l i M t U K t i i i J U - a i u u i j V
Chat luong cong tac quan ly tien do thuc hien du an
dau tuxay dung
•KS.VUVANLAP
CONG TY X A Y D U N G KOTO. HQC VIEN CAO HOC C H U Y £ N NGANH Q U A N L V DU AN, TRUONG DAI HOC X A Y DUNG
• T S . NGUYEN V A N BAO
PHO T R U O N G B O M O N K I N H Tt NGHIEP VU, T R U O N G DAI HOC X A Y DUNG (Bai nhin ngay 15/05/2015, hoan ehinh sQa chQa ngiy 27/05/2015)
T 6 M TAT: CCing vdi sU phat trien ciia khoa hpc qudn ly dU dn, ngUcri lam cong tac qucin ly dir an trong nganh khdng chi quan tam den chKt lugng cong trinh xay dung, ma con phai qudn ly tot nhieu noi dung khac. TCr do nay sinh cac nhu cau qudn ly chat lugng cda cac hoat
ddng qudn ly du an, trong do co hoat dong qudn ly tien do. Bai viet nay lam ro khai niem vd noi dung qudn ly tien do duan dau tuxay dung, tU d6 vdn dung kien thuTc qudn ly chat lugng d l de xuat khai niem va noi dung chat lugng cdng tac qudn ly ti^n do dU dn dau tU xay dung, dong thdi chi ra cac nhan to anh hudng d^n chat lugng cua cdng tdc nay theo quan diem cua tac gid.
TCr khoa: DU an dau t u xay dung, ldp tien do, thUc hien tien do, chat lugng cdng tac qudn ly ti^n do
ABSTRACT: Along with project m a n a g e m e n t science, there have emerged the needs of managing multiple aspects of project m a n a g e m e n t . Experts and practitioners in this field have widened their focus and interest in project management, not only care about project quality, but also quality of project processes including project time management.
This paper clarifies concept and content of project time management, utilizing knowledge in quality management to propose concepts and content of the quality of project time management, then articulates factors influencing the quality of this job.
Keywords: Construction investment
project, schedule development, schedule
implementation, quality of project time
management
• NGHl£NCiniLtlI)«M (THEORETICAL
T
-ec chuan mUc quin ly du i n PMBOK (Projea Management Body of Knowledge - Cam nang de kiln thQc eo bin ve quin ly dQ In) ciia Viln Quan ly dy an (Project Management Institute - PMI) thi quan ly du an la vi|c ip dung cae kien thQc ky nlng, cdng cy vl ky thuit vio vile thuc hiln eic hoat ddng trong du In de dip Qng d c yeu clu dat ra. Dd la vile thuc hien mot chudi dc nhdm qui trinh: thilt lip dU an, hoaeh djnh du in, thuc hiln du an, theo ddi vl kiem soit duln, kit thue dQ In vdi nhieu npi dung quln ly d n thuc hiln nhuquin ly tdng the, pham vi, thdi gian, chi phi, chat luong, ngudn nhin iQc giao tilp.thdng tin, riii ro, mua sam, eie bin hQu quan, an toln, mdi trQdng, tli chinh vl khieu nai trong dQ in [3]. OQ In dau tu xly dyng cin thue hiln diy du eae ndi dung quln ly du In dl neu. Do do, trong thuc t l thuc hiln cic dU in dau tu xay dung, nhQng ngudi Ilm cdng lie quin ly du In phli iQu y din chat luong vile ihue hiln d c ndi dung quln I;? dU an da nlu d trin, trong dd die bilt la chat luong eiia edng tie quln ly tien dp thuc hien du in. Chat iQong ciia cdng tie quin ly tien do thQc hien dQ in neu duoc dim bio, se giup du an dat dupe tien do yeu d u .
Vin d l chit lupng cdng tie quln ly tlln dp du In dau tU xay dUng duoe nhifng ngQdi Ilm nghe xay dQng quan tim nhieu nhung chua duoc nhic din nhilu irong d c ly luin v l quln ly dU
Bai viet nay Ilm rd npi dung quin lyliln do du In diu tu xay dung, de xuit mdt cich hieu v l chat luong ciia cdng tie niy vl ehi ra d c nhin td anh hudng den chat luong hoat ddng quin ly tien dd cda chii diu tu trong cic duln dau tUxiydungdViltNam 1. KHAI N1$U VA NQI DUNG Q U A N L t TliN Dp THUC HfEN DU A N D A U TU X A T D U N G Quln ly tien do thuc hiln dy i n II viec tiln hanh dc hoat ddng quln ly sao eho dy In kit thuc dung thdi han yiu ciu. Khli nilm niy ed the Ip dung eho tat cl d c loai du In, trong dd cd ei du an dau tu xly dung Tuy nhiln, theode cich tilp d n khac nhau, cic nghien
cQu khic nhau chi ra d c ndi dung khac nhau d n thuc hien hudng tdi mue tieu quin ly tien 36 du In thinh cdng Theo chuan mQc PMBOK, cie qua trinh (process) quin ly tiln dd mdt duan bao gdm [3]'
- Lap kl hoach quln [y tiln dd;
-Xic dinh d c edng vilq - Sap xIp thQ tQ thyc hiln cle cdng vile
- Du tinh nguon luc thue hien edng vile,
- Du tinh thdi han thuc hiln cdng vile, - l-lp tien do;
- Kilm soit tiln do
Vdi de du an xay dung, chuan muc nay cdn bd sung them mdt sd qua trinh
nhu xiy dyng dudng eong tiln trinh vl theo ddi tien trinh thuc hiln dQln dua tren dudng cong tiln trinh dl dQOc xay dQng
0 Viet Nam, d l co nhQng hQdng dan iQ d c CO quan quan ly nhi nQde v l quln ly tlln dd thi edng xly dung cho cac du an ehiu sy dilu chinh cua Luit Xay dung, Theo quy dinh hiln hanh, de ndi dung quin iy tiln dd thi cdng xly dung nhu sau (Dieu 67, Luit Xay dung sd50/2014/QH13[1]):
- Ngudl quyet dinh diu tU quyit dinh thdi gian, tiln do thuc hiln khi phi duylt du an. Doi vdi edng trinh thudc du In sQ dung von ngin sach nhi nudc thi tiln do thi cong xay dung khdng dQOC vQot qui thdi gian thi cdng xly dung cdng trinh d l duoc ngQdi quyet dinh diu tu phe duylt - Chii dau tu nhi thiu thi cdng xly dung cdng trinh phli lip ke hoach tien dd bien phap thi cdng xiy dung va
2 6 • JKTfXAVDlftJG
quan ly thuc hiln du an theo tiln dp th) cdng xly dung dUOc duyet; Chii diu tu ed trich nhiem tam Qng, thanh toan khdi luong hoan thinh theo tien dd thuc hiln hop ddng xay dung Nghl ^nh 12/2009/Ne-CP (hien chua CO nghi dinh thay thi) cdn ndi rd ban d c ndi dung d n thye hiln de quin ly tien dd giai doan thi cdng xiy dung nhu sau [2].
- Cdng irinh xiy dung trudc khi tnen khai phai duoc lap tien dd thi cdng xay dung, phu hop vdi d c van ban quy dinh thdi gian dy i n d giai doan trude nhu tdng tien dd eua dU In da duoc phe duylt, vdi khoing thdi gian lip tien dd phu hop vdi quy md va thdi gian thi edng dQ an,
- Vile lap tien dd thi cdng xay dung chi net i l trich nhilm ciia nha thiu thi cdng xly dung cdng irinh, tuy nhiln, chu diu tu. tu vln gilm sit vl ngay d nha thiu thi cdng xly dung cung d c
bin cd liln quan diu cd trach nhilm theo ddi, gilm sit tiln dp thi cdng xiy dung edng trinh va dieu chlnh tien dd trong trudng hop tien dp thi cfing xly dung d mdt sd giai doan bj klo dli, nlu phii dilu chinh tdng tiln dd cua du In phii cd y kien eua nguoi quyit dinh dau tQ
Cd thi ndi, dii cd nhutig cich tilp d n khic nhau, nhung tuu trung i^i, dc ndi dung quln ly tien dp du an diu bao gdm*
- Lap vl phi duyet kl hoach tiln dd thuc hiln duln;
- Tnen khai thue hi|n k l hoach tiln dd, bao gdm vile dilu hanh, theo ddi, dinh gil mQc dp thQc hien kl hoach tiln do (bao gdm ea viec xQ ly d e van d l phit sinh, d p nhit, dilu chinh tiln do khi can thiet)
(THEORETICAL STUDY) NGHDgHCmJLVLUAKI
2. C H A T LUpNG CONG T A C Q U A N L V T l b l Dp DU AN D A U TUXATDVNG
Chit luong la mdt khli nilm dUOC sQ dung rdng rli, vl the, ed rat nhieu each dmh nghia khic nhau. Vdi sin pham hay dich vu, chat iQong ed the dQoe COI II mQc dp ml sin pham hay dich vu dip Qng dQOc mue dich da cd sin, dupc do bing sU phii hop ciia nd vdi d c thdng so hay tieu chuan duoc quy dinh trudc dd Ivlot each chung nhit, cd the hllu chat iQong la sQ dap Qng cua ket qui duoc thuc hien doi vdi yeu ciu cua cic bin hQu quan.
TQ khai nilm chit luong d trin, cd the quan mem chit luong cdng tie quln ly tlln dd du an dau tu xay dung la mQc dp thda min cac yeu cau vl mong dpi cua d c bin tham gia vao dUin ddi vdi thdi gian thuc hien du an, trong mdi quan he vdi viee dim bao dat duoc d c muc tllu khic ciia du an nhu ehi phi, chat luong cdng trinh, dip Qng mQc dd an ninh vl an toln lao ddng vl bao ve mdi trudng Cd the thay, chat iQong cdng tic quin ly tiln do du In dau tQ xly dQng bilu hiln qua chat iQOng ciia tiln dp duoc lap (edn goi II ke hoach tien dd) va chat iQpng vile thQc hiln lien do (bao gdm d viec theo ddi, dinh gii vl cip nhit, dilu chinh).
Chat iQOng kl hoach tiln dd dQln dau tQ xay dQng the hiln dQdi eac gdc dp
- Dp dli thdi gian cua tiln dd trin eo sd so sinh vdi rang budc ve thdi gian cua duin.
- ivlQc dd diy du theo hap ddng, yiu cau quln ly va mQc do phii hop vdi biln phap ky thuit vl to chQc thuc hien cda danh muc cdng vile, pham vi cdng vile
- MQc dd phii hop vl chinh xic eiia khdi iQOng edng vile theo thiei kl va phQong phlp/ky thuat thi cdng, vdn can phli duoc lUa chon de ed phuang In tdi Qu, dim bao chat iQong, tien dp, chi phi hop ly va an toln, v l sinh mdi trQdng.
- MQc dd chi tilt vl chinh xac theo yiu eau quin ly ve nhu d u ngudn lye d n
•CdDLtUDftN (TOEOREnCALSWIW)
sQ dung, vi du, trong tien dp thi cong sir dung de ehi dao thi cdng ma nha thau ndp lln eho ehu dau tu pne duyei, phli lam rd sd nhin edng sUdyng hing ngay, sd luong may thi cdng tQng ioai bao gdm d thiet bi phu tro, mQc dp phu hop vdi khi nlng dip Qng cua nha ihlu vl chu dau tu.
- MQc dd chinh xie va diy du eua d c thinh phin ihdi gian thuc hien d c cdng vile eua du In (cd xit din thdi gian du phdng, chd doi, ngCfng ky thuil).
- Su hop ly eiia vile sip xIp tiln trinh thyc hien cae cdng vile trin tien dd:
phli dim blo trinh tu ky thuat vl su ghIp sit hop ly ve de yiu td sQ dung cho ngudn lUc vl mat bing thi cdng - MQc dd phii hop va rd rang eiia cle mdc tien dd
Chit iQOng vile thuc hiln tiln dd duin diu tuxay dung duoc the hiln dUdi cle ndi dung ehinh sau.
- MQc dd thuc te huy ddng va sQ dung de ngudn luc phii hop theo yiu clu d l thuc hien eic cfing vile theo tiln dd dl duoe phe duylt
- Kit qui dilu phdi, phdi hop giQa cae bin liln quan trong viec thue hien tien dd. bao gdm ci so luong vl mQc dd xung ddt xuat hiln trong sU phdi hap cua de ben liln quan vl kit qui gili quyit eic xung dot niy - MQc dd hoan thanh khdi iQong cdng vile thQc te lai cic thdi diem so vdi ke hoach cua tung cdng viec, giai doan va long the cl duln.
• MQc dd phu hop cua cic edng cy/ky thuit sQ dung de dinh gil trang thai tlln dd. Chat luong eua hoat ddng giao tilp thdng tin vl tien do va thay doi lien dd tdi cic bin hQu quan.
- Chi phi bd ra cho vile xQ ly cic vln de niy sinh khi tiln dd thuc t l khdng dung vdi kl hoach.
- Tdc dd va chit luong ra quyit dinh xQ ly d c van d l niy sinh trong vile thyc hiln tlln do.
Do la d c ndi dung co ban can quan tam den khi quln ty chat luong cdng tic quan ly tlln dd dy an.
3. cAc TEU T 6 ANH HUONG DEN CHAT LUOHG CONG T AC QUAN LT TIENDO DI; A N DAU TU XATDUNG DUOI GOC DO CHU DAU TU
Chat lupng cdng tic quan ly tien do du i n dau tu xay dyng edng trinh phu thudc vao nhieu yeu td, cl chii quan lan khach quan
Dung trin gdc dd chii dau tU dU In thi eae nhan td anh hudng mang tinh khach quan din chat luong cdng tic quln lytienddduin bao gom' - Dieu kien va thUc trang mdi trudng lU nhiln, kinh te, xa hdi tai dia diem xly dung, bao gdm cl su sin cd ciia d e thdng tin ve de vln d l niy.
- Tie ddng ciia cac bin hQu quan gian tiep trong giai doan xly dung cua duln nhu cle CO quan chii quin, cdng ddng din cU, ngUdi diing cudi ciing... den dU
- Nlng luc, trinh dd thuc hiln d c hoat ddng xay dQng, chat iQpng cdng vile • cua eie ben hQu quan true tiep eua du In nhu d c dOn vi khio sat, tU vln thilt ke, tu van giim sit, tu van quin ly du an, thi edng, cac nha eung cap ..
- Cle quy dinh va hudng dan ve quin ly dy i n dau tu xly dung, the hien d c ehinh sich liln quan den dau tu xiy dyng, phan cap, phin quyin cho chu dau tu trong vile ra de quyet dinh liln quan din duin.
-Viec d p vdn eua eo quan chu quln v l vdn (neu phu hpp).
Ngoai cic nhin td tQ mdi trQdng ben ngoai ndi tren, edn cd d c nhin to mang tinh chu quan tQphia chd diu tu bao gom.
- Phuong thUc vl hinh thUc quan ly thuc hiln dQ in, bao gdm ea cic loai hop ddng dQoc sQdung trong dQan.
- Cic chinh sach, quy trinh, quy dinh, hudng dan, bieu mau ve quin ly du In
ndi chung, quan ly tiln dd dQ in noi riing cua chu diu tQ
- Ning luc quin ly dau tu xly dung, dae biet la v l quln ly thdi gian ciia chii dau tQ, bao gdm d trang thilt bi, chai lucmg vl so lucmg nhin luc tham gia edng tic quln ly tiln do dU In, bd may to chQc trong d c ban quln ly duln - Cle yiu d u ve thdi gian va chat luong edng vi|c ciia chu dau tQ.
4.KETLUAN
Quln ly tien dd thQc hiln dQ In la mdt trong nhung npi dung quan trpng nhat cua quln ly du In diu tu xly dung.
Ning cao chat luong cdng tic quin ly tiln do thuc hiln dU an la mdt yiu du cap thilt eua cic chCi dau tu.
Chat luong cdng tie quln ly tien 6t duoc the hien d chat lupng ciia tiln dd da lip vl chat luong ciia vile thuc hien dy an theo tlln dd. Do vay, hilu rd yiu clu vl cic nhin to inh hudng din cic ndi dung nay d l dua ra gili phip giOp ehii diu tu dam blo va nlng cao chit luong cdng tie quln ly tien do eic du an diu tu xly dUng ciia minh Kit qui ciia hoat ddng nay sl giiip nlng cao khi nlng dat duoe mue tilu vl thdi gian cua cle du In, gdp phan dim blo cic du an dau tu xay dung dupe thuc hiln thinh cdng hole vdi hieu qui eao nhat*
[1] Ludt Xdy dUng. Ludt so 50/2014/QH13 dUdc Qudc hpi khda XIII thdng qua tgi kj/
hop thd 7 ngdy 18/06/2014 (2014), chd biin.
[2] Nghi djnh 12/2009/ND-CP ngdy 12/02/2009 cua Chinh phu ve qudn ly du dn ddu tU xdy dung cong trinh (2009), chd biin.
[3] PMBOK (2012), A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Sth edition. Project Management Institute.
