giao tG tu tudng liy Phgt gido Idm trung tdm sang tu tudng lay Nho giao ldm tnmg tdm. Hai nhan vgt ddng vai trd quan trpng tiong vide chuyen giao nay la Hd Quy Ly vd Nguyen Trdi. Cd Hd Quy Ly vd Nguyen Trdi ddu la nhiing ngudi chu truong diing Nho giao lam nin tang cho quic gia. Xu thi sG dyng Nho gido di chin chinh dit nude la xu the tit yeu luc bay gid.
Tuy nhien, cdch thGc Idy Nho gido lam trung tdm cua mSi ngudi lai khdc va vi thd tgo ra nhiing hipu qua khdc nhau. Cdng cupc cai each cua Hd Quy Ly nhanh chdng bj tidu tan khi dan tdc roi vao cdnh ngogi xdm. Nha Hd khdng duge cac sG gia eua Dpi vi4t sir ky loan thu dit vdo chinh sG.
Trong khi dd, Nguyen Trdi cimg vdi Nho gido dd giup dan tpc gidnh lgi ddc lap, dyng len nhd Le, chinh thGc dgt Nho giao lam i?
thGc h? trung tam cua xd hpi.
2. Tu tudng trong Nho gido cua Ho QuyLy
Hi Quy Ly (1336 - 1407) Id ngudi ma chi tiong vdng 16 ndm (tG ndm 1371 den ndm 1387) dd dung tien dinh cao danh vpng, nim quydn binh qudc gia va chu truong cai cdch kidn quyet. Ndm 1398, Hd Quy Ly ty xung la Dai vuong, thay vua giG chinh quydn va den ndm 1400 thi trudt vua, ty xung la Hodng De, lgp nen nha Hd. Ddn cudi ndm lai truyin ngdi cho con thu Id Han Thuong vd cimg con ttj vi ddt nude. Vi nhung hdnh ddng tdo bao va tiem quyen nhanh chdng nay ndn nhieu ngudi danh gid Hd Quy Ly Id ke dd cudp ngdi nha Trdn.
Duong thdi ciing khdng it ngudi phdn dii.
Cdc tudng sT Le A Phii, Nguyen Ha, Nguyen Bat Sach, Le L|c vd Luong Thudng thi ddi phyc Igi nhd Tran vd deu bj Hd Quy Ly giit hgi. Nam 1398, Hd Qay Ly dd giet hgi khodng 300 ngudi sau khi dm muu dm sdt Hd Quy Ly cua eac dgi than thdn tpc nhd Trin bi thit
'*' Thac sT, Vign Tri^t hpc, Vi^n Han lam Khoa hpc xahdi Vigt Nam. DT: 0435I47I05.
Email: [email protected].
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Tgp chi Khoa hpc xa hpi Vigt Nam, si 12(97) - 2015 bgi. Hi Quy Ly da tgo ra khdng khi khung bi tiong gidi quan Igi ciing nhu tiong ddn chiing, bdi "phap quyin md khdng hgp long ddn thi trd thanh sGc manh dp bGc bgo ngugc, gdy thu chuic oan!" [1, tt.396].
Ho Quy Ly la nhan vat phai dam ttach vipc gidi quyit khung hodng xd hdi duong thdi. "Tridu dinh cin mot ngudi ed khd ndng va quyin luc dd nhan Idnh su menh giup vua cai qudn dit nude, chdng gi|c ngoai xam. Ngudi do liic nay, khdng cdn ai hon Hi Quy Ly" vd "sy Idn ngdi cua Ho Quy Ly nSm 1400 nhu mot sy chin muii tiong ydu ciu gidi quyit khung hodng cung dinh. Hi len tiiay Trin" [2, tt.88,92].
Trong thdi buii md nhiiu ngudi ttong gidi tdng 10 Phat giao dd qua chay 11, dn bdm vd ludi bieng tiii ein phdi tiiay thi y thGc hp Phgt gido bdng y tiiGc hp mdi ldm chuin myc eho cdc quan he trong xd hpi ciing nhu chuan myc dgo dGc xa hgi. So lugng nho sT thdi Trdn dd tang Idn dang kd, cdc ngdnh nhu vdn hgc, su hpc phdt trien mgnh me hon trudc dd. Vide cdc nhd nho cdng khai phd phan Phgt giao, cd the ke ra nhu Truong Hdn Sieu, Le Qudt, Le Vdn Huu ciing Id vipc dl hidu. Cdc nho sT chii yeu phd phdn "tdc phong" cua gidi Phat giSo [3, ti.272 - 274], ding thdi dua ra mau hinh "xG sf li tudng eua Nho gido. NhGng ngudi theo "tu tudng xG sT cua Nho hpc chdn chinh rat sg danh tiing d ddi, sing vi danh, chdt vi danh" vi thd "phdi chd thdi, dpi thdi CO, cot giG long minh "tdng nhit nhi chung" va tin vao thidn mpnh, y trdi todn tri, toan ndng, thudng eung vdi nguoi Idnh" [4, ti. 113]. Chinh vi tdm thi xu sT ndy nen bdn thdn cdc nho sT da khdng thoat khdi sy kiem tda eua hpc thuyit Nho gido mang tinh ngoai lai. Vi vin di nay, Nguyen Ddng Thyc nhan djnh: "Tridt ly vuong dgo Iy
tudng eua Trdn Nguyen Dan dan lai Thugng hodng Nghd Tdng, "coi Minh nhu cha, thuong Chiem Thdnh nhu eon", khong thuc ti chut ndo ed, chi Id tho ngay va khdng tudng" [4, tt.74].
Cung cd thi chinh bdi bdnh gido diiu v^
rap khudn cua cac nho sT nen khi Ld Ba Qudt hay Phgm Su Mgnh mudn thay dii chi d$ thi vua Tran dd khdng ding y [5, ti.273]. Nhung khi ddi chiiu vdi thai do tin tudng vao Hd Quy Ly ciia vua Nghp Tong, ta cd thi hieu ring, vipc thay dii chi dg hiin nhien Id viec Idm khd, tuy nhidn cai md nhdn dan can ehinh Id su thyc te, nhGng con ngudi thyc sy vi ddn vi nude.
Trong tinh hinh dd, Hd Qu^ Ly da di diing hudng. Trudc het, Hd Quy Ly dd phe phdn kich li^t bpn "Nho sinh mdt tidng", phd phdn vipc hoc Nho rap khudn vd thai dg sung Ting Nho, ty ti trudc Tdng Nho cua gidi nho sT luc bay gid. Cudn Minh dgo ciia dng ddng len vua Nghd Tdng the hien tinh thin md theo Nguyin Ddng Thye Id "ciing Iy tri dyng", d§t tieu chudn cua hpc thuat vdo cdi thyc dyng, thyc ti, thyc nghipm lam chudn dich. Do do. Hi Quy Ly la nhan vgt hidm hoi tiong ljch su tu tudng Vi^t Nam phd phan Nho hgc. Dgi Viet si/ ky loan thu viet: "Quy Ly sogn sdch Minh dgo gdm 14 thidn dang Idn. Dai luge cho Chu Cong IS tidn thanh, Khing TG la tien su. Van Mieu ddt^tugng Chu Cdng d chinh giGa, nhin v@
phuang Nam, Khdng TG d phia bdn, nhin vd phuong Tay. Cho sach Lugn Ngir cd bin cho dang ngd, nhu Khing TG ra mit nang Nam TG, Khing TG bj hit luang d nude Trin, Cdng San, Phdt Hit eho gpi ma Khong TG ddu muin tdi giup. Cho Han Dii la "dao nho", cho bpn Chu Mgu Thiic, Trinh Di, Duong Thi, La Trpng Ti, Ij Didn Binh, Chu TG, tay hpc ring nhung ft
Dao Vii Vu tai khdng sat vdi sy viec, chi thao cdp nhat
[vdn chuang ngudi xua]" [6, tt.318 - 319].
Nhan thGc dugc thuc ti tlidi hinh dit nude, lgi cd thai dg phd phdn gidi nho sT ddng ddo nhung thieu thue chit, Hd Quy Ly nhanh chdng ndm lay quyin Iyc, dyng Idn nhd Hd de cd them sGc manh ttong vide thyc hien cdc chinh sdch thyc ti eho dit nude. Nhung ban thdn Hd Quy Ly lgi mdu thuSn vdi y thGc he Nho gido vi vin di vuong quyen, bdi dng khdng cd mit co sd ndo dd dGng Idn ngdi vi ldm "cha me" ciia mudn ddn.
Nguyen Tdi Thu tiong bdi "H6 Quy Ly:
cupc thu nghipm ve x&y dung nin Nho hpc mang sdc thdi Vipt Nam" [7] dd chi ra rdng, cdi each Nho hpc cua Hi Qu;^ Ly Id "cuOc thG nghi$m vd xdy dyng nen Nho hpc mang sic thdi dan tic Vidt Nam, sao cho nd thiit thuc han, ddn tgc hon vd phd cdp hon".
Trong tuong quan vdi thdi dai Nho hpc bi phd piidn id "hpc phong rgp khudn theo kiiu phuong Bdc" vdi todn bgn "hpc tid m$t tiing" [8, fr.I45] vd cyc dipn tu tiidng nhu dd phdn tich d trdn, thi ddnh gid vi vj tii cua Hd Quy Ly ttong ddng tu tudng Nho gido Vipt Nam nhu "cudc thG nghipm" Id hodn todn xdc dang.
Xu hudng cdi cdch Nho gido theo hudng ching gido diiu vd thyc ti cGa Hi Quy Ly cd mgt phin nhu mgt so hpc gid nhan djnh Id: "Xuit phdt tG lgi ich cua tgp dodn phong kiin do Hi Quy Ly ldm dgi biiu7 [3, tt.276]. Nhung cd tiii thiy rdng, Hd Quy Ly la nhan vgt dd thuc diy cho qud trinh chuyin giao y thuc h? tG Phgt gido sang Nho gido. Thdi dg phe phdn Nho gido cGa Hd Quy Ly dd md ra khuynh hudng dd eao tinh thyc tiln cua Nho gido, khuynh hudng ndy CO thi thdy d cdc hgc gid nhu Ld Quy
Ddn, Ld Huu Trae. Mdc du "vin di Idn ma Hi (Juy Ly neu ra la thay dii hpc phong thi khdng dugc triiu dgi ndo thGa nhan" (theo nhan dinh cua Nguyen Tai Thu) nhung neu nhin tG gdc do gid tri quan, Hd Qu^ Ly da khdi phuc gia trj thue dyng cho Nho gido Vipt Nam thdi ki nay.
Tren thyc ti, nhiing vipc lam cua Ho Quy Ly da khdng dugc long ngudi thudn theo, mdc du diu thuc td vd can kip cho ddt nude luc biy gid. Thit bai cGa Hi Qu^ Ly da dugc nhiiu hgc gid chi ra. Hd Quy Ly tiem quyin, day ddt nude vdo cdnh ngogi xam Id nhQng Iy do thudng dugc dan ra nhit. Nhan ddn thi met mdi nhung Hd Quy Ly lai dp dung nhidu ehinh sdch ciing nhic. Vide xdy dyng thanh nhd Hi khiin ddn chiing oan tiidn. Dd Cling Id ly do khiin Hi Qay Ly tiiit bai tiong edng cugc chuyen ddi dit nude sang y thGc h? Nho gido. "Ldng ddn manh hon phdp ludt - khdng dugc iing hd ciia nhdn dan Id nguyen nhan quyet djnh sy thdt bai cua nhd Hd" [1, tr.396]. Hi Quy Ly da khdng Idy dugc ldng ddn nen nhung chu truong cua dng du ddng ddn, van that bgi.
3. Tu* tir&ng trpng Nho gido cua Nguyen Trai
Nguyin Trdi (1380 - 1442), ndm 1400, dng do Thai hpc sinh trong khoa thi Dinh diu tidn dudi trieu nhd Hd. Ndm sau dng giG chGc Ngy sd ddi Chinh chudng. Ndm 1407, gidc Minh xdm luge, cha con Hd Quy Ly bi bit, nhiiu ngudi bj giit ho^c dua ve Trung Qudc, Nguyen Trdi ttdn thodt dugc.
Din nam 1418, dng gdp Ld Lgi, trao Binh Ngo sdch vd thuyit phyc Ld Lgi khdi nghia, gianh Igi ddc lap cho dan tpc. Sau khi ddnh duii gidc Minh vd dyng len nhd Le, Nguyin Trdi vdi tu cdch Id Khai quic cdng thin viit Binh Ngo dgi cdo di tuyen bi vdi 49
Tjp chi Khoa hpc xa hgi Vigt Nam, s6 12(97) - 2015 nMn dan vi sir thing lgi nay ciing nhu su ra doi cua nha Le.
Trong Binh Ngo dgi cao, bin than Nguyin Trai da phe phan Ha Quy Ly:
"NhSn ho H6 chmh su phik ha/ De trong nuac long dan oan han". Tham te hon, ong con cho do la li do khiin "quan cuong Minh thira co tii ngucrc", khiSn cho dat nude roi vao canh ngoai xam, nhan dan chiu bao su tan sat, boc Igt cua chung. Timg la nguoi lam vi$c trong triSu dinh Ha Quy Ly va 6 nhiing cho khdc, Nguyin Trai thi hi$n thai dO CO trung voi nha Ha, 8ng gpi H5 Quy Ly 14 "anh hiing tr6n doi, anh hung mOt thoi"
ding thoi cung la "anh hiing di han, anh hung thi thugng, anh hing the" [9, tr.433 - 445]... Dilu nay che thay, Nguyin Trai c8ng nhan con ngucri va nhiing vige H8 Quy Ly da lam, nhung ong cung da tiep nii tinh thin phe phan ciia Ho Quy Ly de phe phan mgt dfing nha Nho khic, khong phai la
"nho smh mat tring" ma la "nho sT chuyen quyin" ma d?i dign la Ha Qu^ Ly.
Ong chi ra nguyen nhan that b ^ eua Ha Quy Ly la da "de long dan oan hgn".
Nguyen Trai diic ket tir kinh nghiem lich sir, tir svr that bai ciia nha Ha, va til chinh tu tu6ng Nho giao chan chinh. Tu tuong ciia Nguyen TrSi la b6 khuyet cho sai llm cua Ho Quy Ly, d6 la viec due nit ra tu tuong chinh tri mang tinh chit trgng dan: "Cho thuyen eung la dan ma lat thuyin ciing la dan", da la vige tuySn bd "vige nhiin nghia dich thuc": "Viec nhan nghia elt o yen dan/
Quan dieu phat truoc lo trir bao". Trong cau ndi tren, Nguyen Trai vila chteig ta cai
"nhan nghia dung djn", dich thuc eua Nho giio la ph4i lam dan yen long, vigc lam nhan nghia cua quan dilu phiit phai la trir bao chii khong phai dl sat ph?it khi thao tung quyin
lue nhu Ha Qu^ Ly ffl tiing lam.
Nguyen Trai eo tu tuong thuong ngiroi khi ong hiiu con ngudi ai cung co quyin s8ng. LSy can cii tir "long trod bit sat", trong nhiing lin thu tir trao d8t voi tuong giac, Nguyin Trai cho rang ai sinh ra cung diu CO quyin s8ng, co quyin sinh hoat yen 8n: "Ghet chit thich s8ng, tim vinh tranh nhuc, do 14 thuong tuih cua ngucri ta" [10, tr.358]. Chinh vi thi khong thi vi bit cir ly do nao de cudp di cugc song, tinh mang ciia eon nguoi. Ong phe phin hanh dong
"Nuong dan den tren ngpn Ilia hung tan/
Viii eon do dudi him tai va" cua giac Minh la hanh d6ng " b ^ nhan nghia nat ca can khon", la hanh dOng pha ho^ nhin nghTa, dao 1^ ciia trdi dat. Hanh dOng bao ngugc ciia chung khien trdi dat khong the dung thii, khiin con ngudi khong the nhan nhin chiu dimg, vi the phai dieu phat d6 trir b^o, dl trir khu nhung ke xam h^ toi thiSn dao hiiu sinh. Tu tudng nhin nghia niy mang j nghia bio ve cai chinh nghia. Chinh nghia 6 diy li viec diy nghia binh ch8ng lai nhiing ke dang dam dap len dit nude ciia nguoi khic, ching 1^ nhiing ke giet hai nguoi dan va tai.
Nguyen Trai ciing dimg chinh tu tucmg nhan nghia dl "dii ly" vdi tudng gi}c:
"Nude may [...] mugn danh nghia dieu dan phat tpi dl thuc hanh viec bgo tan, lan cu6p dit nude ta, bdc Igt nhan din ta, thul nSng hinh ie, va vet eua quy, ngudi din hen mgn nai xdm ling ching dupe sdng yen. L6ng nhan nghia ma lai nhu thi u?" [10, tr.377 • 378]. Ong tuyen cio vl cupc chiln dii tra, gia danh nhin nghia eua gije Minh. Nhung ong cung dSi xir vdi quin giic theo dung nghia con ngudi. Ong t8n trgng chiing hel mvc, cu xir tit tl vdi diing dja vi cua ching:
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Dao Vu Vu
"Dp d Ddng Quan, nghe tin hiin huynh ddi ra ngoai thdnh bdi kien Trin chua cua chiing tdi. Thgt dang mimg! TG nay gidi binh... Nhu the mdi diing Id bgc qudn tu biet thdi co. Dd la cdi tinh giao hdo, du din trdm ndm ciing khdng qudn" [10, tt.392].
Cung vdi quan diim nhit quan tin tudng vdo y huong thi^n vd ldng ngudi biit phdi, khi quan gi|u; da thua trdn, dd chju diu hdng, Nguyen Trai khdng vi odn gidn ma chdm giit, dng quay vi vdi tu tudng thuong ngudi, trung thdnh vdi dao hiiu sinh cua trdi dat dd md dudng sing cho gidc. Ong ki tiong Binh Ngd dgi cdo: "Bit tudng gi^c mang vi, nd dd vdy dudi phyc tdi/ Thi Idng ttdi dit bdt sdt, ta ciing md dudng hieu sinh". Cd thi thiy, Nguyen Trdi da nhin tudng gidc d vj tri cua nhiing eon ngudi trudc khi coi hg la kd thu da dim dap len que huong, dit nude minh.
Nhu vdy, tG diu tdi cuii, ttong sudt cupc khdi nghia Lam Son, Nguyen Trdi trung thdnh vdi tu tudng vd hanh dOng nhdn nghia cua minh, vdi diing tinh thin md dng tuyen bi: "Dem dai nghTa de thing hung tan/ Liy chi nhan ma thay cudng bgo". Ca sd di dng thyc hiin dugc triit hpc nhdn nghia ciia minh la niem tin vdo con ngudi, vdo luang tam ttong sdu thdm tdm hon con ngudi, vdo y hudng biit diiu chinh nghia, biit hudng thipn cua con ngudi. Chinh vi vgy md dng dd cdm phyc dugc nhdn tdm ciia khdng chi ngudi Vipt Nam md cdn cua cd k6 djch vd dd hodn thanh sG mpnh gidnh lgi d$c lgp ddn t^c, xdy dyng ndn nhd nude mdi, dgi dipn cho ngudi Viit Nam. Khi nhd Ld vdi md hinh Nho gido dugc dyng len cung la luc ddnh diu sy Idn ngdi ehinh thing eua Nho gido tiong ljch sG tu tudng dan tic.
4. Kit ludn
Vdo did ky XIV - XV, Nho giao dap ting dugc viec gidi quydt cdc yeu cdu cua ljch sG, la y thGc he phG hgp vdi thdi dgi luc do.
Hi Qa^ Ly tuy trpng Nho gido nhung thit bai tiong cai each eua minh bdi da khdng thu hut duge nhdn dan tham gia vdo su nghipp chung. Bdi hpc cin nit ra d ddy, ciing chinh Id diiu ma nhieu triet nhdn da chi ra, dd Id "hdy ty biit minh". Chi trong mdt thdi gian ngin, Hd Quy Ly dd tid thanh ngudi nam giG quydn luc vdi dudng loi dut khodt, thye dyng vd manh md. Ban than dng Cling ty xung Id vua, ty dyng Idn nhd Ho vd dd manh tay loai bd nhGng ai khdng theo minh. Hi Quy Ly diing d lap trudng ban thdn minh Id chu, ddt nude md dng cai qudn ndm trong quyen kiem sodt cua ong vd dng cd todn quyen de thyc thi cdc chinh sdch cdi each cua minh. Nhung Hd Quy Ly dd tgo ra khdng khi khiing bd ttong ddn chiing vd trieu dinh, khdng lay dugc ldng dan, khdng thuyet phyc dugc dan chiing thyc hipn theo ede chinh sdch ciia minh. Do do, dng khdng dugc nhan dan img hg. Hd Quy Ly de cao Nho gido nhung Igi phd phdn nhGng nha nho "m$t ttdng" chi biet nup sau bdng cGa cac thdnh nhdn Tnmg Quic nen khdng dugc gidi tri thGc Nho hgc tiong xa hpi img hp. Thdi dp de cao sy dpc lap tu tudng ttong Nho gido Vipt Nam cua dng Id diing nhung each thue phd phan cua ong Id sai.
Nho gido cd nhthig npi dung gid trj vd vi$c hpc cdi diing din vd hdnh dpng theo cai dung din khdng thi Id sai lim. Vdn di ndm d cho lam thd ndo dd khoi ggi sGc mgnh tG cai dung ddn? NguySn Trdi Id ngudi dd ldm dugc vipc do.
Trong cupc khdng chiin ching quan Mmh, Nguyen Trdi giuong cao ngpn cd 51
Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hpi Viet Nam, s i 12(97)-2015 nhdn vd nghia. Tu tirong nhan nghia cua Nguyen Trdi Id mpt gjd trj nhan ban. Ong md td ttong Binh Ngd dgi cdo rang, nhd Minh bdn riit eua cdi, bde Ipt dan chung, dit sdch vd vd phd hogi nin nhan vdn nude Vi§t, chem giit dan den khdng thuong tide.
Vdi Nguydn Trdi, vin d i nhdn tinh quan tiong khdng kem vin d i dan tdc. Con ngudi tgi sao lai cd did chem giit Idn nhau? Bdn tiidn vipc chem giit ay khdng thd Id hdnh dpng cua eon ngudi, cua lodi ngudi.
Nguyin Trai dung ngdi but (khi tiii ngt np, khi thi fliuyit phuc, khi thi mgt hg, khi lgi de cao) d i khoi ggi Idn tinh ngudi ciia ede vidn tudng chi huy gidc Mmh. Chinh vi thd, tu tudng nhdn nghta cua Nguyen Trdi Id gia trj c6 tinh toan ciu. Nd phdi Id nguyen tic nen tdng dd xdy dyng cac gid trj khde tiong thdi dgi ngdy nay.
Tdi li^u tham khao
[1] Phan Dang Thanh (2008), "Phdp quyen Hi Quy Ly", trong: Hp Hd vd Hd Quy Ly trong lich sir (Nguydn Hien - DGc t i chuc bin thao), Tgp chi Xua vd Nay va Nxb van hoa Sai G6n, Tp. H i Chi Minh.
[2] Vdn Tgo (2006), Mudi cupc cdi cdch, ddi mdi Idn trong lich sie Vi4t Nam, Nxb Dgi hpc Su pham, Ha Npi.
[3] Nguyin Trpng Chuan (Chu bien) (2006), Lfch sir tu tucmg triet hpc Vi^t Nam. t.l, Nxb Khoa hpc xd hpi. Ha Npi.
[4] Nguyen DSng Thyc (1998), Lich sir tu tuang Vi4t Nam, t.5, Nxb Tp. H i Chi Minh, Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
[5] Phan Phu Tien viet: "Trieu thin biy gid nhu Le Ba Qudt, Phgm Su Mgnh muin tiiay dii che dp. Vua (Trin Minh Tong) noi: Nha nude da co phep tdc nhit djnh.
Nam Bic khac nhau, niu nghe theo ke
cua ke hpc tro mgt trang tim dudng tien than thi logn ngay". Dan theo: Nguyen Trpng Chuin (Chu bidn) (2006), sdd. tl, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hpi, Ha Npi.
[6] Cdng ty Dong A (2010), Dgi Vi^t sirky todn thu, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi.
[7] Nguyin Tai Thu (2012), "Hi Quy Ly:
Cupc thu nghipm v i xay dyng nen Nho hpc mang sdc thdi Vi^t Nam", Ky yeu Hpi thdo Mdi quan h$ giira Nho gido va cdc trdo luu tu tudng khdc trong ljch w tu tuang Vipt Nam vd Hdn Quoc do Vipn Triet hpc, Vipn Hdn lam Khoa hgc xa hpi Vipt Nam vd Trung tam Nghien cihi Nho giao - Dgi hpc Chung Nam Han Quoc to chGc.
[8] Nguyin Tai Thu (1997), Nho hpc va Nho hpc a Vi^t Nam (Mgt so vdn de ly lugn va thuc tien), Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi.
[9] Xem tiiem: Bui Duy Tan (2008), "Hi Quy Ly qua tho van ciia Nguyin Trai", trong:
Hg Hd vd Hd Quy Ly trong lich su (Nguyin Hien - DGc td chdc bin thao), Tgp chi Xua vd Nay vk Nxb Van h6a Sal Gdn, Tp. H i Chi Minh.
[10] Trung tam Nghien cGu Quic hpc (1998),
"Thu gdi thai gidm Son Thp", Ngftyen Tr&
todn tgp tdn bien, 1.1, Nxb Van hpc, Ha Npi vd Tmng tam Nghien ciru Quic hpc.
[11] Nguyin Cdng Ly (2011), "Danh nhan Nguyin Trai: Sy hpi ty nhOng tinh hoa ciia van hoa Thang Long thdi L^ - Tran", Tgp chi Hdn Ndm, s i I (104).
[12] Nguyen Tai Thu (Chd bien) (1993), i/cA su tu tudng Vipt Nam, t.l, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi.
[13] Nguyen Hiin - DGc t i chGc bin thio (2008), Hp H i vd Ho Quy Ly trong ljch sG, Tgp chi Xua vd Nay, Nxb Van hoa Sai G6n, Tp. H i Chi Minh.
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