6 N G NGHE
- MOI TRl/dNG
LIEU LlftfXG ENZYME ROHAPECT®
im. THICH HttU fflE TACH LCfP I\HO?T C^UJ Ai HAT CA PHE TRONG CHE BIEN
EO PHlftfNG P H A P iTeJT
l.GIOn THIEU
Trong che bien ca phe bang phuong phap udt, giai doan tach Idp nhdt nam tren vo thoc sau giai doan xat bo vo qua va trudc giai doan phoi say dong vai tro rat quan trgng va c6 anh hudng nbi6u din chat lugng san pham sau cimg. Hai phuong phap
TS Nguy in Vdn Thudng Vien KHKT Ndng ldm nghiep Tdy Nguyen
tach nhdt pho bien hien nay la len men tu nhien va danh nhdt eo hgc. Ca hai phuong phap nay d8u co nhiing bat lgi nhat dinh, va de tranh dugc nhiing han che ciia hai phuong phap, cae nha khoa hgc da de xuat nghien ciiu su dung enzyme de phan buy Idp nhdt ciia ca phe.
<^Ay> Galacturonic Acid (M) Methanol
Hinh 1. Cdc enzyme phdn hiiy tgi khu vuc cdu true sudn thdng eua phdn tic pectin
Nghien eiiu ban dau cua chiing toi cho thay che pham Rohapect® 1OL c6 tac dung tot trong viec phan buy dich triet Idp nhdt cua ca phe voi.
Rohapect® lOL duge san xuat bang giong nam Aspegillus niger va la san pham cua Cong ty AB Enzyme, trirc thuoc tap doan ABF Ingredients,
Phan Lan. Nhirng enzyme chinh trong che pham gom PG, PE va PL. Che pham dang long, mau nau, ty trgng 1,18 g/ml va boat lire t6i thieu 260 PA. PA la gia tri nghich dao ciia khoi lugng enzyme tinh bing kg de pha buy hoan toan pectin trong 100 lit nudc ep trai tao trong dieu kien 50°C, pH 3,2, trong 1 gid.
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRl/dNG
San pham dap iing yeu ciu cua Hgi d6ng Chuyen gia Hon hgp ciia FAO&WHO va Uy ban Codex v6 hoa chat thirc pham (FCC).
De CO dii CO sd khuyen cao cho cac nha che bien ca phe irng dung che phim Rohapect® 1 OL xu ly Idp nhdt trong che bien udt, trudc bet can phai xac dinh dieu kien thich hgp nhu lieu lugng che pham, do pH va nhiet do moi trudng de che pham phan buy Idp nhdt dat ket qua tot nhat. Bai viet gidi thieu ket qua nghien ciiu xac dinh lieu lugng che pham Rohapect® 1 OL thich hgp cho xir ly Idp nhdt ca phe voi (Robusta) trong thdi gian 2 gid.
2. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
- Qua chin ca phe voi thu hoach thang 12 nam 2009 tai Buon Ma Thugt dugc tach vo bang may xat trdng thong thudng de lay ra 90 kg ca phe thoc. Chia dSu ca phe thoc vao 30 chau (moi chau 3 kg) va phan lam 6 nhom de xu ly enzyme Rohapect® lOL tuong ling vdi 6 lieu lugng (tinh bang phan trieu ppm, w/w) (bang 1). Nam chau d moi nhom dugc bo sung nudc theo cac ti le ca phe/nudc (w/w) lan lugt la 10/5, 10/4, 10/3, 10/2 va 10/1. Dao trgn ca phe vdi enzyme ky ludng va u trong 2 gid.
Bang 1. Cac cong thuc xu ly enzyme Rohapect®10L
Cong thuc
I II II IV
V VI
Lieu luong enzyme 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 250 ppm 300 ppm 350 ppm
Ti le ca phe/nuffc 10/5
10/5 10/5 10/5 10/5 10/5
10/4 10/4 10/4 10/4 10/4 10/4
10/3 10/3 10/3 10/3 10/3 10/3
10/2 10/2 10/2 10/2 10/2 10/2
10/1 10/1 10/1 10/1 10/1 10/1
- Sau khi li 2 gid, kiem tra va danh gia miic dosach nhdt. Miic do sach nhdt dugc danh gia nhu sau: hat chua sach nhdt neu lugng nhdt con khoang 20%; hat sach chap nhan dugc neu lugng nhdt eon khoang 15%; va hat sach nhdt neu lugng nhdt con dudi 10%.
- Rira ca phe 3 lan bang 15 lit nudc sach/chau va dem phoi kho. Xat bo vo thoc, can khoi lugng ca phe nhan va tinh ti le % khoi lugng ca phe nhan kho (am do 12,5%) so vdi khoi lugng ca phe thoc udt trudc khi xir ly enzyme.
- Lap lai thi nghiem 3 lan va lay ket qua trung binh. So lieu dugc xu ly bang phan mem thong ke Minitab 12.21 for Windows.
- Danh gia chat lugng tach theo phuong phap cua Hiep hgi Ca phe Dac san Hoa ky.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Hieu qua tach lop nhot ca phe ciia Rohapect® lOL ff cac lieu luong khac nhau
Ket qua bang 2 eho thay d eac ti le ca phe/nudc khac nhau thi miic do sach nhdt cua ca phe thoc deu tang dan theo lieu lugng enzyme. Ti le ca phe/nudc cang cao thi miic do sach nhdt cua ca phe thoc cang cao. Ti le ca phe/nudc 10/1 co miic do sach nhdt kha cao va dang chii y la chi vdi lieu lugng enzyme 150 ppm thi ti le sach nhdt da dat tdi 95%. Ly giai ket qua nay nhu sau: vdi ti le ea phe/nudc cang cao, tiic lugng nudc dimg cang it, thi dung dich enzyme cang dam dac, do vay boat luc enzyme se cao hon va tac dung phan buy Idp nhdt se nhanh hon so vdi ti le ca phe/nudc thip (tiic dung dich enzyme loang hon).
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRl/dNG
Bang 2. Muc do sach nhot cua ca phe ff cac lilu luong enzyme va ti le ca phe/nuffc
Lieu luffng enzyme 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 250 ppm 300 ppm 350 ppm Trung binh
Muc do sach nhot cua ca 10/5
65 70 75 80 85 90 77
10/4 65 70 80 80 85 90 77
10/3 65 70 80 80 85 90 78
phe thoc (%) theo ti le ca phe/nuffc 10/2
75 80 85 90 95 95 87
10/1 85 95 95 95 100 100 95
Trung binh 71 77 83 85 90 93 -
3.2. Anh huong ciia lieu luong Rohapect® lOL toi khoi luong san pham
Ti le ca phe nhan thu dugc giam dan theo su tang eua lieu lugng enzyme Rohapect® 1 OL tir 150- 350 ppm (bang 3). Dieu nay dugc giai thich la khi xir ly enzyme vdi lieu lugng cang cao, Idp nhdt cang bi phan buy nhanh va kha nang enzyme lam
mong mot phan vo thoc cang ldn, giup mot so hgp chat boa tan tir trong hat thoat ra khoi vo th6c de hon, vi vay khoi lugng nhan giam cang nhieu. Tuy vay su chenh lech ve ti le ca phe nhan giiia cac cong thuc xir ly lieu lugng enzyme khac nhau khong co y nghia thong ke (p>0.05).
Bang 3. Ti le ca phe nhan kho ff cac lieu luong enzyme va ti le ca phe/nuffc Lieu lirffng
enzyme 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm
% (w/w) ca phe nhan thu hoi theo ti le ca phe/nudc 10/5
33,5 ±0,2 33,4 ±0,8 33,1 ±0,9 250 ppm i 32,8 ±0,9 300 ppm i 32,6 ±0,1 350 ppm 31,2 ±0,7 Trung binh | 32,8
10/4 33,7 ±0,2 33,4 ± 0,2 33,1 ±0,3 32,7 ±0,4 32,5 ±3,0 31,6 ±0,8
32,8
10/3 33,8 ±0,1 32,8 ± 0,2 33,0 ±0,3 32,6 ±0,3 32,2 ± 0,5 31,0 ±0,5
1
10/2 34,9 ± 0,2 34,5 ± 0,2
10/1 36,3 ± 0,2 36,0 ±0,2
Trung binh 34,4 34,0 34,3 ±0,1 i 35,7 ±0,2 i 33,8 33,1 ±0,2 1 35,6 ±0,1 33,4 \ 1 32,8 ±0,1 1 35,3 ±0,0 33,1 32,6 ±0,2 ! 35,0 ±0,2 32,3 32,6 1 33,7 I 35,6 [
KSt qua ciing cho thiy khdi lugng ca phe Kk qua xii ly thong ke cho thiy khong co sir nhan thu dugc tang din theo su tang cua ti le ca Urong tac giira hai yeu to lieu lugng enzyme va ti le phe/nudc va su khac biet vg ti le ca phe nhan thu caphe/nudctditilecaphenhanthudugc(p>0.05).
dugc CO y nghia thong ke (p<0.05). 6 ti le 10 ca Xet khia canh tiet kiem chi phi san xuit dl phe/1 nudc tbi kh6i lugng ca phe nhan kho dat cao lam tang hieu qua ciia che bidn thi d ti le 10 ca phe/1 nhit so vdi cac ti le khac.
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRJdNG
nudc vdi lieu lugng enzyme 150 ppm da c6 ket qua tot, lugng enzyme sir dung thip hon b6n eong thiic khac ma ca phe vin sach nhdt va ti le ca phe nhan thu duge 36%, cao hon so vdi cac cong thirc khac lieu lugng tir 200 ppm - 3 50 ppm.
3.3. Anh huong cua lieu luong Rohapect®
lOL den chat luong ca phe tach
Lay mot so mau ea phe la san pham thi nghiem lieu lugng Rohapect khac nhau tai ti le pha trgn 10 ca phe/1 nudc va mau ca phe nhan ehe bien udt (khong xir ly enzyme, len men tu nhien 27 gid mdi sach nhdt) de rang xay, pha che va thir nem ea
phe tach theo phuong phap eua Hiep hdi ca phe Dac san Hoa ky (SCAA); kk qua thir nim thi hien trong bang 4.
Ve mat ly thuyet tong so diem cua 6 chi tieu mui bgt, mui nudc pha, the chat, do acid, mui-vi va mirc do ua thich eua nha thii nem se bien dong tir 0- 70 (moi chi tieu tir 0-10 diem, rieng chi tieu miic do ua thich cua nha thir nem tir 0-20 diem). Tuy nhien vdi ca phe voi chat lugng tdt thi tong so diem dao dong trong khoang 50 - 60 do ca phe voi co diem huong thom va do acid thudng kem hon so vdi ea phe che.
Bang 4. Ket qua thir nem cac man ca phe
Lieu
luong enzyme
Oppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 300 ppm 350 ppm
Miii hot (Nose)
8 8 8 8 7
Mui nuffc pha (Aroma)
8 8 8 7 7
Thi chat (Body)
8,5 8,5 8 8 8
Do acid (Acidity)
4 4 4 4 4
Miii-vi (Flavor)
7 7 7 7 7
Muc ua thich (preference)
17 16 16 17 17
T6ng so diem
52,5 51,5 51 51 50
Chat lugng ea phe tach cua cac mau ca phe dugc xir ly Idp nhdt bang enzyme vdi lieu lugng khac nhau hau nhu khong khae biet ro ret so vdi doi chung khong xir ly enzyme, nhat la diem ve chi tieu mui-vi (flavor). Khi tang dan lieu lugng enzyme len cao thi mui thom va the chat ciia ca phe tach giam di chiit it, ma nguyen nhan eo the la do mot lugng chat hoa tan nhat dinh da di ra khoi nhan trong giai doan tach nhdt va lam cho do dam cua tach ca phe (lien quan chat che den the chat) giam di it nhieu.
4. KET LUAN
L i e u l u g n g c h e p h a m e n z y m e Rohapect® lOL thich hgp nhit cho xir ly Idp nhdt cua ca phe la 150 ppm, vdi ti le pha tron ca phe/nudc la 10/1.
Xir ly Idp nhdt cua hat ca phe bang chi phim
Rohapect® 1 OL khong lam anh hudng xau den mui vica phe tach.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO CHINH
1. Carlos H. J. Brando (2004), Harvesting and Green Coffee Processing, Coffee Growing, Processing, Sustainable Production, Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh &
Co. KgaA, Germany, 605-714
2. Wafa Masoud and Lene Jespersen (2006), Pectine degrading enzymes in yeast involved
infermentation of Coffee arabica in East Africa, Intemational joumal of Food Microbiology 110 (2006), Elservier, 291-296.
3. Nguyen Van Thudng va ctv (2009), Bdo cdo kit qud de tdi «Nghien ciru img dung enzyme trong giai doan che Men hat cdphe de ndng cao chdt luong vd ha gid thdnh sdnphdm», Vien KHKT Nong lam nghiep Tay Nguyen.
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - MOI TRjdNG
Hinh 2. Thuc Men thi ng/iiem xic ly lap nhdt cdphe bdng che phdm Rohapect (Anh: VT)
R o h a p e c t 3 5 0 p p m
XtP ly 2 h
R o h a p e c t 300 p p m X i i ' ly 2 h
R o h a p e c t ^ 2 5 0 p p m
XiV ly 21
R o h a p e c t 200 p p m Xu> ly 2 h
R o h a p e c t
150 ppT* ^
Rohapect 100 ppm Xu" ly 2h
0 6 i oh U'ng
'- 2. }.4du sdc cd phi thoc kho a cdc eong tlnic lieu luong Rohapect khac nhau (Anh: VT)
