No 14_Dec2019|Sd 14 - Thang 12 nam2019|p-68-76
T A P C H i K H O A H O C D A I H O C T A N T R A O I S S N - 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1
http //tckh.daihoctantrao edu.vn/
Danh gia cong tac quan ly nha nu-o-c ve khai thac khoang san tren dia ban tinh Tuyen Quang giai doan 2011-2018 va de x u i t giai phap den nam 2030
Tnnh Phuong Ngoc"', Kiiu Thi Hat". Trdn Thi Nhung "
"TrudngDai hoc Tdn Trdo
Sd Tdt nguyen vd Mot truong Tuyen Quang Email, gemylrinhf^gmail.com T h o n g tin bai viet
Ngdy nhdn bdi:
25/8/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng:
10/12/2019
Tir khda:
Qudn ly nhd nu&c; khai thdc khoang sdn, ddnh gid; gidi phdp; Tuyen Quang
T o m tat
Khai diae khoang san la mot hoat ddng da va dang dign ra hen dja ban dnh Tuyen Quang Vdi dac diu cua nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang la gay nhieu tac dong tieu cue tdi mdi Qudng nhung lai dem vd gia Qi kinh te cao, khien cho viec quan 1^ nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san diuc su gSp nhieu khd khan khi phai Urn each can bSng giQa viec bao ve mdi Uirdng va phat hien kirdi te. Khoang san Tuyen Quang dupe phan bd d hau het cac huyen, thanh pho tren dia ban dnh va chii ydu la cac diem md phan tan nhd le chi phu hop vdi phat Uien cdng nghiep dia phuang Thyc hien tdt quan ly nha nudc vd khai thac khoang san khdng chi giup bao ve mdi Uildng ma cdn tang ngudn thu ngan sach, phuc vy dac luc cho phat Uidn kinh td - xa hdi cua tinh. Nghien ciiu tap tnmg danh gia cdng tac quan ly nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san tren dia biin tinh Tuyen Quang trong giai doan 2011-2018 va nhQng giiii phap duac dexuat den nam 2030.
1. S a t van de
Khai diac khoang san (KTKS) la hoat dpng nham diu hdi khpimg san, bao gdm xay dung co ban md, khai dao, phan loai, lam giau va cac hpat ddng khac cd hen quan [5], KTKS duoc tien hanh sau khi da cd giay phep khai diiic ciia co quan nha nudc cd diam quyen va duoc tinh Ui khi md biit dau xay dung co ban (hay cdn goi la md md) cho den khi md kdt thuc khai diac (ddng ciia md - phuc hdi mdi hirdng) Vdi chu truong kinh te hda nganh tai nguyen va mdi Uudng, khai thac khoang san thuc su dupe coi la mdt hoat ddng kmh td vdi thudc do lii hdt kiem, hieu qua vii muc heu la lai ich
Khoang san cua tinh Tuyen Quang cd nhieu vd chung loai, da dang ca vd kim Ipai va phi kim loai.
Trong dd, cd nhQng khpang san cd gia hi kmh te nhu chi-kem, thiec-vcnfram, mang gan, barite, eaplm- felspat.. Theo tai lieu dia chat khoang san hien cd thi tren dia ban tinh Tuyen Quang da phat hien va xac
dmh dupe 200 md, diem md khoang san va 86 diem khpang san, diem bidu hien khoang san (chua ro trien vpng hogc it tnen vpng) thupc 31 loai khoang san khac nhau Quang barite phan bd chii yeu d cac huyen Son Duong, Yen Son va Chiem Hoa, cd hil luang h-en 2 tneu tan Mang gan tap trung chu ydu d cac huyen Chiem Hoa va mdt diem d huyen Na Hang, trong dd 2 diem d huyen Chiem Hoa cd trQ luong khoang 3,2 tneu tan Angtymoan phan bd d cac huyen Chiem Hoa, Na Hang va Yen San, trong dd 4 diem tai Chiem Hoa cd trQ lucmg 1,2 tneu tdn. Q Tuyen Quang, udc tinh cd hang ty m^ da vdi, dang chu y nhat lii hai md da vdi Trang Da trQ luong khoang tren 1 ty tan, cd ham luong cao tu 49-54% dil heu chuan san xuat xi mang mac cao, md da trang Bach Ma d huyen Ham Yen cd trQ luong khoang 100 tneu m^, la nguyen li$u tot de san xuat da dp lat tieu dung trong nudc va xuat khau Cd thd khang dinh rSng ngudn da vdi cua Tuyen Quang kha ddi dao, la loai khoang san cd kha n&ig khai thac tdt nhat Qpng cac loai khoang san de tao ra
T.P.Ngocetal/'No 14_Dec 2019|p 68-76 mpt lo^i san pham chu luc Dat set duac thay d nhidu
noi thudc thanh phd Tuyen Quang, trong dd dang chii y nhat md set ben canh md da vdi Trang Da duac diing de san xuat xi mang. Ngoai cac loai khoang san hen, Tuyen Quang cdn co nhieu khoang sim nhu vonfram, pirit, kem, cao lanh, set chiu Ida, nudc khoang, vang, cat, sdi dang duac khai thac vdi quy mo nhd.
Hien chua cd khai niem cu the, chinh xac thd niip la quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS, song cd the hidu quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS la su tac ddng cd td chuc, cd myc dich cua Nha nudc len hoat ddng K T K S dd dam bao ngudn tai nguyen khoang san duoc khai thac hop ly Muc tieu ciia quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS la nham thQc hien muc heu phat tnen kinh te - xa hot ciia dia phuong, han che tac ddng xau cua hoat ddng KTKS den mdi trudng va bao ve quyen sd hOu toan dan ddi vol khoang san ma Nha nude la dai dien. Quan ly nha nuoc ve KTKS dupe thuc hien dua tren 4 nguyen tac:
(I) Uian thu phap luat, chinh sach ve K T K S , (2) phin phu hop vdi chien luoc, quy hoach KTKS, (3) ehi duoc hen hanh KTKS khi dupe co quan quan ly nha nudc cd tham quyen cho phep va (4) phai dam bao hieu qua kmh td - xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng
Theo Luat Khoang san nam 2010 va cac Nghj djiih hudng dan thi hanh, quan ly nha nude ve K T K S (xet hen pham vi cap tinh) gdm idiQng npi dung chu yeu sau: (I) Thuc hien phap luat, chinh sach, quy dirdi cua Nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san; (2) Xay dung quy hoach, ke hcach khai thac khoang san, (3) Td chQc bd may quan ly nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san, (4) Th\rc hien cac bien phap bao ve mdi trudng, khoang san chua khai thac, tai nguyen thien nhien khac theo quy dmh ciia phap luat, bao dam an ninh, h-at tu an toanxa hdi tai khu vuc cd khoang san, (5) Thanh tra, kiem ha, giam sat, xii ly vi pham phap luat vd KTKS
De dam bao thuc hien duoc nhQng ndi dung tren, cac tieu chi danh gia quan ly nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san gdm cd
- Thuc hien muc tieu phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi ciia dia phuong Muc heu quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS la Uiuc hien muc heu phat tndn kmh te - xii hdi Quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS eo hieu qua khi va chi khi nd dat duoc muc tieu dd ra, gdp phan thuc hien muc tieu phat hien kmh td - xS hpi ndi chung Tieu chi thuc hien muc tieu phat tndn kinh te xa hdi cd the danh gia diong qua cac chi heu GDP, ty trong ddng gdp ngimh KTKS trong tdng GDP, giai quydt viec lam, dm nhap dancu.
- Thu ngan sach nha nudc tu hoat ddng KTKS Chi tieu the hien hieu qua kinh td - xa hdi ma quan ly nha nudc vd KTKS hudng toi, cd the khSng d|nh thu ngan sach la chi heu eo ban, quan trpng nliat, d l dang kiem chQng va danh gia nhat Khi danh gia hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS san dua tren heu chi thu ngan sach can luu y rang khdng phai chi danh gia don thuan dua tren quy md ngan sach thu duoc (nhidu, it) ma can so sanh, dat trong mdi tuong quan vdi quy md hoat ddng KTKS
- Giam mQc do o nhiem mdi trudng Mpt dac diem cua KTKS lii hoat ddng nay ed tac dong Idn den mdi trudng Do dd, nhiem vu cua Nha nudc trong quan ly la phai han che su tac dpng cua hoat dpng KTKS den moi trudng, bao ve sQc khde cua nhan dan, dac biet nhan dan vung KTKS Tieu chi nay cd the danh giii thdng qua didng qua ket qua cQa cdng lac thanh ha, kidm tra ve hoat ddng bap ve mdi trudng trong KTKS, sd luong doanh nghiep da khac phuc VI pham va thdng qua cdng tac bao v? khoang san chua khai thac
Mdt SP van ban quy pham phap luat hen quan den quan l^ nha nudc ve KTKS cd the kd den nhu, Luat Khoang san nam 2010, Nghi dmh sd 203/2013/ND-CP ngay 28/11/2013 quy dmh phuong phap tinh, mQc thu tien cap quyen KTKS. Nghi dinh sd 158/2016/ND-CP ngay 29/11/2016 cua Chinh phu hudng dan thi hiinh mpt sd dieu cua Luat Khoang san va Nghi dinh so 33/2017/ND-CP ngay 03/4/2017 quy dinh vd xQ phat VI pham hanh chinh trong liidi vuc tai nguyen nude vii khoang san
UBND cac tinh, thanh phd, nhat la cac dia phuong cd nhieu khoang san da thuc hien nhieu giai phap nham phdng ngQa, ngan chan hoat ddng KTKS trai phep bang nhieu hinh thdc nhu ban hanh cac cdng van, chi thi nh5m bao ve khoang san chua khai thac, cac dia phuong. cac nganh chQc nang cdng bo dm chi thu dien tu. sd dien thoai dudng day ndng de td chuc.
ca nhan biet. phan anh moi thdng tin ve dnh trang KTKS trai phep tren dia ban, td chQc nhidu dot truy quet, giai toa, hch thu nhieu phuong tien phuc vu khai thac Irai phep. xu phat hanh chinh ddi vdi cac ta chQc ca nhan Didn hinh nhu cac tinh Lao Cai, Phu Tho, Quang Nam, Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Binli Thuan, Lam Ddng. thanh phd Ha Ndi va thanh phd Da Nang, V V
Thu tidn cap quydn KTKS la mdt bien phap trpng Id trinh minh bach hda hoat ddng kliai khoang lan dau thuc hien tai nudc ta Thai Nguyen la tinh dau hen
No 14_Dec2019|Sd 1 4 - T h a n g 12 nam 2019|p.68-76
T A P CHi KHOA H O C D A I H O C T A N T R A O I S S N 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1 http://tckh,daihoctantrao edu -vn/
Danh gia cong tac quan ly nha nuo'c ve khai thac khoang san tren dia ban tinh Tuyen Quang giai doan 2011-2018 va d^ xuat giai phap den nam 2030
Trmh Phuang Ngoc"', Kiiu Thi Hdi'', Tran Thi Nhung"
"TrudngDai hpc Tdn Trdo
S& Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truong Tuyen Quang Email: gemylrinh(^gmail.com T h d n g tin bai viet
Ngdy nhdn bdi • 25/8/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng.
10/12/2019
Tir khda:
Qudn ly nhd nu&c, khai thdc khoang sdn, ddnh gid, gidi phdp; Tuyen Quang
T o m tat
Khai diac khoang san la mot hoat ddng da va dang dien ra hfin dja ban tinh Tuyen Quang. Vdi dac diu ciia nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang la gay nhieu tac dpng tieu cue tdi mdi trudng rdiung lai dem ve gia hi kmh te cao, khien cho viec quan ly nha nudc vd khai diac khoang san diuc su gap nhieu khd khan khi phai tim each can bang giQa viec bao ve mdi trudng va phat tnen kinh te Khoang san Tuyen Quang dupe phan bd d hau hdt cac huyen, dianh phd tren dja bim Unh vii chu yeu la cac diem md phan tiin nhd le chi phii hpp vdi phat trien cdng nghiep dia phuong Thuc hien tdt quan ly nha nude ve khai thac khoang san khong chi giup bao ve mdi tnrdng ma cdn tang ngudn thu ngan sach, phuc vu dac iQc cho phat tnen kinh td - xS hdi cua tinh Nghien cuu tap trung danh gia cdng tac quan ly nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san tren dja biin tinh Tuyen Quang hong giai doan2011-2018 va nhQng giai phap dupe dexuat den nam 2030
1. S a t van de
Khai diac khpang san (KTKS) la hoat ddng nham thu hdi khoang san, bao gdm xay dung co ban md, khai dao, phan loai, lam giau va cae hoat ddng khac cd hen quan [5] KTKS duac tidn hanh sau khi da cd giay phep khai diac cua co quan nha nudc cd diam quyen va duoc tinh tir khi md bat d^u xay dung ca ban (hay cdn gpi la md md) cho den khi md kdt diuc khai diac (ddng cua md - phuc hdi mdi Qudng) Vdi chii tiurong kmh te hda ngaidi tai nguyen va mdi Uirdng, khai thac khoang san thuc su duoc COI la mdt hoat ddng kmh te vdi thudc do la tiet kiem, hieu qua va muc heu la loi ich
Khoang san ciia tinh Tuyen Quang cd nhieu vd chung loai, da dang ca vd kim loai va phi kim loai Trong dd, cd nhQng khoang san co gia tri kinh td nhu, chi-kem, thiec-vonfram, mang gan, bante, caolin- felspat , Theo tai heu dia chit khoang san hien cd dii h-en dia ban tinh Tuyen Quang da phat hien vii xac
dmh duoc 200 md, diem md khoang san va 86 diem khoang san, diem bieu hien khoang san (chua rd tndn vpng hpac it tnen vpng) thupc 31 loai khoang san khac nhau Quang bante phan bd chu ydu d cac huyen Son Duong, Yen Son vii Chiem Hoa, cd UU luong hen 2 tneu tan Mang gan tap trung chu ydu d cac huyen Chiem Hoa va mdt diem d huyen Na Hang, trong dd 2 didm d huyen Chiem Hoa cd IrQ luong khoang 3,2 U-ieu tan Angtymoan phan bd o cac huyen Chiem Hoa, Na Hang va YSn San, trong dd 4 didm tai Chiem Hoa cd trQ luong 1,2 tneu t4n 6 Tuyen Quang, udc tinh cd hang ty m^ da vdi, dang chu y nhat la hai md da vdi Trang Da trQ luong khoang tren 1 ty tan, cd ham luong cao tQ 49-54% du tieu chuan san xuat xi mang mac cao, md da trang Bach Ma d huyen Ham Yen cd trQ luong khoang 100 tneu m ^ la nguyen lieu tot de san xuat da dp lat tieu dung trong nudc va xuat khau Cd the khang dinh rang ngudn da vdi cua Tuyen Quang kha ddi dao, la loai khoang san cd kha nang khai thac tdt nhat Q-png cac loai khoang san de tap ra
TP.Ngocelal/i;o UJDec 2019|p 68-76 mpt I091 san pham chu luc Dat set dupe thay d nhieu
noi diupc thanh phd Tuyen Quang, trong dd dang chii y nhat md set ben canh md da vdi Trang Da dupe diing de san xuat xi mang Ngoiii cac loai khoang san hen, Tuyen Quang con cd nhieu khoang san nliu vonfram, pirit, kem, cao lanh, set chm IQa, nudc khoang, vang, cat. sdi dang dupe khai thac vdi quy md nhd,
Hien chua cd khai mem cu the, chinh xac thd nao la quan \^ rdia nudc ve KTKS, song cd the hieu quan l^ nha nudc ve KTKS la su tac ddng cd td chuc, cd muc dich ciia Nha nudc len hoat ddng KTKS de dam bao ngudn tai nguyen khoang san duoc khai thac hop ly Muc tieu cua quan ly nha nudc ve K T K S la nham thQc hien muc heu phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi cua dia phuong, han che tac ddng xau ciia hoat ddng KTKS den mdi trudng va bao ve quyen sd hQu toan dan ddi vdi khoang sim ma Nha nUdc la dai dien Quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS duac thuc hien dua tren 4 nguyen tac (I) tuan thu phap iuat. chinh sach ve K T K S , (2) phin phii hpp vdi chien luoc, quy hoach K T K S , (3) chi dupe tien hanh KTKS khi duoc co quan quan ly nlia nudc cd tham quyen cho phep va (4) phai dam bao hieu qua kmh td - xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng.
Theo Luat Khoang san nam 2010 va cac Nghi dmh hudng dan thi hanh, quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS (xet hen phgm vi cap tinh) gdm nhihig npi dung chii yeu sau, (I) Thuc hien phap luat, chinh sach, quy dinh cua Nha nirdc ve khai thac khoang san, (2) Xay dUng quy hoach, ke hoach khai thac khoang san, (3) To chQc bp may quan ly nha nudc vd khai thac khoang san, (4) Thirc hien cac bien phiip bao ve mdi trudng, khoang san chua khai thac, tai nguyen thien nhien khac theo quy dinh cua phap luat, bao dam an ninh, trat tu an toan xa hdi tai khu vuc cd khoang san, (5) Thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat, xu ly vi pham phap luat ve KTKS
De dam bao thuc hien dupe nhQng ndi dung tren, cac tieu chi danh gia quan ly nha nudc ve khai thac khoang san gdm cd
- Thuc hien muc heu phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi ciia dia phuong. Muc heu quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS la thtrc hien muc heu phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi Quan Ij nha nudc vd KTKS ed hieu qua khi va chi khi nd dgt dupe muc heu dd ra, gdp phan thuc hien muc tieu phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi ndi chung Tieu chi thuc hien muc tieu phat tndn kinh td xa hdi cd thd danh gia didng qua cac chi tieu GDP, ty trong ddng gdp nganh KTKS hong tdng GDP, giai quyet viec lam, thu nhap dancu
- Thu ngan sach nha nude tu hoat ddng KTKS Chi tieu thd hien hieu qua kmh td - xa hdi ma quan ly nha nudc vd KTKS hudng tdi, cd thd khang dmh diu ngan sach la chi tieu co ban, quan trpng nhat, dd dang kiem chung va danh gia nhat Khi danh gia hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ve KTKS san dua tren heu chi thu ngan sach can luu y ring khdng phai chi danh gia don thuan dua tren quy md ngan sach thu duoc (nhidu, it) ma can so sanh, dat trong mdi tuong quan vdi quy md hoat ddng KTKS
- Giam miic dd d nhidm mdi trudng. Mdt dac diem ciia KTKS la hoat ddng nay cd tac ddng Idn ddn mdi tnrdng Do dd, nhiem -vu cua Nha nudc trong quan ly la phai han chd su tac dpng ciia hpat ddng KTKS den mdi trudng, bao ve sQc khde cua nhan dan, dac biet nhan dan vung KTKS Tieu chi nay cd the danh gia thong qua thdng qua ket qua cua cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra vd hoat ddng bao vc mdi trudng trong KTKS, sd luang doanh nghiep da khac phuc VI pham va thdng qua cdng tac bao ve khoang san chua khai thac
Mdt sd van ban quy pham phap luat hen quan den quan ly nha nudc vd KTKS cd the kd den nhu. Luat Khoang san nam 2010, Nghi dmh sd 203/2013/ND-CP ngay 28/11/2013 quy dinh phuong phap Unh, mQc diu tidn cap quydn KTKS, Nghi dinh sd 158/2016/ND-CP ngay 29/11/2016 cua Chinh phii hudng dan dii hiinh mdt sd didu cua Luat Khoang san va Nghi dmh sd 33/2017/ND-CP ngay 03/4/2017 quy djnh ve xu phat VI pham hanh chinh trong linh vuc tai nguyen nudc va khoang san
UBND cac tinh, thanh phd, nhat la cac dja phuang cd nhidu khoang san da thuc hien nhieu giai phap nham phdng ngQa, ngan chan hoat dpng KTKS h-ai phep bang nhidu hinh thuc nhu ban hanh cac cdng van, chi thi nham bao ve khoang san chua khai thac, cac dia phuong, cac nganh chiic nang cdng bd dm chi thu dien tQ, sd dien thoai dudng day ndng de td chiic, ca nhan biet, phan anh moi thdng tin vd tinh trang KTKS trai phep tren dia ban-, td chQc nhieu dot truy quet, giai toa, tich thu nhidu phuang Uen phuc vu khai thac trai phep, xu phat hanh chinh ddi vdi eac td chQc ca nhan Didn hinh nhu cac dnh: Lao Cai, Phii Thp, Quang Nam, Ddng Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Binh Thuan, Lam Ddng. thanh phd Ha Ndi va thanh phd Da Nang, V V
Thu hdn cap quydn KTKS la mdt bien phap trong 16 trinh mmh bach hda hoat ddng kliai khoang lan dau thuc hien tai nudc ta Thai Nguyen la hnh dau tien