VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - So 11-Thang 4 - 2008
Sir DUNG ROM U U-RE THAY THE M O T PHAN CO XANH TRONG KHAU PHAN v5 BEO TRAU TO
Mai Van Sdnh*
Bo mon nghien ciiru Trau - Vien Chan nuoi Thuy Phuang - Tir Item - Ha Noi
*Tac gia lien he: Mai Van Sanh
Tel: (04) 8.386.125/0912.585.495 ; Fax : (04).8 389.775; Email: mvsanh(a)netnam.vn
A B S T R A C T
Use of urea treated rice straw for a partial replacement of elephant grass (Penisetum purpureum) in rations of fattening young buffaloes
One study with a aim of evaluating the effects of partial replacement of green grasses - elephant grass (Penisetum purpureum) with urea treated rice straw (UTRS) in rations on weight gain of fattening buffaloes was undertaken..
A total of 16 (8 males and 8 females) swamp buffaloes initial aging 18-20 months old, weighing 170-180 kg was used for in a 3 month experment. The experimental buffaloes were blocked according to their body weight and divided into 4 homogenous treatment groups in a randomized complete block design. Buffaloes of four treatments were given the same and constant amounts of concentrate, but elephant grass was replaced by UTRS with ratios of either 0, 25, 50 or 75% respectively in the four treatments. Daily total DM, CP and ME intakes were not significantly different between treatments (4.57 - 4.68 kg, 502-512 g and 44.19-44.81 MJ). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in weight gain between the 0, 25% versus 50% and 75% UTRS (533, 544 vs. 500 and 488 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) per kg weight gain was also significantly different between 0, 25%
UTRS versus 50 and 75% UTRS (8.57, 8.43 vs. 9.14 and 9.59kg DM intake).
Key words: buffaloes, fattening, elephant grass, urea treated rice straw, weight gain, feed consumption.
DATVANDE
Trau nude ta duge nudi giir trong ndng hd dd cay keo la chinh vdi quy md nhd. Chiing duge chan tha theo phuomg thiire quang canh, thirc an trau chii yeu la dua vao ngudn ed tu nhien va mdt phin phu phim ndng nghiep. Phu phim ndng nghiep ed mdt khd'i lugng khi ddi dao, nhit la rom. Ngudn cd thi phu thude nhidu vao mtia vu nhung rom khd ed thd ndi la sin cd ca nam.
Da sd ngudi nudi trau vin sir dung rom khd cho trau an trong nhirng thing ddng xuin khi ngudn ed xanh han che, nhimg ehi cho an true tiep ma khdng sir ly nd.
Theo nhidu tie gia nghien ciiu da chiing minh sir ly ram vdi U-re la giai phap tien Igi va hieu qua dd cai thien chat lugng rom khd (Wanapat, 1999). Rom u U-rd (RU) da tang ham lugng Protein thd va kha nang phan giai d da cd (Hai va cs., 1994; Chowdhury va cs., 1996). Rom ii U-re cd ham lugng NH3-N va axit beo tdng sd cao hon rom khdng ii (Chanthai va cs., 1987).
Ket hgp khau phin cd xanh va rom li U-re da ning cao ty le tieu hoa chit hum co, Protein thd va xa thd (Tuan, 2000). Nudi bd sira bang rom u U-re da lam tang lugng thiirc an an vao, tang nang suit sira va giam gia thanh thiic an (Bhaskar va cs., 1992). Thay the mdt phin ed xanh bang rom ii U-re nudi bd dang vlt sira cQng cho ket qua td't (Sanh va cs. 2001).
Mue di'eh eua thi nghiem la danh gia anh hudng cua thay the' mdt phin cd xanh trong khiu
phin bing ram ii U-r e den kha nang tang khd'i lugng ciia trau to vd beo.
VAT LifeU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClOJ Vdt lieu
Trau 10 dim Ily 18 thing tudi, khdi lugng 170-180 kg Cd voi tuoi (Pennisetum purpureum),
Rom il U-re: rom khd ii 4% U-re (vdi 80 lit nudc cho 100 kg ram) • .. . . Bdt sin: sin lit phoi khd, nghidn nhd
Bdt la sin: II sin thu trudc hoae ngay khi thu hoach cii, phoi khd, nghidn nhd Ri mat: san phim thu dugc ttr san xuit mat mia thil cdng
Phuong phap thi nghiem "
Bd tri thi nghiem ' '" ' .-•. .:^^ . . . , , n;.
Mudi slu trau to (8 due, 8 eai) 18 thing tudi, khd'i lugng 170-180 kg dugc sir dung de vd beo trong 3 thing. Trau thi nghiem dugc bd tri thanh 4 nhdm ddng ddu ve khdi lugng eo the theo phuang phap khdi nglu nhien hoan chinh (mdi nhdm 2 due, 2 cai). Thirc an tinh cho an cd dinh nhung thiic an thd thi cd xanh dugc thay the mdt phin bing ram ii U-re (tinh theo VCK) vdi cic ty le sau:
Khiu phin cd 0% rom ii U-re va 100% cd voi tuoi (DC). • ' • Khiu phin cd 25% rom u U-re va 75 ed voi tuoi (25RU). • ^ " ' Khiu phin ed 50% rom ii U-re va 50% ed voi tuoi (50RU).
Khiu phin cd 75% rom ii U-re va 25% cd voi tuoi (75RU). ' '
••••' '^ '• ' Bang l.Bd tri thi nghiem ' , • ^.
Chi tieu Sd gia stic
Khdi lugng ban diu (kg) Ty le rom ii trong TA thd (%) Ty le cd voi trong TA thd (%) Bdt sin(kg)
Bdt la sin (kg) Ri mat (kg)
0%RU 4
175 0
100 1 1 0,5
25%
4 171 25 75 1 1 0,5
RU
,\ \
50%
4 174 .50 , 50
1 1 0,5
RU 75% RU
4
179 ,,;
75 25 1 1 0,5 Cdc chi tieu theo ddi
Lugng thiirc an an vao ; Kha nang tang khdi lugng ; Tieu tdn thirc an cho 1 kg tang khdi lugng
Phuang phdp theo ddi ,u ,.
Tat ca trau thi nghiem dugc nudi nhdt rieng ttmg con, cung d p thirc an hang ngay tai chudng.
Thdi gian tap an la 2 tuin trudc khi theo ddi cle chi tieu.
Lugng thii'c an cung d p va thtra dugc d n hang ngay dd xac dinh lucmg thtic an an vao. C^n thiirc an thira vao sang sdm trudc khi cho thirc an mdi. Lugng thiirc an an vao thuc te bing lugng thii'c an cung d p trtr di lugng thiirc an thtra.
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - Sd 11- Thang 4 - 2008
Khd'i lugng co the dugc can Iiic bit diu thi nghiem va mdi thing 1 Iln bing can dien tir, can vao sang sdm trudc khi cho an. Thiic an tieu tdn eho 1 kg tang khdi lugng tinh bing tdng khd'i lugng thiic an chia cho tdng khd'i lugng tang.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Lugng thdc dn dn vdo • -
Tat ca tfau dugc cho an cung mdt lugng thiic an tinh trong sudt thdi gian thi nghiem, chi khac nhau d ty Ie thiic an thd vi vay khdng cd su khae biet vd lugng thiie an an vao eiia d c Id thi nghiem, trong khoang ttr 4,57 den 4,68 kg VCK/ngay. Tdng nang lugng trao ddi va Protein thd an vao hang ngay cung tuomg tu gitra d e Id (44,19 - 44,81 MJ and 502 - 512g).
Bang 2. Lugng thiie an an vao hang ngay eiia trau thi nghiem (kg VCK) Chi tieu
Rom ii U-r e Cd voi Bdt sin Bdt la sin Ri mat
Tdng lugng VCK Tdng Protein thd (g) Tdng NLTD (MJ)
0%RU 0 2,39 0,89 0,90 0,39 4,57 503 44,19
25% RU 0,68
1,73 0,89 i , 0,90 0,39 4,59 508 44,60
50% RU 1,16 1,23 0,89 0,90 0,39 4,57 502 44,24
75% RU 1,86 0,64 0,89 0,90 0,39 4,68 512 44,81
SE 0,05 0,1 0 0 0 0,1 9 1,1
Dao Lan Nhi va cs. (2003) bd sung bdt sin va la sin ii cho trau to vd beo cung cd lugng thiirc an an vao la 5,5-6,4 kg/con/ngay, trong khi d thi nghiem khIe eiia Trinh Van Trung va cs.
(2006) sir dung bdt sin va bdt la sin vd beo trau thi lugng thirc an an vao la 4,20-5,46 kg.
NghTa la vdi d u tao khiu phin khic nhau thi lugng thirc an an vao cd khac nhau nhung khdng nhidu.
Khd ndng tdng khdi luang cua trdu
Bang 3. Tang khd'i lugng ciia trau (kg) trong thdi gian thi nghiem Chi tieu
Khd'i lugng bit diu TN Khdi lugng sau 1 thing TN Khd'i lugng sau 2 thing TN Khdi lugng sau 3 thing TN Tdng khd'i lugng tang Tang KL hang ngay (g)
0%RU 175 192 208 223 48"
533"
25% RU 171 189 205 220 49"
544"
50% RU 174 191 205 219 4 5 ' 5 0 0 '
75% RU 179 195 208 223 4 4 ' 4 8 8 '
SE 4,9 4,6 4,3 4,1 1,1 6
a.b
Gid tri ciing hdng ngang co chua,b khac nhau Id khac nhau co y nghia thdng ke (P<0.05)
Vd kha nang tang khd'i lugng thi giifa hai Id 0% RU va 25% RU cung nhu giira Id 50% RU va
75% RU khdng cd su khic nhau nhung Iai cd su khac nhau giira hai nhdm Id nay. Khi thay the
tdi 50% RU tang khd'i lugng cua trau bi giam so vdi Id thay the 25% RU (544 g/ngay giam
xudng 500/ngay) va thay the 75% RU tiep tue giam (488 g/ngay). Tuy vay tang trung binh khoang 15 kg/thang ddi vdi trau la chap nhan dugc.
Kha nang tang khdi lugng eiia trau trong thi nghiem nay cung tucmg tu d c nghien curu khac.
Dao Lan Nhi va cs. (1999) bd sung bdt la keo dau vd beo trau tang 285-600 g/ngay. Trinh Van Trung va cs. (2006) sir dung bdt sin va bdt la sin vd beo trau tang 342-578 g/ngay.
Tieu tdn thdc dn
Tucmg tu nhu tang khd'i lugng, tieu tdn thire an cho tang khdi lugng giiia hai Id 0% RU va 25%
RU eung nhu giira Id 50% RU va 75% RU khdng ed su khac nhau nhung Iai cd su khic nhau giira hai nhdm Id nay. ^
Bang 4. Tieu tdn thiie an cho 1 kg Ch i ti eu
Vat chit kho (kg) NLTD (MJ) Protein thd (g)
0%RU 8,57"
82,91 "
944"
25% RU 8,43"
81,99"
934"
; tang khdi lugng ciia trau 50% RU
9,14' 88,48'
1004'
75% RU 9,59' 91,82'
1049'
. ,;'•,.•. , • -
SE 0,2 1,7 14
"''Gid Iri cting hdng ngang cd chua,b khde nhau Id khde nhau cd y nghia thdng ke (P<0.05)
Khi thay the tdi 50% RU tang khd'i lugng ciia trau bi giam va tieu tdn thiirc an cho 1 kg tang khdi lugng tang so vdi Id thay the 25% RU (8,43 tang len 9,14 kg VCK) va thay the 75% RU tie'p tue tang giam (9,59 kg VCK). Tuy vay tieu ton khoang 10 kg VCK cho 1 kg tang khd'i lugng la khi td't so vdi d c ket qua khae. Dao Lan Nhi va cs. (2003) cho biet tieu tdn VCK cho 1 kg tang khd'i lugng la 10,6 -19,2 kg cdn thi nghiem ciia Trinh Van Trung va cs. (2006) la 9,4-12,3 kg.
JCET LUAN
Thay the 25-75% cd xanh trong khiu phin an hang ngay ciia trau to vd beo bing rom ii 4%
U-re khdng anh hudng tdi lugng thiirc an an vao ciia trau.
Khi thay the tdi 50% cd xanh bing rom ii 4% U-re thi kha nang tang khdi lugng ciia trau bit diu giam va tieu tdn thire an eho 1 kg tang khdi lugng tang, tuy nhien vin d mirc do chip nhan duge.
Trong mtia ddng khi cd xanh khan hiem, cd the sir dung rom ii U-re dd thay the ed xanh trong khiu phin 25% la td't nhung cd the thay the dugc 50% cd xanh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bhaskar, B.V., A. S. Rao and S. R. Sampath.(1992). Effect of feeding urea treated rice straw on the yield and composition of milk from cross-bred cows. Int. J. Anim. Sci. 7; 1: 77-80.
Chanthai, S., M. Wanapat and C. Wachirapakom (1987). Rumen ammonia N and volatile fatty acid concentrations in cattle and buffalo given rice straw based diets. In Ruminant feeding systems utilizing fibrous agricultural residues, 1988. Intemational Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges Ltd., Canberra, Australia, 191-195.
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - Sd 11- Thang 4 - 2008
Chowdhury, S. A., K. S. Huque and M. E. Haque. (1996). Straw preservation under wet condition during monsoon in Bangladesh: Effect of preserving wet straw with urea on its keeping quality and nutritive value in cattle when fed alone or supplement with concentrate. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 9: 319-329.
Dao Lan Nhi, Mai Van Sanh, Tie'n Hong Phiic va Trinh Van Trung (1999). Nghien ciiu anh huong cua khiu phin de'n ty le tieu hoa, can bang nito tren triu 18-24 thang tudi va kha nang v6 beo chiing tir ngu6n thiic an san co.tuyS'n tap bao cao khoa hpc chan nuoi thii y 1998 - 1999. Bo nong nghiep va phat tridn n6ng th6n.
Ha N6i. Trang 40-53.
Dao Lan Nhi, Mai Van Sanh (2003). Nghien ciiu h6 sung bot sin va la sin che bie'n trong khiu phin co so la cSy ngo hoac co ttr nhien vdi rem di v6 beo trau to. Tap chf Nong nghiep va phat tridn ndng thon 2003.
Hai, N. v., L. V. Ly and L. H. Son.(1994). Effects of treatment by Urea, NaOH on chemical composition, degradability of rice straw in cattle. Paper presented at Annual National Scientific Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam, 6-8 July, 1994.
Mai Van Sanh, Hans Wiktorsson and Le Viet Ly (2001). Effect of partial replacement of green grass by Urea treated rice straw in Winter on milk production of corossbred lactating cows. PhD thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Trinh Van Trung, Mai Van Sanh va Nguydn Cfing Dinh (2006), "Nghien ciiu sir dung bot la sin trong khiu phin an ciia trau to ", Nong nghiep & phat tridn nong thdn, (5), tr. 78 - 81.
Tuan, B. Q. (2000). Effects of Protein and concentrate levels on rumen digestion and milk production of crossbed dairy cattle in Hanoi. PhD. Thesis. Hanoi University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Wanapat, M., (1999). Feeding of ruminants in the Tropics based on local feed resources. M. Wanapat (Ed.).
Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.