Tu tirong H6 Chi Minh \e y due va sy van dung & Viet Nam
Chu Thi Thanh Vui'
' Tmcmg Dai hgc Dieu du&ng Nam Djnh.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 20 thang 5 nam 2019. Chap nhan dang ngay 17 thang 6 nam 2019
Tom tat: Ho Chi Minh la mpt trong nhung lanh tu each mang ban nhilu nhit vd dao due, la tim gucmg mlu muc vk thuc hanh dao dire each mang. Dac biet, Ngudi rat quan tam ddn y diie. Nghd y la mpt nghe dac thii, cao quy, lien quan true tidp ddn tinh mang va sire khoe eon ngudi, nen doi hoi moi can bp, nhan vien nganh y te can phai nang cao trinh dp ehuyen mon, tinh than trach nhiem, tan tuy phuc vu va co dao dfic nghe nghiep. Tu tudng cua Hfi Chi Minh ve y diic co noi dung khoa hoc sau sac va co y nghia thuc tien to ldn. Ngay nay, ngudi thay thude Viet Nam can phai hpc tap va lam theo tu tudng ctia Ho Chi Minh ve y due, can phai ren luyen, phan dau, tu duong nhieu han niia de xiing dang vdi Idi day eua Ngudi "Thay thuoc phai nhu me hien".
Tir khoa: Thay thuoc, y due, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh.
Phan loai nganh: Triet hpc
Abstract: Ho Chi Minh is one of the revolutionary leaders who discussed ethics the most, being himself a great example of practising revolutionary ethics. Especially, He paid great attention to medical ethics. The job of physicians is special and noble, and directly related to the health and lives of people, so it requires each cadre and staff of the heahh sector lo improve their expertise, raising their sense of responsibility, being committed to their service and having the ethics ofthe job. Ho Chi Minh's tiiought on medical ethics bears profound scientific content and great practical significance. Vietnamese physicians today n^ed to study and follow the thought, and need to practice and improve themselves more and more to be deserving examples of what He taught -
"Physicians shall be like caring and gentle mothers".
Keywords: Physicians, medical ethics. Ho Chi Minh thought.
Subject classification: Philosophy
63
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, sd 7 - 2019 1. Md dau
Trong he thfing tu tuomg cua Hd Chi Minh cd tu tuong ve dao due ndi chung va y dfic noi ridng. Tu tuorng cua Hfi Chi Minh ve dao due nguoi thay thudc cd ndi dung khoa hgc sau sac va cd y nghia thyc tiln to ldn.
Da cd nhidu cong trinh nghidn ciiu tu tuong ciia Hfi Chi Minh vd dao dfic nguoi thiy thudc va sy van dung tu tuong do d ngudi thdy thufic Viet Nara. Tuy nhien, gia tri ttong tu tudng cua Hfi Chi Minh vd dao dfic ngudi thay thufic van cdn dugc nghidn cfiu lam sang tfi ban, dac bidt, cdn dugc nguoi thdy thufic Viet Nam van dung tfit hem. Bai vidt nay phan tich tu tudng Hfi Chi Minh vd y dfic va sy van dung d Viet Nam hidn nay.
2. Tu- tu-dng cua Ho Chi Minh v^ y dij*c Trong suot cupc ddi hoat dgng ciia minh, Hfi Chi Minh luon the hien ro va dac bidt coi ttgng vide ttau dfii, ren luyen y due cho ngudi can bp y td. Ngay khi Cach mang thang Tam thanh cfing, Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh da dgc bidt quan tdm ddn giao due dao dfic each mgng cho can bp nganh y td.
Ngudi da dd lgi nhidu di huan quy bau ve y dfic. Trong thu gui Traong Quan y nam 1946, tgi Hfii nghi Quan y nam 1948, Hpi nghi Y td toan qufic 1953, Nguoi deu nhan manh den due hy sinh, long tan tdm phuc vu ciing nhu y thfic ki ludt tinh tiian trach nhiem cua can bg nhdn vien nganh y td.
Trong thu giii Hfii nghi Quan y thang 8- 1948, Hd Chi Minh viet: "Ngudi tiiiy tiiudc ching nhiing cd nhiem vu ciiu chfia bdnh tat raa cdn phai nang dd tinh thin nhfing ngudi fim ydu" [3, t.5, tt.395]. Theo Nguoi,
dd hoan thanh tfit nhiem vu cao ca cuu nguoi, ngudi thiy thuoc phai cd nhidm vy
"nang dd tinh thin nguoi 6m yeu", phai co long yeu nghd, coi bdnh nhdn dau nhu chinh minh dau, phai coi vide cham sfic cho benh nhdn la le sfing, la nidm vui, la hgnh phuc cua chinh ban thdn minh; phai co Mnh dp chuydn mon y tiiudt, phai la ngudi ban tinh thin, giup do- dfing vien tiiih tiiin nguoi bdnh. Ngudi thiy thufic phai dh cao dao due nghe nghiep, phai tiiyc hien dao dfic mfit each hoan toan ty nguyen, khong vy lpi;
phai coi hgnh phuc cua ngudi baih la hgnh phiic cua chinh minh; phai hdt sfic tan tinh, hun diic ttong ban thdn minh long yeu nghd; phai ham me cfing vide, khfing ngfing phan dau, ren luyen ndng cao ttinh dp chuydn mon. Trong thu gui Hpi nghi Can bfi y te toan qudc nam 1953, Ngudi viet:
"Sfic khde cua can bfi va nhdn ddn dugc dam bao thi tinh thin cang hang hai. Tinh thin va sue khfie cang day du thi khang chien cang nhieu thang lgi, kien qufic cang mau thanh cong. Nhidm vu ay cd hai phan:
Phdng bdnh ciing cin thidt nhu tri bdnh, dd lam ttdn nhidm vy ay can bp y te can phai:
thuong ydu ngudi benh nhu anh em mgt thit. c i n phai tan tdm, tan lyc phung sy nhdn ddn" [4, t.7, tt.ll]. Tai Hfii nghi Can bp y td (2-1955), Ngudi da viet: "Ngudi bdnh phd thac tinh menh cua ho noi cac cfi, cac chu. Chinh phu pho thac cho cac cfi, cac chu vide chfia bdnh tgt va cham sdc sue khde cho dfing bao. Dfi la mfit nhidm vu rit ve vang. Vi vgy, can bfi cdn phai thuong ydu, san sdc ngudi bdnh nhu anh em rapt thit cua rainh, coi hg dau ddn nhu minh dau ddn. Luong y phai nhu tfi mau, cdu iy nfii rit dung" [4, t.7, tt.476]. 6 tu tuorng nay, Ngudi khing dinh ring, ngudi flidy thufic
Chu Thi Thanh Vui CO sfi mpnh cao ca va ttach nhiem to Ion dfii
vdi con ngudi, dfii voi xa hpi; giao due y due la rapt npi dung can dugc quan tara d bit cfi tiioi dgi nao, xa hfii nao. Nhu vgy, Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh da lara ro them tdm quan ttpng ciia vide ndng cao y due cung nhu tim quan ttgng cua viec khfing ngiing ndng cao ve chuyen mfin nghidp vy cua ngudi thdy thufic.
Dfii vdi con duorng phat trien ndn y td nudc nha, Ngudi ndi rang: "Y hpc phai dua tten nguydn tic khoa hgc, dan tgc, dai chfing. Ong cha ta ngay trade cd nhidu kinh nghidm qu^ bau vd each chfia benh bang thufic ta, tiiuoc bic. De md rgng phgm vi y hpc, cac cfi, cac chu ciing ndn chu ttpng nghidn cfiu va phdi hgp thufic dfing va thufic tay" [4, t.7, tt.476]. Thudc tay chfia duoc nhidu benh, nhung cung cd bdnh chfia khdng dugc ma thufic ta chfia dugc; thufic ta chfia dugc nhidu benh, nhung cung cd benh chua khong dugc ma thudc tdy chfia dugc... Ben nao cung cd cai uu diem, hai cai uu diera cpng lai thi chua dugc bdnh tot cho dfing bao, cho nhdn dan, phuc vu cho xay dyng chu nghia xa hgi. Thdy thudc tay phai hpc dfing y, thdy thudc ta cung phai hpc tay y... Thay thufic ta va thdy thufic tay ddu phuc vu nhan dan, nhu ngudi cd hai cai tay, hai ban tay cung Iam vide thi lam vide dugc tdt, cho ndn phai doan kdt tfi tten xuong dudi, tfi dudi len, doan kdt thufic ta va tiiufic tay thanh mfit khfii de chfia bdnh cho dfing bao. Tu tudng nay chinh la tu tuong ket hgp gifia y hpc hidn dai va y hgc ddn tfic. Tu tuorng nay la sy dinh hudng diing din cho Dang va Nha nudc ttong vide phat tridn nganh y td.
Luong tdm la mfit phuong didn cua dao diic nguoi thdy thufic. Trong Thu gfii Hgi
nghi Qudn y thang 8-1948 Ngudi viet ring, ngudi thdy thufic chang nhung cd nhiera vu cfiu chfia bdnh tat raa cdn phai ndng do tinh than cho nhiing ngudi fim ydu; "luong y kiem tfi mau". Tu tuorng "luong y kidm tfi mau" dugc co nghXa la ngudi thiy thufic phai cd luong tara va trach nhiem cao vdi ngudi benh nhu ngudi rae ddi voi con cua minh. Luong tdm cua ngudi thay thufic ttong quan he voi ngudi benh the hien d hanh vi dao due va tinh cam dgo due. Hanh vi dao dfic la nhirng hanh vi cd dgng co bdn ttong phu hgp nhung yeu cdu va chudn myc dgo dfic cfia xa hpi. Tinh cara dgo due cua nguoi thdy thufic la dfing lyc, nhihig dfic tinh da ttd thanh thdi quen, thuc day ngudi thdy thudc hanh dpng sao cho phfi hgp vdi chuin myc dgo due cua xa hpi. Tinh cam dao dfic cfi chfic nang thuc day ngudi thay thufic tiiuc hidn hanh vi dgo dfic va tu danh gia hanh vi dgo dfic cua minh. Luong tam cd chfic nang ty danh gia hanh vi dgo dfic cua con ngudi, ndn nd vfia la hien tugng tmh cam, vfia la hidn tugng tti tue. Luang tam nghd nghiep ttong sang la co sd dd hinh thanh nhung dfic tmh can phai cfi cua ngudi thiy thudc dfii vdi nguoi bdnh (nhu thai do diu dang, nidra nd khi tidp xuc vdi ngudi bdnh; chiu khd, chiu khfi, tan tdm, tan lyc khi tham kham va didu tti; kinh gia, yeu tte, lich sy vdi phu nu ttong quan he xa hdi).
Luang tam ngudi thiy thufic cdn la co sd de hinh thanh sy cam thfing sau sic vdi noi dau cua ngudi bdnh, tfi dd nay sinh tinh thuang yeu va thai do san sdc ngudi benh tan tinh chu dao; hinh tiianh dfic tinh can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cfing vfi tu cfia dgo dfic each mgng ttong cfing vide chuyen rafin. Luong tara va nghia vu la hai raat thong nhit bidn chfing voi nhau ttong dao dfic cua ngudi thiy tiiufic. Trong quan he
65
Khoa hpc xa hgi Vi^t Nam, sd 7 - 2019 nay, luong tam la npi dung, nghia vu la hinh thuc bidu hien cua luong tam, do luong tdm quy dinh. Luong y kiem tfi mau con dugc hidu la ngudi thay thufic vfia phai cd dao dfic, vfia phai cd tai nang chuydn mfin.
Theo Chvi tich Hd Chi Minh, "dfic" la thudc do luong tam va nghia vu cua ngudi thay thudc dfii vdi nguoi bdnh, la ydu cdu can ban, la gfic cua ngudi thay thufic; cdn
"tai" la nang luc chuyen rafin bidu hidn d tinh hidu qua ttong vide chara sdc, bao ve sue khde va kham chfia bdnh cho nhan dan. Chfi tich Hd Chi Mmh cho rang, dfic va tai cd quan he mat thidt vdi nhau. Trong quan he do, due phai dfing trudc tai, cung nhu hfing phdi diing tindc chuydn; vi vdy phai cd chinh tii trade rfii radi cfi chuyen mfin, chinh tri la dfic, chuydn rafin la tai. Cfi tai raa khfing cfi due la hdng... Ngudi khing dinh: "Cd tai phai CO due. Cfi tai khdng cfi due, tiiam 6 hu hfia CO hai cho nudc. Cd dfic khong cd tai nhu fing but ngdi ttong chua, khdng giup ich dugc cho ai" [4, t.8, tt.l84]. Trong nghd y dfic la CO sd, dfing lyc cho mgi hanh vi ciia thiy thufic ddi vdi ngudi bdnh. Khi cd due, tai gdp phin Iam cho due cang Ion va sang hon. Ngupc lgi, ndu thdy thudc chi cd tai ma thidu due thi tai nang ay cung cfi nguy co bi Iam dung phuc vu cho toan tinh ich ky, gdy tfin hgi ddn lgi ich cua ngudi benh.
Theo Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh, nghd thiy thuoc la mgt nghd dac bidt, true tidp lien quan den siic khfie, tinh mdnh cua con ngudi. Tinh mgng va sue khde cfia ngudi dan dugc phd thac cho ngudi thdy thufic, vi thd ma xa hpi lufin cd nhung ddi hdi rdt cao vd chuydn mfin va nhat la tinh than phuc vu, vd dgo dfic moi ngudi thdy thudc. Thay thufic phai giau Idng nhan ai, khdng nhfing
cd nhiera vy chiia bdnh ma cdn nang cao tinh thin cho ngudi bdnh ttong khi hg dang gap hoan canh khd khan. Theo Ngudi, y due cua ngudi thiy thufic la luong tdm dgo due, la ttach nhiem bon phgn cua ngudi thiy thufic. Ngudi cdn phan tich, ngudi y ta khfing nhiing la mpt nghd nghidp, ma cdn la nghia vu. Vide gifi gin, bfii duong sfic khde cua dan tfic, ngudi y ta phai ganh mfit phdn quan ttpng. Dd hoan thanh tfit nhidm vy cao ca vfia "ciiu chfia benh" vua "ndng da tinh tiidn nhung ngudi fim ydu" ddi hfii nguoi can bfi y td phai co ldng yen nganh, ydu nghd, coi vide cham sdc sue khde nhdn ddn la le sdng, la nidm vui, ia hanh phuc cua chinh ban tiidn minh. Trong hogt dfing cua nguoi thiy thufic thi quan he gifia ngudi thay tiiufic va benh nhan la quan he chu ydu va dac bidt, dd la nguoi benh lufin d thd hi dfing, thd phu thupc vao ngudi thdy thufic, hp con lo ling vd sfic khfie va vide chi phi tidn bgc dd chfia bdnh, nhung cung cd nhidu ngudi sin sang bd rit nhidu tien mong lay lgi sfic khde, hg khfing cd chuyen mfin nen hoan toan phu thufic vao bac si. Vdi vai ttd la ngudi thiy thufic neu hg khfing cd luong tdm, ttach nhiera thi hg rat dd lpi dung tmh thd nay dd gdy khd de cho nguoi bdnh, khfing nhiet tinh, chfia cho xong hogc hi dfing tidn chi phoi. Nhu vdy de hoan thanh tfit nhidm vy cua minh, ngudi thay thufic cdn hpi tiJ ca nang lyc chuyen mfin va dao dfic nghd nghiep thi mdi thyc hidn dugc sfi raenh cua minh la tri benh cuu ngudi.
Trade tiiuc ttang tieu cue vd y due ttong cac bdnh vien vdi nhidu bieu hidn phfic tgp nhu hien nay, "cac nguyen tac tap trung dan chu, ty phd binh va phd bmh d nhidu noi vua bi bufing Ifing ttong thyc hidn, vfia chua dugc quy dinh cu the dd lam co sd cho cfing tac kidm tta, giara sat" [1, tt.24] tiii ldi 66
Chu Thi Thanh Vui dgy cua Chfi tich Hfi Chi Minh: luong y
kidm tii man phai dugc xac dinh la cai bit bidn dd nganh y td ren luyen thudng xuydn, dimg de ling van bien. Dau ttong co chd thi tiu:dng, nhieu quan he gifia nguoi vdi nguoi dang bi thuong mgi hoa, an tinh thiy thufic - bdnh nhan cfing dd chim vao qudn lang, song xa hgi hien dgi van ludn ddi hdi cac thdy thudc phai nd lyc gin giu, phat huy tinh nhan dgo, nhdn van cao ca ttong lao dpng nghd nghiep cua hp.
3. Van dung tu- tu-dng ciia Ho Chi Minh ve y dire d ngirM thay thuoc Viet Nam hien nay
Vdn dd ndng cao dao dfic each mang cho can bfi y te da dugc Dang va Nha nudc, cac ban nganh lidn quan quan tdra sau sic. Dudi anh sang tu tudng Hfi Chi Minh, chu traong, dudng Ifii cua Dang, chinh sach phap ludt cua Nha nudc, nganh y td qua cac giai dogn phat tridn da xay dyng nen rapt he thfing quy tac, chudn myc ve y dfic ddy du, toan didn, phong phu, sdu sic mang dara tmh nhdn van. Dang va Nha nudc da ban hanh nhidu van ban vd chinh sach va phap luat lien quan den su phat trien nganh y td, xay dyng dpi ngu nhdn luc y td nhu: Chi thi 04/CT- BYT vd y dfic; Quydt dinh sfi 2088/QD-BYT (1996) gfim 12 didu vd tidu chuan dgo dfic cua nguoi Iam cfing tac y td;
Quydt dinh sfi 2526 QD-BYT (1999) vd kiem tra, danh gia hoat dpng cfing tac chuyen mfin, tap tiimg danh gia vide thuc hien cac tidu chuan cu thd phin diu vd y due... Cac van ban nay da va dang dugc thyc hidn va dgt dugc nhiing kdt qua ro ret.
Hdu hdt can bg nganh y d Viet Nam ddu
thyc hidn tfit cac chuin myc vd y due theo tti mfirng Hfi Chi Minh.
Tuy nhidn, bdn cgnh mat tich cue do, dgo due nghd nghiep cua rapt bfi phgn can bg nganh y dang xuong cip. Do tac dfing cua doi sfing kinh td - xa hfii, mat ttai ndn kinh te thi tiudng, ndn y dfic cung phai ttai qua nhfing budc tiiang ttim, thgm chi cd luc suy thoai, xudng cap. Tinh ttgng "suy tiioai vd tu tuorng chinh tri, dao due, lfii sfing, te thara nhfing, lang phi, hu hfing" [1, tt.15]
dang didn ra ttong rapt bp phan khfing nhfi can bp dang vidn va nguoi thiy thufic. Hien tugng thidu tinh thdn ttach nhidm ciia can bp y td khi lam nhidm vu, gdy tac hai den tinh ragng, sfic khfie cfia ngudi benh. Dac bidt, cd sy phan biet ddi xfi vdi bdnh nhan, ngudi cd tien thi dupc quan tdm, cham sfic chu dao tan tinh, dugc kd thufic tfit, cdn ngudi ngheo thi bi phdn bidt dfii xfi, tiid a, khfing dugc quan tam. Sy xufing cip dao dfic d rapt bp phgn khfing nhfi ngudi thdy thufic da anh huong tieu cyc den cong tac bao ve, cham sfic sue khde cho nhan dan va su phat tridn cua nganh y te. De day lui su xufing cap dao dfic ttong nganh y, dpi ngu ngudi thay thufic phai hpc tap, lara theo tu tudng y due Ho Chi Minh. Hg can phdn ddu ttd thanh nguoi thay thuoc dfic dp, bao dung, ydu thuang nguoi bdnh nhu me hidn.
Day la nhidm vu dat ra het sue vd vang nhung cung vfi ciing khfi khan ddi voi can bp nganh y td. Theo Ld Ngpc Trpng:
"Thach thfic Ion nhdt, ndng bdng nhdt la doi hfii nang cao y dfic trade ndn kinh td van hanh theo co chd thi traong. Hidn tupng phi ngim xudt hien la mfit tfin tai nhfic nhfii va dang lam xdi mdn luong tam, dao dfic khfing it ngudi hanh nghd y" [7, tt.65]. Dd nang cao hidu qua van dyng tu tuong cua Hfi Chi Minh ve y dfic, can bfi y td ttong
67
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 7 - 2019 giai doan hien nay can phai tgp tnmg d nhfing npi dung sau:
Thu nhdt, ckn tang cudng cfing tac giao due y dfic cho dpi ngu nhiing nguoi hogt dfing ttong linh vyc y td. Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh chi ra rang: Dao dfic each mang khfing phai tfi ttdn ttoi sa xudng. Nd do dau ttanh, ren luyen ben bi hang ngay ma phat ttidn va ciing cfi. Cung nhu nggc cang mai cang sang, vang cang luyen cang ttong.
Ddng thoi Nguoi cdn ndi: "Mufin got rua sgch nhung vdt tich xau xa cua xa hfii cu, mufin ren luyen dao dfic each mang, thi chfing ta phai ra sue hpc tap, tu duong, ty cai tao de tidn bd mai. Ndu khfing cfi gang dd tidn bd, thi tuc la thoai bg, la Igc hau" [4, t.9, tt.284]. Cfing tac giao due y due cho can bfi y td la dgc bidt quan ttgng. Cdng tac giao due y td phai dugc tidn hanh thuong xuydn, nghidra tuc ngay khi ngudi can bd y te cdn dang ttong qua trinh dao tao tgi cac tradng y va trong sudt qua ttinh hanh nghd.
Y due khong ty nhien ma cd, nd chi dugc xay dyng va hinh thanh thdng qua cac con duorng giao dye. Cac tradng y, cac co so y te, bdnh vidn can phai coi giao due y dfic la mfit ttong nhiing nhiem vu gan Udn vdi cfing tac dao tgo, cfing tac quan ly hogt dfing chuydn mdn, quan ly hogt dpng nghe nghiep; cdn tao ra nhung dieu kidn thugn lgi dd mfii nguoi thay thufic ren luyen, tu duong dgo dfic ngay ttong hogt dgng chuyen mfin, nghd nghiep, ttong quan he sfing cua hg.
Y dfic cua nguoi thay thuoc lufin gan vdi nang lyc va ttinh dp chuydn mon. Neu thdy thuoc chuin doan sai lech, didu tti khong chinh xac va xay ra hdu qua dang tide, thi hg ciing khfing thd la ngudi thiy thufic cfi y dfic, tan tam vdi ngudi benh dugc. Ddng thdi mudn giao dye ngudi khac sfing dgo
dfic thi bdn than ngudi lam cfing tac giao dye cin phai sfing cd dao dfic. Giao due dgo due la cdng vide cua ca xa hfii, moi ngum.
Ca l§nh dao cung nhu nguoi dan deu vfia la chu thk, dfing tiidi lai vfia la doi Wpng cua giao dye dgo dfic. Moi ngudi Viet Nam ddu cd thd lam vide tfit de ttd thanh nguoi tfit, ttd tiianh tdm guong vd mat dao due. Vi thk, Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh nhdc nhd ckn bp: "nhfing guang ngudi tot lam vide tot mufin hinh mufin ve la vat lieu quy dd cac chfi xay dyng con ngudi... Ldy guang nguoi tfit, vide tfit dd hang ngay giao due ldn nhau ia nigt ttong nhiing each tot nhat dk xdy dung Dang, xay dyng cac tfi chfic each mgng, xay dung con nguoi mdi, cuoc sdng mdi" [4, t . l 2 , tt.558]. N h u vdy dd nang cao y due cho can bp y td, trade het, nhiing ngudi thay, ngudi lanh dao phai la tim guong dao dfic de ngudi hgc sinh, cdp dudi noi theo. Nghd y la mfit nghd cao qu^, dugc xa hfii tfin vinh, nhiing ngudi thdy thufic phai khfing ngyng hpc tap, nang cao tiinh do chuyen mon, ren luyen y dfic.
Dung nhu Vii Hoai Nam nhdn manh:
"Nganh y la mfit nganh co lien quan tiTJC tiep den sue khfie va tinh mang cfia con ngudi. Do la vfin quy nhat, ndn ddi hdi ngudi lam vide ttong nganh y cang phai cfi phdm chdt dao due dac bidt" [5, tt.31].
Chinh vi the, ban than cac can bfi y td cung phai luon ty giac bfli duong, ren luydn y dfic, hgc tap tidp thu nhiing tinh hoa y hpc hidn dai va ke thfia y hgc cfi traydn dan tpc.
Nguoi can bfi y td phai ydu thuang con ngudi, khoan dung do lugng, lufin dpng vidn gifip do ngudi bdnh, hp phai tan tuy vdi nghd, ham md cfing vide, khfing ngfing phin diu dk nang cao trinh dp chuyen mfin.
Trong nen kinh td thi truang hien nay, hp lai cin phdi nghien cuu van dung y dfic va
Chu Thi Thanh Vui tuy vi tti cfing tac cua minh dd tgo dieu kidn
hoan thanh tot nhidm vu dugc giao do chinh la tiid hidn tinh than ttach nhidm vdi nghd nghiep, thuc hien ldi dgy cua Nguoi.
Thu hai, can da dang hda cac hinh thfic giao dye dgo dfic cho ngudi thay thuoc.
Hmh thfic giao dye traydn thfing nhu tuydn tmydn, giang dgy nhung chuan myc dgo due cua ngudi thay thuoc. Viec hpc tap nay dugc thyc hien qua cac dgt tap huan, cac Idp hpc ngan hgn theo dinh ky. Trong cac ldp hpc cdn thdng tin, cung cdp kip thdi cho tit ca cac thay thufic nhiing yeu cdu radi, nhiing vdn dd nay sinh tfi thyc tidn kham, chua bdnh d ttong nudc ciing nhu the gidi.
Cac tiiay thufic can cap nhdt nhiing thanh tyu, nhfing tdra guong y dfic dd hpc tap va Cling dua ra phe phan nhiing hanh vi thidu dao dfic, thieu ttach nhidra. Dua ra nhung Iy giai, nhfing danh gia, dd xudt ca nhdn vd nhiing van de dgo dfic nay sinh dd tira each khac phuc. Vd raat thyc hanh, quan tridt tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, dao dfic each raang khfing phai tfi tten ttdi sa xufing, nd do ren luyen, tu duong khfing ngiing ma hinh thanh va phat ttidn. Can day mgnh giao dye dgo dfic cho ngudi thdy thuoc chinh ngay ttong qua ttinh hanh nghe, kham chfia bdnh, thuc hidn cac quan he cua hp ca vdi tu each ngudi thay thudc, ca vdi tu each ngudi cdng dan. Theo nghia do, nganh y td, cac co sd y td, benh vidn can gan giao due dao dfic vdi viec tgo cac dieu kien thugn lgi ttong hanh nghe cua ngudi thay thudc, giup nguoi thdy thufic ren luyen va the hidn y due qua cac quan he xa hpi, voi benh nhdn, vdi dong nghiep va vdi chinh ban than. Bdn cgnh dfi, khuyen khich cac thdy thufic thara gia cac lop tap huan, cac hoat dpng nghien cfiu khoa hgc, cac hogt dgng chinh t r i - x a hpi (nhu kham chua benh mien phi cho ngudi
ngheo vung sau, vung xa, cac phong ttao hidn mau tinh nguyen, lam tii tiiien...). Tit ca nhfing phong ttao, nhiing hogt dpng ttdn ddu rat can thidt, mfii hinh thfic giao due ddu cd vai ttd va vi tri nhit dinh, tuy nhidn mfii CO sd y td, radi bdnh vidn can chu dfing va tich cyc sang tao nhieu hinh thuc, nhidu bien phap cu the dd giao due, qua dfi nang cao chat lupng va hidu qua cua cfing tac giao due dgo dfic cho ngudi thay thufic d nudc ta hien nay.
Thie ba, can phat huy tinh chu dpng, tich cyc va tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho ngudi thay thuoc tu giao due, tu ren luyen, tu duong dgo dfic. Dd nang cao hidu qua ciia giao due dgo dfic cho nguoi thay thudc hidn nay, bdn canh vide day mgnh va ndng cao chat lugng cac hinh thfic, cac bien phap giao due, thi can khuydn khich tinh chu dpng, tich cyc va tgo didu kidn thudn lgi cho ngudi thay thudc ty giao dye, ren luyen, tu duong dgo dfic. Qua ttinh ty giao due dgo dfic cua nguoi thay thufic cd mdt vi tri dgc bidt khfing thd thay thd. Qua ttinh ty giao due, khach thd ty bidn minh thanh
"chii thd", chu ddng tiep nhdn nhfing tac dpng tfi bdn ngoai dd ty giao due, ty ren luyen ban thdn, day la ydu tfi rat can tiiidt ttong tu dudng dgo dfic cua ngudi thiy thufic. Dd lam dugc didu nay doi hdi chu thd (tfic la ngudi thay thufic) phdi cd mfit nghi luc, y chi quydt tam cao, chien thang dugc ban thdn, vugt ldn ttdn nhiing han chd cua ban than. De ty giao due dgo dfic cua nguoi thiy thufic cd hieu qua cao, ban thdn nguoi thiy thuoc phai nhdn thfic dugc yeu ciu cfia xa hgi, ciia tap the, phai cd ly tudng sfing, ttach nhi?m va luong tdm nghd nghiep, biet tuan tiifi theo nhung nguyen tic, chuin muc cua xa hpi, kien quyet dau ttanh vdi nhfing tieu cyc, ung hp mgnh me
69
Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, so 7 - 2019 nhiing cai tich cyc ttong quan he vdi benh nhan, voi dfing nghiep va vdi ban than.
Quan he giua thdy thufic va bdnh nhdn la quan he, ma qua do dao due nguoi thiy thufic thd hien ragt each tryc tidp va chu yen nhdt. Quan he nay chi phfii tit ca cac quan hd khac cua ngudi thiy thufic. Theo nguydn tic chung cua Hgi dfing Y hpc thd gioi, ttong quan he vdi bdnh nhan, nguoi thay thufic phai thfia nhgn va ton ttpng cac quydn cfia bdnh nhan. Hg cd quyen dugc bao vd va cham sdc sfic khde, quydn dugc tidp can cac dich vu y te, quydn dupc ty do lya chgn bac si, quydn dugc ra quydt dinh voi ban than. Trong mpi hoan canh, ngudi thay thufic phai hanh dfing vi quydn lgi cua bdnh nhdn, khfing lam bat cfi didu gi cd hai cho bdnh nhan hay lam ngng them tinh ttang benh cua hp. Ngudi thdy thufic phai tan tdm kham chua benh, chara sdc benh nhan, khfing phdn bidt dfii xir vai ngaai bdnh, khfing gay phidn ha cho benh nhan.
Trong tham kham, cham sfic bdnh nhan, thdy thufic phai an can, ljch sy, phai giai thich tinh hinh bdnh tdt cho bdnh nhdn va ngudi nha cua hp hidu dd cung hpp tac chfia bdnh, phfi bidn chd dp, chinh sach quyen Igi, nghia vu, dfing vidn, an ui, khuydn khich tap luyen. Dd lam dugc nhung didu nay, ngudi thay thufic can co tay nghe chuyen mfin tfit cpng vdi cai tam cua nguoi thay thudc, vdi sy tu dudng dgo dfic cua ngudi thdy thufic, do la qua trinh tu tu duang tu, ren luyen.
Trong quan he gifia nguoi thdy thufic va dfing nghidp, ngudi thdy thuoc can phai thiy cfi trach nhidm chung phan diu vi nhung gia tri nghd nghidp. Dd la long nhdn ai, luong tam ttong sang, tinh than tuong ttg, tinh khidm tfin quan tam ddn nhau.
Ngudi dfing nghiep ddu tien cfia ngudi tiiay
thuoc la cac bgc thiy cua hp, dan dit hp vao nghd, hp cdn tfin ttpng tri dn cac bdc thay, phan dau xfing dang voi cac bgc thay ttong vide kham chua benh, cham sdc sfic khde nhdn ddn. Cin thyc hidn tfit Idi can dan cfia Chfi tich Hfi Chi Minh: "Trudc hdt phai that tiia, doan ket - doan kdt la sfic manh cua chfing ta. Doan kdt gifia can bg cu va can bg mdi. Doan kdt gifia tit ca nhfing nguoi ttong nganh y td, tir cac bfi tiuong, tiifi traong, bac si, dugc si cho ddn anh chi em gifip vipc. Bdi vi cfing vide tuy vi til cd khac nhau, nhung ngudi nao ciing la mfit bp phdn cin thidt ttong nganh y td, ttong viec phuc vy nhan ddn" [4, t.7, tt.476]. Nhu vgy ttong mfii quan he voi dfing nghidp, ty ban than ngudi thay thudc can tfin ttgng ki nang va nhiing ddng gdp cua dfing nghidp, co thien chi, giai quydt, ho ttg vd rapi van dd ttong qua trinh lam vide, coi ttpng vide chia se thfing tin voi dong nghiep. Didu nay se gifip phat tridn nang lyc chuyen mfin, tgo dyng sy doan kdt, tin cdy, tuong ttg lln nhau, qua dd gifip hoan thanh tfit nhidm vu cua moi ca nhan va ca tap the.
Dd nang cao hidu qua hogt dgng ty giao dye y dfic cua ngudi thdy thufic thi cdn nhan thfic sau sac muc dich, y nghia cua hoat dgng ty giao due, xay dung y chi, tdm quan ttpng ty giao due, ty bfii duong nhira ndng cao y dfic cho ban thdn. Trdn co sd kdt qua giao dye y due cua dan vi, su hudng dan gifip dd cua dong nghiep, ngudi thiy thufic can quan tridt sau sic chfic ttach nhidm vu dugc giao, cimg voi nfii dung, each tiific, phuong phap ty giao dye, tu bfii duong nang lyc cua minh; cin ty hgc tap, ty bdi duong ndng cao phdm chat dgo due nghd nghiep. Kd hogch ty giao due, ty bfii duong y dfic cua ngudi thiy thufic cin dugc xay dung tiieo mgt quy trinh chat che, ngi 70
Chu Thi Thanh Vui dung tu giao due phai toan didn ca ve kien
thfic, kinh nghiem, kT nang nghd nghidp ddn nhiing nguyen tac, quy tac, chudn myc y dfic. Ngudi thiy thufic cdn hudng hogt ddng ty giao due cfia minh vao nhftng npi dung cu thd theo chfic ttach, nhidm vy chuyen mfin; cin co tinh thin ty ren luyen, ty phd binh de khic phuc loai trii nhfing thai dp, hanh vi cua ban than khfing phu hgp voi chuin muc y dfic can cd ttong hoat dfing chuydn mfin tgi don vi co sd. Ty giao due, tu ren luyen la qua trinh cfing phu, kidn tri nen khfing dugc nfin nfing, dot chay giai doan. Ngudi thiy thudc can nghiem tiic vdi chinh minh, chu dpng kidn tri thyc hidn kd hoach da dat ra bing nhung ndi dung va phuong phap ty giao due phfi hgp. Ban thdn Clia qua trinh nay la giai quydt tdt mfii quan he gifia qua trinh ty giao due va giao dye y dfic, bidn qua ttinh giao due thanh ty giao dye, phat ttidn va hoan thidn hon pham chit dao dfic cua ngudi thdy thufic nhan dan.
4. Ket luan
Nghe y la mdt nghd cao quy dugc xa hfii tfin vinh. Nhiing ngudi thay thudc phai khfing ngfing hpc tap nang cao trinh do chuyen mfin, ren luyen y dfic. Tu tudng cua Hfi Chi Minh ve y dfic rit sau sac va dang
soi dudng cho dpi ngu can bd y te vugt qua nhiing khd khan, thfi thach; dd hp tung budc xdy dyng va phat ttidn nganh, dap iing ydu cau ngay cang cao ttong sy nghidp bao vd va cham sdc sfic khde nhan ddn.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Dang Cpng san ViSt Nam (2012), Vdn kien Hpi nghi ldn thii tu Ban Chip hdnh Trung uang khoaXI. Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNpi.
[2] Lam V5n Dflng (2015), Gido di/c dgo due cho ngudi thay thudc d Vi^t Nam trong giai dogn hiin nay, Luan an tien sT triet hpc, Dai hpc Qu6c gia Ha Noi, Ha Npi.
[3] Hfi Chi Minh (1995), Todn tap t.5, Nxb Chinh tri qufic gia. Ha Npi.
[4] H6 Chi Minh (1996), Todn tap t7, 8, 9, 12, Nxb Chinh trj qufic gia. Ha Noi.
[5] Vu Hoai Nam (2014), "Nang cao y diic cua nguoi th5y thufic quan dpi hien nay", Tgp cht Xdy dung Ddng, so 9.
[6] Nguyln Quang Phiic va cpng sir (2008), Cdc gidi phdp kit hgp gido dye y diic thdng qua day hpc cdc many hpc chuyin ngdnh, Bao cao kk qua nghien ciiu dk tai khoa hpc cip nganh, Ha Npi.
[7] Le Ngpc Trpng (1997), Y diic, Qudn ly benh vi^n. Nxb Y hoc, Ha Npi.
