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UNG DUNG THIET BI DIEU K H I £ N L A P TRINH S7-200 DE CHE TAO HE THONG BAO D Q N G T R l / c CANH BUONG LAI
TAU BIEN
Application of PLC S7-200 for manufacturing of Bridge Navigation Watch Alarm System (BNAWS) for Ship
TS. Nguyin Xudn Phuong.
Trudng dai hoc Giao thdng van tdi TP. HCM.
Tdm tdt: Thiit bi diiu khiin lap trinh S7-200 Id mot trong cdc thiit bi lap trinh diiu khiin hien dai. vdn nhiiu tinh ndng vuot trdi. Bdi bdo gidi thieu viec nghiin cim img dung thiit bi diiu khiin lap trinh S7-200 di chi tgo hi thdng bdo ddng true canh hang hdi tdu biin. Hi thdng bdo ddng true canh hdng hdi duoc ldp tren cdc tdu bien. gdp phdn ndng cao tinh cm todn cua con tdu, ddp img duoc cdc yiu cdu cua Cdng udc qudc te ve an todn sinh mgng con ngudi tren bien (SOLAS)
Tu khda: SOLAS, Thiit bi diiu khien lap trinh S7-200, He thdng bdo dgng true canh hdng hdi.
Abtract: Program logic control S7-200 m one of most model programming devices. This paper introduced reseach to apply the PLS S7-200 for manufucturing of Bridge Navigation Watch Alarm System (BNA fVS) that improve the safety of the ship and meet the requirements of Convention on Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
Keywords: SOLAS, Programable Logic Conti-ol S7-200, BNA WS 1. Mffdau
Tai khoa hop 86 dien ra tai tru so cua t6 chiic Hang hai Quoc te (IMO), Uy ban An toan Hang hai (MSC) da thong qua nghi quyet MSC.282(86) sua doi, bo sung cong uoc quoc te ve an toan sinh mang con nguoi tren bi8n nam 1974 (SOLAS 74), Sua doi, bo sung nay yeu cau trang bi he thong bao dpng true ca hang hai budng lai (BNWAS) cho tau biSn theo Quy dinh V/19.2,2.2 cua Cong uoc SOLAS.
He thong bao dgng triic ca bu6ng lai (BNWAS) la he thong theo doi cac hoat dgng tren buong lai nham phat hien tinh huong khi thiiy thu true ca khong con kha nang kiem soat tinh hinh, cd the dan den cac tai nan. He thong se theo doi va bao dpng cho thuyen truong ciing nhu cac thuy thu tArc ca khac trong trucmg hap thiiy thii true ca hien tai khong thuc hien dupc nghiep vu ciia minh. He thong se phat ra cac tin hieu bao dong cho thiiy thu true ca ban dau, va neu khong duac tra lai, se bao dpng cho thuyen truong. BNWAS cung co kha nang ho tro thiiy thu true ca keu ggi thuyen truong de trp giiip khi mat kha nang
kiem soat. H? thong bao dong tnrc ca luon a tinh tr^ng hojit dgng khi he thong lai d che dp lam viec hay noi each khac la he thong dieu khien huong cua tau con hoat dgng, va chi duac tat bai thuyen trudng.
2. Ket cau va quy trinh ho^t dong cua He thong bao dong tru-c canh buong lai (BNWAS)
2.1, Ket can cua He thong bao dong trtrc canh budng lai (BNWAS)
H? thong BNAWS gom cac thanh phan chinh- Bd hien thi va dieu khien (Control/Display Unit); Bp bao dgng (Alarm Unit), Bd cdng tac chgn (Selector Unit), Khdi dieu khien va ket ndi trung tam (Distribution & Interfacing Unit): Su dung PLC; Bg Reset (Reset Unit; Cam bien chuyen ddng (Motion sensor).
Nhu vay, khdi quan trgng nhat la khdi dieu khien va ket ndi Van de dat ra la chpn lua thiet bi dieu khien va lap trinh cho no hoat dgng thda man theo yeu cau ciia SOLAS, ddng thdi thda man tieu chi la gia thanh phii hop vdi cac chii tau Viet nam.
He thdng BNWAS dugc kk ndi vdi bang phan phdi dupc cung cap dien tii bang
dien chinh va bang dien su cd thdng qua phuong tien ehuydn ddi tu dgng.
He thdng BNWAS phli hap d6 lap dat
tren tau, tiic la dupc thu nghiem tinh tuang thich dien tir tiieo tieu chuan EC 60945, lACSURElO.
H$p aihu khidn 6 bu6ng iSi Hdp bao d d n g b u d n g l a i Nut bSm cai d^t lai
Giao-dien thi^t b; hang hAi <3i§n tit ~ Nh$p/Xuit ~
I I Dku do dl d6ng | . 11
KHU V l / C SINH HOAT
KHU V U C B U 6 N G L A I iHOpStquan/CongcOng " 1 P " ° 5 " 1 I I L bupng I h - t r u i r n g j
Hinh 1. Sa dS cdu hinh cua BNWAS
2.2. Quy trinh hoat dong ciia BNWAS
Sau 12 phiit, he thong BNWAS se yeu cau duac hiiy kich ho^t (den ciia niit reset se sang). Thuy thu tn^c ca can bam niit reset de xac nhan. Sau 15 giay neu khdng nhan reset, cdi bao ddng dat tai budng lai se dupc kich ho^t, 15 giay tiep theo, coi bao ddng dat tai budng cua ngudi chiu trach nhiem (thuyen trudng, d^i phd, v.v ,) se bao ddng.
Ti6p theo, 90 giay sau, coi bao ddng ISn 3 tai budng cau lac bg se duoc tiep tuc kich hoat.
Che dg lam viec ciia he thdng BNWAS cd th6 dupc lua chon: Bat bang tay (Manual ON - lam viec Hen tuc) va Tat bang tay (Manual OFF - khdng lam viec trong bat ky hoan canh nao).
Viec lya chgn che do lam viec dugc bag ve bang bp phan chuyen ddi cd khoa (key switch) hoac mat khau Khi d che dp lam viec, he thdng phai duy tri tinh trang khdng hoat ddng (dormant) trong khoang thdi gian tu 3 den 12 phut, Khi kSt thiic thdi gian khdng hoat dpng neu tren, he thong phai phat ra chi thi nhin thay trong budng lai.
N^u khdng dupc dat lai, he thdng phai phat ra bao dpng am thanh giai doan dau tien trong budng lai sau 15 ^iay tinh tu liic phat ra chi thi nhin thay. N§u khdng duac
d$t lai, he thdng phai phat ra bao ddng am thanh tii xa
3 , ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ^ _ _ _ - ^
td td+td+ td+ phut 0,25 0,5 20 khoang thoi gian khong hoat dpng diroc chon
Hinh 2. Bieu do thdi gian hogt dgng ciia he thong
1- chi tht ciia bidu do; 2- bdo dong cdp 1 bdng dm thanh tai buong ldi; 3-bdo dpng cdp 2 ticxa; 4- bdo dong cdp 3 ticxa
Giai doan thii hai tai khu vyc ciia sy quan du phdng va/ hoac thuyen trudng tau sau 15 giay tinh tir giai doan dau tien Neu khdng dugc dat lai, he thdng phai phat ra bao ddng am thanh tir xa
Giai doan thii ba tai khu vuc cua cac thuyen vien khac sau thdi gian tdi thieu la 90 giay va tdi da la 180 giay tinh tir giai doan thli hai Bao dpng am thanh cho giai doan thli ba phai de nhan biet theo am thanh phat ra va phai chi bao tinh hudng khan cip. Ngoai ra, am thanh bao ddng nay phai duoc phan biet ro rang vdi bao ddng chay, bao dgng chung,
Cac niit nhSn dat lai chi dugc bd tri tai cac vi tri trong buong lai cd the thuc hien
viec quan sat (look out), nhu vi tri chi huy, vi tri dieu khien tau, vi tri gjam sat hang hai va cac canh ga budng lai.
3. Ung dung thiet bi dieu khien lap trinh S7-200
3.1. D^c tinh ky thuat ciia PLC S7- 200
S7-200 la mdt loai PLC micro cua Siemens nhung cd nhieu tinh nang irng dung manh me. Chiing tich hpp san cac I/O tren CPU S7-200 cd nhieu loai tiiy theo CPU, mdi CPU cd nhirng dac tinh va tinh chat irng dung khac nhau nhu CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224 va CPU 226. Ngoai ra, S7-200 cdn cd 2 loai CPU phien ban khac la CPU 224 XP va CPU 226 XM.
Dac tinh ky thuat ciia cac hg CPU S7- 200 la tdng sd I/O max tuong ddi Idn, khoang 256 VO. Sd module md rpng tiiy theo CPU cd the len den tdi da 7 mgdule Tich hpp nhieu chirc nang dac biet tren CPU nhu ngd ra xung, high speed counter, dong hd thdi ^ a n thuc, ..v.v.
Module md rdng da dang, nhieu chiing loai nhu analog, xOt ly nhiet dp, dieu khien vi tri, module mang ..v.v.
Viing nhd PLC S7-2D0 rdt da dang va phong phli. Viing nhd la noi chiia dir lieu chuang trinh va la bd phan khdng the thieu trong PLC.
Cac loai viing nhd cua S7-200: Vung nha input, bt.y (vdi x la byte va y tuong ling la bit cua byte); Viing nha output: Qx.y (vdi X la byte va y tuong ling la bit cua byte); Viing nho bien V (Variable); Vung nhd bit nhd M (Memory); Vung nhd Relay dieu khien tuan tu S (Sequence); Viing nhd bit dac biet SM (Special memory); Vimg nhd L (Local); Viing nhd T (Timer), Viing nhd C (Counter).
Cac viing nhd tren cd the truy nhap d dang bit, byte, word, hoac double word.
Ngoai ra cdn cd viing nhd analog nhu AI (analog input) va AO (analog output), thanh ghi tich luy AC (ACO d^n AC3), high speed counter (HC).
3.2. Kk noi mang cua PLC S7-200
Hinh 3. Cdu hinh he thong cho mdt trgm PLC hogt ddng
S7-200 cd nhi^u phuang thirc ket ndi mang khac nhau nhu:
Mang Master dan: ket ndi vdi mpt hoac nhieu slave;
Mang da Master: ket ndi voi mgt hoac nhieu slave hoac nhieu master.
- Mang modem 11 bit: Mpt master cd the ket ndi vdi mdt hoac nhieu slave, master nay dupc ket ndi voi mdt modem 11 bit xem la mdt mang slave.
- Mang modem 10 bit: Mdt master cd the ket ndi vdi mdt PLC S7-200, master nay dugc ket ndi vdi mpt modem 10 bit xem la mpt mang slave.
- Mang Profibus: la loai mang chuan dupc Sli dung rat rdng rai.
Tdm lai S7-200 cd 3 loai mang chinh' - Mang PPI (Point-to-point Interface),
Mang MPI (Multipoint Interface).
M ^ g Profibus.
3.3, Phirong phap lap trinh De lap trinh ta cd 3 phuang phap chinh:
LAD (Ladder): la phuang phap lap trinh hinh thang, thich hop trong nganh dien cdng nghiep.
- FBD (Flowchart Block Diagram):
la phuang phap lap trinh theo so dd khoi, thich hop cho nganh dien tii sd.
STL (Statement List): la p h u a n g phap lap trinh tiieo d ^ g dong lenh gidng nhu ngdn n g u Assemply, thich h a p cho nganh may tinh.
Phan mgm hd trg lap trinh day dii nhat hien nay la Step7-Micro/Win 32 V4,0
Ngoai ra, S7-200 cdn k ^ ndi thich hgp nhu loai TP, OP, TD, va cac loai man hinh vdi nhieu ioai man hinh HMI ciia Siemens khac.
Bao dong chung ^ j Hop ket ndi Hinh 4. So dd lap ddt he thdng BNWAS tren tdu UT Glory 3.4. Lira chgn CPU 224DC/DC/DC
ciia S7-200 Thdng sdki thuat'
- PLC Siemens S7-200, CPU 224, Nguon DC, 14 ngd vao, 10 ngd ra,
PLC S7-200, CPU 224 6ES7214-lAD23-aXB0 Ngudn cung cap 24 VDC Ngo vao, 14D1DC.
Ngora: 10 DO DC Bg nhd chuang trinh, 12KB Bd nhd du lieu. 8KB Profibus DP extendable.
Didu khian PID: Cd.
Phan mgm. Step 7 Micro/WIN, Thdi gian xu ly 1024 lenh nhi phan : 0,37ms
Bit memory / Counter / Timer 256/256/256,
Bd dem toe dp cao: 6 x 60 Khz.
Bd dem len/xudng; Cd.
Ngit phan cirng: 4.
Sd dau vao/ra cd san; 14 DI / lODO.
So dau vao/ra sd cue dai (nhd lap ghep them Modul sd md rong):
DI/DO/MAX 94/74/168
Sd dau vao / ra tuong ty (nhd lap ghep them Modul Analog md rdng) AI/AO/MAX' 2 8 / 7 / 3 5 hoac 0 / 14 / 14.
IP 20, Kich thudc Rdng x Cao x Sau' 120 (mm) x 80 (mm) x 62 (mm),
4. Ket luan
Thiet bi he thong bao ddng true canh budng lai che tao thanh cdng la mot san pham npi dia hda se duoc lap dat tren cac tau bi6n Viet nam theo Qui dinh V/19.2 2 2 cua Cdng udc quoc te ve an toan sinh mang con ngudi tren bien (SOLAS)
Viec ling dung thiet bi dieu khien lap trinh S7-200 trong thiet ke he thong bao ddng tryc canh budng lai hoan toan phu hop vdi xu the phat trien ciia khoa hpc cdng nghe "lfng dung Ay thudt so vdo linh vuc dieu khien ky thugt"
Nhd su dung thiet bi dieu khien lap trinh S7-200 nen he thdng bao dpng true canh budng lai lam viec on dinh, tin cay day irng dupc cac yeu cau ky thuat ciia thiet bi, nang cao dupc tinh an toan trong hoat ddng hanh hai ciia tau
Neu dugc dau tu kinh phi, he thdng bao ddng true canh budng lai cd the dugc che tao hang loat de lap dat tren cac tau bien ciia VietNamQ
(xem tiep trang 87)